PRO
Content
PROJECT ON SURVEY RESEARCH INC PANTNAGAR
SUBMITTED TO MS.REKHA JOSHI
SUBMITTED BY ASMITA DAS
ROLL NO.901120502 M.B.A SEMESTER 2ND
CONTENT
1 Survey 2 Classification of survey 3 Survey methods 4 Personnel interviews 5 Telephonic interviews 6 Self administered interviews 7 Mail surveys 8 Factor affecting survey 9 Error in survey research 10 Random sampling error 11 Systematic errors
TELEPHONIC INTERVIEW
Telephone Interviewing stands out as the best method for gathering quickly needed information. Responses are collected from the respondents by the researcher on telephone. The shift of focus to telephonic interview of late has happened for several reasons, prominent among which are:
a) Plunging response rates in face to face interview in certain urban areas. b) Lower cost of telephonic interviews as interviews travel time and mileage are eliminated. c) Introduction of random digit dialing as a remedy to previous problems of telephonic interviews.
The use of digit dialing as a sampling was to ensure that those individual who have shifted or changed there telephone number could be included but the sampling was not restricted to directories it used student register, hospital and clinic records etc.
Advantages of Telephonic Interview 1. It is very fast method of data collection. 2. It has the advantage over Mail Questionnaire of permitting the interviewer to talk to one or more persons and to clarifying his questions if they are not understood. 3. Response rate of telephone interviewing seems to be a little better than mail questionnaires 4. The quality of information is better 5. It is less costly method and there are less administration problems
Disadvantages of Telephonic Interview 6. They cant handle interview which need props 7. It cant handle unstructured interview 8. It cant be used for those questions which requires long descriptive answers 9. Respondents cannot be observed
10. People are reluctant to disclose personal information on telephone 11. People who don t have telephone facility cannot be approached
CENTRAL TELEPHONIC INTERVIEWS (CLTI)
For central location telephone interviews, the interviewers make calls from a centrally located marketing research facility to reach and interview respondents. Wide area telecommunications service lines are used for making the calls. These lines facilitate unlimited long distance calls throughout the country or geographical area at fixed rates. The superiority of CLTI can be attributed to one factor i.e. control.
COMPUTER-ASSISTED TELEPHONE INTERVIEWING (CATI)
The process in which the telephonic interview responses can be directly entered into the computer is known as computer assisted telephone interviewing .In this telephonic interviewer is seated at a computer terminal while interviewing qualified respondents. The questions are usually closeended.the questions along with their possible response options appear on the computer screen in front of the interviewer. The interviewer reads out the questions and enters the corresponding answer of the interviewee into the computer. The questions need to be highly structured. The processing of the CATI has become much easier due to latest technology. Thus, timings can be set to recall busy numbers after 15 min and no-contacts after 1 hour. The computer can be programmed to fill a certain quota and to deliver latest reports.
COMPLETELY AUTOMATED TELEPHONE SURVEY (CATS)
This process which combines computerized telephone dialing and voice activated computer messages makes of interactive voice response technology to record the responses of the interviewees. The need for an interviewer is eliminated since CATS involves a voice synthesized module controlled by a microprocessor. The questions are highly structured, and close ended with response options. The computer uses the recorded voice of a professional interviewer to ask the question. Interviewees are required to answer by choosing from the options available and then pressing a number button on their telephone sets to mark their choices .it is handy and simple questionnaire
SELF ADMINISTERED INTERVIEWS
In this case the respondent is totally responsible for understanding the questions, completing the questionnaire and depositing the questionnaire for collection. There is no interaction between the respondent and the interviewer. Respondents usually answer questions by ticking answer boxes and following instructions for collection. These types of questionnaires are usually distributed and collected by post although in many cases, they can be collected in pre-selected collection boxes. Self-administered questionnaires require careful attention to layout and working of questions because there is no interaction between the respondents and the interviewer. As there is very little control over the way in which the questionnaire is answered there should be very clear instructions and layout design to guide the respondent. Particular attention should be placed to the wording of the questions. Every effort should be placed in avoiding ambiguity. We will discuss the wording of questions in further lectures. Self-administered interviews do not elicit large response rates. Usually a 40% response rate is considered adequate. However, it is a relatively cost-effective research method to administer since the once the layout wording and order of the questions is determined the questionnaire can be distributed massively. Self-administered questionnaires are usually considered less expensive than face to face interviews it is not too labor intensive as it does not require the training of a large number of interviewers.
MAIL SURVEYS
Mail surveys are both very economical and very fast. More people have email than have full Internet access. This makes mail a better choice than a Web page survey for some populations. On the other hand, email surveys are limited to simple questionnaires, whereas Web page surveys can include complex logic. Advantages
y y y y
Speed. An email questionnaire can gather several thousand responses within a day or two. There is practically no cost involved once the set up has been completed. You can attach pictures and sound files. The novelty element of an email survey often stimulates higher response levels than ordinary snail mail surveys.
Disadvantages
y y
y
y
You must possess (or purchase) a list of email addresses. Some people will respond several times or pass questionnaires along to friends to answer. Many programs have no check to eliminate people responding multiple times to bias the results. The Survey System s Email Module will only accept one reply from each address sent the questionnaire. It eliminates duplicate and pass along questionnaires and checks to ensure that respondents have not ignored instructions (e.g., giving 2 answers to a question requesting only one). Many people dislike unsolicited email even more than unsolicited regular mail. You may want to send email questionnaires only to people who expect to get email from you. You cannot use email surveys to generalize findings to the whole populations. People who have email are different from those who do not, even when matched on demographic characteristics, such as age and gender.
y
Email surveys cannot automatically skip questions or randomize question or answer choice order or use other automatic techniques that can enhance surveys the way Web page surveys can.
1. Many email programs are limited to plain ASCII text questionnaires and cannot show pictures. Email questionnaires from The Survey System can attach graphic or sound files. Although use of email is growing very rapidly, it is not universal - and is even less so outside the USA (threequarters of the world's email traffic takes place within the USA). Many average citizens still do not possess email facilities, especially older people and those in lower income and education groups. So email surveys do not reflect the population as a whole. At this stage they are probably best used in a corporate environment where email is common or when most members of the target population are known to have email.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF SURVEY METHOD 1. Sampling precision
2. Budget 3. Quality of data 4. Need to expose respondent to various stimuli 5. Incidence rate 6. Accuracy of the resultant data
SUBMITTED TO MS.REKHA JOSHI
SUBMITTED BY ASMITA DAS
ROLL NO.901120502 M.B.A SEMESTER 2ND
CONTENT
1 Survey 2 Classification of survey 3 Survey methods 4 Personnel interviews 5 Telephonic interviews 6 Self administered interviews 7 Mail surveys 8 Factor affecting survey 9 Error in survey research 10 Random sampling error 11 Systematic errors
TELEPHONIC INTERVIEW
Telephone Interviewing stands out as the best method for gathering quickly needed information. Responses are collected from the respondents by the researcher on telephone. The shift of focus to telephonic interview of late has happened for several reasons, prominent among which are:
a) Plunging response rates in face to face interview in certain urban areas. b) Lower cost of telephonic interviews as interviews travel time and mileage are eliminated. c) Introduction of random digit dialing as a remedy to previous problems of telephonic interviews.
The use of digit dialing as a sampling was to ensure that those individual who have shifted or changed there telephone number could be included but the sampling was not restricted to directories it used student register, hospital and clinic records etc.
Advantages of Telephonic Interview 1. It is very fast method of data collection. 2. It has the advantage over Mail Questionnaire of permitting the interviewer to talk to one or more persons and to clarifying his questions if they are not understood. 3. Response rate of telephone interviewing seems to be a little better than mail questionnaires 4. The quality of information is better 5. It is less costly method and there are less administration problems
Disadvantages of Telephonic Interview 6. They cant handle interview which need props 7. It cant handle unstructured interview 8. It cant be used for those questions which requires long descriptive answers 9. Respondents cannot be observed
10. People are reluctant to disclose personal information on telephone 11. People who don t have telephone facility cannot be approached
CENTRAL TELEPHONIC INTERVIEWS (CLTI)
For central location telephone interviews, the interviewers make calls from a centrally located marketing research facility to reach and interview respondents. Wide area telecommunications service lines are used for making the calls. These lines facilitate unlimited long distance calls throughout the country or geographical area at fixed rates. The superiority of CLTI can be attributed to one factor i.e. control.
COMPUTER-ASSISTED TELEPHONE INTERVIEWING (CATI)
The process in which the telephonic interview responses can be directly entered into the computer is known as computer assisted telephone interviewing .In this telephonic interviewer is seated at a computer terminal while interviewing qualified respondents. The questions are usually closeended.the questions along with their possible response options appear on the computer screen in front of the interviewer. The interviewer reads out the questions and enters the corresponding answer of the interviewee into the computer. The questions need to be highly structured. The processing of the CATI has become much easier due to latest technology. Thus, timings can be set to recall busy numbers after 15 min and no-contacts after 1 hour. The computer can be programmed to fill a certain quota and to deliver latest reports.
COMPLETELY AUTOMATED TELEPHONE SURVEY (CATS)
This process which combines computerized telephone dialing and voice activated computer messages makes of interactive voice response technology to record the responses of the interviewees. The need for an interviewer is eliminated since CATS involves a voice synthesized module controlled by a microprocessor. The questions are highly structured, and close ended with response options. The computer uses the recorded voice of a professional interviewer to ask the question. Interviewees are required to answer by choosing from the options available and then pressing a number button on their telephone sets to mark their choices .it is handy and simple questionnaire
SELF ADMINISTERED INTERVIEWS
In this case the respondent is totally responsible for understanding the questions, completing the questionnaire and depositing the questionnaire for collection. There is no interaction between the respondent and the interviewer. Respondents usually answer questions by ticking answer boxes and following instructions for collection. These types of questionnaires are usually distributed and collected by post although in many cases, they can be collected in pre-selected collection boxes. Self-administered questionnaires require careful attention to layout and working of questions because there is no interaction between the respondents and the interviewer. As there is very little control over the way in which the questionnaire is answered there should be very clear instructions and layout design to guide the respondent. Particular attention should be placed to the wording of the questions. Every effort should be placed in avoiding ambiguity. We will discuss the wording of questions in further lectures. Self-administered interviews do not elicit large response rates. Usually a 40% response rate is considered adequate. However, it is a relatively cost-effective research method to administer since the once the layout wording and order of the questions is determined the questionnaire can be distributed massively. Self-administered questionnaires are usually considered less expensive than face to face interviews it is not too labor intensive as it does not require the training of a large number of interviewers.
MAIL SURVEYS
Mail surveys are both very economical and very fast. More people have email than have full Internet access. This makes mail a better choice than a Web page survey for some populations. On the other hand, email surveys are limited to simple questionnaires, whereas Web page surveys can include complex logic. Advantages
y y y y
Speed. An email questionnaire can gather several thousand responses within a day or two. There is practically no cost involved once the set up has been completed. You can attach pictures and sound files. The novelty element of an email survey often stimulates higher response levels than ordinary snail mail surveys.
Disadvantages
y y
y
y
You must possess (or purchase) a list of email addresses. Some people will respond several times or pass questionnaires along to friends to answer. Many programs have no check to eliminate people responding multiple times to bias the results. The Survey System s Email Module will only accept one reply from each address sent the questionnaire. It eliminates duplicate and pass along questionnaires and checks to ensure that respondents have not ignored instructions (e.g., giving 2 answers to a question requesting only one). Many people dislike unsolicited email even more than unsolicited regular mail. You may want to send email questionnaires only to people who expect to get email from you. You cannot use email surveys to generalize findings to the whole populations. People who have email are different from those who do not, even when matched on demographic characteristics, such as age and gender.
y
Email surveys cannot automatically skip questions or randomize question or answer choice order or use other automatic techniques that can enhance surveys the way Web page surveys can.
1. Many email programs are limited to plain ASCII text questionnaires and cannot show pictures. Email questionnaires from The Survey System can attach graphic or sound files. Although use of email is growing very rapidly, it is not universal - and is even less so outside the USA (threequarters of the world's email traffic takes place within the USA). Many average citizens still do not possess email facilities, especially older people and those in lower income and education groups. So email surveys do not reflect the population as a whole. At this stage they are probably best used in a corporate environment where email is common or when most members of the target population are known to have email.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF SURVEY METHOD 1. Sampling precision
2. Budget 3. Quality of data 4. Need to expose respondent to various stimuli 5. Incidence rate 6. Accuracy of the resultant data
