Protect Your Ip Assets

Protect your Intellectual Property Assets

by Estu Indrajaya Senior Partner of ESTU & COMPANY Patent & Trademark Attorney

Estu & Company
Advocates & Solicitors Patent & Trademark Attorneys

Jalan Gandaria IV No. 18 Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta 12130, Indonesia Tel. +62 21 724 6643; 726 4687; 726 2287 +62 21 711 13861 (Patent Dept.) +62 21 711 13862 (Trademark & Design Dept.) +62 21 711 13863 (Search & Patent Maintenance Dept.) +62 21 711 13864 (Corporate & Commercial Dept.) +62 21 711 13865 (Litigation Dept.) Fax. +62 21 726 2504; 722 1642 E-mail : [email protected] http://www.estu.co.id

General Introduction Basically, Intellectual Property Rights protect all intellectual property that is the product of human intellect, or to properly value substantial investment in terms of time, energy and money in creating the intellectual product. Traditionally, Intellectual Property Rights consist of Copyright and Industrial Property Rights. Copyright is a creator’s rights to their original work in the areas of science, art and literature. Rights Related to Copyright give rights to parties that have made a contribution in disseminating the work, such as performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations. For Indonesia as developing country, the fact that developed countries control copyright in most software, video and music products popular in socalled ‘global culture’ inevitably result in problems of piracy and parallel import. In addition, legislator and judges are having trouble keeping up with the pace of technological advances (including the internet) which make copying easier and faster. The issue of reproducing material stored on an internet site by downloading and printing is difficult to accommodate within existing copyright laws. In term of Industrial Property Rights cover Patent, Trademark, Industrial Design and Design Lay-out of Integrated Circuits. Patents including Simple Patent/Utility Models are granted to protect intellectual property Inventors who create inventions in the field of technology which fulfill new criteria (novelty), contain inventive steps and are applicable in industry. The inventors are granted for a limited span, and their purpose to prevent all others, including individual inventors of the same technology, from using the invention for the time period of the patent, so that the inventor or the holder of the patent must publish the details of the invention, so that, at the termination of patent, the information is freely available. A debate that continues to rage furiously involves the patenting of medicines. On the one hand, drug companies may have little incentive to invent new medicine without patent protection, but in the other hand, patent protection often adds to the costs of medicine. In Indonesia with lower per capita incomes than in industrialized state is the real issue. New invention involving sophisticated technology are being created and some involving genetic engineering. Many countries including Indonesia do not protect GMOs (as product of genetic engineering) in the patent law. There are several factor for this, one of them is the perception that genetic engineering conflicts with community moral values. Sharing of materials between universities scientists and other institutions is the last issue. Scientists have traditionally shared research materials freely, but the access is not assured today. There Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) which are legal agreements (bailment) to govern the transfer of a tangible property between parties and in Indonesia its obligation is stipulated in Presidential Decree number 41 of 2006. Protection of Crop Varieties ( Plant Variety Rights) that granted the breeders right to whom are able develop crops which fulfill the criteria of being new, distinctively different, uniform and stable, for examples a new variety of rice which grows faster than ordinary rice, is more nutritious and is resistant to pests. In term of plant variety

protection, government has to take into account of Convention on Biological Diversity (BCD). The registration of trademark used to identify goods or services produced or distributed by a particular company entitles the holder of that right to the exclusive use of the trademark and hence to the right to restrain unauthorized use. Some trademarks heavily invested in through advertising and promotion is extremely valuable, for example, the Coca Cola trademark is worth an estimated USD 39 Billion. This is why companies go to great lengths to protect their exclusive use and why piracy, or fraudulent use of mark, is so common. Again, the internet has caused new problem in the field of trademarks. Problem arises when someone registers a domain name on the internet without the permission of the person who owns the trademark. Many domain names involve the names of well-known people and well-known trademark. Another problem within trademark issues is Geographical Indications that protects and adds value to existing markets for goods deriving special characteristics from their origin within the country. It is also a field within a country which can use the system to differentiate and identify desirable characteristics of their local products and prevent outsiders from free riding on the special reputation of the local product. Some of Indonesians geographical indications have been claimed by other country, such as Bali Coffee and Toraja Coffee, etc. Industrial Designs deal with the visual esthetical and new appearance of the commercial articles (products). An issue which has confounded many legislators over the world is the apparent overlap between design and copyright, because both regimes seek to protect artistic works. The big problem for Indonesia is when traditional design claimed by foreign company, such as, rattan furniture design, batik’s pattern. Integrated Circuit Layout Design (Design Lay-out of Topographic Integrated Circuits) is granted to protect designers for his original design in the form of placing things in three dimensions composed of elements of which at least one is an active element partly or entirely interconnected in a circuit that fulfils originality criteria. The increasing importance of and reliance upon computers in the modern world has led legislators to provide specific protection for design lay-outs of electronic circuits. The problem arises from counterfeiting IC used in computers equipment and many other electronic products, such as radios and televisions. The law of Trade Secret protects almost all types of commercial valuable information that information is developed, and kept, in confidential manner. There is no limitation on how long this information is protected, provided that it remains secret. There is no reasonable step from the owner to keep his/her information remains secret and this becomes the weakness of Trade Secret protection. The Republic of Indonesia is the world largest archipelago with approximately 17,000 islands, of which 70% are considered unpopulated. The country has 33 provinces and two special regions which perform more than 100 tribes/ indigenous community. These communities have their own wealth of medicinal practices, art, music, literature, and handicraft that need to be recognized as

collective rights of the community. Their contribution to cultural diversity, social and ecological harmony of mankind should be appreciated.

LAW ENFORCEMENT OF IPR Indonesia’s laws relating to the law enforcement of IPR appear adequate. However in practice, that it is often difficult to enforce. Law enforcers hardly have the same perception to interpret some legal terms of IP provisions. Police rarely have time to investigate IP cases because they have to deal other crimes. Some IP right holders also complain that judges hand down light penalties to person who conducts IP infringements Entrepreneurs and business societies do not want to take into account the importance of IP, even less to spent money for some expenditure to get the IP right that can protect their products since they assume such expenditure will reduce their expediting cash flow. 8 Indeed, because of our culture as communal society, some people consider that intellectual creations are common property, so use or take other person creation that is a form of their appreciation for the creation. In terms of exercising their options, IP right-holders more often choose criminal actions mainly because of their immediate effect in stopping the violation through seizure of the infringing products and the machines and tool used in the criminal activities. Another important reason is the deterrent effect in view of possible arrest during trial and imprisonment after conviction. In the efforts of administering and developing the intellectual property rights (IPR) system in the country, the Government of Indonesia has made a number of significant efforts. Those include the fulfillment of obligation under the TRIPS Agreement, the improvement of the IPR system, the improvement of public awareness on the importance of IPR, the fostering of closer and more productive cooperation with all related institutions and stakeholders including law enforcement agencies, and human capacity building. In order to fulfill the obligation under TRIPS Agreement, Government of Indonesia has already completed its IP legislation. Currently, Indonesia has seven IPR laws. Six of them administered by Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights (DGIPR), Ministry of Law and Human Rights, those are : • • • • • • Law No. 30 of 2000 regarding Trade Secret; Law No. 31 of 2000 regarding Industrial Design; Law No. 32 of 2000 regarding Lay-out Design of Integrated Circuit; Law No. 14 of 2001 regarding Patents; Law No. 15 of 2001 regarding Marks; Law No. 19 of 2002 regarding Copyrights;

And one law that administered by Ministry of Agriculture is law No. 29 of 2000 regarding Plant Variety. And in the regard of IPR enforcement, these new laws have some main features among others:

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Recognizing the Commercial Courts as the judicial authorities in handling IPR civil cases, including its new procedural law like provisional decision (injunction) and the time period to settle IPR civil cases; Recognizing arbitration or any other alternative disputes resolutions for IPR disputes settlement; Recognizing a minimum sanction and/or fine for IPR infringer; Increasing the amount of maximum sanction and/or fine for IPR infringer.

However, there are also some IPR provisions regulated in other laws like: • Law No. 10 of 1995 Regarding Customs (Chapter X, Art. 53 – 64). This law is administered by Directorate General of Customs and Excise, Ministry of Finance. • Law no. 18 of 2002 regarding the National System of Research Development and Application of Science and Technology. (Art. 13 (2, 3, and 4); Art. 16 (1), Art. 23 (1 and 2), and Art. 24 (3 and 4). This law is administered by The Office of State Minister for Research and Technology. Membership in International Bodies Indonesia has been an active participant in many recent international development in IP law as follows: a. WTO: Member and Signatory to TRIPS Agreement; b. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property Rights; c. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works; d. Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT ) e. WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) f. Member of the Asia Pasific Economic Cooperation ( APEC) and its IPR Expert Group (IPEG) g. Member of the Association of South East Asia Nation (ASEAN) and Its Working Group on IP.

IP Registrations IPR applications are conducted by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIPR) of Ministry of Justice and Human Rights in Tangerang, Banten, except for Plant Variety Right application goes directly to the Office of Plant Variety Protection in Jakarta.

THE PRIORITY RIGHT In patent, industrial design rights and trademark laws, a priority right or right of priority is a time-limited right, triggered by the first filing of an application for a patent, an industrial design or a trademark respectively. The priority right belongs to the applicant or his successor in title and allows him to file a subsequent application in another country for the same invention, design or trademark and benefit, for this subsequent application, from the date of filing of the first application for the examination

of certain requirements. When filing the subsequent application, the applicant must "claim the priority" of the first application in order to make use of the right of priority. The period of priority, i.e. the period during which the priority right exists, is usually 6 months for industrial designs and trademarks and 12 months for patents and utility models. The period of priority is often referred to as the "priority year" for patents and utility models. In patent law, when a priority is validly claimed, the date of filing of the first application, called the "priority date", is considered to be the "effective date of filing" for the examination of novelty and inventive step or non-obviousness for the subsequent application claiming the priority of the first application. In other words, the prior art which is taken into account for examining the novelty and inventive step or nonobviousness of the invention claimed in the subsequent application would not be everything made available to the public before the filing date (of the subsequent application) but everything made available to the public before the priority date, i.e. the date of filing of the first application

TRADEMARK REGISTRATON

1. CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES According to the Mark Law, goods and services divided into 45 classes Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8 Class 9 Class 10 Class 11 Class 12 Class 13 Class 14 Class 15 Class 16 Class 17 Class 18 Class 19 Class 20 Class 21 Class 22 Class 23 Class 24 Class 25 Class 26 Class 27 Class 28 Class 29 Class 30 Class 31 Class 32 Class 33 Class 34 Class 35 Class 36 Class 37 Class 38 Chemicals. Paints, varnishes, lacquers. Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use. Industrial oils and greases. Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations. Common metals and their alloys Machines and machine tools. Hand tools and implements (hand-operated). Scientific, nautical, and surveying apparatus and instruments Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments. Apparatus for lighting, heating, and steam generating. Vehicles. Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosives; fireworks. Precious metals. Musical instruments. Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials. Rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, and mica. Leather and imitations of leather, and goods made of these materials. Building materials (non-metallic). Furniture, mirrors, picture frames. Household or kitchen utensils and containers. Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails, sacks and bags. Yarns and threads, for textile use. Textiles and textile goods. Clothing, footwear, headgear. Lace and embroidery, ribbons and braid. Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, and linoleum.. Games and playthings; gymnastic and sporting articles. Meat, fish, poultry and game. Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, artificial coffee. Agricultural, horticultural and forestry products and grains. Beers. Alcoholic beverages (except beers). Tobacco. Advertising. Insurance. Building construction services. Telecommunications.

Class 39 Class 40 Class 41 Class 42 Class 43 Class 44 Class 45

Transport. Treatment of materials. Education. Scientific and technological services. Services for providing food and drink. Medical services. Personal and social services.

The classification established under the Nice Agreement, consisting of a classification of goods and services for the purposes of registering trademarks and service marks. The classes and some goods/services belonging to them are shown below. You can obtain the whole goods and services covered under the respective classes at: http://www.wipo.int/classifications/fulltext/nice8/enmain.htm.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR FILING AN APPLICATION FOR THE MARK REGISTRATION For Indonesian citizenship (Individual) a. Name and complete address of the applicant. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the applicant on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. c. Statement on Ownership of the Mark duly signed by the applicant on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.; d. Specimen of the mark; e. List of the goods or services to be covered by the application. Description of the function will be needed if the name of good is highly technical. f. Copy of ID Card (KTP)/Passport of the applicant g. Copy of ID Tax (NPWP) For Indonesian legal entity (PT, CV, Yayasan and Firma) a. Name and complete address of the company. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the President Director/Director of the company on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. c. Statement on Ownership of the Mark duly signed by by the President Director/Director of company on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.; d. Specimen of the mark; e. List of the goods or services to be covered by the application. Description of the function will be needed if the name of good is highly technical. f. Copy of Article of Association (Akte pendirian) and its Amendment Act (if any) g. Copy of ID Card (KTP)/Passport of the President Director/Director h. Copy of ID Tax (NPWP) of Company

For Foreigner or Foreign legal entity a. Name, nationality and complete address of the applicant/company b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the applicant or the authorized officer of the company (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) c. Statement on Ownership of the Mark duly signed by the applicant or the authorized officer of company (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) d. Specimen of the mark; e. List of the goods or services to be covered by the application. Description of the function will be needed if the name of good is highly technical. Note : 1. Please be informed that the specimen of the mark in Black and White provide a wider protection, since there is no any specific colors and in other words we claim all colors. If we file the trademark application in Black and White, we can use the mark in any colors without have to file a new trademark application in the future. 2. Logo and word mark may be filed jointly in one application only. We can still claim the infringer if they imitate only one of logo or word mark.

3. APPLICATION FOR THE MARK REGISTRATION UNDER THE PRIORITY RIGHT An application for registration of a mark under a priority right as regulated by Paris Convention regarding the protection of marks to which the Republic of Indonesia adheres must be submitted within a period of at the latest 6 (six) months from the date of receipt of the application for registration of the mark submitted for the first time in another country, which also adheres to said convention or in country member of World Trade Organization (WTO).

4. PROCEDURE OF APPLICATION FOR THE MARK REGISTRATION The procedures for a mark registration according to the Mark Law are as follows : a. Preliminary Search Basically, preliminary search is not compulsory to be conducted. However, the preliminary search is conducted and important matter to determine : - if someone has already registered your trademark mark - registrability and availability to avoid the rejection from the Trademark Office Registrability A Mark shall not be registered if it contains one of the following elements:

a. Contradicting with the prevailing rules and regulation, morality of religion, or public order; b. Having no distinguishing features; c. Having become public property; or d. Constituting information or related to the goods or services for which registration is requested. Availability The trademark application shall be refused by the Directorate General if the relevant Mark: a. has a similarity in its essential part or in its entirety with a Mark owned by another party which has previously been registered for the same kind of goods and/or services. b. has a similarity in its essential part or in its entirety with a well-known Mark owned by another party for the same kind of goods and/or services. This provision is also applicable to goods and/or services which are not of the same kind, provided that it fulfils certain conditions that will be further regulated by Government Regulation. c. has a similarity in its essential part or in its entirety with a known geographical indication. d. it constitutes or resembles with the name of a famous person, photograph, or the name of a legal entity belonging to another party, except with a written consent of the entitled party; e. it constitutes an imitation or resembles with a name or abbreviation of a name, flag or coat of arms or a symbol, or an emblem of a state, or of a national or international institution, except with a written consent of the competent authority; f. it constitutes an imitation or resembles with an official sign or seal or stamp used by a state or a government institution, except with a written consent of the competent authority. There are several meanings on similarity in the legal term of Trademark Law, namely: 1. Similarity in sound TOYOTA Dunhill SAMPOERNA TOYOKA DAN HILL SEMPURNA

2. Similarity in meanings KING STAR RAJA BINTANG

3. Similarity in appearance

4. Similarity in idea

So for businessmen, a trademark is an important thing. A trademark can be interpreted in many aspects and it depends on which side it is being viewed. Therefore it is common if a trademark is potentially could create the conflict of law. A trademark can make a person becomes rich and wealthy person but on the opposite it could also downgrade and make a person becomes very poor. The conflict brought to the Commercial Court is one of the examples where a person files a lawsuit to the other because the person in the opinion that his/her trademark is being infringed by the other party and consequently it damages the products or services offered by the said person. In many cases the reason for the lawsuits are based on the “existence of basic or whole similarity “between one party’s products to others. However in fact it is also difficult for us to determine whether a specific trademark is similar with the other or not.

b. Filing the application for the registration; The official filing receipt will be issued by the Trademark Office at the time of filing. c. Formal examination for determining the filing date; d. Within a period of at the latest 30 (thirty) days after the date of receipt of an application for registration of a mark, the Mark Office shall conduct the substantive examination to determine registrability and availability, shall be completed within a period of at the latest 9 (nine) months e. In case of the examiner reporting the substantive examination that the application can be approved to be registered, upon approval from Director General, the application will be published in the Official Gazette. f. Otherwise, if the examiner reporting the substantive examination that the application can not be registered or rejected upon approval from Director General, this matter will be informed to the applicant or its proxy with mentioning its reason. Within 30 (thirty) days calculated as of the date of rejection letter, the applicant or its proxy can file the objection or rebuttals with mentioning its reason. g. Within 10 (ten) days calculated as of the date of approval, the Mark Office will publish the application will be published in the Official Gazette. h. The announcement shall last for 3 (three) months and shall be made by placement in the Official Gazette, which is published periodically by the Mark Office. During the period of announcement, any person or legal entity may submit objections to an application for registration of the mark concerned, in writing to the Mark Office. Objections as the above may be submitted where there is sufficient reason accompanied by evidence that the mark which registration is requested is a mark which on the basis of the Mark Law is unregistrable or must be rejected. The Mark Office shall use the objections and rebuttals as additional material in the reexamination of the application for registration of the mark concerned. i. Where the Mark Examiner concludes that an application for registration of a mark can be approved, the Mark Office shall : a. assigning the number of registration; b. register the mark in the General Register of Marks; c. issue a Mark Certificate which signed by the Director of Mark; and d. announce said registration in the Official Report of Marks.

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A Mark Certificate shall be granted to the person or legal entity which submitted an application for registration of a mark within period at the latest 30 (thirty) days as from the date on which said mark is registered in the General Register of Marks.

Note: Please be informed that time for filing the above trademark application may take approx. 14 months calculated as from the filing date. But, in the practice the process for filing trademark application from filing application until the issuance of certificate may take approx. 24 months or 2 years. This matter caused the limitation the number of trademark examiners at the Indonesian Trademark Office. For your information, based on the statistic of Indonesian Trademark Office, calculated as from January 2008 to May 2008 there are 19.771 new trademark applications. (please see attachments). Meanwhile, the number of trademark examiners in the Indonesian Trademark Office are not more than 50 examiners.

5. DURATION A registered mark shall have legal protection for a period of 10 (ten) years retroactive to the date of receipt of the registration of the mark concerned. Upon the request of a mark owner, the period of protection of a registered mark may be renewed for additional periods of the same duration as long as it is still being used.

6. COST (in ID Rupiah) Item Application for registration of a trademark/ service mark in one class Preliminary search for prior conflicting registration/ application to determine availability and/ or registrability for one mark in one class Issuance of Trademark Certificate Official Fee (IDR) 450.000

50.000 50.000

DESIGN REGISTRATION

1. INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN The Indonesian Design Law adopt the International Classification on Industrial Design (same as the International Classification of Design under the Locarno Agreement). Class 1: Class 2: Class 3: Class 4: Class 5: Class 6: Class 7: Class 8: Class 9: Class 10: Class 11: Class 12: Class 13: Class 14: Class 15: Class 16: Class 17: Class 18: Class 19: Class 20: Class 21: Class 22: Class 23: Class 24: Class 25: Class 26: Class 27: Class 28: Class 29: Class 30: Class 31: Class 99: Foodstuffs Articles of clothing and haberdashery Travel goods, cases, parasols and personal belongings, not elsewhere specified Brush ware Textile piece goods, artificial and natural sheet material Furnishing Household goods, not elsewhere specified Tools and hardware Packages and containers for the transport or handling of goods Clocks and watches and other measuring instruments, checking and signaling instruments Articles of adornment Means of transport or hoisting Equipment for production, distribution or transformation of electricity Recording, communication or information retrieval equipment Machines, not elsewhere specified Photographic, cinematographic and optical apparatus Musical instruments Printing and office machinery Stationery and office equipment, artists' and teaching materials Sales and advertising equipment, signs Games, toys, tents and sports goods Arms, pyrotechnic articles, articles for hunting, fishing and pest killing Fluid distribution equipment, sanitary, heating, ventilation and airconditioning equipment, solid fuel Medical and laboratory equipment Building units and construction elements Lighting apparatus Tobacco and smokers' supplies Pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, toilet articles and apparatus Devices and equipment against fire hazards, for accident prevention and for rescue Articles for the care and handling of animals Machines and appliances for preparing food or drink not elsewhere specified Miscellaneous

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR FILING AN APPLICATION FOR THE DESIGN REGISTRATION For Indonesian citizenship (Individual) a. Name and complete address of the applicant. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the applicant on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. c. Statement on Ownership of the Design duly signed by the applicant on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. d. Drawings or photographs as the representation of design and description of the industrial design being applied for registration in 4 (four) sets. e. Copy of ID Card (KTP)/Passport of the applicant f. Copy of ID Tax (NPWP) For Indonesian legal entity (PT, CV, Yayasan and Firma) a. Name and complete address of the company. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the President Director/Director of the company on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. c. Statement on Ownership of the Design duly signed by by the President Director/Director of company on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.; d. Assignment duly signed by the designer(s) and the applicant which has been legalized by the Notary Public e. Drawings or photographs as the representation of design and description of the industrial design being applied for registration in 4 (four) sets. f. Copy of Article of Association (Akte pendirian) and its Amendment Act (if any) g. Copy of ID Card (KTP)/Passport of the President Director/Director h. Copy of ID Tax (NPWP) of Company For Foreigner (Individual) a. Name, nationality and complete address of the applicant. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the applicant (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) c. Statement on Ownership of the Design duly signed by the applicant (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) d. Drawings or photographs as the representation of design and description of the industrial design being applied for registration in 4 (four) sets. e. The name of the state and the date of the first application for registration of the industrial design, where the application for registration is submitted under the priority right. f. An application for the industrial design registration under a priority right must completed the priority document, which must be submitted at the latest within 3 (three) months after expiry date of the priority right; In case the priority convention

document is prepared in another language except English, you shall also send us the English translation (informal translation is also available) thereof; For Foreign legal entity a. Name, nationality and complete address of the company. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the authorized officer of the company (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) c. Statement on Ownership of the Design duly signed by the authorized officer of company (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) d. Assignment duly signed by the designer(s) and the applicant which has been legalized by the Notary Public e. The name of the state and the date of the first application for registration of the design, where the application for registration is submitted under the priority right. f. An application for the design registration under a priority right must completed the priority document, which must be submitted at the latest within 3 (three) months after expiry date of the priority right; In case the priority convention document is prepared in another language except English, you shall also send us the English translation (informal translation is also available) thereof;

3. PROCEDURE OF APPLICATION FOR THE DESIGN REGISTRATION The procedures for a design registration according to the Design Law are as follows : Filing the application; Formal examination for determining the filing date; Within a period of at the latest 14 (fourteen) days after the date of receipt of an application for registration of industrial design, the Industrial Design Office shall announce the application for registration of industrial design that has fulfilled the requirements. The publication shall last for 3 (three) months and shall be made by placement in the Official Report on Industrial Design, which is published periodically by the Industrial Design Office. During the period of publication, any person or legal entity may submit objections to an application for registration of the industrial design concerned, in writing to the Industrial Design Office. Objections as the above may be submitted where there is sufficient reason accompanied by evidence that the mark which registration is requested is a mark which on the basis of the Industrial Design Law is unregistrable or must be rejected. Where there is an objection against an application as mentioned above, the examiner shall conduct a substantive examination. The Directorate General shall use the objection and the counter that had been submitted as material for consideration in examining whether to grant or to refuse the application.

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The Directorate General shall be obligated to produce a decision whether to approve or to refuse the objection as mentioned above within a period of 6 (six) months at the latest commencing from the date of the termination of the publication period. The decision of the Directorate General shall be notified in writing to the applicant or his proxy at the latest 30 (thirty) days from the date issue of the decision. Meanwhile, where there is no objection against an application until the termination of the publication period, the Directorate General shall issue and grant a Certificate of Industrial Design at the latest 30 (thirty) days from the date of termination of the publication period. The Certificate of Industrial Design shall be effective as of the filing date.

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5. DURATION The protection of the Right to Industrial Design shall be granted for 10 (ten) years commencing from the filing date. The date of commencement of the protection period shall be recorded in the General Register of Industrial Designs and announced in the Official Gazette of Industrial Designs.

6. COST (in ID Rupiah) Item Application for registration of a design in one class Issuance of Design Certificate Official Fee (IDR) 600.000 50.000

7. CRIMINAL PROVISIONS (Article 54 of Industrial Design Law No. 31 of 2000) Any person who deliberately and without rights commits any acts as referred to in Article 9 shall be shall be sentenced to imprisonment of at most 7 (seven) years and/or a fine of at most Rp. 300,000,000 (three hundred million Rupiah). Any person who deliberately commits any acts as referred to in Article 8, Article 23 or Article 32 shall be sentenced to imprisonment of at most 1 (one) year and/or a fine of at most Rp. 45,000,000 (forty five million Rupiah). The criminal action as mentioned above shall constitute offense that warrants complaint. ______

COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION Copyright in Indonesia is regulated in the Law No. 19 of 2002 concerning Copyright. The copyright application is to be submitted to the Copyright Office, Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights, Department of Law and Human Rights of Republic of Indonesia. Copyright arises automatically when a creation is fixed in a tangible form, the Copyright Law provides for a system of voluntary registration. The registration of a copyright confers on the owner the legal presumption that the registrant is the creator of the work, against which proof may be submitted through the Courts. The rights of the creator do not depend upon registration.

Copyright shall mean the exclusive right of an Author or a Copyright Holder to publish or reproduce his/her creation, which emerges automatically after the creation of the creation without prejudice to restrictions pursuant to the prevailing laws and regulations. Author shall mean a person or several persons jointly upon whose inspiration a Creation is produced, based on the intellectual ability, imagination, dexterity, skill or expertise manifested in a distinctive form and is of a personal nature. Copyright Holder shall mean the Author as the Owner of the Copyright, or any person who receives the right from the Author, or any other person who subsequently receives the right from the aforesaid person. Publication shall mean the reading, broadcasting, exhibition, sale, distribution or dissemination of a Creation, by utilizing whatever means including the Internet, or by any manner so that such Creation is capable of being read, heard or seen by any other person. Reproduction means to increase the number of a Creation, either as a whole or its substantial parts using either the same or different material, including the changing of the form or mode of a creation permanently or temporarily. Creation that is protected by the Copyright Law shall be the creation in the field of science, arts and literature which includes: a. books, computer programs, pamphlets, typographical arrangement of published creations, and all other written creations; b. sermons, lecturers, addresses and other creations of utterance; c. visual aid made for educational and scientific purposes; d. songs or music with or without lyrics; e. dramas, musical dramas, dances, choreographic creations, puppet shows, pantomimes; f. all forms of art, such as paintings, drawings, engravings, calligraphy, carvings, sculptures, collage and applied arts; g. architecture;

h. i. j. k. l.

maps; batik art; photography; cinematographic creations; translations, interpretations, adaptations, anthologies, data-base and other creations as a result of changing of form of mode.

Computer Program shall mean a collection of instructions manifested in the form of a language, codes, diagrams, or any other forms, which when combined with media that can be read by computers will be able to make computers work to execute certain functions or to obtain specific results, including the preparation in designing the instructions. NEIGHBORING RIGHTS “Neighboring rights” or the protection of performers, producers of sound recordings and broadcasting institutions, are also provided in the Copyright Law. A 50-year protection period is given to the work of a performer and a producer of sound recording and 20 years protection is given to programs that are broadcast by a broadcasting institution. The term of protection commences from the date of first performance, the end of the recording process or the date on which the program is first broadcast, respectively. All neighboring rights holders have an exclusive right to approve or prohibit any third party from publishing and/or duplicating their work for commercial purposes. RENTAL RIGHTS The author or the copyright owner of a film or a computer program, and the producer of a sound recording, all have the right to prohibit another party from commercially renting their work. Equally, they also have the right to give a license to another party to permit him to publish and/or to reproduce the work. The license must be in the form of a written agreement with the terms and condition s agreed by the copyright owner and the licensee. The copyright owner of a film or computer program also has the right to grant a license for the commercial use of his work by a third party. Copyright to Creations of Unknown Authors (Article 10 of the Copyright Law) The State shall hold the Copyright for works from prehistoric remains, historical and other national cultural objects. The State shall hold the Copyright for folklores and works of popular culture that are commonly owned, such as stories, legends, folk tales, epics, songs, handicrafts, choreography, dances, calligraphies and other artistic works. To publish or reproduce the works as referred to in paragraph (2), any person who is not the citizen of Indonesia shall, firstly, seek permission from the institution related to the matter.

COPYRIGHT VALIDITY (Article 29 of the Copyright Law) The Copyright on: a. books, pamphlets, and all other written works; b. dramas, musical dramas, dances, choreographic works; c. all forms of arts, such as paintings, engravings, sculptures; d. batik arts; e. songs or music with or without lyrics; f. architecture; g. sermons, lecturers, addresses and other works of utterance; h. visual aids for educational and scientific purposes; i. maps; j. translations, interpretations, adaptations, anthologies shall be valid for the life of the Author and 50 (fifty) years after his death. When a Work as mentioned above is jointly owned by 2 (two) persons or more, the Copyright shall be valid for the life of the longest surviving Author and shall continue until 50 (fifty) years after the death of the said longest surviving Author. The Copyright on: a. computer programs; b. cinematographic works; c. photographic works; d. data-bases; and e. works resulting from adaptations shall be valid for 50 (fifty) years as of the first publication. The Copyright on typographical arrangement of a published work shall be valid for 50 (fifty) years as of the first publication of the Work. The Copyright on creations as mentioned above which are owned or held by a legal body, shall be valid for 50 (fifty) years as of from the first publication.

REQUIREMENTS FOR FILING A COPYRIGHT APPLICATION For Indonesian citizenship (Individual) a. Name and complete address of the applicant. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the applicant on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. c. Statement on Ownership of the Creation duly signed by the applicant on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. d. Physical sample or drawings or photographs and description of the creation being applied for registration in 4 (four) sets; e. Date and place of first publication of creation in Indonesia. f. Copy of ID Card (KTP)/Passport of the applicant g. Copy of ID Tax (NPWP)

For Indonesian legal entity (PT, CV, Yayasan and Firma) a. Name and complete address of the company. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the President Director/Director of the company on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. c. Statement on Ownership of the Creation duly signed by by the President Director/Director of company on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.; d. Assignment duly signed by the author(s) and the applicant which has been legalized by the Notary Public e. Physical sample or drawings or photographs and description of the creation being applied for registration in 4 (four) sets; f. Date and place of first publication of creation in Indonesia. g. Copy of Article of Association (Akte Pendirian) and its Amendment Act (if any) h. Copy of ID Card (KTP)/Passport of the President Director/Director i. Copy of ID Tax (NPWP) of Company For Foreigner (Individual) a. Name, nationality and complete address of the applicant. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the applicant (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) c. Statement on Ownership of the Creation duly signed by the applicant (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) d. Physical sample or drawings or photographs and description of the creation being applied for registration in 4 (four) sets; e. Date and place of first publication of creation in Indonesia. For Foreign legal entity a. Name, nationality and complete address of the company. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the authorized officer of the company (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) c. Statement on Ownership of the Creation duly signed by the authorized officer of company (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) d. Assignment duly signed by the author(s) and the applicant which has been legalized by the Notary Public e. Physical sample or drawings or photographs and description of the creation being applied for registration in 4 (four) sets; f. Date and place of first publication of creation in Indonesia. COST (in ID Rupiah) Item Application for registration of a creation Issuance of Copyright Certificate Official Fee (IDR) 75.000 50.000

PATENT APPLICATION Patent and Petty Patent (Utility Model) regulated in the Law No. 6 of 1989 on Patent as revised by the Law No. 13 of 1997 and the Law No. 14 of 2001. The patent application shall be submitted to the Patent Office, Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights, Department of Law and Human Right of Republic of Indonesia. Patent is a special right granted by the state to an inventor for his/her invention in the field of technology, for a certain period he/she personally executes his/her invention or gives his/her approval to an other person to execute it. Utility Model (Petty Patent) shall be granted by the state for each invention constituting a new product or process having the quality of a simple invention but having a practical usage value due to the form its configuration, construction or component. Invention shall be the activities in solving certain problems in the field of technology, which may be in form of a process or a product, or an improvement and development of a process or a product. Inventor shall be a person or several person together conducting activities producing an invention. Patent Holder shall be an inventor as the owner of a patent or a person who has received that right from the owner of a patent, or another person who has further received the right from the above mentioned person, which is registered in the General Register of Patents. Patents are given to new inventions, which contain inventive step and can be applied in the industry. Unless proven otherwise, considered as inventors are those who have for the first time filed an application for a patent. Meanwhile, the novelty requirement for Utility Model (Petty Patent) is limited for the simple invention which executed in Indonesia. A person who executes an invention at the time an application for patent is being filed for a similar invention, shall still have the right to execute the invention as first inventor, even when to the similar invention a patent will subsequently be granted. The provisions as above mentioned shall not apply when the person executing the invention is conducting it by using the knowledge about the invention concerned from descriptions, pictures, samples, or other information about the invention for which an application for a patent was filed. A person executing an invention as above mentioned may be recognized as the first inventor when after the granting of a patent to the similar invention this person files an application for a patent to the Patent Office.

UNPATENTABLE INVENTIONS An invention shall be considered new, when at the time the application for a patent was filed said invention is not same or not constitutes the part of the prior invention The prior invention as mentioned above is an invention on or before : a. filing date of patent application, or b. receiving date of patent application with the priority right if patent application filed with the priority right, has been published in Indonesia or outside Indonesia in a publication in a manner which enables an expert to use said invention or has been published in Indonesia through an oral explanation, or through a demonstration as to its use or in any other manner, so that it enables an expert to use said invention. An invention shall not be considered as having been announced when within a period of maximum 6 (six) months prior to filing an application for a patent : The invention has been displayed in an official, or recognized as official, international exhibition in Indonesia or abroad, or in an official, or recognized as official, national exhibition in Indonesia. - The invention is already used in Indonesia by its inventor in the framework of an experiment for research and development purposes.

An invention shall also not be considered as having been announced when within a period of 12 (twelve) months prior to filing an application for a patent, apparently there is any other person publish by way of infringing obligation to keep confidential of said invention. Patents shall not be granted to : - Inventions concerning a process or a product, the announcement and utilization or execution of which are in contravention with the legislative regulations in force, the public order or decency; - Inventions concerning methods of examination, care, treatment and surgery applied to humans and animals, but without covering any products whatsoever, used or related to the methods concerned; - Inventions concerning theories and methods in the field of science and mathematics.

DURATION Patents shall be granted for a period of 20 (twenty) years, calculated as of the date of receiving the patent application, and the Patent period can not be extended. Meanwhile, Petty Patent/Utility Model can be granted for a period of 10 (ten) years, calculated as of the date of receiving the Utility Model application, and the Utility Model period also can not be extended.

PROCEDURE OF PATENT APPLICATION The procedures for patent application according to the patent law are as follows : Filing the application; Formal examination for determining the filing date; Official Publication of the application for a patent shall last for 6 (six) months and the publication shall be made at the latest : 18 (eighteen) months after the filing date; 18 (eighteen) months after the filing date of the first patent application, in case of an application for a patent with the priority right. During the period of publication everyone may, after having seen the announcement of the application for a patent, submit a written opinion or objection on the application for the patent concerned by mentioning the reasons thereof. The request for substantive examination which must be submitted at the latest within thirty six (36) months as of the filing date; The Patent Office must give a decision to approve the patent application and consequently, grant a patent or to reject it, within at the latest 36 (thirty six) months, calculated as of the filing date of the request for a substantive examination has been received. If the report on the results of the examination, conducted by the Patent Examiner on the invention, for which an application for a patent has been filed, comes to the conclusion, that the invention concerned is in accordance with the provision of Patent Law as well as the other provisions of the Patent Law, then the Patent Office shall officially issue a Patent Certificate for the invention concerned.

-

The patent which have been issued, shall be recorded in the General Register of Patents, and published in the Official Gazette of Patents. Patent shall come into force on the date they have been granted and shall have a retroactive effect as of the date of receiving the application for a patent.

APPLICATION FOR APPEAL An application for appeal may be submitted against the rejection of an application for a patent, related to the reasons and basis of consideration with regard to matters which are substantive by nature. The application for an appeal shall be submitted in writing by the person who has filed the application for a patent or its proxy, to the Patent Appeal Commission. The Patent Appeal Commission is a special body, chaired permanently by a chairman concurrently member and is within the Department of Justice. The application for an appeal must be submitted at the latest within a period of three (3) months calculated as of the date of the rejection notification of the application for a patent, and The decision of the Patent Appeal Commission on the application for an appeal shall be given at the latest within twelve (12) months as of the date of receiving the application for an appeal, and the decision of the Patent Appeal Commission shall be final.

PRIORITY RIGHT The application for a patent filed on the basis of priority right as provided for in international convention for the protection of patents, which is adhered to by the Republic of Indonesia, must be submitted within twelve (12) months as of the filing date which is for the first time received in any country, which is also a participant of the convention concerned.

REQUIREMENTS APPLICATIONS

FOR

FILING

A

PATENT

AND

PETTY

PATENT

For Indonesian citizenship (Individual) a. Name and complete address of the applicant. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the applicant on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. c. Descriptions, claims, abstract of the invention and formal drawings (if the descriptions contains the drawings) d. Copy of ID Card (KTP)/Passport of the applicant e. Copy of ID Tax (NPWP) For Indonesian legal entity (PT, CV, Yayasan and Firma) a. Name and complete address of the company. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the President Director/Director of the company on duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-. c. Assignment duly signed by the inventor(s) and the applicant which has been legalized by the Notary Public d. Descriptions, claims, abstract of the invention and formal drawings (if the descriptions contains the drawings) e. Copy of Article of Association (Akte Pendirian) and its Amendment Act (if any) f. Copy of ID Card (KTP)/Passport of the President Director/Director g. Copy of ID Tax (NPWP) of Company For Foreigner (Individual) a. Name, nationality and complete address of the applicant. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the applicant (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) c. Descriptions, claims, abstract of the invention and formal drawings (if the descriptions contains the drawings) d. Certified copies of Priority Documents and its translation in English (if filed with the priority right).

For Foreign legal entity a. Name, nationality and complete address of the company. b. Power of Attorney (if filed through the proxy) duly signed by the authorized officer of the company (without duty stamp (meterai) Rp. 6.000,-.) c. Assignment duly signed by the inventor(s) and the applicant which has been legalized by the Notary Public d. Descriptions, claims, abstract of the invention and formal drawings (if the descriptions contains the drawings) e. Certified copies of Priority Documents and its translation in English (if filed with the priority right).

REQUIREMENTS FOR FILING A PCT PATENT APPLICATION FOR ENTRY INTO THE NATIONAL PHASE 1. Power of Attorney duly signed by the applicant. No legalization is necessary; 2. Assignment (if any) duly notarized by the Notary Public; 3. Copy of International Publication. Dead line for filing the original documents (calculated as from the filing date) : 1. Power of Attorney 2. Assignment 2 weeks 3 months

Note : A patent description might include:
• • • • • • • • • •

Descriptive title and scope of the invention The significance or importance of the invention and its intended use. Terminology and definitions to clarify the meanings of the invention Test methods for measuring all specified characteristics Material requirements: physical, mechanical, electrical, chemical, etc. Targets and tolerances. Performance requirements. Targets and tolerances. Drawings, photographs, or technical illustrations Safety considerations and requirements Environmental considerations and requirements Quality requirements, Sampling (statistics), inspections, acceptance criteria

Patent claims are usually in the form of a series of numbered expressions, or more precisely noun phrases, following the description of the invention in a patent or patent

application, and define, in technical terms, the extent of the protection conferred by a patent or by a patent application. They are of the utmost importance both during prosecution and litigation. For instance, a claim could read:
• • •

"An apparatus for catching mice, comprising a base member for placement on a flat surface, a spring member..." "A chemical for cleaning windows, comprising approximately 10–15% ammonia, ..." "Method for computing future life expectancies, the method comprising gathering personal data including X, Y, Z, ..."

In order to exclude someone from using a patented invention in a court, the patent owner, or patentee, needs to demonstrate that what the other person is using falls within the scope of a claim of the patent. Therefore, it is more valuable to obtain claims that include the minimal set of limitations that differentiate an invention over what came before, i.e. the so-called prior art. On the other hand, the fewer the limitations in a claim, the more likely it is that the claim will cover or "read on" what came before and be rejected during examination or found to be invalid at a later time for lack of novelty. There are two basic types of claims:
• •

the independent claims, which stand on their own, and the dependent claims, which depend on a single claim or on several claims and generally express particular embodiments as fall-back positions. The expressions "in one embodiment", "in a preferred embodiment", "in a particular embodiment", "in an advantageous embodiment" or the like often appear in the description of patent applications and are used to introduce a particular implementation or method of carrying out the invention. These embodiments usually correspond to a dependent claim or could form the basis of a dependent claim. Each dependent claim is, by law, more narrow than the independent claim upon which it depends. Accordingly, it might appear that there would be little purpose to the dependent claim. In reality, however, there are at least three very important advantages to the patent applicant in submitting and obtaining a full string of dependent claims:
•

Clarification of the independent claim language: Independent claims are typically written with very broad terms, to avoid permitting competitors to circumvent the claim by altering some aspect of the basic design. But when a broad term is used, it may raise a question as to the scope of the term itself. For example, does a "base" include a "set of legs"? A dependent claim, including the phrase, "wherein said base comprises a set of legs," if allowed by the patent examiner, clarifies that it does. In practice, dependent claims are often used to home in on the inventor's preferred embodiment of the invention (e.g., the actual product design that the inventor intends to use.) The independent claim broadly describes the

invention; dependent claim #1 describes the invention in a narrower aspect that more specifically describes the preferred embodiment; dependent claim #2 is narrower still; etc.
•

Possible invalidity of base claim: It is impossible to know, when beginning the application process and even at the time of patent issuance, if a patent claim is valid. This is because any publication dated a year or more before the application filing date and published anywhere on earth in any language can invalidate the claim (U.S. and Canada practice [but other countries are even stricter]). As it is impossible to gain an absolute and complete knowledge of every publication on earth, there is always some uncertainty. If the independent claim is determined to be invalid, however, a dependent claim may nevertheless survive, and may still be broad enough to bar competitors from valuable commercial territory. Claim differentiation: In United States patent law, under the doctrine of claim differentiation, each claim is presumed to cover a different aspect of the invention than in each other claim. This doctrine may be relied upon to help maintain broad claim scope in the case where a claim standing alone might be construed as having either a broad or a narrow interpretation. If a dependent claim is added that depends from this "parent" claim but is specifically drawn to the narrower interpretation, then the parent claim must necessarily be different - i.e., it must be the broader interpretation. As construed in the courts, the doctrine of claim differentiation dictates that it would be "improper for the courts to read into an independent claim a limitation explicitly set forth in a dependent claim."Environmental Designs Lid. v. Union Oil Co. of California, 713 F.2d , 699 (1984).. This means that if an independent claim recites a chair with a plurality of legs, and a dependent claim depending from the independent recites a chair with 4 legs, the independent claim is not limited to the material recited in the dependent. The dependent claim protects chairs with 4 legs, and the independent claim provides protection for all other remaining chair-leg arrangements exclusive of the 4 leg arrangement.

•

Under the European Patent Convention, when a claim in one particular category (see below), e.g. a process claim, depends on a claim from a different category, e.g. a product claim, it is not considered to be a dependent claim but an independent claim. Under U.S. law, this is still counted as a dependent claim, regardless of the class change. The rules of claim drafting also permit "multiple dependent claims" that reference more than one other claim, e.g.: "3. The method of claims 1 or 2, further comprising..." The rules for this are quite specific: specific claims must be referenced ("the method of any of these other claims" is incorrect); the claims must be referenced in the alternative ("the method of claims 1 and 2" is incorrect); etc. While still acceptable, this claim style is seldom used in the U.S. because it is counted for filing fee purposes according to the number of claims that it references. Thus, if the claim depends from three former claims,

it is counted for fee purposes as three dependent claims. In light of the "excess claim" fees currently imposed by the USPTO, this tactic can quickly become expensive. Instead, practitioners often recite the same alternative as a Markush grouping, which is always counted as one claim ("a method selected from one of the following groups: [method #1], or [method #2],..."). Multiple dependent claims are, however, very commonly used in other jurisdictions, including Canada and Europe. Claims can also be classified in categories, i.e. in terms of what they claim. A claim can refer to:
•

•

a physical entity, i.e. a product (or material) or an apparatus (or device, system, article, ...). The claim is then called respectively "product claim" or "apparatus claim"; or an activity, i.e. a process (or method) or a use. The claim is then called respectively "process claim" (or method claim) or "use claim".

COST (in ID Rupiah) Item Application for a patent application Application for utility model Claim fee (if more than 10 claim) Request for the substantive examination (patent) Request for the substantive examination (utility model) Issuance of Patent Certificate Official Fee (IDR) 575.000 125.000 40.000 2.000.000 350.000 50.000

______

STATISTIK PERMOHONAN PENDAFTARAN MEREK Bulan Januari s.d. Mei 2008
Permohonan + Perpanjangan 4,794 4,443 4,828 5,551 4,857 Melalui Kanwil 94 47 84 68 65

Bulan JANUARI FEBRUARI MARET APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DESEMBER JUMLAH

Baru

Perpanjangan 1,028 891 906 971 906

Domestik 2,798 2,967 3,049 1,620 3,443

Asing 968 895 873 3,931 1,414

Jasa

Dagang

3,766 3,552 3,922 4,580 3,951

768 752 1,029 4,382 1,106

2,998 2,800 2,893 1,169 3,751

24,473

19,771

4,702

13,877

8,081

8,037

13,611

358

25,000

Permohonan Pendaftaran Merek Januari s.d Mei 2008

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

Permohonan + Perpanjanga 24,473

Baru 19,771

Perpanjanga n 4,702

Domestik 13,877

Asing 8,081

Jasa 8,037

Dagang 13,611

Melalui Kanwil 358

JUMLAH