Project Management-1[1] (1)

Published on June 2016 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 74 | Comments: 0 | Views: 1638
of 16
Download PDF   Embed   Report

Comments

Content

Question 1 1.1 Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. It is often closely related to and sometimes conflated with program management. A project is a finite endeavor undertaken to meet particular goals and objectives, usually to bring about beneficial change or added value. This finite characteristic of projects stands in contrast to processes, or operations, which is repetitive, permanent or semi-permanent functional work to produce products or services. In practice, the management of these two systems is often found to be quite different, and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and the adoption of separate management. Today’s project management involves people in every industry and every country manages projects. New technologies have become a significant factor in many businesses. Computer hardware, software, networks, and the use of interdisciplinary and global work teams have radically changed the work environment. The statistics below demonstrate the significance of project management in today’s society, especially for projects involving information technology. Reference: Lewis R. Ireland (2006) Project Management. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006

    

第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天): 第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天): 最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天): 逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費 所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

    

第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天): 第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天): 最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天): 逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費 所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

1.2 A project manager of construction is the person who has the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling and closure of a construction project. The job title is used in construction, petrochemical, architecture, information technology and many different industries that produce products and services. The project manager must have a combination of skills including an ability to ask penetrating questions, detect unstated assumptions and resolve conflicts, as well as more general management skills. Key role of a construction project manager is the recognition that risk directly impacts the likelihood of success and that this risk must be both formally and informally measured throughout the lifetime of the project. Risks arise from uncertainty, and the successful project manager is the one who focuses on this as the main concern. Most of the issues that impact a project arise in one-way or another from risk. A good project manager can lessen risk significantly, often by adhering to a policy of open communication, ensuring every significant participant has an opportunity to express opinions and concerns. A construction manager has the role of oversees the whole construction projects and ensures that they are completed as they should be. A construction manager is the person who handles a construction job from start to finish. This individual will have a primary hand in planning the job as well as overseeing the project along the way. The construction manager will plan, direct and budget a construction project as well as handle any issues which arise during the job.

Reference: Lewis R. Ireland (2006) Project Management. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006

    

第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天): 第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天): 最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天): 逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費 所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

1.3 The nature of work in engineering field is different from others. Project manager in civil engineering field is essentially an engineer, not an accountant. Their works are different and engineers’ work is no accounting work. A construction project manager usually has standard, upper-management perks, such as their own private secretary, a nice company-furnished vehicle, options to buy into equity participation of company stock, club memberships, paid trade seminar “vacations,” the authority to take potential clients and such out to dinner and golf outings, and paid educational benefits such as getting an MBA at company expense. On top of all those perks, there is usually an unstated, but normal expectation of job security, as long as the company has modest growth and sustained profitability. A construction project manager usually has better perks than their superintendents and other employees under their aegis, but only marginally so. A superintendent, or even working foreman, usually has a company-furnished vehicle too while a project manager is often given a car allowance. There’s a little leeway in taking the odd recruit or potential client out to lunch, but doing so more than once or twice a month will usually bring forth an inquiry as to why. As far as continuing educational benefits go, most companies don’t offer that to their project managers, unless it’s specifically job-related. A project manager proper, however, must wear more hats than a juggling haberdasher. To be successful, a project manager must have: the near-equivalent knowledge of human psychology; accounting skills to the point where he could sit on the financial accounting standards board; the combined knowledge of an mechanical engineer, registered architect, civil engineer and electrical engineer, since part of his job is finding and correcting mistakes made by his offsite peers, the diplomatic skills to protect his company’s interests while enabling continuing progress of the job.

Reference: Bjarne Kousholt (2007). Project Management –. Theory and practice.. Nyt Teknisk Forlag.

    

第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天): 第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天): 最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天): 逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費 所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

Question 2 2.1 Among many characteristics of a project manager in construction, I think people work as project managers should be flexible and work effectively in a fast-paced environment. They should be decisive and work well under pressure, particularly when faced with unexpected events or delays. The ability to manage several major activities at once, while analyzing and resolving specific problems, is essential, as is an understanding of engineering, architectural, and other construction drawings. Familiarity with computers and software programs for job costing, online collaboration, scheduling, and estimating also is important. Good oral and written communication skills as well as leadership skills are important. Managers must be able to establish a good working relationship with many different people, including clients, other managers, designers, supervisors, and workers. The ability to converse fluently in different languages is increasingly becoming an asset, because people start to work in mainland China so Mandarin is the first language of many workers in the construction industry. In Hong Kong a project manager wears many hats. He should be able to play many roles. They are a supervisor, planner and sometimes worker to boot. This is an interesting job as it requires a many talents to carry out such a role. One who is a construction manager will succeed in their job if they can adequately lead their workers to complete the job correctly. By possessing abilities such as multitasking abilities, timeliness and good problem solving skills, the construction manager will be able to complete their daily job tasks quickly and efficiently. A construction manager should be good at working in timely jobs. Construction jobs are projects which almost always need to be completed in a timely manner.

Reference: Bjarne Kousholt (2007). Project Management –. Theory and practice.. Nyt Teknisk Forlag.  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

2.2 In Hong Kong, employers increasingly are hiring construction managers with a bachelor's degree in a construction-related field, although it is also possible for construction workers to become construction managers after many years of experience. Construction managers must understand contracts, plans, specifications, and regulations. Certification, although not required, is increasingly important. A degree in Hong Kong’s university is required. Bachelor's degree programs in construction science, building science, and construction engineering is good. These programs include courses in project control and development, site planning, design, construction methods, construction materials, value analysis, cost estimating, scheduling, contract administration, accounting, business and financial management, safety, building codes and standards, inspection procedures, engineering and architectural sciences, mathematics, statistics, and information technology. Graduates from Hong Kong’s degree programs usually are hired as assistants to project managers, field engineers, schedulers, or cost estimators. An increasing number of graduates in related fields, includes engineering or architecture, for example, also enter construction management, often after acquiring substantial experience on construction projects. Several colleges and universities offer a master's degree program in construction management or construction science. Master's degree recipients, especially those with work experience in construction, typically become construction managers in very large construction or construction management companies. Often, individuals who hold a bachelor's degree in an unrelated field seek a master's degree in construction management or construction science to work in the construction industry. Some construction managers obtain a master's degree in business administration or finance to further their career prospects. A number of 2-year colleges throughout the country offer construction management or construction technology programs. Many individuals also attend training and educational programs sponsored by industry associations, often in collaboration with postsecondary institutions. Reference: Bjarne Kousholt (2007). Project Management –. Theory and practice.. Nyt Teknisk Forlag.  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

2.3 Sometimes internal teams are better because internal training and development leaps the huge barriers that encumber external training. Internal training reflects a solid knowledge of the organization’s culture. Internal training uses real life examples, problems and challenges that participants encounter every day at work. Successful internal training identifies the exact skills and knowledge that participants need to succeed in their jobs. It also prepares employees for success in their next job. Internal training is presented in the language and terminology that participants understand and can relate to. Internal training develops the skills of employees and cements their own knowledge of the topic. I am sure you are familiar with the old adage that the best way to make sure that an employee thoroughly understands a topic is to have the employee trains others. The benefits to client is that the client can contact the teammates directly because the work is not given out to other companies outside. For some cases, internal teams are not so good because in a company you may not have enough talent. The talents are very important for a company to accomplish works. Just like a country, if that country do not have enough engineering professional, they have to hire from outside. Talent is the key for finishing work nicely. Sometimes using external team would be better in this case. Also some company cannot hire so many draftsmen, it just cost too much, and this is a disadvantage. In this case it is better to give the work to drafting company. Internal consultants would not only know the business better but possess greater loyalty to and understanding of the company’s culture, system, processes, structure, products and customers. All this important element would take time before the external consultant understand it and begin their investigation. External consultants have an established network of relationships and know how to get things done quickly. Client’s internal consultants understand the business already and are often familiar with the issues and concern that employees and manager have. They also have access to the organization’s key stakeholder and have developed a level of credibility that is crucial to the success of any investigation. Despite the prevalence of perfectly respectable and honest consultant, black sheep does exist in the discipline. Even when their credential is thoroughly checked, their skill in investigation may prove to be mediocre and unsophisticated. Between the external consultant & their employee or partners, both may use different approach to investigating. This can be problematic as it causes  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

huge disruption to the operation of the client business. Question 3 3.1 The construction manager is the one who will supervise the project and determine that the job is being done correctly. He must review the entire project daily to ensure that the work is being done as it should be. If there appears to be any deviation from the planned construction project, it is up to the construction manager to get the project back on the right track. It is up to the construction manager to shop around for the least expensive yet most reliable materials all the while keeping the project budget in mind. Some construction managers will have to handle the contract end of construction projects. They will have to hire individuals to draft the relevant paperwork and ensure that the documents are signed by the right parties. This includes contracts with the subcontractors, architects and suppliers to name just a few. An important duty of the contract manager is to manage the construction schedule in an effective and efficient manner. This is crucial as any delays in the project may cause a substantial amount of money. Therefore, the construction manager must ensure that everyone involved does their utmost to stay on schedule and should issues arise it is up to the construction manager to resolve them. Construction managers must also inspect and review the construction project on a periodic basis to ensure compliance with safety code and building code regulations. This is vital as well since any violation could mean a delay in the project if not cancel the project altogether. Therefore, the manager must be sure to inspect as frequently and efficiently as possible. Construction managers direct and monitor the progress of construction activities, occasionally through construction supervisors or other construction managers. They are responsible for obtaining all necessary permits and licenses and, depending upon the contractual arrangements, for directing or monitoring compliance with building and safety codes, other regulations, and requirements set by the project's insurers. They also oversee the delivery and use of materials, tools, and equipment; worker safety and productivity; and the quality of the construction. Reference: Martin Stevens (2002). Project Management Pathways. Association for Project Management. APM Publishing Limited, 2002  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

3.2 In the contract, if project manager has been used, he must be the main organizer of the project and responsible for major contact and arrangement of the project. The contracting process is invaluable on two accounts. First, the contracting process must be understood as the contract document drafting process with several negotiations meetings, information exchanges, people getting acquainted with each other’s, site visits, trust and confidence building as well as learning each other’s customs and capabilities. Secondly the contract itself is important, as a written document and a guideline for future cooperation. So the company managers need more advice and support, not any more from the lawyers, but expertise on the combination of the commercial and technological issues. This reflects the view that the companies should get to know how to tie the technology and markets in a rational way. A project is typically defined as a set of interrelated activities having a specific beginning and ending, and leading to a specific objective. Probably the most important concept in this definition is that a project is intended as a temporary endeavor, unlike ongoing, steady state operations. Secondary is the uniqueness of the output. To ensure that a project is temporary, it is necessary to define the ending explicitly. The outputs of the project, or deliverables, may be tangible (a new heating system) or intangible (a retrained workgroup), but in either case should be defined in measurable terms (completed installation or documented level of expertise). While the reason for undertaking the project may have been to reduce utility costs by 10 percent or to increase productivity by 20 percent, achieving such goals may be outside the scope of the project.

3.3 Concerning the relationship between project management, design and construction management, it is important to recognize the close relationship between management, design and construction. These processes can best be viewed as an integrated system. Broadly speaking, design is a process of creating the description of a new facility, usually represented by  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

detailed plans and specifications; construction planning is a process of identifying activities and resources required to make the design a physical reality. Hence, construction is the implementation of a design envisioned by architects and engineers. In both design and construction, numerous operational tasks must be performed with a variety of precedence and other relationships among the different tasks. In an integrated system, the planning for both design and construction can proceed almost simultaneously, examining various alternatives which are desirable from both viewpoints and thus eliminating the necessity of extensive revisions under the guise of value engineering. Furthermore, the review of designs with regard to their constructibility can be carried out as the project progresses from planning to design. For example, if the sequence of assembly of a structure and the critical loadings on the partially assembled structure during construction are carefully considered as a part of the overall structural design, the impacts of the design on construction falsework and on assembly details can be anticipated. However, if the design professionals are expected to assume such responsibilities, they must be rewarded for sharing the risks as well as for undertaking these additional tasks.

Question 4 4.1 Clients need to set criteria for safety and date of completion for the project. This is done by their responsibilities to draft contract. They need to specify the safety and other requirements. Client needs to specify in the contract what kind of documents should be submitted to him so that every party knows how to define whether the project is finished with what standards.  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

On all projects clients will need to check competence and resources of all appointees, ensure there are suitable management arrangements for the project including welfare facilities, allow sufficient time and resources for all stages, provide pre-construction information to designers and contractors, appoint a principal contractor, and make sure that construction work does not start unless a construction phase plan is in place and there are adequate welfare facilities on site. Active and competent construction clients are essential for the successful development of the built environment. The construction client oversees the progress of a construction project from concept to implementation. The construction client chooses the players that will be involved in the project and determines the conditions from the planning stage to the point at which the final building of facility is put into commission. As a representative of owners, customers and the needs of society, the construction client, at an early stage in the process, sets the stage for other players during both the construction process and the long-term management of the finished product. The role of the construction client requires a high level of expertise; both theoretical knowledge and practical experience from all stages of planning, construction and management. The construction client is responsible for the holistic approach that governs the creation of every building and structure such as road and bridge, from concept to realization, through usage, alteration and demolition. From above we can see that the construction client is an important driving force. Its vision is an active and competent construction client working as an agent of change within the sector. The goal is sustainable development of the built environment, both to meet society’s environmental goals and social and economic aspects in a broad sense.

4.2 The industry is improving because of higher standards. There are more and more companies using ISO standards and follow it tightly. The clients are more concern for safety so specify safety standards in contracts. The whole industry quality is increasing because there are more training provided by government to workers. The number of injuries in decreasing nowadays.  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

Less projects are rejected by client because of improvement in quality. Quality is the grab bag that covers all the aspects of the building not addressed by the other five values, such as aesthetic impact, user perceptions, appropriateness of building materials, and so on. Quality is monitored and controlled by a variety of means, including specifications, punch lists, inspections, tests, and user surveys. Special care must be taken to establish appropriate measures early in the project to focus attention and effort on the quality expectations of the team. Time, cost and quality are all important to a client, but one may be more important than another. For example, a local authority is almost always tied to the lowest price. So once the budget is set for a school it is embarrassing for the budget to be exceeded, because it means going back to the central government, providing less school places or capturing money from another scheme. Good quality can reduce the possibility of liability of the contractor. The chance of being claimed for damages or defect can be prevented too. The adoption of ISO9000 can also enhance your chance of winning other contracts, as it becomes one of the must of selection to approved contractor lists in Government projects. So high the chance of being selected, and more business opportunities can be foreseen. And it also has a branding effect to the company’s image and recognition of competence. Cost management can help to ensure the management of raw material usage and the cost from using subcontractors. Good cost management ensures the stability of cash flows of the company, this in turn and improves the quality of the work. The cost management can save money benefiting design and build contract and traditional contract. The monetary benefit saved can be reinvested to another contract. This rolling investment can enhance the financial capability of a company strengthening its equity base. It is also necessary in financial guarantee, which is one of the government contractor’s criteria. Quality systems like ISO9000 is exist to ensure you have a system recognized by public, it is an image of the company, it is not representing the quality because of no standard set. It is an international recognized standard, it contains generic requirements suitable for all kinds of product/services. It is a baseline for future improvement. It concerns marketing needs and continuous improvement. It helps companies in setting goals - mission statement and planning. The company must put customer first, that means putting people first. Also should has  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

commitment by everybody involved. It is also an education of continuous improvement and companies use it for quality management. It is the best in zero defect condition. It tells us what to improve. The processes required to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken. Then it addresses both the management of the project and the product/service of the project. It helps to compatible to proprietary approaches to quality system; nonproprietary approaches such as total quality management, continuous Improvement. It has many components to guide the users in quality environment, quality assurance, and quality control.

Question 5 5.1 There are new technology, new construction materials in the industry. Also there are higher and higher expectation to the construction industry from clients and the public. The public expect the builders use more environmentally friendly construction methods and produce less noise. The client would require higher safety standards. This pushes the industry to improve. One new technology is called hydraulic concrete crusher (HCC). HCC are excavator mounted mechanical tools for demolition works. The action of HCC is by the opening and closing of its jaws to crush concrete, powered by the hydraulic fluid supplied by the excavator. The main noise source from HCC is from the excavator itself. Noises created by HCC and its crushing actions are very low and can be negligible in noise assessment. Currently, the supply of HCC in Hong Kong is limited and requires a delivery time of about one month. HCC is commonly used in other countries and there are wide ranges of types and suppliers of HCC from most construction plant manufacturers.     
第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天): 第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天): 最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天): 逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費 所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

This concrete demolition technique will burst reinforced mass concrete and masonry using a hydraulic, i.e. non-percussive, action. Ideal usage is in office blocks, shopping centres, residential buildings, and hospitals -anywhere that requires large lumps of material removed quietly and free of vibration. Used in conjunction with diamond drilling, powerful hydraulic rams are inserted into pre-drilled holes and expanded until the material is forced apart. Once the integrity has been broken down the concrete can be removed using whatever method is applicable. "Fiber mesh" can be any type of fine fibers - special alkali-resistant fiberglass, steel, nylon, polypropylene, etc. It helps to reduce shrinkage cracks (mainly micro-cracking). Some people think that is all you need to do. The use of fibers requires control. They should not be added on site and there are limitations on the maximum mixing/agitating time. Over-mixing decreases the effectiveness. Wire mesh (6x6) is the proven method of crack control. The wire theoretically does not increase the strength of the slab, but in the real world it does if properly placed and not laid on the ground by a lazy contractor. Fiber mesh does not increase the compressive strength of the concrete.

5.2 In Hong Kong, Key Performance Indicators, also known as KPI or Key Success Indicators (KSI), help an organization define and measure progress toward organizational goals. They must be measurable and clear definition. They should be reinforced and have assessment system and should be indicative for the real quality of works. Once an organization has analyzed its mission, identified all its stakeholders, and defined its goals, it needs a way to measure progress toward those goals. Key Performance Indicators are those measurements. Key Performance Indicators are quantifiable measurements, agreed to beforehand, that reflect the critical success factors of an organization. They will differ depending on the organization. The purpose of the KPI is to enable measurement of project and organizational performance throughout the construction industry. This information can then be used for benchmarking purposes, and will be a key component of any organization’s move towards achieving best  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

practice. Clients, for instance, assess the suitability of potential suppliers for a project, by asking them to provide information about how they perform against a range of indicators. Some information will also be available through the industry’s benchmarking initiatives, so clients can see how potential suppliers compare with the rest of the industry in a number of different areas. Construction companies will be able to benchmark their performance to enable them to identify strengths and weaknesses, and assess their ability to improve over time. When considered together, KPI help to identify potential strengths that allow firms to capitalize on opportunities available during strong demand, and potential problems that may be detrimental to their businesses. However, dated KPI will only be able to provide historical information that can be largely inconsequential for present assessment or, worse still, inaccurate or incongruent information that is misleading to decision-makers. Disparate or interfaced software systems from different manufacturers may require firms to undertake laborious data manipulation to compile KPI, and data transfer between different software systems could result in mistakes and inaccurate KPI calculations. 5.3 Organize some value engineering meeting by the project manager provide a chance for the manager to assessment his and his teams performance and think about how to add more value to the project. He can use this meeting to think of better method to build the building such as use cast in-situ concrete in the construction. This kind of meetings helps everyone to think more. The value engineering is a systematic and structured approach, improves projects, products, and processes. Value engineering is used to analyze manufacturing products and processes, design and construction projects, and business and administrative processes. Value engineering helps achieve balance between required functions, performance, quality, safety, and scope with the cost and other resources necessary to accomplish those requirements. The proper balance results in the maximum value for the project. During design phase, the main objective is it to determine the multiple paths that can meet the requirements. For example, for value engineering initiative on projects may require you to  第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天):  第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天):  最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天):  逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費  所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

explore crashing or compressing a schedule as alternate paths. In the workshop, set an evaluation criterion so that you can evaluate each path against the criteria. The criteria are necessary for continuous improvement. To conduct a successful value engineering meeting, follow effective brainstorming practices.

    

第一次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 45 天): 第二次交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 60 天): 最後交完整功課日期(派發功課日期起 90 天): 逾期沒交功課者, 必須延遲到下次開課時, 重做新的 Assignment, 並收取$500 審核費 所有遞交的功課包括 Hard copy and Soft Copy (CD)

Sponsor Documents

Or use your account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Forgot your password?

Or register your new account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link to create a new password.

Back to log-in

Close