Psychedelic Rock

 

Psychedelic rock Psychedelic Psyche delic rock   is a style of   rock music   that is in-

 culture and attempts spired or influenced by psychedelic by  psychedelic culture to replicate and enhance the mind-altering experiences of psychedeli drugs.. It often often uses uses ne new w record recording ing tec techni hniqu ques es psychedelicc drugs and effects and sometimes draws on sources such as the ragas ragas and  and drones of Indian of  Indian music. music. It was pioneered by musicians including the including  the Beatles, Beatles,  the Beach Boys, Boys, the Byrds, Byrds, and the and the Yardbirds Yardbirds,, emerging as a genre during the mid-1960s among folk among  folk rock and rock  and  blues rock  bands in the United Kingdom and United States, such as Grateful as Grateful Dead, Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Airplane, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Experience,  Cream  Cream,,  the Doors Doors and  and  Pink Floyd. Floyd. It reached a peak in between 1967 and 1969 with the Summer of Love and  Woodstock Rock Festival Festival,, respecLove  and Woodstock tively, tive ly, becoming an international musical movement and associated with a widespread  widespread   counterculture, counterculture, before beginning a decline as changing attitudes, the loss of some key individuals and a back-to-basics movement, led surviving performers performers to move into new musical areas. Psychedelic rock influenced the creation of psychedelic of  psychedelic pop   and   psyche psychedelic delic soul soul.. It also also brid bridge ged d the tran tran-sition from early   blues blues-- and   folk music music-based -based rock to progress progressive ive rock rock,,   glam rock rock,,   hard rock  and as a result influenced the development of subgenres such as  heavy metal.. Since the late 1970s it has been revived metal revived in various forms of neo-psychedelia of neo-psychedelia..

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Chara Charact cter eris isti tics cs

As a musical style, psychedelic rock attempted to replicate the effects of and enhance the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs, incorporating new electronicc and recordi troni recording ng eff effects ects,, extended extended solos, solos, and improviimprovisation, and it was particularly influenced by eastern mys- A  sitar  , much m uch used on early records of the genre. ticism, reflected in use of exotic instrumentation, particularly from Indian music or the incorporation of elements   a stro strong ng ke keyboa yboard rd presenc presence, e, especi especiall allyy   organs, organs, of eastern music. Major features include: harpsichords,, or the Mellotron the Mellotron (an  (an early tape-driven harpsichords [4] 'sampler'); sampler');  electric guitars, often used with feedback with  feedback,, wah wah and fuzzboxes and  fuzzboxes;;[1]   extended instrumental solos instrumental solos or  or jams  jams;;[5] •

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  elaborate studio effects, such as  backwards tapes, tapes, panning panning,,   phasing, phasing, long   dela delayy loops loops,, and extreme extreme reverb; reverb;[2]

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  non-Western non-Western instruments, specifi specifically cally those originally used in Indian in  Indian classical music such music  such as the sitar the  sitar [3] and tabla and  tabla ; ;

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  complex song structures,   key key   and   time signature changes, modal changes,  modal melodies  melodies and drones and drones;;[5]  electronic instruments such as synthesizers as  synthesizers and  and the theremin theremin;;[6][7]   ly lyric ricss that that made made dir direc ectt or indir indirec ectt re reffer eren ence ce to drugs, drugs,

 

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Rabbit"" or Jimi or  Jimi as in Jefferson in  Jefferson Airplane's Airplane's "White Rabbit [8] Hendrix's Hendrix 's "Purple " Purple Haze"; Haze"; •

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  surreal surreal,, whimsical, esoterically or literary-inspired, lyrics.[9][10]

Etym Etymo olo logy gy

Th Thee te term rm ps psyc yche hede deli licc wa wass fir first st co coin ined ed in 1956 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond psychiatrist Osmond as  as an alternative descripof  psychedelic tor for hallucinogenic for hallucinogenic drugs in drugs in the context of psychedelic [11] psychotherapy.. psychotherapy Th Thee fir first st musi musica call use use of th thee te term rm psychedelic is thought to have been by the New Yorkbased folk group The group The Holy Modal Rounders Rounders on  on their version of Lead of  Lead Belly Belly's 's "Hesitation Hesitation Blues Blues"" in 1964.[12] The first group to advertise themselves as psychedelic rock were the 13th the  13th Floor Elevators Elevators from  from Texas, at the end of 1965 1965.. The The te term rm wa wass first first used used in prin printt in th thee Aust Austin in American Statesman in an article about the band titled “Unique Elevators shine with psychedelic rock”, dated 10 February 1966, and theirs was the first album to use the term as part of its title, in  The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevator Elevators  s , released in August that year. [5]

Two of the most successful and influential acts of the era, Bob Dylan Dylan and the Bea Beatle tles, s, we were re among among the firs firstt to exper exper-iment with such references. Dylan’s song "Subterranean "Subterranean

As the counterc countercultur ultural al scene scene de deve velop loped ed in San Franrock k   and psychedelic psychedelic rock were cisco the terms   acid roc used used in 19 1966 66 to de desc scri ribe be the the ne new w drug drug-i -infl nflue uenc nced ed [13] [14] music and were being widely used by 1967. The termss psyche term psychedel delic ic rock rock and acid acid rock are often often used interchangeably,[8] but some commentators have distinguished the former, which generally evoked the effects of psychedelic drugs, and acid rock, which can be seen as a more extreme subgenre that focused more directly on LSD, was often louder, made greater use of distortion and often consisted of long, improvised jams improvised jams..[15][16]

Homesick Blues" Blues" (1965), which may have taken its title from a Kerouac novel,[25] includ included ed the line, “Johnny’s in the basement, mixing up the medicine”, and his "Mr. " Mr. Tambourine Man" Man" (1965) requested “Take me on a trip upon your magic magic swirling swirling ship”. Whether Whether this was inten tende ded d as a drug drug re refferenc erencee wa wass uncle unclear, ar, but the li line ne wo woul uld d enter rock music when the song was a hit for the Byrds later in the year.[14] Dylan indicated that he had smoked cannabis cann abis,, but has denied using using hard drugs. Neverth Nevertheeless, his lyrics would continue to contain apparent drug references.[26]

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After being introduced to cannabis by Dylan, members of   The Beatles   began began using using LSD in 1965. The BeatBeatles introduced audiences to many of the major elements of the psychedelic sound during this period, with guitar with  guitar

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Main article articles: s: Psychedelia  Psychedelia and  and Psychedelic  Psychedelic music From Fro m the second second half half of the 1950s 1950s,,   Beat Gen Generaeration writers tion  writers like William like  William Burroughs, Burroughs,  Jack Kerouac  Kerouac   and Allen Ginsberg[17] wrote about and took drugs, including cannabis and Benzedrine, raising awareness and helping cannabis  and   Benzedrine, to popularise their use.[18] In the same period Lysergic period  Lysergic acid diethylamide, diethylamide, better known as LSD, or “acid” (at the time a legal drug), began to be used in the US and UK as an experimental treatment, treatment, initially promoted as a potential cure for mental illness.[19]

Dylan  and   Allen Bob Dylan and  Allen Ginsberg Ginsberg in  in 1975

among jazz and among jazz  and blues  blues musicians,  musicians, and, in the early 1960s,  mescaline  and use of drugs (including cannabis, peyote cannabis,  peyote,,  mescaline and [23] LSD ) had begun to grow among folk and rock musicians, who also began to include drug references in their songs.[24]

feedback "I Flown)" Feel Fine Fine" " (1964), "Norwegian "Norwegian Wood (This Bird  inHas Flown) " from their 1965  Rubber Soul   al album using a sitar a  sitar,, and the employment of reversed auRain". ".[10] Drug ref reference erencess dio dio tape tapess on thei theirr 1966 1966 B-si B-side de "Rain began to appear in their songs, in "Day " Day Tripper Tripper"" (1965), and more explicitly in "Tomorrow "Tomorrow Never Knows" Knows" (1966), from their album  Revolver .[27] The Beach Boys' Boys'  Pet Sounds  (1966)  (1966) also contained many elements that would be incorporated into psychedelia, with its artful experiments, psychedelic lyrics based on emotional longings and self-doubts, elaborate sound effects and new sounds on both conventional and unconventional ventio nal instruments.[28][29][30]

In the early 1960s the use of LSD and other hallucinoge gens ns wa wass ad advo voca cated ted by propo propone nents nts of the ne new w “cons “consci cious ous-- By the mid-1960s, the psychedelic life-style had already ness expansion”, such as   Timothy Leary, Leary,   Alan Watts, Watts, dev develo eloped ped in Califo California rnia.. This was particularl particularlyy true in

Aldous Huxley Huxley and  and Arthur  Arthur Koestle Koestlerr,[20][21] their writings San Francisc Francisco, o, du duee in par partt to the first maj major or underunderprofoundly prof oundly influenced the thinking of the new generation ground LSD factory, established there by  Owsley Stanof youth.[22] There had long been a culture of drug use ley ley..[14] There was also an emerging music scene of folk

 

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Developm Development ent in the USA USA

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who had also electrified to produce his own brand of fol folk k 35", ", with its rock, released "Rainy "Rainy Day Women ♯ 12 & 35 repeating chorus of “Everybody must get stoned!".[37] In Britain, the Yardbirds, Yardbirds, with Jeff Jeff Bec Beck k as the their ir guitarist guitarist,, increasingly moved into psychedelic territory, adding uptempo improvised “rave ups”, Gregorian ups”,  Gregorian chant and chant and world  world music (in music  (in particular Indian particular  Indian)) influences to their songs, including “Still I'm Sad” (1965) and "Over "Over Under S Sideways ideways Down Down" " (1966), singles" (1966) such asand " Heart "Heart Full of Soul Soul" (1965), "Shapesand "Shapes Things of Things" " Happenings "Happenings Ten" Years Time Ago" Ago" (1966).[28][38][39] They were soon followed by bands such as Procol as  Procol Harum, Harum, The Moody Blues and The and  The Nice. Nice.[40]

Big Brother and the Holding Company ,  Janis Joplin Company , c. 1966-67:  Janis is seated in the foreground.

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Develo Developme pment nt in the USA

clubs, coffee houses and independent radio stations catering to a population of students at nearby   Berkeley, Berkeley, and to free thinkers that had gravitated to the city. [31] From Pranksters,, a loose group that developed 1964, the Merry the Merry Pranksters around novelist Ken novelist  Ken Kesey Kesey,, sponsored the Acid the  Acid Tests, Tests, a series of events based around the taking of LSD (supplied by Stanley), accompanied by light shows, film projection and discordant, improvised music known as the  psychedelic symphony symphony.[32][33] The Pranksters helped popularize LSD use through their road trips across America in a psyche psychedel delica ically lly-dec -decorate orated d school school bus, whi which ch inv involv olved ed distributing the drug and meeting with major figures of the beat movement, and through publications about their activities such as Tom as Tom Wolfe's Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid  Test  (1968).  (1968).[26] The Byrds, Byrds, emerging from the Californian folk scene, and the   Yardbirds   from the   British blues   scene, scene, have been seen as particularly influential on the development of the genre.[10] Drug use and attempts at psychedelic music moved out of acoustic folk-based music towards rock soon after The Byrds “plugged in” to produce a chart topping version of Dylan’s   Mr. Tambou ambourine rine Ma Man n in the summ summer er of 1965, 1965, which which beca became me a   folk folk roc rock k [34][35][36] standard.

Typical psyche Typical psychedelic delic style poster poster..   Iron Butterfly  at the Carousel  Ballroom.

The   San Francisco Francisco music  music sce scene ne continue continued d to de deve velop lop Ballroom, and   The Maas   The Fillmore, Fillmore, the   Avalon Ballroom, trix   began booking local rock bands on a nightly basis. The first Trips Trips Festival Festival,, sponsor sponsored ed by the Merry Pranksters and held at the Longshoremen’s Hall in January 1966, saw The Grateful Dead and Big Brother and A number of Californian-based folk acts followed them the Holding Company play play to an audience audience of 10,000, givinto folk-rock, bringing their psychedelic influences with ing many many their their fir first st enco encount unter er wi with th both both acid acid rock, rock, wi with th its them, to produce the "San "San Francisco Sound". Sound".[10][32] Parlong instrumentals and unstructured jams, and LSD.[41] tic ticular ularly ly promine prominent nt products products of the scene scene were were   The Francisco isco,, Blue Chee Cheerr play played ed psychedeli psychedeliccGrateful Dead   (who had effectively become the  house Also from San Franc [42][43] influenced influence d rock in a blues-rock blues-rock style. band of band  of the Acid Tests), [33] Country Joe and the Fish, Fish, The Great Society Society,,  Big Brother and the Holding Com- A major figure in the expansion of the genre was propany,,   The Charlatans, pany Charlatans,   Moby Grape, Grape,  Quicksilver Mes- moter  Bill Graham Graham,, whose first rock concert in 1965 was moter Bill senger Service and Service  and Jefferson Airplane.[10] In 1966, The a benefit that included Allen Ginsberg and the then unknown wn Jeffers Jefferson on Airpl Airplane ane on the bi bill. ll. He produc produced ed sh show owss Byrds moved rapidly away from folk rock with their sin- kno gle "Eight "Eight Miles High", High", which made use of free jazz and attracting most of the major psychedelic rock bands and Indian ragas, and [10] the lyrics of which were widely taken to refer to drug use. The result of this directness was limited airplay, and there was a similar reaction when Dylan,

operated The Fillmore. operated Fillmore. Whe Whenn this proved proved too small he took over Winterland over Winterland and  and then the Fillmore the  Fillmore West West (in  (in San Francisco) and the Fillmore the  Fillmore East  (in New York City),

 

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wild shirts from shops like Mr Fish, Granny Fish, Granny Takes a Trip and old military uniforms from  Carnaby Street   (Soho) Soho) [55]  Kings Road ( Chelsea)) boutiques. and Kings Road (Chelsea Althoug Alth ough h San Francisco Francisco was the centre centre of Americ American an and psychede delic lic rock rock clubs clubs lik likee the   UFO Clu Club b   in psyche psy chedel delic ic music music scene, scene, many many other other America Americann cities cities Soon psyche Road,   Middle Earth Club   in in Covent  Covent contr contrib ibute uted d signi signific ficant antly ly to the new genre. genre. Th Thee firs firstt Tottenham Court Road, Garden,,   The Roundhouse   in Chalk Chalk Farm, Farm, the CounCounpsychedeli psyc hedelicc single to reach the US top 10 was "Psychotic " Psychotic Garden tryy Club Club (Swi (Swiss ss Co Cott ttag age) e) and and the the Ar Artt Lab Lab (al (also Reaction"" by Sa Reaction Sann Jo Jose se gara garage ge band band   Coun Countt Fiv Fivee   in tr [8] Covent Gard Garden) en) were were drawing drawing capaci capacity ty audienc audiences es July July 1966. Los Ange Angeles les   boasted boasted dozens dozens of imporimpor- in Covent where the major rock artists, from both the US and the UK, came to play.[44]

Byrds,, Beefheart these intant psyc psychede hedelic lic bands. band,s. Beside Bes s  The Byrds cluded   Iron Butterfly Butterfly,   Love, Love ,  ides Spirit, Spirit ,   Captain and his Magic Band, Band, The United States of America, America , The Westt Coast Pop Art Experimental Band, Wes Band, and the Electric the Electric Prunes;;[45] perh Prunes perhaps aps the most commerc commercial ially ly succes successf sful ul [46] were   The Door Doorss. Frank Zappa   and his group   The Mothers of Invention began Invention  began to incorporate psychedelic influences in their first two albums   Freak Out!   (1966) and Absolutely Free (1967).[47]

with psychedelic rock andinground-breaking light shows. shows .[56] A major figure the development liquid of British psychedelia was the American promoter and record producer Joe ducer  Joe Boyd, Boyd, who moved to London in 1966. He cofounded foun ded venues including the UFO Club, produced Pink produced Pink Floyd's Floyd 's first single, "Arnold "Arnold Layne Layne", ", and went on to manDrake,, the age folk and folk rock acts including  Nick Drake Incredible String Band and Incredible Band  and Fairport  Fairport Convention. Convention.[57][58]

British psychedelic rock, like its American counterpart, scene. Blues, drugs, jazz and eastNew York City produced City produced its share of psychedelic bands, had roots in the folk scene. such as folk pioneers The pioneers  The Fugs, Fugs,  The Godz Godz,, and Pearls and  Pearls ern influences had featured since 1964 in the work of Graham  and  Bert Jansch. Before Bef ore Swine Swine,, bes besid ides es the   Blues Mago Magoos os,, th thee   Blues Davy Graham and Jansch.[59] However, the largest Project,,[48] Lothar and the Hand People[49] and the blues- strand was a series of bands that emerged from 1966 Project the British blues scene, blues scene, but influenced by folk, jazz influenced Vanilla influenced  Vanilla Fudge Fudge..[50] The Detroit area gave rise from the British [51] the  SRC,,  Traffic,  Soft Mato psychedelic bands the Amboy the  Amboy Dukes, Dukes, and the SRC and psychedelia, including Pink including  Pink Floyd, Floyd, Traffic, and Chicago produced H. produced  H. P. Lovecraft. Lovecraft.[52] Texas (par- chine chine,,   Cream, Cream, and   The Jimi Hendrix Experience   (led ticularly   Austin American, an, but init initiall iallyy produced produced and managed managed Austin)) is often cited for its contributions to by an Americ by   Chas Chandler  Chandler   of psychedeli psyc hedelicc music: besides besides the 13th Floor Elevators Elevators it in Britain by  of   The Animals). Animals).[40] The produced acts including including Bubble  Bubble Puppy, Puppy, Lost and Found, Rolling Stones had Stones had drug references and psychedelic hints The Golden Dawn "19th Nervous Breakdown Dawn,,   The Zakary Thaks, Thaks, and Red and  Red Cray- in their 1966 singles "19th Breakdown" and ola..[53] ola Black", ", the latter featuring drones and sitar.[10] "Paint It, Black The Small Faces  managed to get drug references past the censors with their first single "Here " Here Come the Nice" Nice" [60] 3.3 Deve Develo lopm pmen entt iin n the the UK (1967) and introduced   phasing   on "Itchy Itchycoo coo Park Park"" (1967).[61]

Cream , one of the psychedelic in influenced fluenced bands of the  British blues  movement,  movement, c. 1966 

In the UK before 1967 media outlets for psychedelic culture were limited to stations like  like   Radio Luxembourg and pirate and  pirate radio like radio  like Radio  Radio London London,, particularly the progra gramme mmess hoste hosted d by DJ   John Peel. Peel.[54] The growth of underground undergro und culture was facilitated facilitated by the emergence of alternative weekly publications like IT (International ( International The The Small  Small Faces  in   in 1965 Times) and   OZ magazine   which featured Times) featured psychedeli psychedelicc and progressive music together with the counterculture lifestyle, which involved long hair, and the wearing of

The Crazy World of Arthur Brown added Brown added surreal theatrical touches to its dark psychedelic sounds, such as the

 

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"British Invasion" Invasion" singer’s flaming headdress.[62] Existing "British acts now joined joined the psyche psychede delic lic revolut revolution, ion, inc includi luding ng Burdon (previously  (previously of The Animals) and The and  The Who, Who, Eric Burdon whose  The Who Sell Out  (1967)   (1967) included psychedelic inMiles"" and “Armenia City fluenced tracks "I "I Can See for Miles [63] in the Sky”.

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In America the Summer the  Summer of Love  of 1967 saw a huge number of young people from across America and the  district of San Franworld travel to the Haight-Ashbury the  Haight-Ashbury district cisco, boosting the population from 15,000 to around 100,000.[75] It was prefaced by the Human the  Human Be-In Be-In event  event in March and reached its peak at the Monterey the  Monterey Pop Festival in tival  in June, the latter helping to make major American Joplin,, lead singer of Big Brother and the stars of Janis of  Janis Joplin Holding Company, Jimi Company,  Jimi Hendrix Hendrix and  and The Who.[76] Key recordings included Jefferson Airplane’s  Surrealistic Pillow, the first album to come out of San Francisco during this era, which sold well enough to bring the city’s music scene to the attention of the record industry: from it they took two of the earliest psychede psychedelic lic hit singles: "White Rabbit"" (1967) and "Somebody Rabbit "Somebody to Love" Love" (1967).[77] The Doors'' fir Doors first st hi hitt si sing nglle "Li Light ght My Fir Firee" (1967 (1967), ), running running fo forr over seven minutes, became one of the defining records of the ge genre nre,, altho althoug ugh h their their follow ollow up album album Stra Strange nge Day Days  s  [78] only enjoyed moderate success. Santana,, led by guiSantana tarist Carlos tarist  Carlos Santana Santana,, used Latin rhythms as the basis for their psychedelic music.[8]

Psychedelic rock reached its apogee in the last years of the decade. decade. 1967 saw the Beatles Beatles relea release se the double double A-side "Strawberry "Strawberry Fields Forever" Forever" and "Penny "Penny Lane Lane", ", [64] [10] opening a strain of British “pastoral” or “nostalgic” psyche psy chedel delia, ia, follo followed wed by the release release of what what is often often seen as their definitive psychedelic statement in  Sgt. Pep per’s Lonely Hearts Club Band , inc includi luding ng the controv controvers ersial ial [65] track "Lucy "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds". Diamonds". They continued the psychedelic theme later in the year with the dou and the number one single ble EP  Magical Mystery Tour  and "Hello, Goodbye Goodbye"" with its B-side its  B-side "  "II Am the Walrus". Walrus".[66] Also enigmatic and surreal was one of the most influenThese trends These trends cli climax maxed ed in the 1969   Woodstoc Woodstock k fes festititial records of 1967, "A "A Whiter Shade of Pale Pale"" by Procol by Procol val,, whi val which ch sa saw w pe perf rform ormanc ances es by most most of the major major Harum,, which reached number one in the UK Singles Harum psychedelic acts, including Jimi Hendrix, Jefferson Air[67] Chart on 8 June 1967, and stayed there for six weeks. The Rolling Stones responded to  Sgt Pepper  later   later in the and Pink Floyd year with Their Satanic Majesties Request , and Pink produced what is usually seen as their best psychedelic work   The Piper at the Gates of Dawn .[10][68] In 1967 the Incredible String Band’s  The 5000 Spirits or the Layerss of the Onion   develo er developed ped thei theirr folk folk music music into full full blown psychedelia, which would be a major influence on psychedelic rock.[69] From 1967 Fairport Convention became a mainstay of the London Underground Underground scene, producing duci ng the their ir eponymou eponymouss first album album of Ame America rican-in n-inspi spired red [70] The Pretty Things' Things'  rock folk rock the following year. opera S.F. Sorrow, released in December 1968, featured both heavy psychedelic songs such as “Old Man Going” and “I See You” and poppy numbers like “S.F.Sorrow Is Born” and “Baron Saturday”.[71][72][73] The Small Faces’ Ogdens’ Nut Gone Flake  (1968), released soon after, also pioneered pionee red the   conce concept pt album album,, wi with th the tra track ckss on LP [74] telling a single story.

The Redmond Stage at the Woodstock the  Woodstock Festi Festival  val  in   in 1969

plane, and the Grateful Dead.[79] Psychedelic rock was   (1969), which used glamorized on screen in  Easy Rider  (1969), songs including including Steppenwolf  Steppenwolf's 's ""Born Born to be Wild Wild"" as part [8] of its soundtrack.

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The US and UK were the major centres of psychedelic music, but in the late 1960s scenes began to develop across the world, including continental Europe, Australasia, Asia and south and Central America. [80]

The Bee Gees  , one of the most commercially successful survivors  The Bee of the psychedelic era, performing on Dutch television in 1968 

 

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In the later 1960s psyched psychedeli elicc scenes scenes develope developed d in a large number of countries in continental Europe, including the Netherlands with bands like  The Outsiders, Outsiders,[81] Denmark where it was pioneered by  Steppeulvene,  Steppeulvene,[82] and Germany, where musicians began to fuse music of psyche psy chedel delia ia and the electroni electronicc avant-g avant-garde arde.. 1968 saw the first major   German rock festival   in  Essen  Essen,,[83] and Lab in  in Berlin  Berlin by  by the foundation of the Zodiak the  Zodiak Free Arts Lab Hans-Joachim Roedeli Roedelius us,, and Conrad and  Conrad Schnitzler Schnitzler,, which helped helped bands bands lik likee   Tangerine Tangerine Dream   and   Amon Düül achieve cult status.[84] The fledgling Australian and New Zealand rock scenes weree most influenc influenced ed that that formed ormed in wa wake ke of Beatlemania wer by British psychedelia, often with bands of first generation immigrants, who returned to further their musical careers. [85] Among the most successful were The were  The Easybeats,, formed in Sydney but who recorded their internabeats tional hit "Friday "Friday on My Mind" Mind" (1966) in London and remained there for their forays into psychedelic-tinged pop until they disbanded in 1970.[86] A similar path was pursued by the Bee the  Bee Gees, Gees, formed in Brisbane, but whose first album   Bee Gees’ 1st  (1967), recorded in London, gave them three major hit singles and contained folk, rock and psychedelic elements, heavily influenced by the

Los Gatos  in   in 1967 

Army, El Ritual[95] and Love Army, and Los  Los Dug Dug’s. Dug’s.[96] In Chile from 1967 to 1973, between the ending of the government of President Frei President  Frei Montalva Montalva and  and the government of President Allende President  Allende,, a cultural movement was born from a few Chilean bands that emerged playing a unique fusion sion of fo folklo lkloric ric music music with heavy heavy psyche psychedel delic ic influenc influences. es. The 1967 release of Los Mac’s album  Kaleidoscope Men Jaivas and  and Los  Los Blops, Blops, (1967) inspired bands such as Los as  Los Jaivas Beatles.[87] The Twil Twiligh ights ts,, formed formed in Adela Adelaide ide,, also made the latter going on to collaborate with the iconic Chilean the trip to London, recording a series of minor hits, ab- singer-songwriter singer-songwriter Victor  Victor Jara Jara on  on his 1971 album El deresorbing the psychedelic psychedelic scene, to return home to produce cho de vivir en paz.[97] Meanwhile, in the Argentinian cove covers rs of Beatl Beatles’ es’ songs, songs, co compl mplete ete wi with th sitar, sitar, and the co conn- cap capital ital Buenos Buenos Aires, Aires, a burgeon burgeoning ing psyche psychedel delic ic sce scene ne [88] cept album  Once upon a Twilight  (1968). The most gave birth to three of the most important bands in Arsuccessful New Zealand band, The band, The La De Das, Das, produced gentine rock: Los rock:  Los Gatos Gatos,, Manal and  Manal and Almendra  Almendra..[98] the psychedelic pop concept album  The Happy Prince (1968), based on the Oscar the  Oscar Wilde children’s Wilde  children’s classic, but failed to break through in Britain and the wider world.[89] 3.6 3.6 Dec Decline line A thriving psychedelic music scene in   Cambodia Cambodia,, influenced by psychedelic rock and soul broadcast by US forces radio in Vietnam,[90] was pioneered by artists such as as Sinn Sisamouth and Ros  Sinn Sisamouth and  Ros Sereysothea Sereysothea..[91] In South Kooften consid considere ered d the godfathe godfatherr rea,   Shin Jung-Hyeon, Jung-Hyeon, often of Korean rock, played psychedelic-influenced music for

By the end of the 1960s, psychedelic rock was in retreat. treat. LSD had bee beenn made made illegal illegal in the US and UK [99] in 1966. In 1969, the murders of   Sharon Tate  Tate   and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca LaBianca   by by Charles  Charles Manson  Manson   and his “family” of fol followe lowers, rs, claiming to have been inspired been inspired

the American soldiers soldiers stationed in the country. FollowFollowing Shin Jung-Hyeon, the band  San Ul Lim (Mountain Lim  (Mountain Echo) often combined psychedelic rock with a more folk sound.[92] In Turkey, Turkey,   Anatolian rock   artist   Erkin Koray   blended classic Turkish music and Middle Eastern ray themes into his psychedelic-driven rock, helping to found the Turkish rock scene with artists such as Cem as  Cem Karaca, Karaca, Mogollar and  and Baris  Baris Manco. Manco.[93] Mogollar

by Beatles’ songs such songs as "Helter "Helterbacklash. Skelter Skelter", ",[100] has At been theseen end as contributing to such an anti-hippie of the same year, the   Altamont Free Concert  in California, headlined by the Rolling Stones, became notorious for the fatal stabbing of black teenager  teenager   Meredith Hunter by Hunter  by Hells  Hells Angel security Angel security guards.[101] Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys (whose much anticipated  Smile project would not emerge until 2004),[102][103] Brian Jones of Jones of the  Fleetwood Mac and Mac  and Syd  Syd Rolling Stones, Peter Stones,  Peter Green of Green  of Fleetwood Latin America proved a particularly fertile ground for Barrett Barrett of  of Pink Floyd were early “acid casualties”, helppsychedeli psyc hedelicc rock. The Brazilian psychedelic psychedelic rock group ing to sh shif iftt the foc ocus us of the re resp spec ecti tive ve bands bands of wh whic ich h they they Mutantes  formed in 1966, although little known out- had been leading figures.[104] Some groups, such as the Os Mutantes formed side Brazil at the time, have since accrued a substan- Jimi Hendrix Experience and Cream, broke up.[105] Jimi tial international cult following.[94] In the late 1960s, a Hendrix died in London in September 1970, shortly afwave of Mexican rock, heavily influenced by psychedelia ter recording Band of Gypsys  (1970),  (1970), Janis Joplin died of and funk eme emerged rged,, esp especi eciall allyy in northern northern border border Mex Mexica icann a heroin overdose in October 1970 and they were closely states, state s, in recognized particular, particular, Tijuan Ti juana, a,from Ba Baja jathis Californi Calif ornia. a. Among Amon followed by Jim Morrison Morr ison of the the Door Doors, s, who di died ed in Pari Pariss the most bands "Chicano "Chicano Waveg" followed Wave" in July 1971.[106] Many surviving acts moved away from (Onda (On da Chica Chicana na in Spanis Spanish) h) we were re Three Three Souls Souls in my Mind, Mind, psychedelia into either more back-to-basics "roots " roots rock", rock",

 

7

turning away away from from America American-infl n-influenc uenced ed folk rock rock toward toward traditional-based, pastoral or whimsical folk, the wider turning experimentation experi mentation of progressive progressive rock, or riff-based heavy a sound based on traditional British music and founding [10] the subgenre of  electric folk, folk, to be followed by bands rock. like Steeleye like  Steeleye Span Span and  and Fotheringay  Fotheringay..[113] The psychedelicinfluenced and whimsical strand of British folk continued into the 1970s with acts including Comus including  Comus,,  Mellow Candle,, Nick Drake, The Incredible String Band, Forest dle Band,  Forest and  and [114] Trees Trees and  and with Syd Barrett’s two solo albums.

4 4.1 4.1

Infl Influen uence Othe Otherr ge genr nres es

Main article articles: s: Psychedelic  Psychedelic pop pop and  and Psychedelic  Psychedelic soul As psychedelia emerged as a mainstream and commer-

Jod Jody y Grin Grind’s  d’s   One One Step Step On   gatef gatefold recor record d sleev sleevee featur eatures  es  UV/ sstroboscopic  troboscopic  photography.  photography.

In 196 1966, 6, ev even en while while psyc psyche hede deli licc rock rock wa wass becomi becoming ng domdominant, Bob Dylan spearheaded the back-to-basics  roots revival when revival  when he went to Nashville to record the album Blonde on Blonde.[107][108] This, and the subsequent more clearlyy country-influenced clearl country-influenced albums, John Wesley Harding (1967) and  Nashville Skyline  (1969), have been seen as creating the genre of country of  country folk. folk.[108] Dylan’s lead was Byrds,, joined by Gram by  Gram Parsons to Parsons  to also followed by The by  The Byrds record  Sweetheart of the Rodeo (1968), helping to define the genre of country of  country rock, rock,[109] which became a particularly popular style in the California music scene of the late late 196 1960s, 0s, and wa wass adopte adopted d by form ormer er folk olk rock rock artist artistss including Hearts and Flowers, Flowers, Poco  Poco and  and New  New Riders of the [109] Purple Sage. Sage. Other acts that followed followed the back to basics trend in different ways were the Canadian group The group The Band   and the Californian-based  Creedence Clearwater Band Revival..[110] The Grateful Dead also had major successes Revival with the more reflective reflective and stripped back   Workingman’s  Dead and American American Beaut Beauty y in 1970. 1970.[111] The sup super-gr er-group oup Cros Crosby, by, Stil Stills ls and Nash, Nash, formed in 1968 from members of The Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, and The and  The Hollies, Hollies, were joined by Neil by  Neil Young for Young  for  Deja Vu  in 1970, which move mo ved d aw away ay from many many of wh what at had bec become ome the “c “cli lich chés” és” of psychedelic rock and placed an emphasis on political commentary and vocal harmonies. harmonies.[112] After the death of their manager Brian manager  Brian Epstein Epstein and  and the unpopular surreal television television film,  Magical Mystery Tour , Beatles  es  the Beatles returned to a raw style with   The Beatl (1968),  Abbey Road  (1969)   (1969) and  Let It Be  (1970), before their eventual break up.[10] The back to basics trend was also evident in The Rolling Stones’ albums starting from   (1968) to  Exile on Main St.  (1972).[10] Beggar’s Banquet  (1968) Fairport Conve Convention ntion   released   Liege Lief  f   in 1969, Liege and Lie

The Mon Monkees  kees  , one of the most successful acts to delve into  psychedelic pop, pictured in 1967 

cial force, particularly through the work of the Beatles, it began to influence pop music, which incorporated hippie fashions, as well as the sounds of sitars, fuzz guitars, and tape effects.[115] The Beach Boys’ hit single "Good " Good Vibrations"" was one of the first pop songs to incorpoVibrations folk k rate psychedelic lyrics and sounds.[103][116] Scottish fol  Donovan's 's transformation to 'electric' music gave singer Donovan singer him a series of pop hits, beginning with "Sunshine "Sunshine Superman", perman ", which reached number one in both Britain and Yellow"" (1966) and the US, to be followed by "Mellow "Mellow Yellow [10][117] Atlantis"" (1968). American pop-oriented bands "Atlantis that followed in this vein included the Electric Prunes, the Blues Magoos and the Strawberry the  Strawberry Alarm Clock. Clock.[118] Internationall acts such as the Bee Gees and the Easybea Internationa E asybeats ts were also prominent in the development of psychedelic pop.[86][119] Psychedelic sounds were also incorporated into the output of early   bubblegum pop   acts like   The Monkees and Monkees  and The  The Lemon Pipers. Pipers.[120] Following the lead of Hendrix in rock, psychedelia began to have have an imp impac actt on Afri African can Ameri America cann music musician ians, s, parti particc[121] ularly the stars of the Motown the Motown label.  label. This psychedelic This  psychedelic soul  was influenced by the civil the  civil rights movement, movement, giving it[121] a darker and more political edge than much acid Building on the funk the  funk sound  sound of James of  James Brown Brown,, rock. it was pioneered from about 1968 by Sly by  Sly and the Fam-

 

8

 

ily Stone and The  Temptations.. Acts that followed them Stone  and The Temptations into this territory included the Supremes the  Supremes,, The Chambers Brothers,,  The 5th Dimension Brothers Dimension,,[122] Edwin Starr and Starr  and the [121] Truth. Undisputed Truth. George Clinton's Clinton's interdependent Funkadelic  and  Parliament ensembles  ensembles and their various Funkadelic   and Parliament spin-offss took the genre to its most extreme lengths makspin-off ing funk almost a religion in the 1970s,[123] producing over forty singles, including three in the US top ten, and three platinum albums.[124] While psychedelic rock began to waver at the end of the 1960s, psychedelic soul continued into the 1970s, peaking in popularity in the early years of the decade, and only disappearing in the late 1970s as tastes began to change.[121] Acts like Earth, like Earth, Wind Win d and Fir Firee, Ko Kool ol an and d th thee Ga Gang ng and Ohio Pla Playe yers rs,, who who began as psychedeli psychedelicc soul artists, incorporated its sounds  which partly reinto funk music and eve eventually ntually the disco the disco which [125] placed it.

4.2 4.2

Rock Rock musi musicc

5

NEO-P NEO-PSY SYCH CHEDE EDELIA LIA

or in the British press as "Kraut " Kraut rock”.  rock”.[129] The adoption of electr electronic onic synthesisers  synthesisers,, pioneered by Popol by Popol Vuh from Vuh  from 1970, together with the work of figures like Brian like  Brian Eno (for a time the keyboard player with Roxy with Roxy Music), Music), would rock..[130] be a major influence on subsequent  electronic rock In Japan,  Osamu Kitajima's Kitajima's 1974 psychedelic rock album   Benzaiten   utilized electronic equipment such as a synthesizer  and  drum machine, synthesizer and machine, and one of the record’s contributors was Haruomi was Haruomi Hosono Hosono,,[131] who later started  electronic music band  Yellow Magic Orchestra   (as the the electronic music  band Yellow “Yellow “Yel low Magic Band”) in 1977. [132] Psychedel Psyche delic ic rock, rock, with its distorted distorted guitar sound, sound, extended tend ed solos solos and adv adventu enturous rous composi composition tions, s, has been seen as an important bridge between blues-oriented rock and later   heavy metal metal.. Americ American an bands bands wh whose ose loud, loud, repetitive psychedelic rock emerged as early heavy metal included the   Amboy Dukes   and   Steppenwolf Steppenwolf..[8] From England, two former guitarists with the Yardbirds, Jeff Pagee, move moved d on to for orm m key ac acts ts Beck Bec k and   Jimmy Pag in the genre,   The Jeff Beck Group   and  and   Led Zeppelin respectively.[133] Other major pioneers of the genre had begun as blues-based psychedelic bands, including Black including  Black Sabbath,,   Deep Purple, Sabbath Purple,   Judas Priest   and  and   UFO UFO..[133][134] Psychedelic music also contributed to the origins of glam of  glam rock,, with Marc rock with Marc Bolan Bolan changing  changing his psychedelic his psychedelic folk duo folk duo into rock band T. band  T. Rex and Rex  and becoming the first glam rock star from 1970.[135] From 1971 David 1971  David Bowie moved Bowie  moved on from his early psychedelic work to develop his  Ziggy Stardust persona, Stardust  persona, incorporating elements of professional make up, mime and performance into his act. [136]

5

Neo-ps Neo-psyc yched hedeli elia a

Main article: Neo-psychedelia article:  Neo-psychedelia

5.1 5.1

1970s 1970s and and 19 1980s 80s

Roxy Music  in   in 1973

Many of the Many the Brit Britis ish h musi musici cian anss and and band bandss th that at had had embrace emb raced d psyche psychedel delia ia went went on to create create   progressive rock in rock  in the 1970s, including Pink Floyd, Soft Machine Yes..   King Crimson Crimson's 's album   In the and members of   Yes Court Co urt of the Cr Crims imson on Ki King ng   (1969) (1969) has been been seen seen as an important link between psychedelia and progressive rock.[126] While bands such as   Hawkwind   maintained an ex expli plicitl citlyy psyche psychedel delic ic course course into the 1970s, 1970s, most dropped drop ped the psych psychede edelic lic elemen elements ts in favour avour of wid wider er [127] experimentation. The incorporation of jazz into the music of bands like Soft Machine and Can also conValentine  performing in 2013 tributed to the development of the   jazz rock  of bands My Bloody Valentine performing [128] like   Colosseum Colosseum.. As the theyy moved moved away away from their Theree were were occasi occasional onal mainstre mainstream am acts that dabb dabbled led psyche psy chedel delic ic roots and plac placed ed increas increasing ing emphasi emphasiss on elecelec- Ther including   Prince's Prince's mid-1980s work tronic experimentation, German bands like   Kraftwerk, Kraftwerk, in neo-psychedelia, including  Dream,,   Can Can   and Faust and  Faust   developed a distinc- and some of   Lenny Kravitz's Tangerine Dream Kravitz's 1990s output, but it has tive brand of electronic of electronic rock rock,, known as kosmische as kosmische musik, musik, mainly been an influence on alternative and indie-rock

 

9 bands.[137] Psychedelic rock began to be revived in the late 1970s/early 1980s by bands of the post-punk the  post-punk scene,  scene, Explodess,   Echo including the work of   The Teardrop Explode and the Bunn Bunnymen ymen,,   The Chur Church ch,, th thee   Sof Softt Boy Boyss,[137] Siouxsie and the Banshees, Banshees,[138][139] The Cure, Cure,[140] The [141] Glove,, Glove and   The Legendary Legendary Pink Dots. Dots.[142] In the US in the early 1980s these bands were joined by the Paisl Paisley ey Unde Underground rground   movem movemen ent, t, based based in Los AngeAngeles, with acts like   Dream Syndicate Syndicate,,   The Bangles   and [143] Parade.. New wave band XTC published XTC published records Rain Parade under the pseudonym The pseudonym  The Dukes of Stratosphear from Stratosphear  from [144] Even   Gothic rock Even rock   band  band   The Damned  Damned   incor1985. porated pora ted psych psychede edelic lic music music into the their ir sound. sound.[145] The la late te 19 1980 80ss saw saw the the birth birth of   shoegazing   in the UK, UK, which, whi ch, among among other other influenc influences, es, took ins inspira piration tion from 1960s psychedelia.[146] Critic Critic Simon  Simon Reynolds described Reynolds described this movement movement as “a rash of blurry, blurry, neo-psy neo-psyche chedel delic ic [146] bands”. With loud walls of sound, where individual instruments and even vocals were often indistinguishable, they followed the lead of noise of noise pop and pop and dream  dream pop pop bands  bands Bloodyy Va Valen lentine tine (of (often ten consi conside dered red as the ear ear-such such as My Blood [147] liest shoegaze act), The Jesus and Mary Chain, Chain, and [148]  Cocteau Twins. Major acts included Ride included Ride,,  Lush,  Lush, the the Cocteau Twins. Chapterhouse Chapterhouse,, and The and  The Boo Radleys Radleys,, who enjoyed considerable in the UK, but largely failed to break through inattention the US.[149]

5.2

1990s 1990s to the the pr prese esent nt

influenced the early sound of 1990s Britpop bands like Blur..[155] The Verve  Verve   mixed on 1960s psychedelia with Blur Oasis also  also drew on 1960s the shoegazing aesthetic.[156] Oasis psyche psy chede delic lic pop and rock, rock, particul particularl arlyy on the album album [157] Standing on the Shoulder of Giants   (2000). In the immediate  post-Britpop   era   Kula Shaker   incorporated swirlin swi rling, g, guitar-he guitar-heavy avy soun sounds ds of late-'60s late-'60s psyche psychedel delia ia [158] with Indian  mysticism   and spirituality. In the new millennium neo-psychedelia was continued by bands directly emulating the sounds of the 60s such as The as  The Black Angels,,[159] Tame Impala, Angels Impala,[160] Pond Pond,,[161] and and The  The Essex [162] Green,, Green while bands like Animal like  Animal Collective applied Collective  applied an experimental approach that combined genres from the 1960s and the present.[163] Modern festivals focusing on psychedelic music include Austin include  Austin Psych Fest in Fest  in Texas, [164] founded foun ded in 2008 and Liverpool Psych Fest.[165]

6

7

See also •

  List of electric blues musicians musicians

•

  List of psychedelic psychedelic rock artists

Notes

[1 [1]] P. Prow Prown, n, H. P. Newq Newqui uist st an and d J. F. Ei Eich che, e, Leg Legends ends of Rock  Guitar: Guita r: the Essential Ref Refere erence nce of Rock Rock’s ’s Grea Greatest test Guitarists  (London:   (London: Hal Leonard Corporation, 1997), ISBN 1997),  ISBN

0-7935-4042-9,, p. 48. 0-7935-4042-9 [2] S. Borthw Borthwic ick k and R. Moy Moy,,   Popular Popular Musi Musicc Genres Genres:: an Introduction   (Edinbur (Edinburgh: gh: Edinbur Edinburgh gh University University Press, 2004), ISBN 2004), 0-7486-1745-0, pp. 52-4.  ISBN 0-7486-1745-0, [3] R. Rubi Rubinn and J. P. Melnic Melnick, k,   Immigration and American Popular Popu lar Culture: an Introduct Introduction ion  (New York, NY: New 0-8147-7552-7,, pp. York University Press, 2007), ISBN 2007),  ISBN 0-8147-7552-7 162-4. [4] D. W. Marsh Marshall, all,   Mass Market Market Medie Medieval: val: Essa Essays ys on the Middle Ages in Popular Culture  (Jefferson NC: McFarland, 2007), ISBN 2007), ISBN 0-7864-2922-4 0-7864-2922-4,, p. 32.  Denmark  in   in 1999. Blur playing at the Roskilde the  Roskilde Festival  , , Denmark 

collective, including including acts In the 1990s the  Elephant 6   collective, like   The Apples in Ste Stereo reo,,   The Oli Olivia via Tremor Control,,   Neut trol Neutral ral Mil Milk k Hote Hotell,   Elf Po Powe werr   and   of Mo Monntreal,, produced eclectic psychedelic rock and folk. [150] treal Otherr alternati Othe alternative ve acts to pursue pursue psyche psychede delia lia from the 1990s included  included   The Brian Jonestown Massacre, Massacre ,   Porno For Pyros   and   Super Furry Animals. Animals.[137] Stoner rock also emerged, combining elements of psychedelic rock, blues-rock and   doom metal. metal. Typic Typicall allyy using using a slowsloweaturing ing low-t low-tune uned d guitar guitarss in a to-mid   tempo   and featur bass-heavy [152] bass-heavy sound,[151] with melodic vocals, and 'retro' production, it wa wass pion pionee eered red by the Calif Californ ornian ian ban bands ds Kyuss[153] and Sleep Sleep..[154] IntheUKthe Madchester scene

[5] M. Hic Hicks, ks,  Sixties Rock: Gar Garage, age, Psyche Psychedelic, delic, and Other  Satisfactions Music in American Life  (Chicago, IL: Uni ISBN 0-252-06915-3 0-252-06915-3,, pp. versity versi ty of Illinois Press, 2000), 2000), ISBN 64-6. [6] J. De DeRog Rogatis atis,, Turn On Your Mind: Four Decades of Great  Psychedelic Rock   (Milwau (Milwaukie, kie, Michigan: Hal Leonard, 2003), ISBN 2003), 0-634-05548-8, p. 230.  ISBN 0-634-05548-8, [7] R. Unterberger, Unterberger, Samb Hicks, Jennif Jennifer er Dempsey, “Music USA: the Rough Guide”, (Rough Guides, 1999), ISBN 1999), ISBN 185828-421-X,, p. 391. 85828-421-X [8] R. B. Browne and P. Brow Browne, ne, The Guide to United States  Popular Culture  (Popular Press, 2001),  2001),   ISBN 0-87972821-3,, p. 8. 821-3

 

10

 

[9] G. Thompso Thompson, n, P  Please lease Plea Please se Me: Sixt Sixties ies Briti British sh Pop, Insid Insidee Out  (Oxfo   (Oxford: rd: Oxf Oxford ord Universi University ty Press, 2008), ISBN 0-19533318-7,, p. 197. 533318-7

7

NOTES 

[26 [26]] J. Man Mann, n, Tur Turn n on andTune in: Ps Psyche ychedel delics ics,, Na Narco rcotic ticss and  Euphoriants (Ro (Royal yal Soci Society ety of Chemistr Chemistry, y, 2009), 2009), ISBN  ISBN 184755-909-3,, p. 87. 84755-909-3

[27]] “Thou “Though gh Lenn Lennon on had ye yett to laun launch ch him himse self lf int intoo his [10] V. Bogdanov, Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erle Erlewine, wine, All Music  [27 fullscale LSD period, he evidently felt sufficiently versed Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul  in the “counterculture” associated with the drug to poke (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN fun at those who took it without changing their outlook. 0-87930-653-X,, pp. 13220-87930-653-X 1322-3. 3. The lyric of Day Tripper , he later explained, was an attack on “weekend hippies” - those who donned floral shirts and [11] N. Mur Murray ray,,   Aldou Aldouss Hux Huxle ley: y: A Bio Biogr graph aphy y   (Hachette, 2009), ISBN 2009), headbands to listen to “acid rock” between 9-to-5 office ISBN 0-7481-1231-6 0-7481-1231-6,, p. 419. jobs”, in I. MacDonald, MacDonald, Revolution in the Head: The Bea[12] M. Hicks, Hicks,  Sixtie  Sixtiess Rock Rock:: Gara Garage, ge, Psyched Psychedelic, elic, and Other  tles’ Records and the Sixties  (London:   (London: Vintage, 3rd edn., Satisfactions   (University of Illinois Press, 2000),   ISBN 2008), ISBN 2008), 978-0-09-952679-7, pp. 167-8  ISBN 978-0-09-952679-7, 167-8.. 978-0-252-06915-4,, pp 59–60. 978-0-252-06915-4 Psychedeli hedelic” c”,,   Allmusic . Re[28] R. Un Unterb terber erger ger,,   “British Psyc trieved triev ed 7 June 2011. “Logicall Outcome of fifty years years of art”, art”,  LIFE , 9 Septem[13]   “Logica ber 1966, p. 68. [29] J. DeRogati DeRogatis, s, Turn On Your Mind: Four Decades of Great  Psychedelic Rock   (Milwau (Milwaukie, kie, Michigan: Hal Leonard, [14] J. DeRogatis, Turn On Your Mind: Four Decades of Great  2003), ISBN 2003), 0-634-05548-8, pp. 35-40.  ISBN 0-634-05548-8, Psychedelic Rock   (Milwauki (Milwaukie, e, Michi Michigan: gan: Hal Leonard, 2003), ISBN 2003), 0-634-05548-8, pp. 8-9.  ISBN 0-634-05548-8, [30] “Pet “Pet Soun Sounds, ds, Rev Revolv olver er and The Piper at the Gate Gatess of Dawn, relics of the first era of psychedelic rock and shin[15]   “Acid rock”, rock”, Allmusic . Retrieved 20 March 2012. ing testaments to what can be accomplished in the recordingstudioo wh ingstudi when en folks olks are are fuele ueled d on thepotent thepotent drug drug of ram ram-[16 [16]] Eric Eric V. d d.. Luft Luft,,   Die at the Rig Right ht Time! Time!:: A Sub Subjec jecti tive ve pant imaginatio imagination” n” J. DeRogatis, “Milk it!: collec collected ted musCultural History of the American Sixties  (Gegensatz   (Gegensatz Press, ings on the alternative music explosion of the 90s”, ISBN 90s”,  ISBN  ISBN 0-9655179-2-6 0-9655179-2-6,, p. 173. 2009), ISBN 2009), 0-306-81271-1,, p. 352. 0-306-81271-1 [17] J. Campbell Campbell,,  This is the Beat Generation: New York, San Unterberger, ger, Eight Miles High: Folk-Rock’s Flight from Francisco, Paris  (Berkeley,   (Berkeley, CA: University of California [31] R. Unterber Haight-Ashbury to Woodstock  (London:  (London: Backbe Backbeat at Books, Press, 2001), ISBN 2001), ISBN 0-520-23033-7. 0-520-23033-7. 2003), ISBN 2003),  ISBN 0-87930-743-9, 0-87930-743-9, pp. 11-13. [18] R. Worth Worth,,  Illegal Drugs: Condone Or Incarcerate?   (Marshall Cavendish, 2009), ISBN 2009), ISBN 0-7614-4234-0, 0-7614-4234-0, p. 30. [19] D. Far Farber, ber, “The Psy Psycho cholog logists ists Psycholog Psychology:The y:The Intoxicated State/Illegal Nation - Drugs in the Sixties Counterculture”, in P. Braunstein and M. W. Doyle (eds), Imagine Nation: Nati on: The Countercultur Counterculturee of the 1960s and '70s  (New   (New York: Yor k: Routledge, Routledge, 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN 0-415-93040-5 0-415-93040-5,, p. 21. [20]  Anne Applebaum, Applebaum, “Did The Death Of Communism Take Koestler And Other Literary Figures With It?", It? ", The Huffington Post , 26 January 2010. [21]   "Out-Of-Sight!   SMiLE Timeline”. Timeline”. Arc Archiv hived ed ffrom rom   the original   on 3 November November 2008. Retr Retrie ieved ved 30 Octobe Octoberr 2011.

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[97] B. Keen and K. Ha Haynes, ynes, A History of Latin America  (Andover: dove r: Cengag Cengagee Learning, 8th ed., 2008),  ISBN 0-61878318-0,, p. 592. 78318-0 [98] S. Bao, Buenos Aires  (Footscray,   (Footscray, Victoria: Lonely Planet, 1-74104-699-8,, p. 248. 5th ed., 2008), ISBN 2008), ISBN 1-74104-699-8

[81] R. Unterb Unterber erger ger,,   Unknow Unknown n Leg Legend endss of Ro Rock ck 'n' Rol Roll:  l:  [99] I. Inglis Inglis,, The Beatles, Popular Music and Society: a ThouPsychedelic Unknowns, Unknowns, Mad Geniuses, Punk Pioneers, Losand Voices  (London:  (London: Palgra Palgrave ve Macmillan, 2000), 2000), ISBN  ISBN  fi Mavericks Mavericks & More  (Miller Freeman, 1998), ISBN 1998),  ISBN 00-312-22236-X,, p. 46. 0-312-22236-X 87930-534-7,, p. 411. 87930-534-7 [10 [100] 0] D. A. Ni Niel else sen, n, Horr Horrible ible Wor Worker kers: s: Max Stirn Stirner, er, Arthu Arthurr Rim[82] P. Houe and and S. H. Rosse Rossel, l,  Images of America in Scandibaud, Robe Robert rt Johnson, and the Charles Manso Manson n Circ Circle:  le:  navia  (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1998), ISBN 1998),  ISBN 90-420-0611Studies in Moral Experience and Cultural Expression (Lan0, p. 77. ISBN 0-7391 0-7391-1200 -1200-7 -7,, ham MD: Lexingto Lexingtonn Books, Books, 2005), 2005),ISBN [83] P. Buckle Buckley, y,  The Rough Guide to Rock , (Rough Guides , 1999), ISBN 1999),  ISBN 1858284570 1858284570,, p.26

p. 84.

[101] J. Wie Wiener ner,,   Come Come Toge ogethe ther: r: Jo John hn Lenno Lennon n in his Tim Timee (Chicago (Chicag o IL: Uni Universi versity ty of Illinois Press, 1991), 1991), ISBN  ISBN 0[84] P. Stump, Stump, Digital Gothic: a Critical Discography of T Tanan252-06131-4,, pp. 124-6 252-06131-4 124-6..  gerine Dream  (Wembley, Middlesex: SAF, 1997), ISBN 1997),  ISBN 0-946719-18-7,, p. 33. 0-946719-18-7  “SMiLE The Beach Boys: revie review” w”,,  All[102] R. Unterberge Unterberger, r, “SMiLE music . Retrieved 15 March 2012. [85] V. Bogdanov, Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erle Erlewine, wine, All Music  Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul 

DeRogatis, s, Turn On Your Mind: Four Decades of Great  (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN [103] J. DeRogati Psychedelic Rock  (Milwaukie,   (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard, 2003), 0-87930-653-X,, pp. 13410-87930-653-X 1341-3. 3. ISBN 0-634-05548-8 0-634-05548-8,, pp. 35-9. [86] V. Bogdanov, Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erle Erlewine, wine, All Music  Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul  [104] “Garage rock”, Billboard , 29 July 2006, 118 (30), p. 11. (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN [105] D. Gom Gomery, ery,   Media Media in Ameri America: ca: the Wilso Wilson n Qua Quarte rterl rly y 0-87930-653-X,, pp. 349-5 0-87930-653-X 349-50. 0. Reader , (Washi (Washingto ngtonn DC: Wo Woodro odrow w Wils Wilson on Cen Center ter Press, Press, 0-943875-87-0,, pp. 181-2 181-2.. 2nd edn., 1998), ISBN 1998), ISBN 0-943875-87-0 [87] V. Bogdanov, Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erle Erlewine, wine, All Music  Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul 

Whiteley, y,  Too Much Too Young: Young: Pop Popular ular Music, Age (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN [106] S. Whitele and Gender   (London (London:: Routledg Routledge, e, 2005),  ISBN 0-4150-87930-653-X,, pp. 85-6. 0-87930-653-X 31029-6,, p. 147. 31029-6 [88] T. Rawlin Rawlings, gs, Then, Now and Rare British Beat 1960-1969 Unterberger, r, S. Hicks and J. Dempse Dempsey, y, Music USA: the (London: (Londo n: Omnibus Pr Press, ess, 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN 0-7119-9094-8 0-7119-9094-8,, [107] R. Unterberge Rough Guide   (Lon (London: don: Rough Gui Guides, des, 1999),  ISBN 1p. 191. 85828-421-X,, p. 31. 85828-421-X [89] V. Bogdanov, Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erle Erlewine, wine, All Music  Wolff and and O. Duan Duane, e, Country Music: The Rough Guide Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul  [108] K. Wolff  ISBN 1-85828-534-8, (London: (Londo n: Rough Guid Guides, es, 2000), 2000), ISBN 1-85828-534-8, p. (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN 392. 0-87930-653-X,, pp. 635-6 0-87930-653-X 635-6.. [90] M. Wood, Wood,   “Dengue “Dengue Fe Fever ver:: Mul Multic ticlti lti Ange Angelano lanoss craf craftt [109] V. Bogdanov, Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erle Erlewine, wine, All Music  border-bluring grooves”  Spin, January 2008, p. 46. Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul  (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN  “Various Artists: Cambodian Rocks Vol. [91] R. Unterber Unterberger, ger, “Various 0-87930-653-X,, p. 1327. 0-87930-653-X 1: review”, review”, Allmusic  retrieved  retrieved 1 April 2012. [110] V. Bogdanov, Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erle Erlewine, wine, All Music  Progre gress[92]  “KOREAN PSYCH & ACID FOLK, part 1”. 1” . Pro Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul  sive.homestead.com. Retrieved 2013-02-03. (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 2002),  ISBN 0-87930-653-X, 0-87930-653-X , pp. 61 and 265. [93] V. Karaege, Karaege, Erkin  Erkin Koray   Allmusic . Retri Retriev eved ed 1 Apri Aprill 2012.

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7

NOTES 

 

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Text Text a and nd iimage mage sour sources, ces, contrib contributors, utors, and llic icense ensess

8. 8.1 1 •

Text   Psychedelic rock   Source:   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock?oldid=675023545   Contributors:   Sodium, Mav, The Anome,

Sjc, Gareth Owen, JeLuF, Modemac, Hephaestos, Soulpatch, Jazz77, Kwertii, Llywrch, Lexor, Bobby D. 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McCartney, E-Kartoffel, Lenn0r, Condem, Robertstjames, Robertstjames, StanfordPro StanfordProgrammer, grammer, MTSbot~enwiki, Rkelle Rkelley65, y65, Sifaka, Keahapana, DabMachine, OnBeyondZebrax, Iridescent, JoeBot, Skapur, Panicoffice, BaronZemo, Dave420, Aeternus, DougHill, Buckyboy314, Anger22, Daniel5127, Fdssdf, LessHeard vanU, Greg Fasolino, Mostly Zen, Tankstillton, Aoecean, CmdrObot, Geremia, Harej bot, ShelfSkewed, Andrew Kirschner, Equendil, R4x, Pwr.max, Mcgillionaire, Steel, Michaelas10, Gogo Dodo, Bridgecross, A Softer Answer, Ss112, Ikcyzrteip, Ikcyzrteip, Tawkerbot4, Torc2, RottweilerCS, Chris Henniker, TrevorRC, John R Murray, JamesAM, CrazyChatHomme, PEJL, Sry85, Sry85, IXIA,Atechi, IXIA,Atechi, DanTD DanTD,, Stoshmaste Stoshmaster, r, All systems systems go, BruceTetlow, BruceTetlow, Pau PaulVIF,Chubble lVIF,Chubbles, s, Red157, Jhsounds, Jhsounds, Ghmy Ghmyrtle rtle,, Andrz Andrzeejbanas, JAnDbot, Dogru144, Kurrgo master of planet x, Matthew Fennell, Dan.mcnabb, MegX, Snowynight, Y2kcrazyjoker4, .anacondabot, Geni Geniac, ac, Wildhartli Wildhartlivie, vie, Magi Magioladi oladitis, tis, 75pi 75pickup ckup,, VoABot VoABot II, Mclay1, Mclay1, ***Ri ***Ria777, a777, Twsx Twsx,, Hif Hifromm rommike ike65, 65, JaGa, Jayw Jaywhitte hitten, n, TorbenFr TorbenFrost, ost, Gjd001, Dennis Kussinich 08, Kodoryu, Bruin69, CommonsDelinker, FMAFan1990, Lhynard, FruitMonkey, Petmas1985, Elwood17, Weadmttothetruth, Weadmttothe truth, Allreet, Nikhil 1988007, Terraleone, Terraleone, Jampilot, Regenspazier Regenspaziergang, gang, Dwaink, ACSE, CRouleau, Mentzabides, SorrowD, Magnol~enwiki, Chopdawg, Philip Trueman, Mojo78, Butseriouslyfolks, EuTuga, Mercurywoodrose, Davehi1, Asarlaí, Ridernyc, Saber girl08, JeffBongi, Slysplace, ^demonBot2, Leighu, Enigmaman, IL7Soulhunter, MWielage, Altermike, Altermike, TMMATT, Lou72JG, Thisismyrofl, Thisismyrofl, Qworty, Pjoef, Klippa, Munci, Traxinet, Ethylenediamine, Peter Fleet, Strangest1, PlanetStar, Darrell Wheeler, 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Imag Images es   File:Audio_a.svg Source:  File:Audio_a.svg  Source:   https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Audio_a.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Audio_a.svg License:  Public  Public domain   Contributors: 

  'A'_(PSF).png Original artist:  'A'_(PSF).png  'A'_(PSF).png:: Pearson Scott Foresman   File:Blur_at_Ros File:Blur_at_Roskilde_Festival_1 kilde_Festival_1999.jpg 999.jpg Source:   Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Blur_at_Roskilde_Festival_ 1999.jpg  License:  CC   CC BY 2.0  Contributors:   Blur Blur (Roskilde Festival 1999)  Original artist:  Hunter Desportes •   File:CAROUSEL_ File:CAROUSEL_BALLROOM BALLROOM_MASTER.jpg _MASTER.jpg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/40/CAROUSEL_ BALLROOM_MASTER.jpg License:  CC-BY-SA-3.0   CC-BY-SA-3.0  Contributors:  Own work •

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/Atco Records (the band’s record label at one time).

 

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Grossman. His management information is shown on the identical, autographed copy of the image. •

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