Qualitative Impact Assessment of The Peru Subsectoral Irrigation Project - Phase I

 

Xfrid Lok` - Akdgpgkdgkt Gvoiuotafk Hrfup

_uoiatotavg Ampoet Ossgssmgkt fc tbg ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget ― ^bosg A

Loe`hrfukd ^opgr

Hustovf Hutagrrgz okd ^omgio Sgigz-Sgho

Xosbakhtfk DE Oprai, <>>1 

 

 

Oerfkyms okd Ollrgvaotafks OTD\ EG^GU EFCADG D\O

Tgebkaeoi Odmakastrotfr fc Arrahotafk Dastraet ( Odmakastoeaõk  Odmakastoeaõk Táekaeo Táekaeo dg Dastratf dg \aghf) ^gruvaok Egktgr cfr Ufeaoi Utudags (Egktrf ^gruokf dg Gstudafs Ufeaoigs) Dgvgifpmgkt Cakokeakh Efrpfrotafk (Efrpfroeaõk Cakokeagro dg Dgsorrfiif) \ghafkoi Dargetfrotg fc Ohraeuiturg (Dargeeaõk \ghafkoi dg Ohraeuituro)

GKOBF GKO^\FSG CTO AE\ AGH AKODG AKEOH\F

Koeafkoi dg Bfhorgs) Kotafkoi (Gkeugsto Kotafkoi Bfusgbfid ^rfduetafk Uurvgy okd Uoigs Uurvgy (Gkeugsto Koeafkoi dg ^rfdueeaõk y Sgktos) Crgg trodg ohrggmgkt Ampigmgktotafk Efmpigtafk \gpfrt Akdgpgkdgkt Gvoiuotafk Hrfup Kotafkoi Dgvgifpmgkt Akstatutg (Akstatutf Koeafkoi dg Dgsorrfiif) Ohraeuituroi Akkfvotafk okd Efmpgtatavgkgss ^rfhrom (Akkfvoeaõk y Efmpgtatavadod poro gi Ohrf ^gruokf) Xotgr \gsfuregs Aktgkdokey (Aktgkdgkeao dg \geursfs Bídraefs) Kotafkoi Lford fc Xotgr Wsgrs Frhokazotafks fc Arrahotafk Dastraets (Jukto Koeafkoi dg Wsuorafs dg ifs Dastratfs dg \aghf dgi ^gru) Jukto dg Wsuorafs  Kfk hfvgrkmgktoi frhokazotafk ^rfjget Effrdakotakh Wkat

A\B JKWD\^ JW KHF ^EW ^G\OT

Gxtgksafk ak Arrahotafk okd Tgebkaeoi Ossastokeg ^rfhrom (^rfhromo dg Gxtgksaõk gk \aghf y

 Osastgkeao Táekaeo Táekaeo)

^G\^GE

Upgeaoi ^rfhrom cfr \avgr Ebokkgiakh okd ^rftgetafk fc Eopturg Utrueturgs (^rfhromo dg Gkeouzomagktf dg \ífs y ^rftgeeaõk dg Gstrueturos dg Eoptoeaõk) ^A\T Akegktavg ^rfhrom cfr Arrahotafk Tgebkacaeotafk (^rfhromo dg Akegktavfs poro io Tgekacaeoeaõk gk \aghf) ^\FKOMOEBEU Kotafk Kotafkoi oi ^rfhrom cfr Xo Xotgrsbgd tgrsbgd Mok Mokohgmgkt ohgmgkt okd Uf Ufaiai Efksgrv Efksgrvotafk otafk (^rfhromo Koeafkoi dg Mokgjf dg Eugkeos Badrfhrïcaeos y Efksgrvoeaõk dg Uugifs) ^UA Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget UO\ Utocc Opproasoi \gpfrt UGKOUO Kotafkoi Ohraeuituroi Uokatory Ugrvaeg XWF Xotgr Wsgr Frhokazotafk

Oe`kfwigdhgmgkts Tbg rgpfrt wos wrattgk ly Egsor Hustovf Hutagrrgz okd ^omgio Sgigz-Sgho, efksuitokts fc tbg Efrpfrotg, Hifloi okd Mgtbfds ukat fc tbg Akdgpgkdgkt Gvoiuotafk Hrfup (AGHEH). (AGHEH). Tbg ossgssmgkt tgom rgegavgd huadokeg crfm Ramgko Dgi Eorpaf (AGHEH) okd mgtbfdfifhaeoi odvaeg crfm Argkg Jaiisfk (Hgfrhgtfwk Wkavgrsaty). Bgkry Eura prfvadgd cagid wfr` suppfrt okd Juiao Lgbrmok ossastgd watb gdatakh. Tbg outbfrs opprgeaotg tbg efiiolfrotafk fc oii tbg portaeapotakh akstatutafks okd akcfrmokts ak tbg ossgssmgkt. Upgeaoi opprgeaotafk hfgs tf Hgrmok Igkeb okd Fseor Mfrftg (^UA) okd tf tbg ^UA mokohgmgkt okd tgebkaeoi tgom cfr tbg suppfrt havgk durakh tbg ampigmgktotafk fc tbg cagid wfr`. Tbg outbfrs oisf rgefhkazg tbg suppfrt crfm tbg AGHEH mokohgmgkt tgom.

 

 

Efktgkts ? 

Loe`hrfukd VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV? VVVVVVV? 

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^rfjget Dgseraptafk VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV V <  

5  

MgtbfdfifhyVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV4   Utudy Dgsahk VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV VV 4 

5.?  5.< 

\gspfkdgkt Eotghfrags okd Uompig VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVV 7 

5.5 

Doto Efiigetafk Mgtbfds VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 8 

5.4 

Doto Okoiysas VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV ?> 

5.5.?  5.5.< 

4  

Cakdakhs VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV?? VV??   4.? 

^rfjgett Dgsahk okd Ampigmgktotafk VVVVVVVVVV ^rfjge VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVV ?? 

4.<  4.5 

Gccgets fk Ohraeuituroi Ohraeuituroi ^rfduetav ^rfduetavaty aty VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVV ?8  ^rfjgett Gccgets fk ^gruvaok ohraeuiturg ^rfjge ohraeuiturg VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVV V << 

4.4 

Kfk-prfjget Kfk-pr fjget Coetfrs tbot Akciugkeg Akciugkeg ^gruvaok ohraeuiturg ohraeuiturg VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVV V 55 

4.7 

Sasafks cfr Ohraeuituroi Ugetfr ak ^gru VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVV 54 

4.?.?  4.?.<  4.?.5 

4.5.?  4.5.<  4.5.5 

7  

Akstrumgkts VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV8 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV8  Doto Efiigetafk ^rfegss VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV1 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV1 

Fljgetavgs Fljget avgs okd efkegptuoi efkegptuoi opprfo opprfoeb eb VVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV?? VVVVVVV??  Ampigmgktotafk strotghy VVVVVVV Ampigmgktotafk VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV?< VVV?<  Eboiigkhgs okd coeaiatotakh coetfrsVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV?7 

Gccgets fk \uroi AkstatutafksVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV<<  Gccgets fk Akdavaduoi Cormgrs okd tbgar Bfusgbfids VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV <8  Gccgets fk Efmmukatags, Mor`gts okd ttbg bg Gkvarfkmgkt VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 5> 

Efkeiusafks VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVV52  VVVVVV52  

\gcgrgkegs VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVV4>  VVVV4>   Okkgxgs VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV4? VVVVVVV4? 

 

 

? Loe`hrfukd Xfrid Lok` ohraeuituroi ossastokeg as sgt tf akergosg sahkacaeoktiy ak tbg efmakh ygors0 bfwgvgr, tbgrg rgmoaks ioe` fc gvadgkeg fk wbot cgoturgs f fcc post ohraeuituroi prfhroms wgrg gccgetavg. Lgcfrg kgw prfhroms org dgsahkgd okd ampigmgktgd o tbfrfuhb ukdgrstokdakh fc wbot dad okd dad kft wfr` ak post prfjgets as kggdgd. Ak tbas efktgxt, AGH dgsahkgd o lrfod study, Wsakh Ampoet Gvoiuotafk tf Adgktacy Xbot Xfr`s tf Amprfvg Ohraeuituroi ^rfduetavaty,   watb tbg fljgetavg fc oddrgssakh tbg cfiifwakh qugstafks: ?) wbot dfgs tbg gvadgkeg ak ohraeuiturg crfm gxastakh ampoet gvoiuotafks okd kgw wfr` ukdgrto`gk cfr tbas   ? rgpfrt rgvgoi olfut wbot gccgetavgiy akergosgs cormgrs‑ prfduetavaty0 <) wbot df sto`gbfidgrs pgregavg os tbg mojfr eotoiysts cfr akergosakh cormgr prfduetavaty, okd tf wbot gxtgkt df tbgsg pgregptafks bfid watb tbg gvadgkeg6 Tbg AGH ohraeuituroi study cfeusgs fk ossgssakh tbg ampoet fc post post prfjgets fk prfduetavaty lgeousg ifw-prfduetavaty fc iokd okd iolfr org ot tbg bgort fc ruroi pfvgrty. Tbas lrfod study efksasts fc twf mojfr sgetafks. Carst , o mgto-okoiysas fc oii Lok` okd kfk-Lok` ohraeuituroi ampoet gvoiuotafks adgktacagd tbrfuhb ok gxtgksavg iatgroturg sgoreb prfegss. Ugefkd, tbrgg maxgd-mgtbfd ampoet gvoiuotafks (^gru, Moiowa okd Sagtkom) gkefmpossakh lftb quoktatotavg okd quoiatotavg gvoiuotafk sgetafks. Tbas loe`hrfukd loe`hrfukd po popgr pgr prgsgkts tbg cakdakhs fc tbg quoiatotavg ossgssmgkt fc tbg carst pbosg fc tbg ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget (^UA). At as ok aktghroi port fc tbg maxgd-mgtbfd ampoet gvoiuotafk fc tbg AGH ohraeuituroi study okd as dgsahkgd tf akcfrm tbg cakdakhs fc tbg quoktatotavg efmpfkgkt. Tbg popgr prfvadgs o dykomae vagw cfr tbg quoktatotavg okoiysas tf oiifw cfr o mfrg rflust ukdgrstokdakh fc tbg ampoet fc tbg prfjget os wgii os tbg ebokkgis tbrfuhb wbaeb ebokhgs ak prfduetavaty wgrg ottoakgd.

 Uto`gbfidgrs org dgcakgd os pgfpig fr akstatutafks wbf wgrg akvfivgd ak tbg piokkakh, ampigmgktakh okd gvoiuotafk fc o prfhrom. Lgkgcaeaorags org oisf sto`gbfidgrs okd tbgar pgregptafks waii lg akeiudgd wbgk okswgrakh tbas qugstafk.  ?

 

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< ^rfjget Dgseraptafk Tbg carst pbosg fc tbg ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget (^UA) wos ampigmgktgd lgtwggk ?118 okd <>>4 okd oamgd ot akergosakh ohraeuituroi prfduetafk okd prfduetavaty ak tbg ^oeacae efost fc ^gru ly mo`akh gxastakh puliae arrahotafk systgms systgms mfrg sustoakolig okd gccaeagkt. Tbg prfjget aktgkdgd tf damakasb tbg rfig fc tbg puliae sgetfr ak arrahotafk, okd tf dgvgifp o dgegktroiazgd arrahotafk systgm ly strgkhtbgkakh tbg < mokohgraoimoaktgkokeg okd fpgrotafkoi fc wotgr usgr frhokazotafks, gksurakh efst rgefvgry fc fpgrotafk, okdeopoeatags eopatoi akvgstmgkt fc arrahotafk systgmstbgrgly . Ak ^g ^gru, ru, wotgrcuii usgr frhokazotafks (XWFs) akeiudg Juktos dg Wsuorafs  ―gkefmpossakh arrahotafk dastraets―   okd arrahotafk efmmassafks (efmasafkgs dg rghoktgs   ak Upokasb) ―gkefmpossakh arrahotafk sgetfrs watbak tbg Jukto   jurasdaetafk (cfr oddatafkoi akcfrmotafk sgg Okkgx ?). 5

4

Tbg tftoi efst fc tbg prfjget wos kgoriy WU$??4 maiiafk.   At efksastgd fc tbrgg moak efmpfkgkts:   (o) rgbolaiatotafk fc arrahotafk akcrostrueturg, (l) akstatutafkoi dgvgifpmgkt okd strgkhtbgkakh fc XWFs, okd (e) akegktavg prfhrom cfr arrahotafk arrahotafk tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt. Tbg tbard efmpfkgkt bod twf sulefmpfkgkts: (a) ^G\OT - gxtgksafk prfhrom tf amprfvg arrahotafk okd cormakh proetaegs, okd (aa) ^A\T - gefkfmae akegktavg prfhrom (motebakh hrokts) cfr cormgrs odfptakh mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags, portaeuioriy drap arrahotafk. 7

Oeefrdakh tf tbg Xfrid Lok`‑s UO\ , tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt wos aktgkdgd tf rgbolaiatotg arrahotafk okd droakohg akcrostrueturg ak olfut <7 puliae arrahotafk sebgmgs tf lgkgcat 7>,>>> ruroi bfusgbfids fvgr ok gstamotgd orgo fc fc <>>,>>> bo. At wos frahakoiiy dgsahkgd tf wfr` fk o ? ?>>%>>%efst rgefvgry systgm ly bovakh XWFs lfrrfw mfkgy crfm pravotg lok`s okd rgpoy at watb wotgr cgg efiigetafk rgsfuregs. Tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt wos d dgsahkgd gsahkgd tf luaid tbg mokohgraoi okd fpgrotafkoi eopoeatags fc XWFs tf ottoak cuii rgefvgry fc fpgrotafkoi okd moaktgkokeg efsts okd tf prfmftg tbg ifkh-tgrm sustoakolaiaty sustoakolaiaty fc tbg prfjget. Oetavatags ukdgr tbas efmpfkgkt akeiudgd tbg troakakh fc XWFs‑ igodgrs okd tgebkaeoi okd odmakastrotavg pgrsfkkgi ak tbg orgos fc cakokeg, odmakastrotafk, okd fpgrotafk okd moaktgkokeg (F&M) fc arrahotafk systgms. Tbg gxtgksafk prfhrom prfhrom sulefmpfkgkt (^G\OT) aktgkdgd tf troak okd cakokeg gxtgksafk fccaegrs tf prfmftg kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhags okd cormakh proetaegs omfkh cormgrs. XWFs wgrg gxpgetgd tf portiy cakokeg tbg soiorags fc tbg gxtgksafk fccaegrs. Cakoiiy, tbg gefkfmae akegktavg sulefmpfkgkt (^A\T) efksastgd fc o fkg-tamg motebakh hrokt tf cormgrs akvgstakh ak mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhy ― mfstiy drap aarrahotafk. rrahotafk. Lgkgcaeaorags wgrg gxpgetgd tf efktralutg olfut <1 pgregkt fc tbg tftoi akvgstmgkt. Tbas sulefmpfkgkt oisf gkvasafkgd ok 2>-pgregkt motebakh hrokt cfr cormgrs watb cgwgr tbok ?7 bgetorgs okd o egaiakh fc 7> pgregkt cfr cormgrs fwkakh mfrg tbok ?7 bgetorgs. 3

Tbg AE\   rgpfrtgd tbot oitbfuhb tbg tbrgg ^UA efmpfkgkts dgseralgd olfvg wgrg sueegsscuiiy ampigmgktgd, sfmg fc tbgm ukdgrwgkt sahkacaeokt flstoeigs okd dgsahk mfdacaeotafks lgeousg fc tbg aktgrcgrgkeg fc ukoktaeapotgd gxtgrkoi coetfrs. Twf coetfrs occgetgd tbg arrahotafk rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt. Carst, pravotg igkdakh tf cukd tbg ampigmgktotafk fc tbg arrahotafk rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt dad kft motgraoiazg, cfreakh tbg prfjget effrdakotakh ukat (^EW) tf to`g fvgr tbg gxgeutafk fc tbg arrahotafk rgbolaiatotafk okd mo`akh tbg XWFs efvgr fkiy ?7-5>% fc tbg akvgstmgkt efsts, akstgod fc tbg ?>>%-cuiirgefvgry efst sebgmg frahakoiiy frahakoiiy piokkgd. Ugefkd, fkiy 41 pgregkt fc tbg efmpfkgkt‑s frahakoi akvgstmgkt 8 cukds wgrg daslursgd lgeousg prfjget cukds wgrg davgrtgd tf oddrgss tbg ?112 Gi Kaÿf koturoi dasostgr . <

 Xfrid Lok` (<>>4). ^gru Arrahotafk Uulsgetfr ^rfjget. Ampigmgktotafk Efmpigtafk \gpfrt. Dgegmlgr <>, <>>4. p. <.  Tbg frahakoi tftoi efst gstamotg wos WU$?8< maiiafk (Xfrid Lok`, ?113). 4  Tbg prfjget dgsahk akeiudgd o cfurtb efmpfkgkt (dom socgty gmgrhgkey prfhrom) wbaeb wos ampigmgktgd ly o daccgrgkt hfvgrkmgkt ohgkey (AKODG) okd bod iattig aktgroetafk watb tbg ftbgr tbrgg efmpfkgkts (Xfrid Lok`, <>>4). 7  Xfrid Lok` (?113). ^gru Arrahotafk Uulsgetfr ^rfjget. Utocc Opproasoi \gpfrt (\gpfrt Kf. ?574<-^G). 3  Xfrid Lok` (<>>4). Fp. eat. 5

8

 Tbg AE\Akstotgs tbot o57% fc tbg prfjget ifok cukds tf efvgr rgiotakh tf tbg ?112 Kaÿf koturoi dasostgr. oddatafk, $3>-maiiafk ef-cakokeakh cukdwgrg crfmrgoiifeotgd tbg Jopok Lok` cfr gmgrhgkey Aktgrkotafkoiwfr`s Effp Effpgrotafk grotafk (JLAE) kgvgrGimotgraoiazgd (Xfrid Lok`, <>>4).

 

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Ak spatg fc tbg cakokeaoi sbfrtcoii, tbg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt wos ampigmgktgd sueegsscuiiy. At rgbolaiatotgd, rgluait fr amprfvgd ?37 moak akto`gs, ?,<78 strueturgs, 41 wgiis, okd 5?5 `m fc eoko eokois. is. At as gstamotgd tf bovg lgkgcatgd ?<7,<>> comaiags (<7>% fc tbg torhgt comaiags) okd 445,>>> bo (<<<% fc frahakoi torhgt) lgifkhakh tf 4> Juktos dg Wsuorafs . Tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt wos ampigmgktgd os gxpgetgd. Oii 34 XWFs gxastakh ak tbg efost wgrg torhgtgd cfr troakakh okd eopoeaty luaidakh, oitbfuhb 4> rgegavgd o bahbgr dghrgg fc ottgktafk. Tbas rgsuitgd ak ok akergosgd kumlgr fc cakokeaoiiy okd tgebkaeoiiy outfkfmfus XWFs crfm twf, lgcfrg tbg prfjget ampigmgktotafk, 55 ly <>>40 tbas kgw stotus tbgmampigmgktgd tf lgefmg giahalig rgegavg suppfrt crfm akcrostrueturg tf rgbolaiatotafk rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt. Tbg oiifwgd efmpfkgkt oetavatagstf tf roasg oworgkgss fk usgrs‑ rahbts okd dutags fc kgoriy 2>,>>> cormgrs okd ?28 arrahotafk efmmassafks rgegavgd troakakh fk F&M, toracc efiigetafk, okd odmakastrotafk. Oetavatags oisf akeiudgd troakakh ?2,>>> cormgrs fk losae efkegpts fc arrahotafk akcrostrueturg mokohgmgkt, os wgii os kgoriy 7,>>> XWF mgmlgrs fk efst rgefvgry pfiaeags, wotgr eborhg rotg strueturgs, efkstruetafk okd efktroet mokohgmgkt. Tbg akegktavg prfhrom efmpfkgkt succgrgd sahkacaeokt dgioys okd o sbfrtcoii fc cukdakh lut ak spatg fc tbgsg sbfrtefmakhs tbg AE\ rotgd at os sotascoetfraiy ampigmgktgd. Tbg AE\ outbfrs stotgd tbot tbg gxtgksafk prfhrom sulefmpfkgkt dad kft pgrcfrm os gxpgetgd okd wos dgioygd lgeousg tbg XWFs wgrg ukolig tf ef-cakokeg gxtgksafk fccaegrs os frahakoiiy piokkgd. Tbas cfregd tbg ^UA tf troak cormgrs dargetiy fk gxtgksafk sgrvaegs. Oeefrdakh tf ^UA df dfeumgktotafk, eumgktotafk, olfut 7>,>>> cormgrs w wgrg grg troakgd fk mfrg gccaeagkt arrahotafk tgebkaqugs: 8,8>> fc tbg troakggs org gstamotgd tf bovg oppiagd tbg `kfwigdhg tbgy oequargd aktf tbgar cormakh proetaegs. Tbg rgvagwgd dfeumgktotafk oisf eioamgd tbot tbgrg wgrg wgrg mfdgst oebagvgmgkts ak tbg ergotafk fc o mor`gt cfr tgebkaeoi ossastokeg. Tbg gefkfmae ak akegktavg egktavg sulefmpfkgkt ukdgrwgkt o 53-pgregkt rgduetafk fc ats cakokeakh os o rgsuit fc tbg rgoiifeotafk fc cukds cfr Gi Kaÿf gmgrhgkey wfr`s, oeefrdakh tf tbg AE\. At wos mgktafkgd tbot tbg sulefmpfkgkt oisf succgrgd dgioys, lgeousg lgkgcaeaorags coegd daccaeuitags ak fltoakakh cakokeakh. Tbg AE\ rgpfrtgd tbot cavg efmpgtatafks tf oiifeotg motebakh hrokts wgrg ukdgrto`gk, wbaeb rgsuitgd ak <7< prfjgets lgkgcatakh opprfxamotgiy ?,>>> comaiags ak o 4,1>>-bo orgo (87 pgregkt fc tbg torhgt). Lgkgcaeaory efktralutafks hroduoiiy akergosgd crfm ok frahakoi piok fc <2 pgregkt tf 47 pgregkt. Ak spatg fc tbg ocfrgmgktafkgd iamatotafks, tbg rgvagwgd dfeumgktotafk akdaeotgs tbot tbg akegktavg prfhrom sahkacaeoktiy sueeggdgd ak tbrgg orgos. Carst, at aktrfduegd akkfvotavg okd mfrg gccaeagkt arr arrahotafk ahotafk tgebkfifhags cfr hrovaty okd drap drap arrahotafk. Ugefkd, at sahkacaeoktiy amprfvgd erfp yagids yagids cfr egrtoak erfps, gspgeaoiiy mokhfgs okd popra`o. Cakoiiy, at akergosgd mor`gt oeegss cfr cormgrs tbrfuhb tbg ergotafk fc 2 ?>< prfduetafk eboaks.   Tbgsg prfduetafk eboaks bod kft lggk efkegavgd ak tbg frahakoi prfjget dgsahk, lut wgrg oddgd tf rgspfkd tf cormgrs‑ dgmokd. Xatb rgspget tf prfjget sustoakolaiaty, tbg dghrgg fc gccgetavgkgss oebagvgd ly XWFs wos efksadgrgd ly 1 tbg prfjget gvoiuotafk   tbg eotoiyzakh coetfr cfr oiifwakh XWFs tf lg cakokeaoiiy okd tgebkaeoiiy outfkfmfus. Tbg olaiaty tf rgoeb okd sustoak bahb wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs wos efksadg efksadgrgd rgd tbg `gy ak lftb tbg sustoakolaiaty fc tbg XWFs okd fc tbg fljgetavgs fc tbg ^UA. Os o rgsuit fc tbg portaoi oeefmpiasbmgkt fc torhgts dug tf tbg sbfrtcoii fc cukds durakh tbg carst pbosg (sgg cfftkftg 5), ak <>>7 tbg Lok` opprfvgd o suppigmgktoi cakokeakh fpgrotafk tf moaktoak suppfrt tf `gy efmpfkgkts fc tbg prfjget tf bgip eifsg tbg torhgt hop. Tbg sgefkd pbosg f fcc tbg prfjget akeiudgd ok akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt tf prfvadg suppfrt tf akcrostrueturg wfr`s cfr XWFs tbot dad kft lgkgcat durakh tbg carst pbosg0 o kgw akegktavg prfhrom cfr tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt tf gxpokd tbg tgebkacaeotafk fc arrahotafk cfr cormgr hrfups tbrfuhb o ef-cakokeg efmpgtatavg prfegss0 okd akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh okd eopoeaty luaidakh efmpfkgkt tf luaid fk okd efmpigmgkt oebagvgmgkts ak tbg suljget crfm tbg prgvafus pbosg. At oisf akeiudgd o efmpfkgkt tf suppfrt tbg cfrmoiazotafk fc wotgr rahbts okd tbg ampigmgktotafk fc o wotgr rgsfuregs strotghy. Tbg sgefkd pbosg fc tbg prfjget wos wos efmpigtakh ats oetavatags ot tbg tamg tbas study wos dgsahkgd okd eorragd fut. 2

 Akvfivgd frhokazakh cormgrs hrfups oerfss prfduetafk aktgrgsts, prfvadakh tbgm watb tgebkaeoi ossastokeg okd efkkgetakh tbgm watb luygrs. 1  EG^GU (<>>4). Gvoiuoeaõk dgi Dgsgmpgÿf Akstatueafkoi Akstatueafkoi dgi ^rfygetf Uulsgetfraoi dg Arrahoeafkgs ― ^UA. Akcfrmg Cakoi.

 

5

 

5 Mgtbfdfifhy _uoiatotavg mgtbfds prfvadg ok ampfrtokt efmpigmgkt tf quoktatotavg rgsgoreb, gspgeaoiiy wbgk gvoiuotakh tbg ampoet fc o dgvgifpmgkt prfjget. _uoktatotavg doto y yagids agids ampfrtokt akcfrmotafk olfut igvgis okd ebokhgs ak futefmg okd ampoet akdaeotfrs, okd olfut stotastaeoi rgiotafks lgtwggk tbgsg okd ftbgr ampfrtokt voraoligs. Uueb kumgrae akdaeotfrs org kgegssory lu lutt uitamotgiy aksuccaeagkt tf prfvadg ok ak-dgptb ukdgrstokdakh fc tbg eareumstokegs wbaeb tbg prfjget pioeg okd ampoet tbg prfjget bod fk akdavaduois, bfusgbfids, efmmukatags ak okd efuktrags wbfsgtff` ohraeuituroi okdtbg gefkfmae kggds tbg prfjget wos dgsahkgd tf oddrgss. Gvgk tbfuhb ampoet gvoiuotafks eok lg pgrcfrmgd usakh gxeiusavgiy quoktatotavg mgtbfds, tbg usg fc lftb mgtbfds oiifw tbg rgsgorebgr tf hgt eifsgr tf tbg ’rgoi paeturg” ly to`akh odvoktohg fc lftb wfrids okd rgdueakh tbg coiialaiaty tbot moy rgsuit crfm tbg usg fc fkg mgtbfd oifkg (Efkhgr okd Tfghgi, <>><0 \of okd Xffiefe`, <>>5). Tbas study as tbg quoiatotavg ossgssmgkt fc tbg Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget, ^rfjget, okd port o maxgd-mgtbfd ampoet gvoiuotafk. Tbg mgtbfdfifhy fc tbg study as prgsgktgd ak tbg cfiifwakh suleboptgrs: (o) study dgsahk0 (l) rgspfkdgkt eotghfrags okd sompig0 (e) doto efiigetafk mgtbfds0 okd (d) doto okoiysas.

5.? Utudy Dgsahk Tbg dgsahk fc tbg quoiatotavg ampoet ossgssmgkt oamgd ot ukdgrstokdakh tbg lrfod coetfrs tbot occgetgd prfduetavaty ak tbg aktgrvgktafk orgos os wgii os tbg ebokkgis tbrfuhb wbaeb prfjget aktgrvgktafks akciugkegd prfduetavaty. At oisf iff`gd tf gxpfsg tbg eosuoi iak`s lgtwggk gvgkts, prfegssgs okd voraoligs tbot wgrg gxpgetgd tf bgip gxpioak prfjgets‑ futefmgs okd ampoets (Xrahbt okd Efpgsto`g, <>>4). Tbg quoiatotavg ossgssmgkt oisf aktgkdgd aktgkdgd tf giueadotg ukeigor quoktatotavg quoktatotavg cakdakhs okd prfvadg eiugs fk ftbgr voraoligs tbot tbot kggdgd tf lg mgosurgd. Tbg spgeacae fljgetavgs fc tbg quoiatotavg ossgssmgkt wgrg: (o) tf fltoak akcfrmotafk tbot wfuid oiifw tbg voiadotafk fr kuiiacaeotafk fc o sgt fc prgdgtgrmakgd coetfrs tbot efuid gxpioak eousg-gccget rgiotafksbaps okd troksmassafk ebokkgis lgtwggk prfjget aktgrvgktafks, prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkts okd/fr bfusgbfid akefmg0 okd (l) tf igork olfut ftbgr mgokakhcui gxpiokotafks fr rgiotafksbaps kft bypftbgsazgd. Tamg okd ludhgt efkstroakts dgtgrmakgd tbot o poroiigi opprfoeb lg usgd cfr tbg aktghrotafk fc quoiatotavg ?> okd quoktatotavg mgtbfds ak tbg lrfod study . Tbg dgsahk efksadgrgd tbot quoiatotavg quoiatotavg cakdakhs lg rgody carst tf akcfrm tbg quoktatotavg okoiysas. Tbus, sgporotg rgsgoreb tgoms wgrg put tfhgtbgr tf eorry fut tbg quoiatotavg okd quoktatotavg studags, tryakh tf gkdurg os mueb daoifhug daoifhug lgtwggk cakdakhs os pfssalig. pfssalig. Ak tbg eosg fc tbg ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget, doto efiigetafk okd okoiysas cfr tbg quoiatotavg ossgssmgkt wgrg eorragd fut ly tbg somg rgsgoreb tgom, wbaeb akeiudgd cagid okd bgodquortgrs efksuitokts. Havgk tbg olsgkeg fc quoktatotavg cakdakhs durakh tbg dgsahk stohg fc tbg quoiatotavg study, tbg quoiatotavg study dgsahk wos os efmprgbgksavg os pfssalig tf oktaeapotg pftgktaoi hops fc akcfrmotafk crfm tbg quoktatotavg study. Hgkgroi bypftbgsas okd rgsgoreb qugstafks wgrg adgktacagd lgcfrg tbg stort fc tbg quoiatotavg study ly sgigetakh orgos fc pftgktaoi ampoets wbgrg prfjget aktgrvgktafks wgrg ia`giy tf occget prfduetavaty oeefrdakh tf gefkfmae tbgfry. Oii orgos fc pftgktaoi prfjget ampoets w wgrg grg adgktacagd okd eiossacagd, okd org prgsgktgd ak Tolig ?. ?. Tbgsg wgrg tbg losas cfr tbg prgporotafk fc tbg doto efiigetafk akstrumgkts (sgg eboptgr 5.5.?). Ak oddatafk, tbg dgsahk usgd o efuktgrcoetuoi opprfoeb tf ossgss tbg rgigvokeg fc prgdgtgrmakgd coetfrs bypftbgsazgd tf akciugkeg prfduetavaty os efmporgd tf ftbgr coetfrs futsadg tbg prfjget sefpg. Tbas wos dfkg ly cfeusakh fk ebokhgs gxpgragkegd ly lgkgcaeaory (trgotmgkt) okd kfk-lgkgcaeaory (efmporasfk) portaeapokts ak tbg somg prfjget aktgrvgktafk orgos durakh o spgeacae pgrafd fc tamg. O efmporotavg ?>

 Tbg frahakoi adgo wos tf usg o sgqugktaoi okd atgrotavg opprfoeb, gatbgr utaiazakh tbg quoktatotavg motgraoi tf cromg spgeacae qugstafks cfr tbg quoiatotavg study fr dgravakh bypftbgsas crfm tbg quoiatotavg wfr` okd tgstakh at watb survgy doto.  

 

4

 

okoiysas wos dfkg lgtwggk lftb hrfups tf prfvadg o mfrg loiokegd vagw fc tbg rfig prfjget aktgrvgktafks pioygd ak amprfvakh cormgrs‑ prfduetavaty okd bfusgbfid akefmg. Tolig ?: Orgos fc pftgktaoi prfjget ampoets Orgo fc ampoet 

Dgseraptafk

Ampoet fk ruroi akstatutafks

Bfw tbg prfjget mahbt bovg occgetgd ruroi akstatutafks akeiudakh lut kft iamatgd tf Xotgr Wsgr Frhokazotafks (XWF) watbak tbg prfjget aktgrvgktafk orgo.

Ampoet fk akdavaduoi cormgrs okd bfusgbfids

Bfw tbg prfjget mahbt bovg akciugkegd cormakh proetaegs, usg fc rgsfuregs (cgrtaiazgrs, iolfr), bfusgbfid akefmg okd prfduetavaty.

Ampoet fk mor`gts okd efmmukaty

Bfw tbg prfjget ampoetgd fk efmmukaty rgiotafksbaps (g.h. efkciaets, aktgroetafks), efmmgreaoiazotafk fc prfduets okd mor`gt ergotafk.

Ampoets ly ftbgr coetfrs

Kfk-prfjget rgiotgd coetfrs tbot tff` pioeg poroiigi tf tbg prfjget aktgrvgktafk okd org lgiagvgd tf bovg ampoetgd prfduetavaty ak tbg aktgrvgktafk orgos. Tbas akeiudgs samaior prfjgets, okd ebokhakh sfeaf-gefkfmae fr gkvarfkmgktoi efkdatafks futsadg fc tbg prfjget sefpg.

Tbg study usgd tbrgg quoiatotavg rgsgoreb mgtbfds: rgvagw fc gxastakh prfjget dfeumgkts, akdavaduoi akdgptb aktgrvagws, okd okd cfeus hrfup daseussafks. Tbg strueturgd rgvagw fc gxastakh prfjget dfeumgkts oamgd ot adgktacyakh pftgktaoi `gy assugs tf lg efvgrgd ak tbg ak-pgrsfk aktgrvagws okd cfeus hrfup daseussafks. Tbg aktgrvagws okd cfeus hrfups akstrumgkts wgrg sgma-strueturgd okd mfduiorazgd oeefrdakh tf tbg prgdgtgrmakgd coetfrs gxpioakgd olfvg (o sgetafk fk prfjget spgeacaes wos oddgd ak sfmg eosgs). Tbg akstrumgkts wgrg usgd usgd tf aktgrvagw o wadg rokhg fc sto`gb sto`gbfidgrs fidgrs akeiudakh lut kft iamatgd tf prfjget stocc, lgkgcaeaory okd kfk-lgkgcaeaory XWFs igodgrs okd cormgrs. Tbg cfiifwakh sulsgetafks gxpioak tbg rgspfkdgkt eotghfrags, sompig sgigetafk, doto efiigetafk prfegdurgs, okd doto okoiysas.

5.< \gspfkdgkt Eotghfrags okd Uompig Tbg eotghfrags fc rgspfkdgkts wgrg dgsahkgd tf gksurg o efmprgbgksavg rgprgsgktotafk fc `gy prfjget sto`gbfidgrs okd huoroktgg o loiokegd sfureg fc akcfrmotafk olfut tbg prfjget vasafk, spgeacaes, oeefmpiasbmgkts okd coaiurgs. Oii pfssalig moak prfjget sto`gbfidgrs wgrg adgktacagd losgd fk prfjget dfeumgkts okd akputs crfm crfm prfjget stocc. Tbg iast fc pftgktaoi akcfrmokts wos wos spiat aktf daccgrgkt eotghfrags losgd fk tbgar igvgi fc `kfwigdhg, okd igvgi fc rgspfksalaiaty fr typg fc aktgroetafk vas-î-vas tbg prfjget. Goeb rgspfkdgkt eotghfry oerfss tbg prfjget wos wos os`gd tbg somg sgt fc efrg q qugstafks. ugstafks. Akataoiiy cavg eotghfrags wgrg adgktacagd. Tbgsg cavg eotghfrags wgrg iotgr wgrg rgduegd tf cfur, os prgsgktgd ak Tolig <. Xatbak tbgsg eotghfrags, tbg rgspfkdgkts wgrg sgigetgd usakh lftb purpfsavg sompiakh (g.h., tbg prgsgkt okd, ac oppiaeolig, prgvafus Tos` Tgom Igodgr) okd efkvgkagkeg sompiakh (g.h., lgkgcaeaorags wbf wgrg ovoaiolig tf portaeapotg ak o cfeus hrfups hrfups okd wbf wgrg waiiakh tf df sf). Eorgcui efksadgrotafk wos havgk tf gksurg tbot moak sto`gbfidgrs‑ vagws wgrg odgquotgiy rgprgsgktgd okd tbot akcfrmokts wgrg `kfwigdhgolig fc `gy assugs rgiotgd rgiotgd tf tbg study‑s rgsgoreb qugstafks. Tbg sgigetafk fc tbg cakoi sompig fc rgspfkdgkts wos dfkg watb akputs crfm `gy Lok` okd prfjget stocc, okd oeefrdakh tf tbg tamg okd ludhgt efkstroakts fc tbg study. Gvgry gccfrt wos pioegd tf gksurg o rgprgsgktotavg, opprfpraotg okd efksastgkt sompig fc akcfrmokts. Tbg prfegss fc sgigetakh akcfrmokts wos atgrotavg okd akvfivgd oddakh okd drfppakh akcfrmokts os tbg Carst , ookd eotghfragssgkafr wgrg lok` pfpuiotgd. prgiamakory iast fc stocc akcfrmokts wos prgporgd cfr eotghfry ?, XWFs okd <, akeiudakh stocc, eurrgkt cfrmgr prfjget okd hfvgrkmgkt fccaegrs. Ugefkd 

 

7

 

wgrg sgigetgd cfr eotghfrags 5 okd 4 watb tbg suppfrt fc prfjget stocc. Tbg sgigetafk fc XWFs wos losg losgd d fk: (o) prgsgkeg fc arrahotafk efmmassafks okd cormgrs bovakh lgkgcatgd crfm lftb tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt okd tbg gefkfmae akegktavg sulefmpfkgkt0 (l) gefkfmae okd mokohgraoi ?? eboroetgrastaes fc XWFs, oeefrdakh tf o EG^GU eiossacaeotafk 0 (e) ovoaiolaiaty fc efuktry quoktatotavg doto ?< cfr tbg quoktatotavg okoiysas 0 okd (d) rghafkoi dastralutafk fc XWFs tf gksurg opprfpraotg hgfhropbaeoi rgprgsgktotafk. Tbg cakoi iast fc sgigetgd Juktos dg Wsuoraf  akeiudgd:   akeiudgd: Sarú okd Ebof ak tbg dgportmgkt fc Io Ialgrtod0 Io Jfyo Oktahuo okd Uokto \ato dg Uabuos ak tbg dgportmgkt fc Orgquapo0 okd Buouro ak tbg dgportmgkt fc Iamo. Tolig <: Eotghfrags fc akcfrmokts Eotghfry Eotghfry ?.

Ugkafr Lok` stocc, hfvgrkmgkt fccaeaois.

Eotghfry <. ^rfjget

stocc dargetiy rgiotgd tf tbg ampigmgktotafk.

Eotghfry 5. 

Lgkgcaeaorags

Eotghfry 4. Efktrfi

hrfup.

Akcfrmokts

Dgseraptafk

Akstrumgkt

XL sgetfr mokohgrs, tos` tgom igodgrs okd fpgrotafkoi stocc. Tbgy oisf akeiudg fccaeaois crfm hfvgrkmgkt okd pravotg frhokazotafks rgiotgd tf tbg prfjget.

\gspfkdgkts bod sfmg `kfwigdhg fk prfjget Akdavaduoi ampigmgktotafk, ats prgsgkt stotus okd ats portaoi aktgrvagws fr fvgroii gxpgetgd okd/fr oetuoi quoiatotavg ampoet okd sustoakolaiaty. Ufmg ukdgrstokd bfw tbg prfjget cat aktf Lok`‑s fr efuktry ohraeuiturg pfrtcfiaf, fr aktf sgetfr pfiaeags ak tbg efuktry.

Eurrgkt okd cfrmgr prfjget stocc, os wgii os sgkafr okd tgebkaeoi prfjget stocc.

Tbgy `kfw tbg mfst olfut tbg prfjget spgeacaes, akeiudakh ats strgkhtbs okd wgo`kgssgs. Dgpgkdakh fk tbgar igvgi fc rgspfksalaiaty, tbgar vasafk wos gatbgr fk tbg gvgry doy fpgrotafk fr fk tbg ifkh tgrm vasafk okd hgkgrazolaiaty. Tbgy wgrg erueaoi akcfrmokts lgeousg fc tbgar `kfwigdhg fk doaiy oetavatags, ampoet ebokkgis, sustoakolaiaty, okd ifeoi assugs.

Akdavaduoi aktgrvagws. Cfeus hrfups ak egrtoak eosgs.

Lgkgcaeaory XWFs igodgrs okd cormgrs.

Tbgar vagws org erataeoi tf: (o) ukdgrstokd wbot wfr`gd (fr kft) ak tbgar spgeacae eosg/efktgxt0 (l) adgktacy mftavotafks, oetavatags lgcfrg, durakh okd octgr aktgrvgktafk0 okd (e) traokhuiotg wbot wg igorkgd crfm tbg prafr hrfups ak tgrms fc gccgetavgkgss, okd sustoakolaiaty, okd efktohafk/spaiifvgrs.

Akdavaduoi aktgrvagws okd cfeus hrfups

Kfk-lgkgcaeaory XWFs igodgrs okd cormgrs.

Tbgar akeiusafk as ampfrtokt tf `kfw tbgar fpakafks, ebokhgs okd gxpgragkegs vas-î-vas tbg fkg gxpgragkegd ly tbg lgkgcaeaorags. Tbgar pgregptafks org ampfrtokt tf ukdgrstokd tbg efuktgrcoetuoi.

Cfeus hrfups

Tbg cakoi iast fc akcfrmokts cfr tbg ^gru prfjget quoiatotavg ampoet gvoiuotafk as prgsgktgd ak Tolig 5 (sgg Okkgx < cfr o dgtoaigd iast fc akcfrmokts).

??

 Tbg eiossacaeotafk tff` aktf oeefukt mokohgmgkt akdaeotfrs sueb os toracc efiigetafk rotg, prfegssakh fc bydrfmgtrae akcfrmotafk, okd gxastgkeg fc troakakh ukat, omfkh ftbgrs. (EG^GU. <>>4. Okkgx ?4). ?<  Tbg doto eomg crfm twf survgys eorragd fut ly hfvgrkmgkt ohgkeags durakh tbg pgrafd fc study: GKO^\FSG (Kotafkoi ^rfduetafk okd Uoigs Uurvgy - Makastry fc Ohraeuiturg) okd GKOBF (Kotafkoi Bfusgbfid Uurvgy - Kotafkoi Utotastaes Akstatutg).

 

3

 

Tolig 5: Utudy akcfrmokts ly eotghfry Eotghfry

^ortaeapotakh akcfrmokts

Eotghfry ?

7 sgkafr okd fpgrotafkoi Lok` stocc 5 rgprgsgktotavgs crfm pravotg frhokazotafks 3 rgprgsgktotavgs cfrm rghafkoi hfvgrkmgkt ohgkeags

Eotghfry <

7 sgkafr prfjget stocc ?5 tgebkaeoi prfjget stocc 4 cfrmgr prfjget stocc

Eotghfry 5

1 igodgrs fc lgkgcaeaory Juktos dg Wsuorafs  ?1 cormgrs fc efmpfkgkt O lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks 1 lgkgcaeaory cormgrs fc efmpfkgkt E

Eotghfry 4

?2 cormgrs fc efmpfkgkt O kfk-lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks 8 kfk-lgkgcaeaory cormgrs fc efmpfkgkt E

5.5 Doto Efiigetafk Mgtbfds Tbg doto efiigetafk mgtbfds cfiifwgd tbg hgkgroi study dgsahk lut wgrg odoptgd tf tbg spgeacae eboroetgrastaes fc tbg prfjget os wgii os tf tbg efuktry efkdatafks okd tbg ovoaiolaiaty fc rgsfuregs (ludhgt okd tamg).

5.5.? Akstrumgkts Tbg quoiatotavg doto efiigetafk akstrumgkts wgrg dgsahkgd tf hotbgr akcfrmokts‑ pgregptafks fk o wadg rokhg fc assugs rgiotgd tf prfjget ampigmgktotafk, orgos fc pftgktaoi prfjget ampoet, okd rgiotavg ampfrtokeg fc prfjget aktgrvgktafks ak prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkts okd ftbgr ebokhgs ak cormgrs‑ efkdatafks, oetavatags, okd rgiotafksbaps. rgiotafksbaps. _uoiatotavg akstrumgkts wgrg eorgcuiiy dgsahkgd dgsahkgd tf fltoak oeeurotg mgosurgmgkts okd rgpiaeotafk fc tbg study moak ossumptafks. Akdavaduoi aktgrvagws

Tbg akdavaduoi aktgrvagws wgrg sgma-strueturgd okd mfduiorazgd, okd wgrg eorragd fut losgd fk aktgrvagw huadgs prgporgd tf adgktacy tbg aktgrvagw tfpaes okd spgeacae qugstafks (watbak goeb tfpae) okd prfvadg dargetafk fk bfw tf os` goeb qugstafk okd eorry fut tbg wbfig aktgrvagw. Tbg dgvgifpmgkt fc tbg aktgrvagw huadgs wos tbg rgsuit fc o prfegss fc sueegssavg rgvagws ly tbg rgsgoreb tgom durakh tbg akstrumgkt dgsahk. Tbg dgsahk fc tbg aktgrvagw huadgs tff` aktf aktf efksadgrotafk tbg efrg qugstafks fc tbg study okd akeiudgd tbg somg mfduigs fr sgetafks, okd o samaior strueturg fc fpgk qugstafks tf oiifw cfr tbg aktgrvagwggs tf prfvadg gxpiokotafks gxpiokotafks okd gxpokd fpgkiy ak tbgar okswgrs. Twf aktgrvagw huadgs wgrg dgvgifpgd oeefrdakh tf tbg typg fc akcfrmokt: (a) fkg cfr Lok` stocc, prfjget stocc okd rgprgsgktotavgs fc ftbgr frhokazotafks0 okd (aa) okftbgr okftbgr cfr lgkgcaeaory igodgrs (sgg Okkgx <). Tbg sgetafks fc tbg aktgrvagw huadgs org prgsgktgd ak Tolig 4. Tbg aktgrvagws wgrg dgsahkgd tf iost lgtwggk 47 okd 3> makutgs, lut ak proetaeg iostgd fk ovgrohg 1> makutgs. Durakh tbg aktgrvagws, mgebokasms fc doto rgefrdakh rgefrdakh wgrg gmpifygd: topg rgefrdakh okd kftg to`akh. Tbg tftoi kumlgr fc akdavaduoi aktgrvagws eorragd fut cfr tbg ^gru quoiatotavg study wos <1. At sbfuid lg pfaktgd fut tbot 3 fc tbg akdavaduoi aktgrvagws akvfivgd tbg portaeapotafk fc mfrg tbok fkg akcfrmokt.

 

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Tolig 4: Ugetafks fc akdavaduoi aktgrvagw huadg

O.  Losae akcfrmotafk fk tbg rgspfkdgkt L.  Olfut tbg prfjget L.?.  ^rfjget spgeacaes L.<.  \uroi akstatutafks okd frhokazotafks L.5.  Cormgr okd corm bfusgbfid L.4.  Efmmukaty okd mor`gts L.7.  Ftbgr prfjgets okd coetfrs E.  Fppfrtukatags okd eboiigkhgs D.  Ohraeuiturg okd prfduetavaty ak hgkgroi Cfeus hrfups

Tbg cfeus hrfup daseussafks oiifwgd cfr ok aktgroetavg, akcfrmoi hrfup sgttakh wbgrg portaeapokts wgrg crgg tf toi` watb ftbgr hrfup mgmlgrs. Ia`g tbg akdavaduoi aktgrvagws, tbg cfeus hrfups wgrg wgrg sgmastrueturgd okd wgkt tbrfuhb efksgeutavg mfdacaeotafks ak dgsahk tbrfuhbfut tbg prgporotafk okd prg-doto efiigetafk pbosgs. Xbaig tbg cfeus hrfups hrfups akeiudgd mfst fc tbg somg sgetafks efvgrgd ak akdavaduoi aktgrvagws, ats efktgkt okd ats opprfoeb oamgd ot fltoakakh akcfrmotafk cfr o lgcfrg-okd-octgr okoiysas os wgii os trgotmgkt-efktrfi efmporasfks. Cfeus hrfup po portaeapokts rtaeapokts wgrg os`gd tf dgseralg tbgar eurrgkt prfduetafk igvgis okd efmporg tbgm tf tbfsg lgcfrg prfjget aktgrvgktafk. Tbgk, tbgy wgrg os`gd tf gxpioak tbg coetfrs tbot oeefuktgd oeefuktgd cfr oky ebokhgs ebokhgs ak tbgar prfduetafk igvgi. Tbas wos dfkg cfr lftb lgkgcaeaory (trgotmgkt) okd kfk-lgkgcaeaory (efktrfi) XWFs igodgrs okd cormgrs. Tbas efmporotavg okoiysas oamgd ot o mfrg loiokegd vagw fc rfig fc tbg ^UA fk amprfvgmgkts ak cormgrs‑ prfduetavaty, akefmg okd ftbgr efkdatafks. Tbg cfeus hrfups wgrg frhokazgd orfukd tbg moak prfjget aktgrvgktafks tbot oiifwgd ok gosy adgktacaeotafk fc lgkgcaeaory okd kfk-lgkgcaeaory hrfups cfr akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk (efmpfkgkt O) okd arrahotafk tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt (efmpfkgkt E). Tbgy wgrg eorragd fut u usakh sakh o cfeus hrfup huadg wbaeb adgktacagd daseussafk tfpaes okd spgeacae qugstafks (sgg Okkgx 4). Tbg sgetafks ak tbg cfeus hrfup huadg org sbfwk ak Tolig 7. Tolig 7: Ugetafks fc cfeus hrfup huadg

O.  L.  E.  D.  G. 

Losae akcfrmotafk fk tbg rgspfkdgkt Losae akcfrmotafk fk tbg voiigy Ebokhgs ak prfduetafk okd soigs ^rfjget spgeacaes (fkiy cfr lgkgcaeaory hrfups) Sasafk okd hgkgroi pgregptafk.

Tbg cfeus hrfups wgrg dgsahkgd tf iost lgtwggk ok bfur okd o boic okd twf bfurs, okd tbg gxpgetgd kumlgr fc portaeapokts wos lgtwggk tbrgg okd sax pgr hrfup. Tbg mgoks fc doto rgefrdakh wgrg wgrg topg rgefrdakh okd kftg to`akh. Tbg tftoi kumlgr fc cfeoi hrfups hrfups eorragd fut wo wos s ?<. Cakoiiy, tbgrg wgrg oisf tbrgg oddatafkoi cfeus hrfups tbot akeiudgd prfjget fpgrotafkoi stocc crfm zfkoi fccaegs tbot cfiifwgd o daccgrgkt mgtbfdfifhy okd akvfivgd tbg usg fc tbg prfligm trgg tgebkaqug cfr tbg adgktacaeotafk fc eousg-gccget rgiotafksbaps. Cfr tbas mgtbfdfifhy, goeb portaeapokt wos havgk eords tf wratg pfssalig ampoets fc tbg prfjget. Tbgsg eords wgrg iotgr frhokazgd oeefrdakh tf goeb fc tbg tbrgg efmpfkgkts fc tbg prfjget okd qugstafks wgrg os`gd olfut pfssalig eousg-gccget rgiotafksbaps lgtwggk tbgsg adgktacagd ampoets okd prfjget aktgrvgktafks. Oddatafkoi ampoets wgrg oisf adgktacagd. Os o rgsuit, o daohrom akeiudakh oii pfssalig eousg-gccget rgiotafksbaps lgtwggk prfjget aktgrvgktafk, prfjget futefmgs okd prfjget ampoets wos drowk.

 

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5.5.< Doto Efiigetafk ^rfegss Oetuoi doto efiigetafk tff` pioeg ot tbg Xfrid Lok` bgodquortgrs ak Xosbakhtfk DE okd ak vorafus ifeoiatags ak ^gru. Tbg gktarg doto efiigetafk prfegss iostgd opp opprfxamotgiy rfxamotgiy twf mfktbs okd akvfivgd tbg cfiifwakh oetavatags: ?. Doto efiigetafk prgporotafk: Tbas oetavaty gktoaigd tbg prgporotafk fc tbg cakoi vgrsafk fc tbg cagid akstrumgkts ak Upokasb okd tbg cagid wfr` ifhastaes, akeiudakh tbg barakh fc o ifeoi cagid ossastokt, tbg purebosg fc cagid wfr` wfr` motgraois, okd tbg orrokhgmgkt fc cagid trovgis. At oisf akvfivgd gigetrfkae efmmukaeotafks okd piokkakh mggtakhs watb ^UA fccaeaois tf dgcakg tbg cakoi cagid wfr` sompiakh okd effrdakotg tbg dgtoais fc tbg paift doto efiigetafk okd tbg cagid traps cfr tbg oetuoi doto efiigetafk. <. ^aift aktgrvagw okd cfeus hrfups:   ^aift tgstakh fc aktgrvagws okd cfeus hrfups watb lg lgkgcaeaory kgcaeaory XWF igodgrs wos efkduetgd ak ^asef, sfutb fc Iamo. Os o rgsuit fc tbas oetavaty, tbg akdavaduoi aktgrvagw huadg wos siahbtiy odjustgd wbaig tbg cfeus hrfup huadg gxpgragkegd ok fvgrboui okd rgcfrmuiotafk. 5. Aktgrvagws ot XL okd prfjget bgodquortgrs: O tftoi fc ?7 sgma-strueturgd akdavaduoi aktgrvagws wgrg eorragd fut ot tbg Xfrid Lok` bgodquortgrs ak Xosbakhtfk DE, ^UA prfjget bgodquortgrs okd ftbgr ifeotafks ak Iamo, ^gru. Tbg portaeapokts fc tbgsg aktgrvagws akeiudgd tgk (?>) eurrgkt okd cfrmgr ^UA prfjget stocc0 cavg (>7) Lok` stocc0 okd tbrgg (>5) rgprgsgktotavgs crfm pravotg frhokazotafks ?5 (EG^GU okd JKWD\^).   Okkgx < sbfws tbg iast fc tbgsg aktgrvagws. 4. Cagid traps tf prfjget aktgrvgktafk orgos: Cagid traps tf tbrgg prfjget aktgrvgktafk orgos ak ^gru wgrg eorragd fut tf efiiget akcfrmotafk cfr tbg quoiatotavg study: Trujaiif-Saru-Ebof (kfrtb), Orgquapo-Io Jfyo Oktahuo-Uokto \ato dg Uabuos (sfutb) okd Buouro-Iamo (egktgr). (egktgr). Tbgsg traps tff` pioeg lgtwggk Kfvgmlgr ?8 okd Dgegmlgr 7, <>>2. Durakh tbgsg traps, o tftoi fc ?4 sgma-strueturgd akdavaduoi aktgrvagws okd ?7 cfeus hrfup mggtakhs wgrg efmpigtgd. Tbgsg akeiudgd aktgrvagws watb kakg kakg igodgrs fc Juktos dg Wsuorafs 0 tbrgg ^UA prfjget stocc0 sax fccaegrs fc rghafkoi puliae akstatutafks (D\O okd OTD\)0 okd fkg rgprgsgktotavg fc o pravotg tgebkfifhy sgrvaeg carm. Hgkgroiiy, akdavaduoi aktgrvagws iostgd ak ovgrohg l lgtwggk gtwggk 3> okd 87 makutgs. Oisf durakh tbgsg traps, tbg cfiifwakh cfeus hrfup mggtakhs wgrg efkduetgd: tbrgg cfeus hrfups watb lgkgcaeaorags fc drap arrahotafk tgebkfifhags0 tbrgg cfeus hrfups watb mgmlgrs fc akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk-lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks0 fkg cfeus hrfup watb mgmlgrs fc ok akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh lgkgcaeaory efmmassafk0 okd cavg cfeus hrfups watb kfk-lgkgcaeaory cormgrs fr mgmlgrs fc kfk-lgkgcaeaory efwgrg efmmassafks. mmassafks. wgrg oisf tbrgg cfeus mgmlgrsorgo. ^UA zfkoi fccaegs. Tbgsg oetavatags eorragd eorragd Tbgrg fut ot vorafus ifeotafks ak tbghrfups prfjgetwatb aktgrvgktafk Tbg cfeus hrfup mggtakhs iostgd lgtwggk 1> makutgs okd twf bfurs okd mfst cfeoi hrfups akeiudgd ak ovgrohg lgtwggk 5 okd 2 portaeapokts. Ufmg fc tbg doto efiigetafk oetavatags durakh tbg cagid traps frahakoiiy piokkgd bod tf lg odjustgd fr rgprfhrommgd dug tf ukcfrgsggk gvgkts. Tbg motrax ak Okkgx < sbfws tbg dastralutafk fc rgspfkdgkts fr portaeapokts ly ifeotafk, akstatutafk okd akstrumgkt. 7. Giolfrotafk fc doto trokserapts: Durakh okd octgr tbg ampigmgktotafk fc aktgrvagws okd cagid traps tf aktgrvgktafk orgos, trokserapts fc doto wgrg prgporgd. O tftoi fc 4< trokserapts fc aktgrvagws aktgrvagws okd cfeus hrfup mggtakhs wgrg prgporgd okd prfegssgd cfr okoiysas.

?5

tbg carm ak eborhgwatb fc tbg cakoi gvoiuotafk tbg carst ^UA okd afks JKWD\^ as tbgpiokkgd kotafkoilut umlrgiio fc  EG^GU oii XWFswos ak ^gru. Aktgrvagws fccaegrs crfm ftbgrfc puliae okdpbosg pravotgfcfrhokazotafks frhokazot wgrg oisf bod tf frhokazotafk lg eokegigd dug tf tamg okd effrdakotafk efkstroakts.

 

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5.4 Doto Okoiysas Losgd hgkgroiiy fk Hiosgr okd Utrouss' Hrfukdgd Tbgfry Mgtbfd, tbg study tgom dgvgifpgd eotghfrags okd tbgmgs watbak okd oerfss tbg qugstafk atgms watbak okd oerfss tbg eotghfrags fc rgspfkdgkts. rgspfkdgkts. Tbas wos dfkg usakh o mokuoi prfegss sf tbot tbg tgom bod ok ak-dgptb comaiaoraty watb tbg quoiatotavg doto tbot efuid gccgetavgiy akcfrm tbg usg fc tbg Otios.ta  sfctworg.   sfctworg. Tbg stgps ak tbg mokuoi prfegss akeiudgd” ?. <.

Trokseraptafk okd troksiotafk, wbgk opprfpraotg, fc tbg fpgk-gkdgd rgspfksgs. Akdgpgkdgkt rgvagw fc rgspfksgs cfr goeb fc tbg qugstafk atgms ly tbrgg study tgom mgmlgrs tf adgktacy efkegpts fr eiustgrs fc efkegpts fr `gywfrds. `gywfrds. Tbas wos cfiifwgd ly mggtakhs fc tbg tgom mgmlgrs tf daseuss samaioratags okd daccgrgkegs ak aktgrprgtotafk fc rgspfksgs okd efiiolfrotavgiy adgktacy eotghfrags.

5.

Ergotafk fc o sgt fc eotghfrags, akataoiiy watbak sgts fc qugstafks (g.h., study dgsahk okd ampigmgktotafk) okd tbgk oerfss tbg qugstafks. Tbas akvfivgd tbg ef efkstruetafk kstruetafk fc 83 eotghfrags tbot wgrg iotgr frhokazgd aktf ?< moak tbgmgs fr mojfr eotghfrags. Muitapig rgvasafks fc tbg eotghfrags wgrg ergotgd losgd fk oddatafkoi ak-dgptb rgvagw fc tbg rgspfksgs okd daoifhug omfkh tbg tgom mgmlgrs. O efksgksus-losgd sgt fc fc eotghfrags wos dgvasgd tf lg usgd cfr tbg cakoi rgvagw okd efdakh fc tbg qugstafk atgms. Tbg cakoi iast fc moak tbgmgs as sbfwk ak Tolig 3. Tolig 3: Moak tbgmgs fc eotghfrags

a.  ^rfjget dgsahk aa.  ^rfjget strotghy aaa.  ^rfjget ampigmgktotafk av.  Ampoet fk prfduetavaty v.  Ampoets fk wotgr usgr frhokazotafks okd ftbgr ruroi frhokazotafks va.  Ampoets fk akdavaduoi cormgrs okd tbgar bfusgbfids vaa.  Ufeafgefkfmae okd gkvarfkmgktoi ampoets vaaa.  Kfk-prfjget coetfrs tbot ampoetgd prfduetavaty ax.  ^rfjget eboiigkhgs x.  ^rfjget coeaiatotakh coetfrs xa.  ^rfjget gccgetavgkgss okd sustoakolaiaty xaa.  Sasafks cfr ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty ak ^gru 4.

Wsg fc tbg dgcakgd eotghfrags tf akdgpgkdgktiy efdg rgspfksgs. Goeb tgom mgmlgrs wos rgspfksalig cfr o sgt fc qugstafks. Cfiifwakh akdavaduoi wfr`, rgvagw okd daseussafk tff` pioeg omfkh tbg tgom mgmlgrs.

7.

Wsg fc Otios.ta tf sfrt tbg rgspfksgs ly eotghfry. Tbg Otios.ta prfhrom wos usgd tf efdg okd sfrt akdavaduoi aktgrvagws‑ rgspfksgs ly eotghfry ― cfeus hrfup rgspfksgs wgrg efdgd mokuoiiy. Eotghfry futputs wgrg praktgd okd okoiyzgd tf wratg tbg rgpfrt cakdakhs.

3.

Wsg fc eotghfrags tf frhokazg okd prgsgkt cakdakhs ak tbg rgpfrt. Tbg rgvagwgrs tbgk rgod tbg eotghfrags oerfss tbg qugstafk atgms tf adgktacy tbgmgs oerfss tbg eotghfrags, efkduetgd o korrotavg okoiysas okd prgporgd sgetafks fc tbg rgpfrt.

 

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4 Cakdakhs Tbg cakdakhs fc tbg quoiatotavg ossgssmgkt prfvadg o efmpigx paeturg olfut tbg oeefmpiasbmgkts, iamatotafks, fppfrtukatags okd pfssalig ampoets fc tbg carst pbosg fc tbg ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget, okd tgii o raeb stfry olfut tbg rfig tbot at pioygd ak ak ^gruvaok ohraeuiturg ak rg rgegkt egkt ygors. Akcfrmokts‑ pgregptafks fk tbg prfjget hotbgrgd tbrfuhb tbas study sbfw lftb wadgsprgod samaioratags okd stra`akh daccgrgkegs. Ak tbas wg fc prgsgkt tbg ohraeuiturg, cakdakhs fkos pgregptafks olfut prfjget ampoets ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty okd ftbgrpopgr ospgets ^gruvaok wgii os ftbgr dgtgrmakakh coetfrs fk ak prfduetavaty ebokhg ak rgegkt ygors. ygors. Tbg cakdakhs org frhokazgd orfukd cavg moak tbgmgs: (o) prfjget dgsahk okd okd ampigmgktotafk0 (l) gccgets fk ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty0 (e) prfjget gccgets fk ^gruvaok ohraeuiturg, (d) gccget fc kfk-prfjget coetfrs fk ^gruvaok ohraeuiturg, okd (g) vasafk cfr ohraeuituroi sgetfr dgvgifpmgkt.

4.? ^rfjget Dgsahk okd Ampigmgktotafk Akcfrmokts‑ pgregptafks fk tbg quoiaty fc tbg prfjget‑s dgsahk okd ampoets wgrg akciugkegd ly tbgar pgrsfkoi gxpgragkeg watb tbg prfjget okd ats efmpfkgkts. Tbg study dad kft aktgkd tf ossgss bfw tbg prfjget wos dgsahkgd okd ampigmgktgd lut rotbgr prfvadg aksahbt aktf wbgtbgr ats dgsahk okd ampigmgktotafk wgrg opprfpraotg tf oddrgss tbg prfduetavaty efkegrk okd wbot coetfrs pioygd o rfig ak ats moak futefmgs okd ampoets. Tbg pgregptafks daseussgd ak tbas eboptgr akeiudg prfjget fljgetavgs okd efkegptuoi opprfoeb, prfjget strotghy, lgkgcaeaory sgigetafk, okd moak eboiigkhgs okd coeaiatotakh coetfrs.

4.?.? Fljgetavgs okd efkegptuoi opprfoeb Tbgrg wos kf efksgksus omfkh study akcfrmokts fk wbgtbgr prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkt wos tbg moak hfoi fc tbg prfjget. Oeefrdakh tf mfst Lok` okd prfjget prfjget stocc, tbg prfjget fljgetavgs dad kft gxpiaeatiy cfeus fk roasakh ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty, oitbfuhb at wos odmattgdiy efksadgrgd ok ampiaeat bahbgr purpfsg fc tbg ?4 prfjget.   Oeefrdakh tf sfmg prfjget stocc mgmlgrs, tbg prfjget fljgetavgs wgrg: (o) tbg amprfvgmgkt fc efiigetavg arrahotafk systgms0 (l) tbg strgkhtbgkakh fc XWFs‑ eopoeaty tf mokohg tbgsg systgms0 okd (e) tbg rgduetafk fc puliae akvfivgmgkt ak arrahotafk. Uakeg tbgsg fljgetavgs wgrg gxpgetgd tf bovg bovg ok ampoet fk wotgr ovoaiolaiaty, okd sakeg wotgr as o `gy coetfr cfr ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty, tbg ossumptafk wos tbot prfjget fljgetavgs sbfuid efktralutg tf amprfvg ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty. O cgw rgspfkdgkts eioamgd tbot prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkt wos akdggd ok ampiaeat ’bahbgr” hfoi fr ’moerf” purpfsg fc tbg prfjget, havgk tbot ’proetaeoiiy oii tbg oetavatags fc tbg vorafus prfhroms fc tbg Makastry fc Ohraeuiturg oam ot akergosakh prfduetavaty” . Xbgk os`gd ac tbg prfjget dg dgsahk sahk wos op opprfpraotg prfpraotg tf cuicaii tbg prfjget‑s prfduetavaty prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkt fljgetavg, mfst rgspfkdgkts akdaeotgd tbot prfjget dgsahk wos efksastgkt watb ats gxpiaeat fljgetavgs kft kgegssoraiy watb prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkt. Ufmg sgkafr prfjget stocc mgmlgrs ossgrtgd tbot tbg massafk fc tbg prfjget wos tf prfmftg ebokhg ak wotgr mokohgmgkt ly tgoebakh cormgrs lgttgr proetaegs tbot tbgy efuid sborg watb tbgar kgahblfrs. Oeefrdakh tf tbgm, tbg prfjget oamgd ot prfmftakh kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhags okd amprfvgd wotgr okd iokd mokohgmgkt proetaegs, okd sgtup dgmfkstrotafk pifts tf sbfw cormgrs tbg cgosalaiaty fc tbg kgw tgebkfifhags okd bfw tbgy efuid efuid odfpt tbgm fk tbgar fwk. Cakokeaoi suppfrt cfr tbg kgw tgebkfifhags wos iamatgd tf o smoii kumlgr fc lgkgcaeaorags lgeousg tbgy wgrg aktgkdgd os ’sbfweosgs” cfr ftbgr smoii cormgrs tf igork crfm okd amatotg. Gvgk sfmg akcrostrueturg wfr` wos dfkg ukdgr tbg somg prakeapig, os fkg prfjget stocc put at: ’Tbas wos tbg efkegptafk fc ^UA tbot A bod, kft tf df oii tbg wfr`s cfr Pcormgrs] oii tbg tamg lut just Pos o] dgmfkstrotafk .” .”

?4Frahakoi prfjget dfeumgkts wgrg kft eigor ak dgcakakh prfduetavaty akergosg os tbg purpfsg fr moak fljgetavg fc tbg prfjget. Tbg prfjget UO\ (?113) mgktafkgd at os port fc o sgt fc kfk bagrorebaeoiiy-rgiotgd fljgetavgs, wbaig ftbgr ^UA dfeumgkts rgcgrrgd tf tbg purpfsg prfjget os ’prfduetafk amprfvgmgkt crfm o mfrg crfm gccaeagktousg arrahotafk systgms.” Os opurpfsg rgsuit fcokd tbg ioe` fc eioraty fc fc tbg prfjget fljgetavgs, hfois, okd akdaeotfrs,rgsuitakh prfjget gvoiuotfrs prfpfsgd kgwfccfrmuiotafk fc tbg prfjget ifhaeoi cromgwfr` (EG^GU, <>>4).

 

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\gspfkdgkts moaktoakgd tbot okftbgr sueegsscui gigmgkt fc tbg prfjget wos ats bfiastae opprfoeb. Ufmg sgkafr prfjget stocc mgmlgrs pfaktgd fut tbot tbg prfjget wos frahakoiiy dgsahkgd sfigiy os ok akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk prfjget, lut tbas wos iotgr odjustgd okd tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh okd tbg tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt efmpfkgkts wgrg akefrpfrotgd tf prfvadg o mfrg aktghrotavg opprfoeb. Os o rgsuit, tbg prfjget efvgrgd tbg gktarg arrahotafk sulsgetfr, akvfivakh kft fkiy akcrostrueturg lut oii sto`gbfidgrs, akeiudakh XWFs okd akdavaduoi usgrs. Tbas opprfoeb modg tbg prfjget ukaqug omfkh oii ftbgr arrahotafk prfjgets tbot prgvafusiy gxastgd ak tbg efuktry. O fc tbg prfjget tgebkaeoi stocc prfvadgd” tf o `gy dgcakatafk ly bahbiahbtakh tbot tbg ak moak efktralutafk fc mgmlgr tbg prfjget wos ’luaidakh bumok eopoeatags  oebagvg sustoakolig amprfvgmgkts wotgr usg okd mokohgmgkt. Tbg rotafkoig fc tbas opprfoeb wos gxpioakgd d durakh urakh o prfjget stocc cfeus hrfup: ’Qfu Peok rgoeb oky hfoi ac] yfu strgkhtbgk bumok eopoeatags, ac pgfpig `kfw Pokd] ukdgrstokd wbot tbgy bovg tf df okd wbot tbgar hfoi ak iacg as... Gvgrytbakh storts tbgrg0 eopoeaty luaidakh mo`gs oky prfhrom wfr`. Qfu eok hgt tbgm tf ebokhg erfps ac yfu Pcarst] ebokhg tbgar makds. A mgok, ebokhakh ottatudgs efmgs carst. ” Ufmg efktgkdgd tbot troakakh wos tbg mfst ampfrtokt prfjget aktgrvgktafk cfr oebagvakh sahkacaeokt rgsuits okd suhhgstgd tbot at sbfuid lg o pgrmokgkt hfvgrkmgkt oetavaty. Fkg prfjget stocc mgmlgr pfaktgd fut: ’A tbak` wg bovg tf ossgss wbgrg tf put Ptbg mfkgy]0 wg org dfakh iattig tf sgg tbg aktokhalig Prgsuits] okd A tbak` at as tbgrg wbgrg tbakhs wfuid wfr` mueb lgttgr .” .” Cigxalaiaty wos mgktafkgd os okftbgr okftbgr pfsatavg cgoturg fc prfjget dgsahk. Ufmg akcfrmokts akdaeotgd tbot tbg prfjget gxpgragkegd o kumlgr fc odjustmgkts ak ats dgsahk okd strotghy wbaeb oiifwgd at tf odopt okd amprfvg. Odjustmgkts bahbiahbtgd ly sfmg akcfrmokts akeiudg: odfptafk fc giahalaiaty eratgrao tf sgiget lgkgcaeaory XWFs okd tbg rgduetafk ak tbg XWF efktralutafk tf cukd tbg akcrostrueturg wfr`s.

4.?.< Ampigmgk Ampigmgktotafk totafk strotghy O kumlgr fc akcfrmokts bahbiahbtgd tbg portaeapotfry koturg fc tbg prfjget os o `gy gigmgkt igodakh tf sueegss. Oeefrdakh tf sfmg prfjget stocc mgmlgrs, tbg prfjget cfstgrgd o kgw euiturg fc cormgr portaeapotafk ak tbg mokohgmgkt fc wotgr rgsfuregs okd ak tbg fvgroii ohraeuituroi dgvgifpmgkt prfegss, sfmgtbakh ukefmmfk ak mfst puliae ohraeuituroi ohraeuituroi prfhroms ak ^gru okd gisgwbgrg. gisgwbgrg. \gspfkdgkts efktgkdgd tbot tbas strotghy daccgrgd crfm potgrkoiastae opprfoebgs okd wos erueaoi tf oebagvakh rgsuits ak prfduetavaty akergosg. Os o sgkafr prfjget stocc put at: ’’… …wbot ^UA as dfakh as ukprgegdgktgd, kft fkiy ak tbg efuktry lut ak Iotak Omgraeo. Tbg woy ^UA wfr`s …as ly prfmftakh prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkt lut watb cormgr portaeapotafk0 … wg org ergotakh o euiturg fc portaeapotafk ak tbg mokohgmgkt fc wotgr rgsfuregs, ak akergosakh prfduetavaty … o euiturg fc gmpfwgrmgkt .” .” O kumlgr fc pfsatavg eboroetgrastaes fc tbg prfjget ampigmgktotafk strotghy tbot efktralutgd tf tbg oebagvgmgkt fc rgsuits okd ampoets wgrg wgrg mgktafkgd ly sfmg study akcfrmokts: (o) tbg prfjget strotghy wos kfk-portasok okd (e) sahkacaeoktiy fc pfiataeoi akciugkeg0 (l)kfk-lurgouerotae tbg prfjget tgomfpgrotafk, wos efmpfsgd fc quoiacagd prfcgssafkois0 tbg prfjgetcrgg akvfivgd o Xfrid Lok`-styig kft typaeoi fc puliae prfhroms0 (d) cormgrs pioygd o sahkacaeokt rfig ak tbg prafratazotafk fc sfmg fc tbg prfjget akvgstmgkts0 (g) spgeacae prfjget strotghags wgrg olig tf odopt tf tbg pgeuiaoratags fc goeb XWF0 (c) akstatutafkoi igorkakh efsts wgrg voiugd okd rgefhkazgd os kgegssory0 okd (h) tbgrg wos o hroduoi lut akergosakh portaeapotafk fc cormgrs ak prfjget aktgrvgktafks‑ dgeasafk-mo`akh. \gspfkdgkts oisf mgktafkgd dgcaeagkeags ak tbg prfjget ampigmgktotafk strotghy tbot akciugkegd tbg futefmgs: (o) ot tbg lghakkakh fc tbg prfjget tbgrg wos iattig fr kf portaeapotafk fc cormgr igodgrs ak prfjget dgeasafk-mo`akh okd ak tbg dgcakatafk fc prfjget prafratags fr oetavatags0 (l) ok opprfpraotg mfkatfrakh okd gvoiuotafk systgm wos massakh wbgk tbg prfjget stortgd okd tbrfuhbfut mfst fc tbg ampigmgktotafk0 (e) tbg prfjget dad kft cfeus fk ftbgr `gy coetfrs fc prfduetavaty akergosg0 (d) tbg cukdakh suppfrt tf lgkgcaeaory XWFs fr cormgrs wos aksuccaeagkt havgk tbg gefkfmae efkstroakts gxpgragkegd ly mfst cormgrs0 (g) tbg rgstraetgd efvgrohg fc prfjget aktgrvgktafks ak tgrms fc hgfhropbaeoi ifeotafk okd kumlgr fc lgkgcaeaorags iamatgd tbg oebagvgmgkt fc lrfodgr ampoets0 okd (c) tbg suppfrt havgk tf sfmg XWFs wos gxegssavg os tbgy rgoebgd o pfakt wbgrg tbgy sbfuid bovg lggk olig tf ’ woi` fk tbgar fwk ”. ”.

 

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Lgkgcaeaory sgigetafk

Lgkgcaeaory sgigetafk daccgrgd dgpgkdakh fk tbg typg fc prfjget aktgrvgktafk. Cfr tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt, tbgrg wos carst o sgigetafk fc lgkgcaeaory XWFs oeefrdakh tf o prgvafusiy ?7 gstoliasbgd iast fc giahalaiaty eratgrao,  cfiifwgd ly o sgigetafk fc tbg spgeacae akcrostrueturg akvgstmgkt tf lg cukdgd. Oeefrdakh tf mfst akcfrmokts, tbgsg giahalaiaty eratgrao modg tbg sgigetafk fc lgkgcaeaory XWFs opprfpraotg, troksporgkt, gccgetavg, okd fljgetavg. Tbgsg eratgrao oamgd ot cfstgrakh aktgrgst ak amprfvakh XWFs‑ pgrcfrmokeg okd gksurakh sustoakolaiaty fc tbg akvgstmgkts. Akcfrmokts ohrggd tbot tbg pftgktaoi cfr giahalaiatypfaktgd wfr`gdfutostbot ok tbg akegktavg XWFs strgkhtbgk tbgar mokohgmgkt Ufmg akcfrmokts eratgraocfr usgd fctgktfcovfrgd tbg strfkhgr XWFs, luteopoeatags. tbas wos lrfodiy efksadgrgd kgegssory cfr oebagvakh mfrg sustoakolig rgsuits havgk tbg pgrvosavg ioe` fc eopoeatags omfkh XWFs. Tf prgvgkt tbg lgkgcats fc tbg akcrostrueturg akcrostrueturg efmpfkgkt crfm rgoebakh fkiy o cgw XWFs, tbg prfjget sgt up tbg kumlgr fc pftgktaoi lgkgcaeaory XWFs ot 4> lut cfeusgd tbg gccfrts fc tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt fk oebagvakh giahalaiaty cfr oii XWFs. Cfr tbg sgigetafk fc tbg spgeacae akvgstmgkts watbak goeb XWF, tbg akcfrmokts‑ hgkgroi pgregptafk wos tbot tbg sgigetafk prfegss wos gccgetavg okd fljgetavg, lut tbgrg wgrg davgrhgkt fpakafks olfut ats ?3 troksporgkey okd coarkgss.   Oimfst oii rgspfkdgkts ohrggd ohrggd tbot tbg sgigetafk fc tbg spgeacae akcrostrueturg wfr`s ampigmgktgd watbak goeb XWF wos ak tbg bokds f fcc tbg frhokazotafk atsgic. Tbas eboroetgrastae modg tbg akvgstmgkts vgry portaeapotfry okd dgmokd-dravgk, okd lgkgcatgd tbg iorhgst okd tbg mfst rgprgsgktotavg efmmassafks watbak tbg XWF. Xbaig mfst rgspfkdgkts rgcgrrgd tf tbas aktgrkoi dgeasafk-mo`akh os rgprgsgktotavg okd efksgksus-losgd, ftbgrs lgiagvgd tbot at oiifwgd tbg mfrg pfwgrcui hrfups watbak tbg XWF tf hoak efktrfi fc tbg akvgstmgkt sgigetafk okd igct smoiigr efmmassafks fut tbg prfegss. Ak hgkgroi, tbg sgigetafk strotghy mfrgefkegrks frhokazgd efmmassafks wosfcefksadgrgd efkdueavg tf lgttgr prfjget rgsuits, lutlaos tbas tfwords strotghy iorhgr, oisf roasgd olfut pftgktaoi akergosgs ak akgquoiaty lgtwggk aktgrvgktafk orgos. \ghordakh tbg sgigetafk fc lgkgcaeaory cormgrs cfr tbg motebakh hrokt prfhrom cfr mfdgrk arrahotafk, akcfrmokts efkeurrgd tbot at wos ok fljgetavg okd troksporgkt prfegss lut dasohrggd olfut ats opprfpraotgkgss okd gccgetavgkgss, os os at wfr`gd ak sfmg akstokegs lut kft ak ftbgrs. Ufmg fc tbg mfst efmmfk akcfrmokt erataqugs fc tbg sgigetafk prfegss prfegss wgrg: (o) tbg sgigetafk prfegss cfeusgd gxegssavgiy fk smoii cormgrs ―wbf wgrg hgkgroiiy ukolig tf cuicaii tbg fpgrotafk okd moaktgkokeg rgquargmgkts fc drap arrahotafk― tbus jgfpordazakh ats tgebkaeoi vaolaiaty okd sustoakolaiaty0 (l) tbg dgeasafk tf mo`g at o efmpgtatavg prfegss wos akopprfpraotg efksadgrakh tbg aktgkdgd dgmfkstrotafk gccget hfoi0 (e) cakokeaoi efuktgrport rgquargmgkts wgrg woy olfvg mfst cormgrs cakokeaoi eopolaiatags0 (d) tbg sgigetafk fc akdavaduoi asfiotgd cormgrs daspgrsgd tbg aktgrvgktafk okd prfduegd ifwgr gccgets0 okd (g) tbg motebakh hrokt dad kft prfvadg tbg efst fc moaktgkokeg sgrvaegs ak tbg efktroets. Os cfr tbg pfsatavg ospgets fc tbg sgigetafk prfegss, akcfrmokts mgktafkgd: (o) cigxalaiaty tf rgspfkd tf lftb akdavaduoi cormgrs okd cormgr hrfups rgqugsts0 (l) akdavaduoi cormgr portaeapotafk gksurgd o bahbgr dghrgg fc prfjget fwkgrsbap0 (e) cgosalaiaty studags ak eborhg fc tbg prfjget gxpgdatgd tbg prfegss ―oitbfuhb at rgduegd fwkgrsbap. Ampigmgktotafk fc prfjget efmpfkgkts

Ugvgroi efmmgkts olfut tbg ampigmgktotafk fc prfjget efmpfkgkts okd tbg fvgroii prfjget wgrg efiigetgd crfm study akcfrmokts. Tbgsg efmmgkts toe`igd o voragty fc assugs crfm wbaeb o kumlgr fc igssfks eok lg drowk. (o) Efmpfkgkt O (akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk ). ). Ufmg akcfrmokts lgiagvgd tbot ak sfmg eosgs tbg ?8 XWF efuktgrport poymgkt rotg  wos tff bahb okd cfregd tbg frhokazotafks tf ebffsg vgry smoii ?7

 Tbg giahalaiaty eratgrao akeiudgd: (o) rgoebakh o makamum wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotg fc 87%0 (l) barakh o tgebkaeoi mokohgr0 okd (e) opprfvakh o rgoiastae fpgrotafk okd moaktgkokeg ludhgt . ?3  Tf rgegavg tbg akcrostrueturg suppfrt, tbg giahalig XWF bod tf efmg up watb ?7-5>% fc tbg tftoi akvgstmgkt efst. Tbas efkdatafk dgtgrmakgd tbg wfuid typg akcrostrueturg tf lgokd prafratazgd tbg spgeacae Wsuorafs   ― tbot wf uidfclg olig tf lorgwfr` tbg efsts dargetiyokd l lgkgcat gkgcat crfm tb tbg garrahotafk wfr`.  efmmassafk ―watbak tbg giahalig Jukto dg ?8  Ugt ot 57% fc tbg tftoi akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efst durakh tbg carst pbosg fc tbg prfjget.

 

?5

 

akcrostrueturg wfr`s havgk tbgar iamatgd efpoymgkt eopoeaty, tbgrgly rgstraetakh tbg pftgktaoi gccgets fc tbas efmpfkgkt. At wos oisf mgktafkgd tbot mgdaum sazg rgbolaiatotafk prfjgets (lgtwggk WU$ 5>>,>>> okd WU$ 5 maiiafk) wgrg tbg mfst gccgetavg fkgs ak tgrms fc hgkgrotakh ampoets ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty amprfvgmgkt. (l) Efmpfkgkt L (akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh ). ). Fkg gigmgkt fc tbg sueegss fc tbas efmpfkgkt wos ats bokds-fk troakakh opprfoeb, wbaeb cfeusgd pramoraiy fk efuebakh okd dgvgifpakh mokohgmgkt tffis eustfmazgd tf XWFs‑ kggds. Tbas oiifwgd XWFs pgrsfkkgi pgrsfkkgi tf dgvgifp eopoeatags ak tbg doaiy fpgrotafks fc tbg frhokazotafk okd tbg arrahotafk systgm. Oisf fc ampfrtokeg wos tbg coet tbot akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh dad kft akvfivg o mgrg trokscgr fc `kfwigdhg okd s`aiis, lut o hroduoi prfegss tbot akvfivgd lgbovafroi okd ottatudakoi ebokhgs. Okftbgr pfsatavg gigmgkt fc tbg strotghy wos tbg ’troakakh fc troakgrs” opprfoeb, wbaeb oiifwgd Juktos dg Wsuorafs‑ igodgrs okd pgrsfkkgi tf hgt akvfivgd ak tbg troakakh fc mgmlgrs okd igodgrs fc tbgar arrahotafk arrahotafk efmmassafks. Tbas gxpokdgd tbg sefpg fc tbg efmpfkgkt, lut ak sfmg eosgs at oisf iamatgd prfhrgss cfr tbfsg XWFs watb ifw troakakh eopoeaty. Os cfr iamatotafks fc tbg efmpfkgkt opprfoeb, sfmg akcfrmokts erataeazgd tbg hrgotgr cfeus fk aktgrvgktafks ot tbg Juktos‑   igvgi os fppfsgd tf tbg efmmassafks‑ igvgi, wbaeb iamatgd tbg futefmgs ak usgrs‑ oworgkgss. Oisf, sfmg aktgrvgktafks cfeusgd gxeiusavgiy fk XWFs igodgrs okd tbas rgsuitgd ak tbg kggd fc rgdfakh tbg troakakh oetavatags wbgk tbgrg wos o ebokhg ak igodgrsbap (sgg sgetafk 4.?.5). (e) Uulefmpfkgkt E? (gxtgksafk prfhrom - ^G\OT ). ). Tbas efmpfkgkt wos wos mfrg efktrfvgrsaoi efktrfvgrsaoi lftb ak tgrms fc ampigmgktotafk okd rgsuits. Fk fkg bokd, sfmg akcfrmokts rghordgd at os vgry bgipcui tf oebagvakh prfjget‑s futefmgs lgeousg at oddrgssgd o `gy cormgrs‑ kggd sueb os tbg dgvgifpmgkt fc prfduetafk eboaks okd tbg fc odfptafk fc mor`gtakh strotghags erataeazgd cfr tbgar corm Fkioe`akh tbg ftbgr bokd, tbg tgom ak eborhg tbg cakoi prfjget gvoiuotafk tbas prfduetafk. prfhrom cfr ak sustoakolaiaty fr ampoet dug tf cfiifwakh coetfrs: (o) at lgeomg o poroiigi akstatutafk watb iattig fr kf sykgrhy watb ftbgr prfjget efmpfkgkts0 (l) at olokdfkgd ats cfeus fk arrahotafk okd hft dastroetgd ak oetavatags kfk rgiotgd tf tbg prfjget fljgetavgs0 okd (e) at cfeusgd gxeiusavgiy fk oetavatags lut kft fk ifkh-tgrm ampoets. Ak coet, fkg prfjget stocc suhhg suhhgstgd stgd tbot tbg akegktavg cfr kgw tgebkfifhags wfuid bovg bod lrfodgr ampoets ac at eomg oifkh watb o strfkh gxtgksafk prfhrom, wbaeb wos kft tbg eosg. Akcfrmokts ossgrtgd tbot hrgotgr gccgets wfuid bovg lggk oebagvgd ac tbg prfhro prfhrom m pioegd mfrg ottgktafk tf vorafus proetaegs tf amprfvg wotgr mokohgmgkt ot tbg pift igvgi, lgsadgs tbg prfmftafk fc kgw mfdgrk tgebkfifhags. (d) Uulefmpfkgkt E< (akegktavgs cfr mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags - ^A\T ). ). Cfr sfmg akcfrmokts, tbg hrokts efmpgtatafk wos kft tbg lgst mgebokasm tf prfmftg drap arrahotafk omfkh smoii cormgrs lgeousg at eousgd ukkgegssory dgioys okd popgrwfr`, bompgrakh ats ampoets. \gspfkdgkts suhhgstgd tbot o carst efmg carst sgrvg prfegdurg wos o lgttgr fptafk. Fvgroii prfjget ampigmgktotafk ?2

Effrdakotafk watb ftbgr puliae sgetfr ohgkeags tbot fpgrotgd ak tbg somg prfjget aktgrvgktafk orgo  wos efksadgrgd ly o cgw rgspfkdgkts os akstrumgktoi tf rgoebakh mfrg efmprgbgksavg prfjget futefmgs lgeousg at oiifwgd pftgktaoi sykgrhags watb ftbgr ohraeuituroi prfjgets, tbgrgly rgdueakh fvgrioppakh, okd ovfadgd dastroetafk fc rgsfuregs fk fk tbgmgs lgyfkd tbg prfjget prfjget massafk. Xbaig tbgrg wgrg eosgs fc aktgraktgr?1 akstatutafkoi effrdakotafk oetavatags,  tbgsg wgrg kft hgkgroiazgd okd mfrg effrdakotafk efuid bovg lggk usgcui tf oebagvakh prfjget fljgetavgs. O cgw akcfrmokts pfaktgd fut tbot eifsg akvfivgmgkt tf tbg wo wotgr tgr outbfraty ohgkeags (OTD\) wos akataoiiy wgo` okd wos efksadgrgd gssgktaoi cfr tbg sustoakolaiaty fc amprfvgmgkts ak arrahotafk systgm mokohgmgkt, havgk tbg coet tbot tbgy org ighoiiy rgspfksalig fc fvgrsggakh tbg pgrcfrmokeg fc XWFs.

?2

 Ufmg fc tbgsg ohgkeags org: OTD\ (Tgebkaeoi Odmakastrotfr fc Arrahotafk Dastraet), UGKOUO (Kotafkoi Ohraeuituroi Uokatory

Ugrvaeg), D\Ookd (\ghafkoi Dargetfrotg fc Ohraeuiturg ― \ghafkoi Hfvgrkmgkt), ^\FKOMOEB ^\FKOMOEBEU EU (Kotafkoi ^rfhrom cfr X Xotgrsbgd otgrsbgd Mokohgmgkt Ufai Efksgrvotafk). ?1  g.h. piokt prftgetafk troakakh efursgs oifkh watb UGKOUO.

 

?4

 

Efkvgrsgiy, o kumlgr fc akcfrmokts efksadgrgd tbot tbg prfjget sbfuid bovg cfeusgd fk assugs lgyfkd ats massafk stotgmgkt sueb os mor`gtakh, prfduetafk eboaks, cormakh proetaegs, lusakgss mokohgmgkt, gte. ak frdgr tf oeefmpiasb lgttgr rgsuits rgsuits ak tgrms fc cormgr akefmg amprfvgmgkt. Akcfrmokts oisf efktgkdgd tbg kggd cfr o mfrg efmprgbgksavg opprfoeb fk bfw tf oddrgss tbg erataeoi prfligms rgiotgd tf wotgr mokohgmgkt ak spgeacae wotgr dastralutafk systgms. Tbgy eoiigd cfr mfrg aktghrotgd prfjget aktgrvgktafks aktgrvgktafks tbot wfuid oddrgss tbg moak lfttigkge`s cfr gccgetavgiy amprfvakh fvgroii wotgr mokohgmgkt gccaeagkey. Cakoiiy, sfmg akcfrmokts ossgrtgd tbot tbg prfjget coaigd tf to`g cuii odvoktohg fc tbg pftgktaoi cfr sykgrhags omfkh prfjget efmpfkgkts ly kft akeiudakh zfkoi aktgrvgktafk strotghags ak ats dgsahk. Tbg tbrgg prfjget efmpfkgkts efkvgrhgd ak fkiy 8< fut fc 3<< arrahotafk efmmassafks, oitbfuhb at wos rgefhkazgd tbot hrgotgr efkciugkeg feeurrgd lgtwggk efmpfkgkts O okd L.

4.?.5 Eboiigkhgs okd coeaiat coeaiatotakh otakh coetfrs \gspfkdgkts‑ pgregptafks pgregptafks fk eboiigkhgs tf prfjget ampigmgktotafk wgrg moky okd voragd. Tbg eboiigkhgs hgkgroiiy coii watbak cavg lrfod eotghfrags: eotghfrags: (o) eboiigkhgs rgiotgd tf tbg XWFs0 (l) eboiigkhgs rgiotgd tf lgkgcaeaory cormgrs‑ portaeapotafk0 (e) eboiigkhgs rgiotgd tf prfligms ak prfjget ampigmgktotafk0 (d) euituroi okd gdueotafkoi eboiigkhgs0 okd (g) eboroetgrastaes fc tbg ohraeuituroi sgetfr. (o) Eboiigkhgs rgiotgd tf tbg XWFs: Tbg eopoeaty okd igodgrsbap fc moky XWFs wgrg pgregavgd tf lg o eboiigkhg dug tf tbg rgiotavgiy smoii sazg fc tbg lfords, tbgar ioe` fc gxpgragkeg okd eopoeaty tf eorry fut tbgar rfig, okd tbgar ioe` fc efktakuaty wbgk lford mgmlgrsbap ebokhgd okd kgw lford mgmlgrs kggdgd tf lg troakgd ak prfjget fljgetavgs okd oetavatags. Oisf, ak sfmg eosgs tbg strgkhtbgkakh fc XWFs okd tbgar igodgrs bod ukaktgkdgd kghotavg efksgqugkegs lgeousg sfmg XWFs igodgrs vagwgd tbgmsgivgs os pioyakh o igod rfig kft fkiy ak tbgar frhokazotafk lut ak ftbgr assugs os wgii. Tbas rgsuitgd ak sfmg sfeaoi efkciaet ak tbg efmmukaty. Ftbgr eboiigkhgs rgiotgd tf tbg XWFs adgktacagd ly rgspfkdgkts akeiudgd efkciaets watbak tbg frhokazotafk eousgd ly aktgrkoi pfwgr struhhigs. (l) ^ortaeapotafk fc cormgr lgkgcaeaorags : Tbg eboiigkhgs adgktacagd ly study rgspfkdgkts akeiudgd tbgar losgiakg eopoeaty tf ukdgrto`g mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags, tbgar mokohgmgkt eopoeaty tf ampigmgkt tbg ebokhgs, tbgar cakokeaoi eopoeaty tf prfvadg tbgar efuktgrport cukdakh, okd tbg rgquargmgkts ampfsgd fk tbgm cfr portaeapotafk. Umoii cormgrs wgrg usuoiiy kft olig tf poy cfr tbg tgebkaeoi study os port fc tbgar oppiaeotafk tf tbg motebakh hrokts prfhrom okd fctgk sfuhbt tbg igost gxpgksavg purvgyfrs sf sfmg studags bod tf lg rgdfkg fr tbg hfvgrkmgkt bod tf poy cfr tbg studags. Tbg cormgrs‑ lgakh oeeustfmgd tf hfvgrkmgkt suppfrt suppfrt (sgg euituroi coetfrs lgifw) okd lod bolats rgiotgd tf wotgr arrahotafk okd trodatafkoi euitavotafk, seokt mor`gtakh okd lusakgss mokohgmgkt gxpgragkeg, okd ok ’akdavaduoiastae opprfoeb” wgrg oisf eboiigkhgs coegd ly tbg prfjget. (e) ^rfligms rgiotgd tf prfjget ampigmgktotafk : Tbg gxgeutafk fc tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt coegd o sahkacaeokt eboiigkhg rgiotgd tf lftb tbg ioe` fc XWF efuktgrport efktralutafks okd tbg iamatotafks fc hfvgrkmgkt cukds cfr akvgstmgkt ak akcrostrueturg hgkgroiiy. Tbg ioe` fc efktakufus cfiifw-up okd suppfrt cfr cormgrs wos wos oisf o prfligm ak sfmg sfmg orgos. Xbgk tbg mfdgrk arrahotafk systgms wgrg akstoiigd, pfst-ampigmgktotafk troakakh okd tgebkaeoi ossastokeg okd suppfrt cfr losae gquapmgkt wos ampfrtokt lut kf kftt oiwoys cfrtbefmakh. Tbas mahbt bovg lggk o coetfr fc wbot sfmg rgspfkdgkts pgregavgd os tbg ampgtus tf mfvg cfrword tf mggt prfjget tamgiakgs watbfut odgquotg stocc okd watb kf akdaeotfrs tf mgosurg rgosfks cfr tbg dgioys okd tf tbgrgcfrg oet tf oddrgss tbgm. Tbgrg wos oisf dassotascoetafk watb ampigmgktotafk prfegdurgs fc sfmg fc tbg efmpfkgkts. Tbg lurgouerotae prfegssgs prfegssgs dgvasgd cfr tbg prfjget wgrg sggk ly sfmg os tff igkhtby, efmpiaeotgd, akefksastgkt okd kft efksadgrotg fc tbg ioe` fc cakokeakh eopoeaty fk tbg port fc sfmg XWFs okd lgkgcaeaorags. Tbg wgo` akcfrmotafk okd mfkatfrakh systgm iamatgd tbg olaiaty fc tbg prfjget tgom tf mo`g dgeasafks okd tf cfiifw-up watb tbg cormgrs losgd fk d doto. oto. Tbg cfeus fc ^UAos fko aktgroetakh sfmg eboiigkhg. watb tbg XWFs rotbgr tbok watb tbg rghafkoi outbfratags os wgii wos sggk ly

 

?7

 

(d) Euituroi okd gdueotafkoi eboiigkhgs:   Twf eboiigkhgs tbot rgprg rgprgsgkt sgkt o Jokus-ia`g efkukdrum cfr tbg prfjget okd tbot wgrg mgktafkgd ly moky fc tbg rgspfkdgkts org cormgrs‑ euiturg fc dgpgkdgkey okd mastrust fc tbg hfvgrkmgkt. Fk tbg fkg bok bokd, d, o euiturg fc dgpgkdgkey akbalatgd tbg prfoetavg portaeapotafk fc lgkgcaeaory frhokazotafks okd akdavaduoi lgkgcaeaorags. Tbgy wgrg, wgrg, crfm tbg pgrspgetavg fc rgspfkdgkts, sf oeeustfmgd tf hfvgrkmgkt iorhgssg tbot tbg efkegpt fc tbgar poymgkts cfr, fr efktralutafks tf, usg fc wotgr —gvgk ac at amprfvgs tbgar prfduetavaty okd tbg ia`giabffd fc ifkh-tgrm hoak cfr tbgar efmmukaty ―as daccaeuit tf oeegpt. Fk tbg ftbgr bokd, tbgrg wos o mastrust fc tbg ’stotg” ot oii igvgis, losgd fk tbgar darget okd pgrsfkoi post gxpgragkeg okd/fr fk o pgregptafk fc hfvgrkmgkt oetafks. Tbas samuitokgfus dgpgkdgkey fk okd mastrust fc tbg hfvgrkmgkt wos efupigd watb tbg ifw gdueotafkoi igvgis fc tbg lgkgcaeaorags, XWF igodgrsbap okd akdavaduoi cormgrs. Fvgroii, tbg igvgi fc gdueotafk prfvgd tf lg o bakdrokeg tf lftb lgkgcaeaorags‑ ukdgrstokdakh fc tbg prfjget okd fc tbg gdueotafkoi mgssohgs efkvgygd tbrfuhb tbg tgebkaeoi ossastokeg okd ftbgr eopoeaty-luaidakh eopoeaty-luaidakh ospgets fc tbg prfjget. \gsastokeg tf ebokhg wos okftbgr eboiigkhg okd fkg tbot eok lg vagwgd os rgiotgd tf lftb euituroi coetfrs (g.h., dgpgkdgkey okd vagw fc tbg stotg os ’potgrkoiastae”) okd gdueotafk. Tbgrg wos tbg pgregptafk tbot tbgrg wos o ioe` fc ukdgrstokdakh omfkh moky lgkgcaeaorags fc tbg trodgfccs fc mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags. (g) Eboroetgrastaes fc tbg ohraeuituroi sgetfr:   Sfiotaiaty fc tbg o ohraeuituroi hraeuituroi mor`gt wos o sahkacaeokt eboiigkhg, okd gxoegrlotgd tbg coet tbot tbgrg wos akodgquotg okd akopprfpraotg iokd usg ly mfst cormgrs, akeiudakh erfp euitavotafk okd rftotafk, usg fc fc pgstaeadgs, fr arrahotafk tgebkaqugs. Tbas wos rgiotgd tf tbg cakokeaoi eopoeaty fc tbg cormgr lut tbot as fkiy fkg coetfr ak pffr corm mokohgmgkt. O lrfodgr lut rgiotgd eboiigkhg wos ioe` fc effrdakotafk ak tbg prfmftafk fc prfduetafk eboaks tbrfuhb tbg kotafkoi dgvgifpmgkt strotghy. Tbg poueaty fc akstatutafkoi orrokhgmgkts okd sykgrhags watbak ohraeuituroi tbg ohraeuiturg sgetfr akbalatgd gquatolig okd opprfpraotg ampigmgktotafk fc prfduetafk eboaks. Uf tff dad tbg croetafkotgd koturg fc tbg ohraeu ohraeuiturg iturg sgetfr, wbaeb iamatgd tbg pfwgr fc tbg akdavaduoi cormgr okd tbfsg efmpfkgkts fc tbg sgetfr gkhohgd ak ebokhg cfr tbg efmmfk hffd. Cakoiiy, tbg stotg ioe`s o mfkatfrakh okd gvoiuotafk systgm fc ats fwk aktgrvgktafks ak tbg ohraeuiturg sgetfr. Tbas rfig sbfuid lg pgrcfrmgd ly tbg Makastry fc Ohraeuiturg lut as oimfst kfk gxastgkt, okd at efktralutgs tf tbg ioe` fc odgquotg aktghroiaty okd sykgrhags ak puliae aktgrvgktafks ak ohraeuiturg. Utudy rgspfkdgkts adgktacagd davgrsg coeaiatotakh coetfrs tbot tbgy lgiagvg efktralutgd tf tbg sueegss fc tbg prfjget. Tbgsg coii watbak watbak cfur eotghfrags: (o) ottatudgs f fcc XWFs okd cormgrs0 (l) prfjget strotghags0 (e) hfvgrkmgkt suppfrt0 okd (d) mohkatudg fc tbg prfligm. (o) Ottatudgs fc XWFs okd cormgrs:   Ok ampfrtokt ospget f fcc prfhrom sueegss wos wos tbg pfsatavg ottatudgs tfword tbg prfjget dgmfkstrotgd ly oii akvfivgd portags. Tbg waiiakhkgss fc XWFs tf rgegavg okd sborg `kfwigdhg wos o erueaoi erueaoi dgvgifpmgktoi coetfr. Fkg crgqugktiy eatgd coeaiatotakh coetfr wos tbg omaeolig, suppfrtavg rgiotafksbap pgregavgd lgtwggk okd omfkh tbg XWFs okd ftbgr ohraeuituroi frhokazotafks. Tbg aktgrrgiotafksbap lgtwggk mokohgrs fc daccgrgkt frhokazotafks, os wgii os rgiotafksbaps lgtwggk tbg ossfeaotafks tbgmsgivgs, tbg ^UA okd tbg odmakastrotafk bovg prfvgd akdaspgksalig tf tbg ottoakmgkt fc prfhrom hfois. Tbg prfjget gmpbosazgd coar okd gquatolig trgotmgkt fc mokohgmgkt tbot bos ak turk pfsatavgiy akciugkegd tbgar dgeasafk-mo`akh watb rgspget tf prfjget efmpfkgkts hgkgroiiy okd tbg akdavaduois watb wbfm okd frhokazotafks watb wbaeb bgy wfr`gd. Tbg cormgrs tbgmsgivgs wgrg rgegptavg tf ebokhg tf ok gxtgkt prgvafusiy uk`kfwk. Tfdoy‑s cormgrs org akvfivgd okd gdueotgd, okd mfrg aktgrgstgd ak aktrfdueakh kgw cormakh tgebkaqugs okd tgebkfifhags. Tbas coeaiatotgd tbg prfjget‑s cfeus fk lftb eopoeaty-luaidakh okd ottatudg ebokhg. ebokhg. Os fkg akdavaduoi stotgd, ’Ptbas] hgkgrotafk bos o mueb lrfodgr vasafk fc tbg ohraeuituroi wfrid… tbgy bovg omlatafks. ” (l) Hfvgrkmgkt suppfrt : Tbg suppfrt fc tbg hfvgrkmgkt wos rgpfrtgd tf lg fkg fc tbg mfst erueaoi coeaiatotakh coetfrs ak tbg ottoakmgkt fc prfjget fljgetavgs. ’Xatbfut tbg hfvgrkmgkt,” fkg rgspfkdgkt stotgd, ’wg wfuid bovg hgkgrotgd kf aktgrgst lgeousg wg org spgo`akh fc smoii cormgrs wbf ak moky eosgs dfk‑t gvgk bovg ergdat, okd wbgk tbg stotg havgs tbgm o sahkacaeokt efktralutafk… at koturoiiy gkefurohgs tbgm tf wokt tf bgip. ” Oitbfuhb tbg ^UA‑s outfkfmfus mokohgmgkt fc ats

 

?3

 

ludhgt, cakokegs okd sf cfrtb wfr`gd tf tbg prfjget‑s odvoktohg, watbfut Makastgraoi suppfrt, tbas wfuid kft bovg lggk cgosalig. (e) ^rfjget strotghy:   Coeaiatotakh coetfrs dargetiy rgiotgd tf tbg prfjget strotghy mgktafkgd ly rgspfkdgkts akeiudgd: strotghags tf dgpfiataeazg ohraeuituroi dgvgifpmgkt0 sgigetakh XWFs tbot wgrg strfkh okd wgii-gstoliasbgd0 sgigetakh quoiacagd okd eopolig prfcgssafkois os prfjget stocc0 tbg stroahbtcfrword okd oetavg-igorkakh troakakh fc XWF okd akdavaduoi cormgrs0 okd prfvadakh tgebkaeoi ossastokeg okd huadokeg tf tbg ^gruvaok kotafkoi okd rghafkoi hfvgrkmgkt fccaegs ossfeaotgd watb tbg prfjget. prfjget. Ftbgr coeaiatotakh coetfrs akeiudgd: potagkeg, efmmukaeotafk watb XWF dargetfrs, tgebkaeoi ossastokeg okd troakakh, okd ak-cagid sfiutafks. Tbg gkefurohgmgkt fc tgo tgom m dgvgifpmgkt oisf coeaiatotgd pfsatavg amprfvgmgkts ak ohraeuituroi proetaegs, frhokazotafkoi systgms, okd akstatutafkoi okd akdavaduoi ottatudgs. Tbg dgvgifpmgkt fc portkgrsbaps gkoligd spgeaoiazotafk, mfrg gccaeagkt usg fc tamg, okd lgttgr efvgrohg fc tos`s. Tbg vasalig amprfvgmgkts ak wotgr usg okd erfp sgigetafk okd rftotafk ―okd tbg efksgqugktaoi gccget fk prfduetavaty okd amprfvgd erfp soigs-- tbot rgsuitgd crfm tbg prfjget bod ampfrtokt akciugkeg fk tbg kfk-portaeapotakh cormgrs ak tbg orgo. (d) Mohkatudg fc tbg prfligm:   Witamotgiy, pffr akcrostrueturg ergotgd prfligms prfligms okd gkoligd tbg prfjget‑s ampigmgktotafk. At as pgregavgd tbot, bod tbg akcrostrueturg lggk ak hffd efkdatafk, tbg Utotg wfuid bovg to`gk kf aktgrgst okd wfuid kft bovg akvgstgd ak akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkts okd ftbgr prfjget efmpfkgkts.

4.< Gccgets fk Ohraeuituroi ^rfduetavaty Tbg hgkgroi pgregptafk fk tbg port fc tbfsg aktgrvagwgd ― puliae fccaeaois, prfjget stocc okd lgkgcaeaorags ― as tbot tbg ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget pioygd o rfig ak akergosakh ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty ak tbg orgos fc aktgrvgktafk. Gvgk tbfuhb prfduetavaty akergosg mgosurgmgkts wgrg kft ovoaiolig, o sahkacaeokt kumlgr fc study akcfrmokts pgregavgd gatbgr o darget fr akdarget ampoet fc prfjget aktgrvgktafks fk ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty, moakiy os o rgsuit fc tbg akergosgd ovoaiolaiaty okd rgiaolaiaty fc tbg wotgr suppiy tbot feeurrgd os o efksgqugkeg fc tbg efkstruetafk fc o mfrg rotafkoi okd gccaeagkt arrahotafk mokohgmgkt systgm. Tbgsg wotgr mokohgmgkt amprfvgmgkts wgrg hroduoi okd vgracaolig0 okd hgkgrotgd stolaiaty ak tbg cifw fc wotgr suppiy cfr ohraeuiturg, mo`akh akvgstmgkts fk kgw tgebkfifhags okd bahb voiug erfps mfrg sfiad okd oppgoiakh. Xotgr as efksadgrgd fkg fc tbg mfst ampfrtokt akputs cfr ohraeuiturg0 bfwgvgr, o kumlgr fc study rgspfkdgkts suhhgstgd tbot at as aksuccaeagkt tf huoroktgg o sueegsscui ohraeuituroi prfduetafk fk atsgic. Tbgy pfaktgd fut tbot ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty dgpgkds oisf fk o kumlgr fc ftbgr coetfrs, akeiudakh quoiaty fc iokd0 ovoaiolaiaty fc ftbgr ohraeuituroi akputs (sggds, cgrtaiazgrs, pgstaeadgs, iolfr)0 oeegss tf ohraeuituroi sgrvaegs (cakokeakh, tgebkaeoi ossastokeg, akcfrmotafk, gte.)0 okd suatolaiaty fc cormakh proetaegs. \gspfkdgkts soad tbot ottgktafk sbfuid oisf lg poad tf sueb ftbgr gigmgkts os oeegss tf mor`gts, cormgr gdueotafk, okd cormgrs‑ frhokazotafks. Fvgroii tbgy efkeiudgd tbot ak frdgr tf hgt rgsuits, puliae aktgrvgktafks sbfuid cfeus kft fkiy fk fkg gigmgkt lut fk tbg efmlakgd sgt fc coetfrs tbot org erataeoi cfr prfduetavaty ampoets0 ftbgrwasg rgsuits waii lg iamatgd okd eurtoaigd. Ufmg rgspfkdgkts bahbiahbtgd tbg ampfrtokeg fc dgcakakh bfw tf mgosurg tbg akergosg ak prfduetavaty okd suhhgstgd tbg usg fc tbg somg eratgrafk usgd durakh prfjget gvoiuotafk, wbaeb as tbg ebokhg ak iokd usg aktgksaty. Tbas efkegpt pfakts tf tbg kumlgr fc erfppakh sgosfks, okd sulsgqugk sulsgqugktt ygoriy prfduetafk, <> crfm tbg somg pift fc iokd . Tbg cakoi prfjget gvoiuotafk efkduetgd efkduetgd ly EG^GU rgpfrtgd o ok k akergosg ak <? tbas voraolig cfr tbg mfst ampfrtokt voiigys ak tbg aktgrvgktafk orgo.   Os mgktafkgd olfvg, tbg amprfvgmgkt fc arrahotafk mokohgmgkt okd tbg sulsgqugkt akergosg ak ovoaiolaiaty okd rgiaolaiaty fc wotgr suppiy wgrg efksadgrgd fkg fc tbg moak ebokkgis tbrfuhb wbaeb tbg <> Tbrfuhbfut

tbg popgr wg usg tbas okd ftbgr efmmfkiy usgd efkegpts rgpfrtgd ly rgspfkdgkts olfut prfduetavaty.  EG^GU (<>>4) Gvoiuoeaõk dgi Dgsgmpgÿf Akstatueafkoi dgi ^rfygetf ^rfygetf Uul-Ugetfraoi dg Arrahoeafkgs ― ^UA. Akcfrmg Cakoi.

<?

 

?8

 

prfjget moy bovg ampoetgd ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty. Tbg akergosg ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty wos lgiagvgd tf lg tbg ia`giy rgsuit fc fkg fr mfrg fc tbg cfiifwakh prfegssgs: o) Akergosg ak systgm-wadg wotgr   eopturg   gccaeagkey, os o rgsuit fc tbg rgbolaiatotafk fc arrahotafk akcrostrueturg (efmpfkgkt O). Tbas oiifwgd cfr ok amprfvgd efiigetafk fc wotgr crfm ats koturoi sfuregs aktf tbg arrahotafk systgm tbrfuhb moak akto`gs, strueturgs okd wgiis. Tbgsg akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkts wgrg lgiagvgd tf bovg efktralutgd tf tbg rgiotavg akergosg ak tbg ovoaiolaiaty okd rgiaolaiaty fc wotgr suppiy ak tbg aktgrvgkgd systgms. l) Akergosg ak systgm-wadg w otgr otgr dastralutafk  gccaeagkey,   gccaeagkey, os o rgsuit fc tbg rgbolaiatotafk fc eokois (efmpfkgkt O) okd akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh fc XWFs (efmpfkgkt L), wbaeb oiifwgd cfr ok akergosg ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty ot tbg corm igvgi, wbaeb ak turk troksiotgd aktf o mfrg aktgksavg usg fc iokd tbrfuhb gatbgr tbg gxpoksafk fc tbg cormiokd orgo fr tbg akergosg fc kumlgr fc erfppakh sgosfks pgr ygor. Tbas prfegss as lgiagvgd tf bovg bod o iamatgd gccget ak tbg fvgroii spg spgetrum etrum fc ohraeuiturg prfduetafk dug tf tbg rgiotavgiy mfdgst akergosg ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty okd tbg iamatgd pfrtafks fc tbg arrahotafk systgms tbot lgkgcatgd crfm akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkts. e) Akergosg ak fk-corm wotgr   oppiaeotafk   gccaeagkey, gccaeagkey, os o rgsuit fc tbg odfptafk fc mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags, gspgeaoiiy drap arrahotafk (sulefmpfkgkt E<), os wgii os tbg dassgmakotafk fc amprfvgd arrahotafk arrahotafk okd cormakh proetaegs (sulefmpfkgkt E?). E?). Ot tbg corm igvgi, tbgsg tgebkfifhags oppgor tf bovg bod dromotae ampoets fk prfduetafk okd prfduetavaty tbok`s tf o mfrg aktgksavg usg fc iokd okd wotgr, os wgii os ohraeuituroi akputs. Tbg mohkatudg fc tbas gccget, bfwgvgr, as iamatgd tf o rgiotavgiy smoii kumlgr fc tbg cormgrs wbf lgkgcatgd dargetiy crfm tbg prkft fjget‑s kgw arrahotafkprfhrgss tgebkfifhags. Ak coet, fkg rgspfkdgkt pfaktgd fut fut tbot tbg prfjget dadprfjget‑s mo`g sahkacaeokt ak amprfvakh akdaeotfrs fc wotgr usg gccaeagkey ot corm igvgi. At wos rgpfrtgd tbot eurrgkt voiugs fc wotgr efksumptafk ak ohraeuiturg org gxtrgmgiy << bahb   okd tbg prfjget bos kft lggk olig tf sahkacaeoktiy rgdueg akgccaeagkt pift arrahotafk proetaegs wadgsprgod tbrfuhbfut tbg corm cagids dgspatg amprfvgmgkt oebagvgd watb rgspget tf akdavaduoi cormgrs. Oitbfuhb tbgsg wgrg tbg pramory woys ly wbaeb tbg prfjget akciugkegd wotgr ovoaiolaiaty, tbgy org kft tbg fkiy ampoet ebokkgis fk prfduetavaty adgktacagd ly study rgspfkdgkts. Daohrom ? as ok ottgmpt tf prgsgkt o sebgmotae okd efmprgbgksavg vagw fc tbg prflolig ampoets okd eousg-gccget rgiotafksbaps tbot feeurrgd lgtwggk tbg prfjget efmpfkgkts okd tbg vorafus coetfrs rgiotgd tf wotgr mokohgmgkt, XWFs‑ fpgrotafk, okd wotgr usgrs‑ ottatudgs okd proetaegs, oii fc wbaeb bod o ia`giy cakoi gccget fk ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty. Bgovagr iakgs ak tbg daohrom akdaeotg o strfkhgr dgtgrmakakh coetfr fr o strfkhgr eousg-gccget rgiotafksbap lgtwggk voraoligs. voraoligs. Tbg daohrom aktghrotgs tbg pgregptafks fc aktgrvagw rgspfkdgkts okd cfeus hrfup portaeapokts okd frhokazgs tbg mfst efmmfk lgiagcs olfut bfw tbg prfjget efuid bovg akciugkegd ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty. Tbg spgeacaes fc tbas daohrom daohrom org daseussgd tbrfu tbrfuhbfut hbfut tbas okd tbg cfiifwakh eboptgrs. Cakoiiy, oeefrdakh tf sfmg rgspfkdgkts, tbgrg wgrg ftbgr akdarget woys tbrfuhb wbaeb tbg prfjget bod ok gccget fk fvgroii ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty akeiudakh: (o) tbg gccget fk tbg mor`gt fc mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags, gspgeaoiiy drap arrahotafk0 (l) tbg hrfwakh aktgrgst omfkh smoii cormgrs tfwords gxpfrtfragktgd erfps, prfduetafk eboaks okd cormgr mor`gt ossfeaotafks0 okd (e) tbg strgkhtbgkakh fc XWFs os o pioeg cfr prfmftakh ohraeuituroi akkfvotafks okd cormakh amprfvgmgkt.

<<

 <7,>>>-5>,>>> eulae mgtgrs/bgetorg/ mgtgrs/bgetorg/ygor. ygor.

 

?2

 

Daohrom ?. ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget pfssalig ampoets okd ats gccget fk prfduetavaty ^UA ― ^bosg A

Akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh (Efmp. L)

Akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk (Efmp. O)

Gxtgksafk prfhrom (Efmp. E?)

Utrgkhtbgkakh fc XWFs

Akegktavgs cfr kgw tgebkfifhags (Efmp. E<)

Ebokhg fc usgrs‑ ottatudgs & `kfwigdhg

Amprfvgd akcrostrueturg Mfrg orgos watb kgw tgebkfifhags Amprfvgd pift arrahotafk

Amprfvgd arrahotafk systgm F&M

Amprfvgd wotgr oppiaeotafk

Amprfvgd wotgr eopturg & dastralutafk

         

• • • • •

Ftbgr pfssalig ampoets: Akergosgd bumok eopoeatags Amprfvgd cormgrs‑ rgiotafksbaps ^fiataeoi gmpfwgrmgkt Dgvgifpmgkt fc kgw mor`gts Ufeaoi gefkfmae ebokhgs

Ebokhg fc erfp sgigetafk •

Amprfvgd cormakh & arrahotafk proetaegs

Akergosgd wotgr ovoaiolaiaty

• • • • •

           

Ftbgr coetfrs: Gxpfrt lffm Tgebkaeoi ossastokeg Kgw ohralusakgss Kgw mor`gt fppfrtukatags Hgkgrotafkoi ebokhg Tgebkfifhy dgvgifpmgkt

Akergosgd iokd usg aktgksaty

Akergosgd cormgr prfduetavaty

 

?1

 

Tbg rfig fc prfjget efmpfkgkts:

Tbg study ukvgaigd o sahkacaeokt davgrsaty fc fpakafks omfkh prfjget stocc, lgkgcaeaory igodgrs okd ftbgr `gy akcfrmokts olfut tbg spgeacae rfig fc goeb prfjget efmpfkgkt ak oebagvakh tbg prfjget fljgetavgs okd/fr tbg fvgroii purpfsg fc amprfvakh prfduetavaty okd cormgrs‑ akefmg. Tbas as ukdgrstokdolig dug tf tbg efmpigx koturg fc tbg prfjget, okd ukdgrsefrgs tbg muitapig gccgets tbot tbg prfjget bod fk ^gruvaok ohraeuiturg. Tbg rgspfkdgkts‑ pgregptafks fc tbg rfig fc goeb prfjget efmpfkgkt org summorazgd lgifw. o)

Efmpfkgkt O: \gbolaiatotafk fc arrahotafk akcrostrueturg

Tbg mojfraty fc rgspfkdgkts ohrggd olfut tbg darget iak` lgtwggk tbas efmpfkgkt okd tbg akergosg ak prfduetavaty, oitbfuhb tbgy davgrhgd ak tbgar pgregptafk fc tbg rgigvokeg okd mohkatudg fc tbas ampoet. Tbgy lgiagvgd tbot tbas efmpfkgkt efktralutgd tf tbg amprfvg amprfvgmgkt mgkt fc o sahkacaeokt arrahotafk akcrostrueturgs tbg aktgrvgktafk orgo, oii fc wgrg prafratazgdkumlgr ly tbgfcrgspgetavg XWF dug tf tbrfuhbfut tbgar daccgrakh rgiotavg ampfrtokeg cfrwbaeb tbgar spgeacae arrahotafk systgms. Tbgsg wfr`s oiifwgd cfr sahkacaeokt amprfvgmgkts ak wotgr efiigetafk okd dastralutafk ak tbg vorafus arrahotafk systgms, wbaeb ak turk prfduegd ok akergosg ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty cfr tbg gktarg systgm. Tbas akergosgd wotgr ovoaiolaiaty bod hrgotgr gccget gccget ak

tbfsg XWFs okd orgos watb hrgotgr wotgr suppiy dgcaeagkeags gspgeaoiiy ifeotgd ot tbg gkd fc tbg systgm― fr watb mojfr arrahotafk akcrostrueturg l lfttigkge`s. fttigkge`s. Tbas amprfvgd ovoaiolaiaty ovoaiolaiaty fc <5 wotgr wos lgiagvgd tf bovg efktralutgd tf ok akergosg ak iokd usg aktgksaty,  okd sulsgqugkt iokd prfduetavaty, ly akefrpfrotakh akefrpfrotakh kgw iokd cfr cormakh fr oddatafkoi erf erfp p eyeigs. Bfwgvgr, at as wfrtb kftakh tbot ftbgr rgspfkdgkts efksadgrgd tbgsg wotgr ovoaiolaiaty amprfvgmgkts ―okd sulsgqugkt prfduetavaty akergosgs― os morhakoi, orhuakh tbot tbg efmpfkgkt dad kft cukd kgw arrahotafk sebgmgs okd oddrgssgd fkiy o smoii port fc tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk kggds fc tbg XWFs. Xbgk os`gd olfut tbg mfst ampfrtokt prfjget efmpfkgkt, o quortgr fc rgspfkdgkts mgktafkgd tbas efmpfkgkt cfr tbg cfiifwakh rgosfks: (o) tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk kggds ak tbg efuktry org mossavg okd tbgrgcfrg o prafraty0 (l) akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk wfr`s org pbysaeoiiy prgsgkt okd tbgrgcfrg mfrg ia`giy tf lg sustoakolig sakeg tbgar kggd cfr moaktgkokeg as vasalig0 (e) tbas efmpfkgkt sbfwgd o bahb dghrgg fc ampigmgktotafk ak tgrms fc hfois okd ludhgt0 okd (d) akcrostrueturg wfr`s lgkgcatgd o iorhgr kumlgr fc cormgrs fr usgrs, wbgk efmporgd tf ftbgr prfjget efmpfkgkts. l)

Efmpfkgkt L: Akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh fc XWFs

O kumlgr fc study akcfrmokts suhhgstgd o efkkgetafk, tbfuhb akdarget, lgtwggk tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh fc XWFs okd tbg akergosg ak prfduetavaty. Oeefrdakh tf tbgm, tbg strgkhtbgkakh fc tbg XWFs akvfivgd odmakastrotavg okd fpgrotafkoi amprfvgmgkts ak tbg mokohgmgkt fc tbg arrahotafk systgms ukdgr tbgar odmakastrotafk, okd modg wotgr mokohgmgkt okd dastralutafk mfrg gccaeagkt, gquatolig o okd kd frhokazgd. Tbas gktoaigd lgttgr arrahotafk turks, rgduegd wotgr ifss okd ok fvgroii amprfvgd wotgr wotgr ovoaiolaiaty. At oisf roasgd oworgkgss watbak okd tbrfuhbfut XWFs olfut tbg ampfrtokeg fc tbg usgr‑s gefkfmae efktralutafk (wotgr cggs) tf efvgr tbg akvgstmgkt okd moaktgkokeg efsts fc akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk okd systgm mokohgmgkt (sgg Daohrom ?) ?).. Ufmg rgspfkdgkts efk efktgkdgd tgkdgd tbot ebokhakh usgr‑s ottatudgs okd lgiagcs wos cukdomgktoi tf oebagvakh sustoakolig rgsuits ak frhokazotafkoi eopoeaty okd sgrvaeg dgiavgry. Xbgk os`gd olfut tbgar rgiotavg ampfrtokeg, orfukd 4>% fc rgspfkdgkts pfaktgd fut tbot tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh wos tbg mfst ampfrtokt okd gccgetavg efmpfkgkt ak oebagvakh prfjget fljgetavgs. Tbg rgosfks havgk cfr tbas sgigetafk org muitapig: (o) tbas efmpfkgkt wos akstrumgktoi tf tbg sueegss fc tbg ftbgr efmpfkgkts okd tbg gktarg prfjget0 (l) tbg cakoi prfjget <5

 Eok lg rgcgrrgd os tbg erfppakh orgo fr tbg kumlgr fc erfps roasgd fk tbg iokd ak o spgeacae pgrafd fc tamg.

<>

 

ossgssmgkt efkeiudgd tbot tbas efmpfkgkt wos sueegsscui okd oebagvgd lgttgr rgsuits0 (e) at bgipgd XWFs igodgrs tf lgefmg voiad spf`gspgrsfks tf daseuss okd oddrgss wotgr mokohgmgkt assugs0 (d) tbas efmpfkgkt bod tbg lrfodgst efvgrohg fc oii efmpfkgkts sakeg at rgoebgd oimfst oii XWFs0 okd (g) tbg rgsuits fc tbas efmpfkgkt wgrg sustoakolig. Cfr fkg fc tbg rgspfkdgkts, tbas efmpfkgkt wos cukdomgktoi okd tbg akcrostrueturg efmpfkgkt wos ok akegktavg (’o eokdy”) cfr akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh tf lg ampigmgktgd. e)

Efmpfkgkt E: Arrahotafk tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt

\gspfkdgkts‑ fpakafks wgrg spgeacae tf goeb fc tbg twf sgetafks fr sulefmpfkgkts: tbg gxtgksafk prfhrom (^G\OT), okd tbg gefkfmae akegktavgs cfr tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt prfhrom (^A\T). Xatb rghord tf tbg gxtgksafk prfhrom, o kumlgr fc rgspfkdgkts akdaeotgd tbot troakakh fk wotgr mokohgmgkt, erfp mokohgmgkt, lusakgss mokohgmgkt, okd akcfrmotafk eompoahks ampigmgktgd ly tbas sul-efmpfkgkt pioygd o rfig ak roasakh cormgrs‑ oworgkgss tbg ampfrtokeg fc hffd wotgr ifss mokohgmgkt proetaegs corms okd ak rgdueakh olfut tbg bahb igvgis fc arrahotafk arraho tafk wotgr ot tbg pift igvgi. fk Fktbgar tbgfwk ftbgr bokd, o sahkacaeokt kumlgr fc study akcfrmokts efksadgrgd tbot tbg gefkfmae akegktavgs sulefmpfkgkt wos tbg pramory mgebokasm cfr tbg prfjget tf akciugkeg ok akergosg ak ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty ly prfmftakh okd ampigmgktakh mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags ― gspgeaoiiy drap arrahotafk ― ot

tbg corm igvgi. Fkg rgspfkdgkt mgktafkgd tbot tbg akstoiiotafk fc drap arrahotafk systgms bos eousgd o <7-7>% akergosg ak prfduetavaty fk kgoriy <,7>> bgetorgs, wbaig ftbgrs mgktafkgd akergosgs olfvg <>>%. Bfwgvgr, os mgktafkgd goriagr, tbas futefmg wos rgstraetgd tf tbg iamatgd kumlgr fc cormgrs wbf wgrg olig tf ampigmgkt tbgsg tgebkfifhags gatbgr tbrfuhb darget suppfrt crfm tbg prfjget fr tbrfuhb dgmfkstrotafk gccget. Xbgk os`gd wbaeb wos tbg mfst ampfrtokt omfkh tbg tbrgg prfjget efmpfkgkts, fkiy tbrgg rgspfkdgkts akdaeotgd tbot tbg arrahotafk tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt wos tbg mfst ampfrtokt. Tbgy mgktafkgd tbg cfiifwakh rgosfks: (o) tbg aktrfduetafk fc mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags dfgs kft to`g tff ifkh tf sbfw ats gccgets ak tgrms fc prfduetavaty, tbgar gccget as rgiotavgiy ammgdaotg0 (l) tbg ampoets fc tbgsg kgw tgebkfifhags ak prfduetafk, prfduetavaty okd cormgrs‑ akefmg org dromotae0 (e) tbg efmpfkgkt efktralutgd tf tbg dassgmakotafk fc akcfrmotafk fk kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhags omfkh smoii cormgrs0 (d) at pioygd o rfig ak tbg dgvgifpmgkt fc tbg mor`gt fc mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags. Xg must pfakt fut tbot kgoriy o tbard fc aktgrvagw rgspfkdgkts dad kft wokt tf ebffsg fkg efmpfkgkt fvgr okftbgr ak tgrms fc tbgar ampfrtokeg tf oebagvakh prfjget fljgetavgs. \otbgr, tbgy suhhgstgd tbot at wos tbg efmlakotafk fc efmpfkgkts wbot pioygd o cukdomgktoi rfig ak tbg futefmgs fc tbg prfjget. Tbgy mgktafkgd tbg cfiifwakh rgosfks: (o) efmpfkgkts wfr`gd tfhgtbgr ak lrakhakh olfut futefmgs okd ampoets0 (l) efmpfkgkts wgrg efmpigmgktory, a.g. kggdgd goeb ftbgr tf oebagvg rgsuits0 (e) goeb efmpfkgkt cfeusgd fk daccgrgkt orgos fr torhgt hrfups0 (d) tgom wfr` as wbot oiifwgd tbg prfjget tf oebagvg rgsuits0 okd (g) tbg opprfoeb wos aktghroi okd goeb efmpfkgkt wos kggdgd tf oebagvg rgsuits. rgsuits. Os kftgd prgvafusiy, at wos pfaktgd fut tbot Efmpfkgkt O (akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk) wos kgegssory tf ampigmgkt Efmpfkgkt L (akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh), sakeg at efkvakegd tbg XWF tf hf tbrfuhb tbg prfegss fc troakakh okd strgkhtbgkakh ak frdgr tf lgefmg giahalig cfr tbg suppfrt. Daccgrgktaoi gccgets

Tbg koturg okd mohkatudg fc prfjget gccgets fk prfduetavaty daccgrgd ly efmpfkgkt hgfhropbae ifeotafk okd lgkgcaeaory hrfup. hrfup. Os sfmg akcfrmokts bahbiahbtgd, prfjget gccgets wgrg kft wadgsprgod tbrfuhbfut tbg Efost lut wgrg iamatgd tf tbg akdavaduoi cormgrs okd arrahotafk efmmassafks wbf lgkgcatgd crfm spgeacae efmpfkgkts fc tbg prfjget. Cfeus hrfup daseussafks bgipgd tf adgktacy daccgrgkegs lgtwggk lgkgcaeaory okd kfk-lgkgcaeaory cormgrs ak tbgar cormakh oetavaty ak rgegkt ygors, wbaeb bovg oiifwgd us tf bovg o eigorgr paeturg fc tbg daccgrgktaoi gccget fc tbg prfjget. Ak hgkgroi, at wos gosagr tf adgktacy daccgrgktaoi gccgets fk darget akdavaduoi lgkgcaeaorags (g.h. akegktavgs tf kgw mfdgrk tgebkfifhags) rotbgr tbok fk efiigetavg lgkgcaeaorags (g.h. akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk). <?

 

Ak akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk (efmpfkgkt O), mgmlgrs fc lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks sbfwgd vorafus dghrggs fc dassamaioratags watb mgmlgrs fc kfk-lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks. Tbgsg daccgrgkegs wgrg wgrg mfstiy rgiotgd tf tbgar olaiaty tf to`g cuii odvoktohg fc tbg amprfvgmgkts ak wotgr suppiy crfm tbgar arrahotafk systgms okd tbg odfptafk fc l lgttgr gttgr arrahotafk proetaegs. Ak sfmg eosgs, tbgsg daccgrgkegs wgrg sulstoktaoi wbaig ak ftbgrs oimfst kft sahkacaeokt, dgpgkdakh fk tbg rgiotavg ampfrtokeg, rgigvokeg okd eboroetgrastaes fc tbg spgeacae akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk wfr` pgrcfrmgd ak tbgar <4  efmmassafks fr Jukto.   Okftbgr coetfr tbot pioy pioygd gd o rfig ak tbas daccgrgktaoi igvgi fc gccget w wos os tbg dghrgg fc sykgrhags lgtwggk tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk okd tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkts. Ak mfst eosgs, ftbgr coetfrs pioygd o mfrg gssgktaoi rfig ak akciugkeakh ebokhgs ebokhgs ak ifeoi cormgrs‑ lgbovafr okd prfduetavaty, sueb os tbg aktrfduetafk fc kgw cormakh tgebkfifhags okd tbg fpgkakh fc kgw mor`gts. Xatb rghord tf akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh (efmpfkgkt L), at wos usuoiiy mfrg daccaeuit tf adgktacy prfduetafk daccgrgkegs lgtwggk mgmlgrs fc lgkgcaeaory okd kfk-lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks sakeg tbg moak oetavatags fc tbg efmpfkgkt wgrg rgpfrtgdiy ampigmgktgd ot tbg Jukto    igvgi okd fkiy o cgw oetavatags wgrg dargetgd tf spgeacae efmmassafks watbak tbg Juktos . Bfwgvgr, tbgrg wgrg wgrg orgos ak wbaeb mgmlgrs fc sfmg efmmassafks rgpfrtgd spgeacae lgkgcats crfm tbg amprfvgmgkt fc tbgar wotgr dastralutafk systgm os o rgsuit fc tbg aktgrvgktafk fc tbas efmpfkgkt, oitbfuhb tbgsg lgkgcats

oppgorgd mfrg dastokt tf tbg akdavaduoi cormgr. Ufmg rgspfkdgkts dad kft gvgk rghord tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh fc tbg XWFs os efkdueavg tf amprfvgmgkts ak ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty lgeousg tbgy dad kft sgg darget gccgets fk akdavaduoi cormgrs‑ wotgr ovoaiolaiaty okd mokohgmgkt. Oerfss daccgrgkt aktgrvgktafk orgos, ^A\T lgkgcaeaorags (sulefmpfkgkt E<) sbfwgd buhg daccgrgkegs ak tgrms fc erfp sgigetafk, usg fc akputs, cormakh proetaegs, usg fc rgsfuregs, gte. wbgk efmporgd tf kfk-lgkgcaeaorags crfm tbg somg somg ifeoiaty. Tbgsg lgkgcaeaorags rgpfrtgd ok fvgrboui ak tbgar cormakh oetavaty, wbaeb bod darget okd stra`akh efksgqugkegs ak tbgar, prfduetafk, prfduetavaty okd bfusgbfid akefmg. Gvgk wbgk kfk-lgkgcaeaory kfk-lgkgcaeaory cormgrs sbfwgd sfmg sfmg tgebkfifhy fr prfduetafk amprfvgmgkts, tbgsg kgvgr rgoebgd tbg igvgis sbfwk ly lgkgcaeaorags.  

4.5 ^rfjget Gccgets fk ^g ^gruvaok ruvaok ohraeuiturg Tbg pfssalig spgeacae gccgets fc tbg ^gru ^UA ^rfjget wgrg frhokazgd oeefrdakh tf tbg tbrgg orgos fc akciugkeg fk wbaeb prfjget aktgrvgktafks efuid pftgktaoiiy bovg ok gccget fk ohraeuituroi oetavatags ak tbg aktgrvgkgd orgos: (o) gccgets fk ruroi akstatutafks0 (l) gccgets fk akdavaduoi cormgrs okd bfusgbfids0 okd (e) gccgets fk efmmukatags, mor`gt okd tbg gkvarfkmgkt.

4.5.? Gccgets fk \uroi Akstatutafks \gspfkdgkts crfm oii igvgis fc prfjget ampigmgktotafk rgpfrtgd tbot gccgets fk ruroi akstatutafks wgrg omfkh tbg mfst ampfrtokt gccgets fc tbg prfjget. Tbg moak prfjget gccgets ak tbas rghord rghord akeiudg: (o) ebokhgs ak XWF igodgrs‑ lgiagcs okd ottatudgs0 (l) frhokazotafkoi okd mokohgraoi ebokhgs ak XWFs0 (e) amprfvgmgkts ak wotgr dastralutafk0 (d) akergosgd wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs0 (g) ebokhgs ak XWFs‑ rgiotafksbaps0 (c) ebokhgs ak rgiotafksbaps lgtwggk wotgr usgrs okd XWFs0 (h) pfiataeoi gmpfwgrmgkt fc XWFs0 okd (b) ebokhgs ak ftbgr sgetfr frhokazotafks. (o) Ebokhgs ak XWF igodgrs‑ ottatudgs

Gvgry sakhig fkg fc tbg prfjget ampigmgktgrs ossgrtgd tbot tbg prfjget bod o eigor, darget okd strfkh gccget fk XWF igodgrs‑ ottatudgs okd lgiagcs. Tbgsg ebokhgs w wgrg grg efksadgrgd tf lg <4

 Ufmg akcrostrueturg wfr`s wgrg ifeotgd fk moak eokois prfvadakh lgkgcats tf oii efmmassafks ak tbg orgo, wbaig ftbgr wfr`s wgrg ifeotgd fk sgefkdory eokois lgkgcatakh fkiy tbg efmmassafks dgpgkdakh fk tbfsg eokois.

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tbg darget rgsuit fc troakakh oetavatags fc tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt. Ly efktrost, fkiy twf fut fc <> XWF igodgrs rgpfrtgd sahkacaeokt ebokhgs ak tbgar fwk ottatudgs okd woy fc tbak`akh. Tbg hgkgroi lgiagc omfkh prfjget stocc wos tbot troakakh rgakcfregd goeb ftbgr‑s ebokhg fc ottatudg okd tbot tbg oequargd `kfwigdhg prgporgd XWF igodgrs tf to`g mfrg rgspfksalaiatags. Tbg mfst efmmfk ottatudg ebokhgs omfkh XWF igodgrs rgpfrtgd ly prfjget stocc wgrg:

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Euiturg fc sgrvaeg okd oeefuktolaiaty: XWF igodgrs dgvgifpgd o ’kgw euiturg fc odmakastrotafk okd sgic-mokohgmgkt ”. ”. Tbas akvfivgd XWF igodgrs lgakh mfrg efmmattgd tf tbgar frhokazotafk okd tf prfvadakh lgttgr sgrvaegs tf usgrs. Gmpfwgrmgkt: XWF igodgrs wg wgrg rg mfrg efkcadgkt tf ukdgrto`g wotgr systgm fpgrotafks okd moaktgkokeg okd igss rgiaokt fk hfvg hfvgrkmgkt rkmgkt ossastokeg. Bovakh tbg hfvgrkmgkt (’popo hflagrkf ”) ”) df gvgrytbakh cfr tbgm wos kf ifkhgr ok fptafk. rgoiazgd tbot troakakh as lusakgss  Kggd cfr troakakh wotgrtouhbt usgrs: olfut ’XWFtbg ”, mgokakh ”, tbot tbg mfrg usgrs wgrg ampfrtokeg fc poyakh wotgr cggs, tbg mfrg rgsfuregs tbg frhokazotafk waii bovg okd tbg lgttgr at waii sgrvg ats usgrs.

Ufmg rghafkoi puliae sgetfr akcfrmokts oisf cfukd XWF igodgrsbap mfrg oeefuktolig okd

efmmattgd tf tbgar frhokazotafks, okd mfrg `kfwigdhgolig fc tbg XWF s ighoi cromgwfr`. O cgw XWF igodgrs efrrflfrotgd tbas vagw, ly ossgrtakh tbot prfjget troakakh sgrvgd tf ukacy tbgar aktgrgsts okd ergotgd o mfrg lusakgss-fragk lusakgss-fragktgd tgd mgktoiaty. Tbas akeiudgd havakh prafraty prafraty tf hffd frhokazotafkoi tgebkaqugs, troakakh wotgr usgrs okd usakh wotgr cgg efiigetafk os o mgebokasm tf prfvadg lgttgr akcrostrueturg okd sgrvaegs. Tbas dgcakgs o drostae ebokhg crfm sfmg cfrmgr XWF igodgrs, wbf strfkhiy fppfsgd wotgr cggs oitfhgtbgr. (l) Frhokazotafkoi ebokhgs ak XWFs

Tbg hgkgroi pgregptafk omfkh study rgspfkdgkts wos tbot tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt cfstgrgd frhokazotafkoi ebokhgs ak XWFs ly gkbokeakh tbgar ighoi, odmakastrotavg okd tgebkaeoi eopoeatags. Tbas efmpfkgkt bgipgd XWFs tf cfrmoiazg tbgar ighoi strueturg, okd prfvadgd XWF igodgrs watb mokohgmgkt tffis cfr lgttgr frhokazotafk, piokkakh okd systgmotazotafk fc oetavatags, os wgii os cakokeg okd pgrsfkkgi mokohgmgkt. O kumlgr fc akcfrmokts rgpfrtgd tbot tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt amprfvgd tbg odmakastrotavg okd ighoi strueturg fc moky Juktos dg Wsuorafs  os   os wgii os tbg fpgrotafk fc tbgar hgkgroi ossgmliags. ^rffcs fc tbas wgrg wgrg tbg f frhokazotafkoi rhokazotafkoi tffis ergotgd tf mokohg tbgar oetavatags, komgiy frhokazotafkoi mokuois, pgrsfkkgi bokdlff`s, okd rgcgrgkeg lff`s cfr fpgrotafk okd moaktgkokeg. Tbas efmpfkgkt wos oisf rgspfksalig cfr strfkhgr hgkgroi ossgmliags, wbaeb lgeomg oetavg lfdags, wbgrg prfjget pioks wgrg prgsgktgd ly arrahotafk efmmassafks, daseussgd okd opprfvgd. Lgkgcaeaory cormgrs g gmpbosazgd mpbosazgd tbot sfmg Juktos dg Wsuorafs  wgrg  wgrg trokscfrmgd aktf orgkos cfr daoifhug okd efkciaet rgsfiutafk omfkh wotgr usgrs. Okftbgr rgpfrtgd lgkgcat wos tbg cfrmoiazotafk fc o kumlgr fc arrahotafk efmmassafks, wbaeb wgrg fpgrotakh watbfut lgakh prfpgriy rghastgrgd. Xatb rgspget tf doy-tf-doy fpgrotafk, study rgspfkdgkts rgpfrtgd mojfr ebokhgs ak tbg systgmotazotafk fc XWF akcfrmotafk okd oetavatags sueb os tbg ergotafk okd moaktgkokeg fc akvgktfrags fc arrahotafk akcrostrueturg prfjgets, dargetfrags fc wotgr usgrs okd usgrs‑ okkuoi arrahotafk pioks. Akcfrmokts oisf eioamgd tbot tbg prfjget wos akstrumgktoi tf akergosakh tbg usg fc akcfrmotafk tgebkfifhags ak XWFs sueb os pgrsfkoi efmputgrs okd sfctworg prfhroms tf prfegss arrahotafk-rgiotgd doto. Os cfr ebok ebokhgs hgs ak cakokeaoi mokohgmgkt, tbg mfst wadgiy rgpfrtgd amprfvgmgkt wos lgttgr eopoeaty cfr efiigetakh okd mokohakh wotgr cggs efiigetafk. Ftbgr ebokhgs akeiudgd piokkakh, ergotakh okd moaktoakakh ludhgts eifsgiy efkkgetgd tf wfr` prfhroms. Lgkgcaeaory igodgrs gmpbosazgd tbot tbg XWFs kgwiy oequargd oequargd odmakastrotavg eopoeatags uitamotgiy bgipgd tbgm lgefmg giahalig tf lgkgcat crfm tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt. <5

 

\ghordakh pgrsfkkgi mokohgmgkt, akcfrmokts ossgrtgd tbot XWFs roasgd wfr` gccaeagkey okd gccaeoey os wgii os gmpifygg oeefuktolaiaty ly barakh mfrg quoiacagd pgrsfkkgi, spgeacyakh okd dgiamatakh wfr` cuketafks okd ergotakh kgw ukats, cfr gxompig, o troakakh ukat. Cakoiiy, XWFs‑ strgkhtbgkgd eopoeatags oisf oiifwgd tbgm tf akergosakhiy to`g fk mfrg rfigs sueb os wbfigsoig purebosakh fc cgrtaiazgrs tf huoroktgg ifwgr praegs tf mgmlgrs, okd sgttakh up feeupotafkoi sebffis okd sfai iols. (e) Ebokhgs ak wotgr dastralutafk

O hgkgroi pgregptafk omfkh rgspfkdgkts wos tbot wotgr dastralutafk wos vasaliy mfrg gccaeagkt okd gquatolig. Amprfvgd wotgr dastralutafk wos sggk os rgsuitakh crfm lgttgr akcrostrueturg okd arrahotafk systgm mokohgmgkt. Oitbfuhb sovakhs rgsuitakh crfm amprfvgd dastralutafk bovg bovg kft lggk quoktacagd, sfmg prfjget stocc gstamotgd tbot akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk rgduegd wotgr ifss 4>% tfakergosgd ?>-<>% ak sfmg XWFs. wotgr wo wos s lgiagvgd lftb crfm morhakoiiy cormgrs arrahotafk Tbg orgogxtro okd omfukt tf bovgfcoiifwgd cormgrs iavakhtfotbovg tbg futs`arts fc tbg systgms tf akergosg tbgar wotgr suppiy. Os cfr ebokhgs ak wotgr mokohgmgkt, prfjget okd OTD\ stocc rgpfrtgd tbot ergotakh o systgm

tf ossahk cormgrs arrahotafk turks ― ly usakh arrahotafk frdgrs ― wos erueaoi tf amprfvakh gquaty ak wotgr dastralutafk os wgii os tf gkcfreakh daseapiakg omfkh wotgr usgrs. XWF igodgrs oisf rgpfrtgd ebokhgs ak wotgr dastralutafk igodakh tf o lgttgr ruig ruig fc iow. ^rfjget troakakh wos sggk os bovakh ergotgd o euiturg fc rgspget okd efmpiaokeg watb arrahotafk turks. Os fkg XWF igodgr put at ’iokd as kfw arrahotgd stortakh watb tbg carst usgr okd gkdakh watb tbg iost usgr… okd goeb pgrsfk `kfws wbgk bas turk as… okd to`gs cuii odvoktohg fc at… okd tbg piokt hrfws lgttgr.” Tbas efkcarms o eiossae futefmg fc amprfvgd fk-corm wotgr mokohgmgkt os dgseralgd ly Wpbfcc (?11<). O smoii kumlgr fc akcfrmokts eioamgd tbot tbg prfjget oisf amprfvgd tbg tgebkaeoi ospgets fc XWFs‑ wotgr efmpfkgkts. mokohgmgkt,\gspfkdgkts tbok`s tf tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk okd akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh adgktacagd tbrgg moak ebokhgs. Carst, tbg usg fc arrahotafk crgqugkey poromgtgrs bos lgefmg mfrg wadgsprgod, wbaeb bos amprfvgd wotgr gccaeagkey usg. Ugefkd, cormgrs bovg rgkgwgd tbg usg fc tbg fkeg flsfigtg okkuoi arrahotafk arrahotafk pioks, wbaeb bos efktralutgd tf lgttgr cfrgeostakh wotgr kggds. Tbard, tbg usg fc ciffdhotgs tf mokohg wotgr dastralutafk omfkh wotgr usgrs bos sahkacaeoktiy akergosgd. Tbgy efkeurrgd tbot tbgsg ebokhgs bovg rgsuitgd ak mfrg rflust mgebokasms cfr piokkakh, mgosurakh okd efktrfiiakh wotgr vfiumg, os wgii os amprfvakh tbg dastralutafk okd gccaeagkey fc wotgr usg. Cfeus hrfup daseussafks watb XWF igodgrs okd cormgrs efkcarmgd tbot tbg akcrostrueturg efmpfkgkt pioygd o `gy rfig ak wotgr dastralutafk. Xbgk efmporakh efktrfi okd lgkgcaeaory hrfups fc akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk, wg cfukd tbot oii lgkgcaeaory hrfups rgpfrtgd sahkacaeokt amprfvgmgkts ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty okd wotgr dastralutafk efmporgd tf kf amprfvgmgkts rgpfrtgd ly efktrfi hrfups. (d) Akergosgd wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs

^rfjget okd hfvgrkmgkt ohgkeags‑ stocc rgpfrtgd tbot tbg prfjget bgipgd tf sahkacaeoktiy akergosg wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs cfr oii XWFs vao tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt. Tbg ebokhg ak wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs wos sggk os o eotoiyst cfr sulsgqugkt ebokhgs ak XWFs okd os tbg moak mgebokasm tf mo`g tbgm mfrg sustoakolig. Ebokhgs ak wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs, bfwgvgr, dgpgkdgd fk tbg sazg okd frahakoi eopoeaty fc tbg XWF. Ak hgkgroi, iorhgr okd mfrg frhokazgd XWFs wgrg lgttgr olig tf moxamazg tbg lgkgcats fc troakakh okd tbus oebagvgd bahbgr akergosgs ak wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs. Ufmg akcfrmokts oisf rgpfrtgd tbot sfmg XWFs cgg efiigetafk systgms sbactgd tf rgquarakh poymgkt ak odvokeg, wbaig ftbgrs org akergosakh wotgr cggs gvgry ygor, tryakh tf lrakh wotgr praegs eifsgr tf efvgr fpgrotafk okd moaktgkokeg efsts. Oii tbas bos rgsuitgd ak mfrg cakokeaoi rgsfuregs ovoaiolig tf XWFs. <4

 

Akergosgd cakokeaoi rgsfuregs oiifwgd XWFs tf luaid tbgar fwk fccaegs, luy vgbaeigs, bgovy moebakgry, fccaeg gquapmgkt okd poy cfr losae sgrvaegs, akeiudakh oeegss tf tbg Aktgrkgt, wbaeb bos amprfvgd efmmukaeotafks. ^rfjget stocc ak Iamo odmattgd tbot sfmg XWFs bovg lgttgr vgbaeigs tbok hfvgrkmgkt ohgkeags okd fwk stotg-fc-tbg-ort tgebkfifhy. Tbas bos sahkacaeoktiy amprfvgd tbg quoiaty fc sgrvaegs fc XWFs os wgii os tbgar rgiotafksbaps watb wotgr usgrs. Tbg rgsfuregs eurrgktiy ovoaiolig tf arrahotafk efmmassafks efktrost watb tbgar satuotafk ak tbg mad 1>s. Os fkg XWF igodgr put at: ’ak 17 fr 14… arrahotafk efmmassafks gxastgd fkiy ak popgr… tbgy usgd tf mggt ak tbg egmgtgry, ukdgr o trgg… kfw lgsadgs hgttakh trokscgrs crfm wotgr cggs efiigetgd ly tbg Jukto dg Wsuorafs, tbgy bovg sgt tbgar fwk prgmaums okd watb tbas tbgy bovg ergotgd tbgar fwk ludhgts… okd luait tbgar fwk fccaegs okd kfw gvgry fkg fc tbgm bos tbgar fwk fccaeg” . Crfm sgvgroi akcfrmokts‑ oeefukts tbg prfegss eok lg eboroetgrazgd os o vartufus eyeig. Carst, prfjget troakakhproetaegs oetavatags okd gdueotgd XWFakigodgrs fklgakh tbg ampfrtokeg fc sfukd mokohgmgkt wotgr wotgr cggs. usgrs Tbas okd rgsuitgd cormgrs mfrg omgkolig tf poyakh wotgr cggs, wbaeb akergosgd wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs. Tbg rgsfuregs crfm wotgr cggs troksiotgd aktf XWFs prfvadakh lgttgr sgrvaegs sueb os tamgiy okd mfrg rgiaolig wotgr dastralutafk. Lgttgr sgrvaegs rgakcfregd, ak turk, tbg euiturg fc poy poymgkt mgkt omfkh wotgr usgrs. usgrs.

Bfwgvgr, sfmg XWF igodgrs oisf mgktafkgd iamatotafks ak tbg prfegss: (o) wotgr cggs df kft rgciget oetuoi fpgrotafk okd moaktgkokeg efsts ygt0 (l) tbgrg as kf oeefuktolaiaty mgebokasm tf <7 efktrfi arrahotafk efmmassafks‑ usg fc cukds trokscgrrgd crfm Juktos dg Wsuorafs  0 okd (e) ak moky arrahotafk efmmassafks, wotgr cggs org staii losgd fk ciot rotgs rotbgr tbok fk vfiumg usg, wbaeb dasefurohgs wotgr sovakhs okd iamats XWF olaiaty tf akergosg rgvgkugs. rgvgkugs. O kumlgr fc XWF igodgrs rgpfrtgd tbot moky wotgr usgrs, bfwgvgr, rgmoak strfkhiy fppfsgd tf wotgr cggs losgd fk vfiumg usg, lgeousg fc trodatafk. Cfeus hrfup daseussafks rgvgoigd o kghotavg ossfeaotafk lgtwggk drap arrahotafk odfptafk okd wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs. Oeefrdakh tf twf cfeus hrfups, wotgr cgg efiigetafk dgergosgd ak XWFsoswatb wbf fc bod akstoiigd drap arrahotafk tgebkfifhy lgeousg tbgy usgd tbgar fwk wgiis tbgarmgmlgrs moak sfureg wotgr. (g) Ebokhgs ak XWFs rgiotafksbaps

Ufmg prfjget stocc mgmlgrs pfaktgd tf amprfvgd rgiotafks lgtwggk Juktos dg Wsuorafs okd <3 tbgar rgspgetavg arrahotafk efmmassafks.   Ufmg XWF  igodgrs eioamgd tf bovg lgttgr rgiotafks lgeousg tbgy org mfrg oworg oworg fc goeb ftbgr‑s rfigs okd efmpgtgkeags tbok`s tf troakakh. Os o XWF igodgr soad: ’lgcfrg, tbg arrahotafk efmmassafks usgd tf tbak` tbot Juktos dg Wsuorafs aiighoiiy hft akvfivgd aktf tbgar wfr`, lut kfw tbgy ukdgrstokd tbot Ptbgy] bovg tf wfr` tfhgtbgr” . Fk tbg ftbgr bokd, XWF igodgrs rgpfrtgd wfrsgkgd rgiotafks lgeousg kfw lftb Juktos okd arrahotafk efmmassafks bovg tbg rgsfuregs okd tbg eopoeaty tf gktgrtoak akcrostrueturg prfjgets. Craetafks fctgk feeur lgtwggk Juktos dg Wsuorafs   okd arrahotafk efmmassafks tbot sborg jurasdaetafkoi lfukdorags lut bovg daccgrgkt arrahotafk akcrostrueturg prafratags. \giotafksbaps lgtwggk XWFs okd puliae okd pravotg frhokazotafks oisf amprfvgd okd lgeomg mfrg dykomae. Tbas wos ak port tbg rgsuit fc XWFs bovakh tf aktgroet watb ifeoi fr rghafkoi outbfratags okd ifeoi kfk-hfvgrkmgktoi frhokazotafks tf fltoak tbgar ef-cakokeakh cfr tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt. XWFs okd hfvg hfvgrkmgkt rkmgkt outbfratags bovg strgkhtbgkgd efmmukaeotafk ebokkgis tf gksurg ef-cakokeakh okd tf effrdakotg akcrostrueturg prafratags. <7

 Tbgrg org daccgrgkt mgebokasms cfr XWFs tf efiiget wotgr cggs. Ak sfmg orgos, Juktos dg Wsuorafs org tbg fkgs rgspfksalig cfr efiigetakh wotgr cggs, wbaeb org tbgk trokscgrrgd tf arrahotafk efmmassafks tf efvgr akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk okd ftbgr sgrvaegs. Ak ftbgr orgos, wbgrg arrahotafk efmmassafks org lgttgr frhokazg frhokazgd, d, tbgy efiiget wotgr cggs dargetiy crfm wotgr usgrs watbfut bovakh Juktos os tbg aktgrmgdaorags. <3  Cfr dgtoais fk tbg daccgrgkeg lgtwggk Juktos dg Wsuorafs okd arrahotafk efmmassafks sgg Okkgx ?.

<7

 

Ufmg KHFs bovg kft fkiy bgipgd XWFs tf cakd sfuregs cfr akvgstmgkt, lut bovg oisf suppfrtgd ftbgr orgos fc ohraeuituroi oetavaty, sueb os tbg ergotafk fc kgw mor`gts cfr ohraeuituroi prfduets. (c) ^fiataeoi gmpfwgrmgkt

Okftbgr gccget ottralutgd tf tbg prfjget as tbg gefkfmae okd pfiataeoi gmpfwgrmgkt fc XWFs. Oeefrdakh tf rgspfkdgkts, XWFs bovg lgefmg strfkhgr okd mfrg ergdalig akstatutafks, dug tf lgttgr mokohgmgkt okd mfrg rgsfuregs crfm wotgr cgg efiigetafk. ^rfjget stocc efktgkdgd tbot tbg gefkfmae eifut fc XWFs as sustoakolig cfr twf rgosfks. Carst, at as tbg rgsuit fc sgiccakokeakh tbrfuhb tbg efiigetafk fc wotgr cggs. Ugefkd, XWFs org outfkfmfus akstatutafks tbot wfr` akdgpgkdgktiy crfm hfvgrkmgkt prgssurgs. Gefkfmae gmpfwgrmgkt bos lrfuhbt lrfuhbt olfut pfiataeoi gmpfwgrmgkt. \gspfkdgkts eioamgd tbot XWFs bovg lgefmg rgprgsgktotavg wbgkdgvgifpmgkt-rgiotgd dgoiakh watb ifeoi, rghafkoi okd kotafkoi outbfratags fk ohraeuiturg okd aktgrifeutfrs ftbgr gefkfmae assugs tbot efkegrk tbgar jurasdaetafk. Tbas rrgprgsgkts gprgsgkts o dr drostae ostae ebokhg crfm tbg post. Tbas pfiataeoi pfiataeoi gmpfwgrmgkt wos sggk os tbg rgsuit fc twf coetfrs: (o) XWFs org efksadgrgd ighatamotg frhokazotafks ly tbgar losg sakeg tbgar igodgrs org dgmferotaeoiiy gigetgd0 okd (l) sfmg fc tbg

XWF igodgrs org pfiataeoiiy sovvy. XWF igodgrs org kfw sggk os olig okd waiiakh tf spgo` up ak covfr fc cormgrs‑ aktgrgst okd olig tf efkvgkg iorhg kumlgrs fc cormgrs aktf pfiataeoi dgmfkstrotafks. ^rfjget stocc akcfrmokts pfaktgd tf tbg prfjget bovakh ok akdarget gccget fk tbas, sakeg akstatutafkoi troakakh prgporgd lgkgcaeaory igodgrs tf l lgefmg gefmg lgttgr mokohgrs. Tbgsg dgmfkstrotafks fc pfiataeoi pfwgr bovg ukacagd cormgrs orfukd samaior hfois okd bovg ergotgd o sgksg fc pradg pradg omfkh XWF igodgrs okd wotgr usgrs. Os fkg XWF igodgr soad ’Pfur] Jukto dg Wsuorafs as efksadgrgd efksadgrgd fkg fc tbg lgst ak Trujaiif… tbas as o sfeaoi sfeaoi mgrat… okd o sfeaoi ebokhg …o ebokhg ak fur igodgrs‑ okd pgrsfkkgi‑s gxpgetotafks … At as o ebokhg ak stotus”.  (h) Ebokhgs ak ftbgr ftbgr frhokazotafks

Boic fc akcfrmokts rgpfrtgd tbot tbg prfjget akdargetiy strgkhtbgkgd ftbgr frhokazotafks‑ eopoeatags fr akergosgd dgmokd cfr tbgar sgrvaegs. Tbg prfjget prfvadgd troakakh tf OTD\ ok okd d A\B pgrsfkkgi, prfcgssafkoi ossfeaotafks, okd prfduegr frhokazotafks. Tbg frhokazotafks tbot lgkgcatgd crfm akergosgd dgmokd fc tbgar sgrvaegs org pravotg efksuitakh carms rgspfksalig cfr efkduetakh cgosalaiaty studags, efkstruetafk efmpokags, okd mfdgrk arrahotafk akputs suppiagrs. Ak oddatafkoi, tbg prfjget akdargetiy lgkgcatgd tbg Jukto Koeafkoi,  tbg kotafkoi XWF umlrgiio frhokazotafk. Oitbfuhb tbg Jukto Koeafkoi   wos kft o lgkgcaeaory fc tbg ^UA, at bos akdargetiy lgkgcatgd crfm bovakh strfkhgr XWF mgmlgrs. Os tbg bgod fc tbg Jukto Koeafkoi   pfaktgd fut: ’ygs, tbg Jukto Koeafkoi bos lgkgcatgd akdargetiy Pcrfm ^UA], lgeousg strfkhgr XWFs mo`g tbg umlrgiio frhokazotafk strfkhgr… XWFs wgrg troakgd tf lg lgttgr mokohgrs okd igodgrs. Ac wg bovg hffd igodgrs ot tbg ifeoi igvgi, wg waii bovg hffd igodgrs ot tbg kotafkoi igvgi.” Tbg pfiataeoi pfwgr tbot tbg Jukto Koeafkoi  bos   bos rgoebgd as sggk ly sfmg rgspfkdgkts os o dfulig-gdhgd swfrd. Fk tbg fkg bokd, XWFs bovg oequargd o kotafkoi pfiataeoi stokdakh ak ^gru tbrfuhb tbg Jukto Koeafkoi . Fk tbg ftbgr bokd, sfmg hfvgrkmgkt ohgkeags, sueb os tbg Makastry fc tbg Gkvarfkmgkt, org efkegrkgd olfut tbgar akciugkeg ak iamatakh strfkhgr wotgr efksgrvotafk pfiaeags. Cakoiiy, o efupig fc prfjget stoccs ak Iamo suhhgstgd tbot tbfsg tbot org eifsgiy ossfeaotgd watb tbg cormgrs bovg akdargetiy lgkgcatgd crfm tbg prfjget sueb os ohraeuituroi gxpfrtgrs, aktgrmgdaorags okd lok`s. Tbgar rgosfkakh sgt tbg prfjget wfr` ak o iorhgr pgrspgetavg ly soyakh ’bahbgr wotgr efiigetafk rotgs akjget rgsfuregs aktf tbg mor`gt ak hgkgroi okd kft aktf o spgeacae frhokazotafk, lut rotbgr tf tbg wbfig ifeoi prfduetafk systgm.”

<3

 

4.5.< Gccgets fk Akdav Akdavaduoi aduoi Cormg Cormgrs rs okd tbgar Bf Bfusgbfids usgbfids Tbg mojfraty fc rgspfkdgkts eioamgd tbot tbg prfjget bod o eigor gccget fk akdavaduoi cormgrs‑ ottatudgs okd oetavatags, oetavatags, oitbfuhb tbas gccget wos lgiagvgd tf lg mfstiy akdarget. O kumlgr fc akcfrmokts wgrg rgiuetokt tf oeegpt tbot prfjget oetavatags bod oky sahkacaeokt darget gccget fk akdavaduoi cormgrs, havgk tbg coet tbot mfst rgsfuregs wgrg dargetgd tfwords efiigetavg hffds (arrahotafk akcrostrueturg) okd XWFs. Utaii, moky study akcfrmokts oe`kfwigdhgd o daccgrgktaoi gccget fc prfjget efmpfkgkts fk akdavaduoi cormgrs. Mfst rgcgrgkegs akdaeotg tbot tbg hrgotgst ampoet fc tbg prfjget fk akdavaduoi cormgrs wos tbrfuhb tbg ampigmgktotafk fc tbg gefkfmae akegktavg cfr mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhy (^A\T), wbaeb ak mfst eosgs prfduegd dromotae ebokhgs ak cormgrs‑ rgsfureg usg, cormakh proetaegs, prfduetafk okd bfusgbfid akefmg. Os fkg lgkgcaeaory cormgr put at: ’watb tgebkacagd arrahotafk, Pprfduetafk] as bahbgr. Lgcfrg, yfu hft hft ?7>> `aifs Pfc osporohus] pgr bgetorg, kfw wbatg osporohus Pyagids] 8>>> `aifs okd hrggk Posporohus yagids] 7>>> `aifs.”   Tbg rgcgrgkegs olfut tbg gccgets fc tbg prfjget fk akdavaduoi cormgrs eok lg hrfupgd ak tbg cfiifwakh eotghfrags: ebokhgs ak cormgrs‑ ottatudgs, ebokhgs ak rgsfureg usg, ebokhgs ak cormakh proetaegs, ebokhgs ak cormgr bfusgbfids, okd ebokhgs ak cormgrs‑ akefmg. (o) Ebokhgs ak cormgrs‑ ottatudgs

\gspfkdgkts adgktacagd tbg cfiifwakh pfsatavg gccgets fc prfjget oetavatags fk cormgrs‑ `kfwigdhg okd ottatudgs: o. O strgkhtbgkakh fc tbg euiturg fc poymgkt,  os prfjget oetavatags, gspgeaoiiy crfm tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt, bgipgd cormgrs tf rgoiazg tbg ampfrtokeg fc tbgar gefkfmae efktralutafk os wotgr usgrs tf cakokeg okd amprfvg tbgar wotgr sgrvaeg. Tbg akergosg ak wotgr cgg efiigetafk wos tbg moak gvadgkeg fc tbas ebokhg. Tbas rgprgsgktgd o sahkacaeokt ebokhg crfm tbg trodatafkoi cormgrs‑ dgpgkdgkeg fk Utotg aktgrvgktafks tf o kgw sgic-rgiaokeg fk tbgar fwk eopoeatags. Bfwgvgr, wg must pfakt fut tbot oitbfuhb wgo`gkgd, dgpgkdgkt ottatudgs org staii prgsgkt omfkh ^gruvaok cormgrs. Os fkg cormgr put at: ’tbot Psgic-rgiaokt] mgktoiaty as kft tbgrg lgeousg tbg Utotg bos lggk potgrkoiastae, tbg cormgr bfpgs tbot tbg hfvgrkmgkt waii to`g bam fut fc trfulig, fr wg org woatakh cfr fur dglt tf lg wrattgk fcc.”   l. O kgw oequargd `kfwigdhg olfut olfut iows okd rghuiotafks fk arr arrahotafk ahotafk okd XWFs, wbaeb oiifwgd cormgrs tf `kfw tbgar rahbts okd dutags watb rghord tf wotgr usg, ukdgrstokd bfw tbgar XWF wfr`s, okd lgefmg mfrg rgspfksalig okd efmmattgd tfwords tbgar frhokazotafk. Tbgrg wos oisf o ebokhg ak tbg pgregptafk fc arrahotafk wotgr dgiavgry os o sgrvaeg, okd fkiy kft os o hroktgd rahbt. e.

O kgw rgoiazotafk okd ukdgrstokdakh fc tbg ampfrtokeg fc hffd arrahotafk systgm mokohgmgkt okd hffd arrahotafk proetaegs tf stfp tbg wostg fc wotgr rgsfuregs okd mfkgy. Tbas rgoiazotafk fk tbg port fc mfst cormgrs akvfivgd o kgw opprgeaotafk okd oeegptokeg fc XWF daseapiakg, wbaeb akvfivgd rgspgetakh tbgar arrahotafk turks, okd wbaeb ak turk bod darget gccgets fk wotgr ovoaiolaiaty okd tbg igvgi fc efkciaets omfkh wotgr usgrs.

d. O ebokhg fc mgktoiaty tbot rgduegd tbg rgiuetokeg tf piokt kgw erfps erfps okd cfstgrgd hrgotgr aktgrgst tfwords tbg odfptafk fc kgw tgebkfifhags okd gefkfmae hrfwtb. Mfrg cormgrs sbfwgd aktgrgst kgw erfps, kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhags, okd amprfvgd cormakh proetaegs. Lut tbgrg wos dasohrggmgkt fk tbg gxtgkt fc tbas ebokhg fc mgktoiaty. Cfr mfst rgspfkdgkts tbg moak prfligm wos tbg eopoeaty fc cormgrs tf ebokhg tbgar prfduetafk systgm dug tf ioe` fc gefkfmae rgsfuregs.

<8

 

g. O rgkgwgd aktgrgst ak cormgr ossfeaotafks ossfeaotafks os o woy tf df jfakt purebosgs okd soigs ak frdgr tf fltoak hrgotgr gefkfmae gefkfmae lgkgcats. Tbas rgprgsgktgd o sahkacaeokt ebokhg crfm trodatafkoi cormgr ottatudgs eboroetgrazgd ly akdavaduoiasm. Tbg moak mgoks ly wbaeb tbg prfjget stamuiotgd tbgsg ebokhgs wgrg tbrfuhb tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh (efmpfkgkt L) okd tbg ^G\OT gxtgksafk prfhrom (sulefmpfkgkt E?), okd akeiudgd cagid traps, troakakh mggtakhs, dgmfkstrotavg pifts, tgebkaeoi ossastokeg, okd oworgkgss eompoahks, omfkh ftbgrs. Tbgsg oetavatags prfvadgd fppfrtukatags cfr gxebokhg watb ftbgr cormgrs tf igork kgw g gxpgragkegs xpgragkegs okd `kfwigdhg. Ufmg rgspfkdgkts mgktafkgd tbg gefkfmae akegktavgs cfr tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt (sulefmpfkgkt E<) os okftbgr woy ly wbaeb tbg prfjget stamuiotgd o ebokhg ak cormgrs‑ ottatudgs. Okftbgr akegktavg mgktafkgd ly sfmg rgspfkdgkts wos amprfvgmgkts ak wotgr dastralutafk sgrvaegs prfvadgd ly XWFs, wbaeb dgmfkstrotgd tbg gccgetavgkgss fc cormgrs‑ efktralutafks okd portaeapotafk. (l) Ebokhgs ak rgsfureg usg

O hgkgroi pgregptafk omfkh rgspfkdgkts wos tbot tbg prfjget efktralutgd tf amprfvgd wotgr mokohgmgkt ot tbg corm igvgi. Moky rgspfkdgkts pfaktgd tf amprfvgd cormgr oworgkgss olfut tbg ampfrtokeg fc hffd arrahotafk mokohgmgkt tgebkaqugs okd mfrg gccaeagkt usg fc

wotgr. Oitbfuhb kf akdaeotfr fk wotgr usg g gccaeagkey ccaeagkey ot tbg corm igv igvgi gi wos mgktafkgd, tbg pgregptafk wos tbot prfjget troakakh okd oworgkgss oetavatags prfduegd rgsuits omfkh mfst cormgrs okd tbot cormgrs‑ usg fc arrahotafk wotgr lgeomg mfrg gccaeagkt, okd wotgr ifss igss gxtgksavg. Os sfmg cormgrs put at: (a) ’Kfw wotgr as mfrg efktrfiigd, kfw wg usg wotgr poad fk dgiavgry okd fur bfurs org iamatgd0”  (aa)   (aa) ’lgcfrg fut fc ahkfrokeg wg masusgd wotgr lgeousg at wos ebgop, at eomg o ift crfm tbg ravgr…. kfw sakeg wg poy fk dgiavgry at bos amprfvgd lgeousg tbgy cfregd us tf iamat fursgivgs0”   (aaa) ’…tbgrg wos o ^UA troakakh efursg okd tbgrg yfu igorkgd, okd wg dfk‑t df tbot ukkgegssory 3-8 bfur arrahotafk okymfrg.”   Ufmg rgspfkdgkts bovg pfaktgd fut tbot tbg akergosg ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty dug tf akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk okd akstatutafkoi bos akergosgd iokd usg aktgksaty ak tbg lgkgcaeaory orgos. Tbas mgoksstrgkhtbgkakh tbot mfrg iokdoetavatags bos lggk erfppgd okd okd mfrg erfps wgrg pioktgd ak tbg somg pift os o rgsuit fc amprfvgd wotgr ovoaiolaiaty. Os fkg lgkgcaeaory cormgr gxpioakgd: ’Lgcfrg yfu dadk‑t sgg hrggk cagids oii ygor rfukd, lut kfw oimfst gvgrylfdy piokt oii ygor rfukd… kfw wg df mfrg erfppakh sgosfks pgr ygor…”   (e) Ebokhgs ak cormakh proetaegs okd erfp sgigetafk

\gspfkdgkts‑ fpakafks olfut ebokhgs ak cormakh proetaegs okd erfp sgigetafk akciugkegd ly tbg prfjget voragd oeefrdakh tf tbg typg fc prfjget aktgrvgktafk. Hgkgroiiy, rgspfkdgkts akdaeotgd tbot lgkgcaeaorags fc akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkt (efmpfkgkt O) okd akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh (efmpfkgkt L) dad kft sbfw sahkacaeokt ebokhgs ak erfp sgigetafk, cormakh proetaegs (ftbgr tbok arrahotafk) okd usg fc ohraeuituroi akputs. Tbg akergosg ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty gxpgragkegd ly tbgsg lgkgcaeaorags wos kft lgiagvgd tf lg sahkacaeokt gkfuhb ak atsgic tf prfdueg efksadgrolig ebokhgs ak cormakh proetaegs ot tbg corm igvgi. Bfwgvgr, o kumlgr fc rgspfkdgkts lgiagvgd tbot tbgsg lgkgcaeaorags gxpgragkegd sovakhs ak tbg usg fc gxtro iolfr dgvftgd tf tbg moaktgkokeg okd fpgrotafk fc tbgar arrahotafk systgms, akeiudakh efiigetavg moaktgkokeg fc eokois, luaidakh rustae wotgr akto`gs okd tbg iolfr usgd cfr prftgetakh wotgr ossahkmgkts crfm ifss fr rfllgry. Os fkg cormgr pfaktgd fut: ’…lgcfrg wg usgd tf hf tf tbg ravgr oimfst doaiy tf put up cgkegs, lrokebgs, rfe`s lut tbg wotgr fvgrcifw eomg okd tff` at oii owoy, okd wg bod tf hf loe` ohoak. Kfw wg dfk‑t df at okd tbot sovgs us tamg.”   Ak tbg eosg fc tbg motebakh hrokts cfr kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhags (^A\T), mfst rgspfkdgkts ohrggd tbot lgkgcaeaory cormgrs gxpgragkegd o dromotae ebokhg ak tbgar cormakh oetavaty okd efsts, gxpioakgd ly tbg kggd tf fltoak tbg typg fc rgturks tf justacy tbgar akvgstmgkt ak tbg kgw tgebkfifhy. Tbg ebokhgs mgktafkgd ly rgspfkdgkts akeiudg: (o) ebokhg crfm trodatafkoi tf bahb voiug erfps0 (l) ebokhg ak tbg usg fc ohraeuituroi akputs okd sgrvaegs0 (e) odbgrgkeg tf <2

 

hffd cormakh proetaegs (ak tbg eosg fc gxpfrt erfps)0 (d) aktrfduetafk fc kgw cormakh proetaegs sueb os cgrtarrahotafk0 (g) usg fc mfrg quoiacagd iolfr0 okd (c) usg fc kgw arrahotafk akputs. Bfwgvgr, ok opporgkt efktrodaetafk omfkh rgspfkdgkts must lg pfaktgd fut: o cgw rgspfkdgkts mgktafkgd tbot lgkgcaeaory cormgrs usgd bahbgr igvgis fc pgstaeadgs, cgrtaiazgrs, egrtacagd sggds, okd iolfr dug tf bahbgr dgmokd crfm tbg kgw erfps0 wbaig ftbgrs akdaeotgd tbg fppfsatg dug tf lgttgr mokohgmgkt fc akputs watb tbg kgw tgebkfifhy. Okftbgr prfjget aktgrvgktafk tbot, oeefrdakh tf o cgw rgspfkdgkts, lrfuhbt olfut ebokhgs ak cormgrs‑ proetaegs wos tbg gxtgksafk prfhrom (^G\OT), wbaeb prfvadgd akcfrmotafk, troakakh okd tgebkaeoi ossastokeg, okd efktralutgd tf tbg aktrfduetafk fc kgw tgebkfifhags okd proetaegs ly sfmg fc tbg lgkgcaeaory cormgrs. Cfr sfmg rrgspfkdgkts, gspfkdgkts, tbg ebokhgs tbot tbg prfhrom bgipgd hgkgrotg akeiudgd ebokhgs ak erfp sgigetafk, amprfvgd erfp mokohgmgkt okd mfrg gccaeagkt arrahotafk tgebkaqugs. (d) Ebokhgs ak cormgr‑s akefmg

Oeefrdakh tf moky rgspfkdgkts (mfst fc tbgm prfjget stocc), tbg prfjget bod o pfsatavg ampoet fk cormgrs‑ akefmg okd prfcats. Ufmg fc tbgm rgcgrrgd tf ok ossgssmgkt study eorragd fut ly <8 EG^GU   tbot bod sbfwk tbot lgkgcaeaory cormgrs‑ akefmg bod akergosgd dug tf amprfvgd

prfduetavaty os o rgsuit fc tbg prfjget. Akefmg akergosgs wgrg o orfukd rfukd 7>-3>% cfr drap arrahotafk lgkgcaeaory cormgrs okd up tf ?7% cfr akcrostrueturg rgbo rgbolaiatotafk laiatotafk lgkgcaeaory cormgrs. Ufmg rgspfkdgkts efrrflfrotgd tbas akcfrmotafk okd akdaeotgd tbot sfmg lgkgcaeaory cormgrs bovg dromotaeoiiy akergosgd tbgar prfcats okd akefmg os o rgsuit fc akvgstmgkts ak bahb voiug erfps, okd wgrg olig tf amprfvg tbgar bfusgbfid ossgts. Tbg cfiifwakh efmmgkts wgrg typaeoi fc lgkgcaeaory cormgrs‑ gxpiokotafks gxpiokotafks fc tbgar akefmg amprfvgmgkts: (o) ’Tbgy bovg kgw bfmgs0 A bovg o efkdf ak Trujaiif lgcfrg A dadk‑t bovg0” (l)’A amprfvgd my bfmg0” (e)’Mg tff0” (d)’A purebosgd Po kgw bfmg].” Cfr sfmg prfjget stocc, amprfvgd igvgis fc efiigetafk fc wotgr cgg poymgkts ak mfst XWFs akdaeotg okwotgr amprfvgmgkt bfusgbfid Cfr ftbgrs, dug tf moaktgkokeg ifwgr usg fc arrahotafk ―tbok`s aktftbgar bahbgr wotgr akefmg. usg gccaeagkey okd sovakhs ifwgr eokoi gxpgksgs― bovg rgsuitgd ak akergosgd cormgrs‑ fvgroii prfcats. (g) Ebokhgs ak cormgr bfusgbfids

Tbg hgkgroi pgregptafk omfkh rgspfkdgkts as tbot tbg prfjget bod iattig fr kf darget gccget fk ebokhgs watbak cormgrs‑ bfusgbfids. Igss tbok boic fc tbg rgspfkdgkts soad tbot at wos daccaeuit tf ottralutg oky typg fc ampoets fk cormgrs‑ bfusgbfids tf tbg prfjget sakeg tbg prfjget dad kft cfeus fk gccgets ot tbas igvgi. Tbg ftbgr boic soad tbot tbg prfjget dad bovg fr prfloliy bod ampoets ot tbas igvgi os o efksgqugkeg fc ats gccget fk tbg akergosg fc prfduetavaty okd akefmg, gspgeaoiiy cfr lgkgcaeaorags fc drap arrahotafk. arrahotafk. Tbgsg rgspfkdgkts soad tbot tbg prfjget gccgets fk ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty igd tf bahbgr cormgr akefmgs, okd tbas ak turk igd tf lgttgr bfusgbfid iavakh stokdords okd amprfvgd quoiaty fc iacg, gvadgkt tbrfuhb lgttgr bfusakh, ebaidrgk‑s gdueotafk, bfusgbfid oppiaokegs, oppiaokegs, oeegss tf sgrvaegs, gte. At wos oisf mgktafkgd ly sfmg rgspfkdgkts tbot amprfvgd iavakh stokdords prfloliy bod ok gccget fk lgttgr rgiotafksbaps watbak tbg comaiy okd lgtwggk cormgrs. O cgw rgspfkdgkts pfaktgd fut tbot tbg dromotae gccget tbot mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags bod fk cormgrs‑ akefmgs bos ebokhgd tbg futiff` fc ohraeuiturg okd bos gkefurohgd moky corm ebaidrgk tf dgeadg tf stoy bfmg fr fr efmg loe` loe` tf wfr` o ott tbgar comaiy corm. O rgspfkdgkt mgktafkgd tbot tbg strgkhtbgkakh fc XWF bos prfmptgd o prfpfsoi tfwords hroktakh vftakh rahbts tf cormgrs‑ wavgs gquoi tf tbgar buslokds, wbaeb as sahkacaeokt ak tbg moebasmf-egktgrgd ruroi ^gru. At wos oisf mgktafkgd tbot tbg amprfvgmgkt fc tbg arrahotafk arrahotafk systgm covfrgd mfrg rgspget tf tbg ruigs hfvgrkakh rgiotafksbaps omfkh cormgrs okd watbak cormgr bfusgbfids. <8

 EG^GU (<>>4). Fp. eat.

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O rgeurrgkt tbgmg ak study rgspfksgs wos tbg muitapiagr gccget fc sfmg prfjget aktgrvgktafks, gspgeaoiiy tbg akegktavg prfhrom cfr tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt (^G\OT okd ^A\T). Ugvgroi rgspfkdgkts mgktafkgd tbot dgmfkstrotafk pifts okd gxtgksafk oetavatags pioygd o `gy rfig ak gkefurohakh mfrg cormgrs tf rgpiaeotg tbg kgw tgebkfifhags okd proetaegs prfmftgd ly tbg prfjget. Tbok`s tf tbgsg dgmfkstrotafk pifts cormgrs efuid vgracy ly tbgmsgivgs tbg lgkgcats fc kgw tgebkfifhags okd proetaegs okd to`g o dgeasafk olfut akefrpfrotakh akefrpfrotakh tbgm ak tbgar cormakh oetavaty. O efupig fc prfjget stocc mgktafkgd tbot tbg rgpiaeolaiaty voiug fc tbg kgw tgebkfifhags wos orfukd <2 ??%, oeefrdakh tf tbg EG^GU study . Oisf, o kumlgr fc rgspfkdgkts pfaktgd fut tbot tbg motebakh hrokts prfhrom (^A\T) bod o sahkacaeokt muitapiagr gccget fk tbg dassgmakotafk fc kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhags oifkh tbg ^gruvaok efost durakh tbg iost cgw ygors. At wos mgktafkgd tbot gvgk ac tbg kumlgr fc lgkgcaeaory cormgrs wos smoii, tbgy pioygd o rfig os o sbfweosg tf kgahblfrs okd ftbgr cormgrs, akciugkeakh curtbgr tgebkfifhy akkfvotafks ak moky orgos. Ufmg eioamgd tbot g gvgk vgk ac tbas gccget wos kgvgr mgosurgd at wos sahkacaeokt, okd drgw tbg ottgktafk fc ftbgr cormgrs tf sfmg eosgs wbgrg o sahkacaeokt akergosg ak tbg orgo ukdgr drap arrahotafk feeurrgd (g.h. ak ^auro crfm <,>>> tf <<,>>> bgetorgs). Fkg prfjget stocc pfaktgd fut tbot tbg dassgmakotafk fc tbas tgebkfifhy omfkh smoii okd mgdaum cormgrs efuid efkcadgktiy lg ottralutgd tf tbg prfjget. O prfjget stocc cfeoi hrfup efkeiudgd tbot tbg prfjget pioygd o

rfig os o eotoiyst tf tbg mfdgrkazotafk fc ^gruvaok ohraeuiturg. Bfwgvgr, okftbgr prfjget prfjget stocc mgmlgr tbfuhbt tbot ebokhgs ot tbg akdavaduoi cormgr igvgi wgrg iamatgd okd asfiotgd okd tbot tbg muitapiagr gccget fc tbg prfjget efmpfkgkt wos kft os sahkacaeokt os gxpgetgd.

4.5.5 Gccgets fk Efmmukatags, Mor`gts okd tbg Gkvarfkmgkt \gspfkdgkts efktgkdgd tbot tbg prfjget akciugkegd sfeafgefkfmae okd gkvarfkmgktoi ebokhgs omfkh prfjget sto`gbfidgrs okd ftbgr oetfrs. Xg wgrg portaeuioriy aktgrgstgd ak dgivakh aktf ebokhgs ak rgiotafks omfkh wotgr usgrs, ftbgr sfeafgefkfmae ebokhgs okd gccgets fk tbg gkvarfkmgkt. Akcfrmokts rgpfrtgd sahkacaeokt ebokhgs ak rgiotafks omfkh prfjget sto`gbfidgrs okd igss sahkacaeokt ebokhgs ak rgiotafks omfkh oetfrs kft dargetiy akvfivgd ak tbg prfjget. (o) Ebokhgs ak rgiotafks omfkh wotgr wotgr usgrs

Tbgrg as o hgkgroi pgregptafk omfkh prfjget stocc okd lgkgcaeaorags tbot tbg prfjget aktgrvgktafk amprfvgd rgiotafks omfkh wotgr usgrs. Lgsadgs pfaktakh fut tf okgedftoi gvadgkeg, prfjget stocc stotgd tbot o rgduetafk ak ighoi wotgr-rgiotgd efmpioakts feeurrg feeurrgd. d. Tbas rgduetafk ak efkciaets omfkh wotgr usgrs as sggk os tbg rgsuit fc cfur coetfrs: (o) amprfvgd wotgr dastralutafk, (l) mfrg rgspget havgk tf tbg ruig fc iow omfkh wotgr usgrs, (e) bahbgr igvgis fc aktgroetafks omfkh usgrs, okd (d) o ergdalig efkciaet-rgsfiutafk mgebokasm ak tbg XWF. ^rfjget stocc gxpioakgd tbgsg cfur coetfrs os cfiifws. Carst, os mfrg wotgr wos ovoaiolig okd wotgr dastralutafk wos mfrg frhokazgd okd gquatolig, wotgr usgrs bod cgwgr rgosfks tf cahbt fvgr fvgr wotgr rahbts. Ugefkd, wotgr usgrs lgeomg mfrg daseapiakgd okd rgspgetcui fc wotgr turks octgr rgegavakh troakakh fk tbg ampfrtokeg fc rgspgetakh wotgr turks, poyakh wotgr cggs okd tbg rfig fc XWFs. Tbard, tbg prfjget aktgrvgktafk akergosgd aktgroetafks omfkh wotgr usgrs tbrfuhb tbg usg fc troakakh, gxtgksafk sgrvaegs okd cagid traps. Tbas ergotgd o lfkd omfkh wotgr usgrs. Cfurtb, tbg amprfvgd tgebkaeoi okd mokohgraoi eopoeatags fc XWFs modg tbg XWF hgkgroi ossgmliy o ergdalig orgko tf daseuss wotgr-rgiotgd efkciaets. Os o rgsuit, XWF igodgrs rgpfrtgd tbot wotgr usgr usgrs s bovg o spoeg cfr daoifhug okd efkciaet rgsfiutafk okd bovg havgk tbgar hgkgroi ossgmliy tbg pfwgr tf dgeadg fvgr wotgr-rgiotgd efkciaets. efkciaets. Oii tbas bos igd tf o sahkacaeokt rgduetafk ak tbg kumlgr okd tbg seoig fc tbg efkciaets. Os o prfjget stocc stotgd: ’lgcfrg tbgy usgd tf cahbt, bat okd `aii goeb ftbgr fvgr wotgr… okd tbg usg fc tbg pbrosg ’A hgt my wotgr turk watb my moebgtg” wos pgrvosavg, <2

 EG^GU (<>>4), Fp. eat.

5>

 

lut kfw yfu dfk‑t cakd tbas `akd fc prfligm.” Cfeus hrfups daseussafks efrrflfrotgd tbot tbg prfjget efktralutgd tf o rgduetafk ak efkciaets omfkh wotgr usgrs.

^rfjget stocc pfaktgd fut tbot tbg ^A\T prfhrom eousgd lftb pfsatavg okd kghotavg gccgets fk wotgr usgrs‑ rgiotafks. Fk tbg fkg bokd, at akergosgd akergosgd wotgr usgrs‑ aktgroetafk tbrfuhb cagid traps tf vasat corms usakh mfdgrk drap arrahotafk. Fk tbg ftbgr bokd, at ergotgd gkvy omfkh sfmg <1 cormgrs wbf ioe`gd rgsfuregs tf efvgr tbg efiiotgroi akvgstmgkt kggdgd.   Cfeus hrfup daseussafks rgvgoigd tbot prgvoigkeg fc rgktakh fc pifts efuid lgefmg ok oddatafkoi rgosfk cfr tbg dgtgrafrotafk fc rgiotafks omfkh wotgr usgrs. Tbgy efktgkdgd tbot rgktgrs df kft efmpiy watb fliahotafks os wotgr usgrs, wbaeb bos ergotgd efkciaets omfkh kgahblfrs. (l) Ebokhgs ak rgiotafksbaps lgtwggk usgrs usgrs okd XWFs

Tbg mojfraty fc prfjget stocc rgpfrtgd o sahkacaeokt amprfvgmgkt ak sfeaoi rgiotafks lgtwggk wotgr usgrs okd XWF igodgrsbap. Tbas wos tbg rgsuit fc wotgr wotgr usgrs pioeakh hrgotgr trust ak tbgar igodgrs, wbaeb ak turk wos o efksgqugkeg fc tbg cfiifwakh coetfrs: (o) XWFs prfvadakh lgttgr wotgr dgiavgry sgrvaegs0 (l) wotgr usgrs lgefmakh mfrg oworg fc XWF rfigs0 okd (e) bahbgr aktgroetafk lgtwggk wotgr usgrs okd okd XWF igodgrsbap. Cfeus hrfup daseussafks daseussafks watb lgkgcaeaorags okd kfk-lgkgcaeaorags efkcarmgd tbot akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efktralutgd tf

lgttgr rgiotafks lgtwggk wotgr usgrs ok okd d XWFs. Os wotgr ovoaiolaiaty okd dastralutafk amprfvgd, wotgr usgrs cgit mfrg efkcadgkt ak tbgar igodgrs. Tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt wos oisf sggk os bovakh amprfvgd efmmukaeotafk lgtwggk wotgr usgrs okd XWFs. XWF igodgrs mgktafkgd ’cgor fc outbfraty okd soketafks” ampfsgd ly XWF ruigs os ok oddatafkoi coetfr tbot amprfvgd rgiotafksbaps lgtwggk tbgm okd wotgr usgrs. Tbas cgor akstaiigd daseapiakg omfkh wotgr usgrs okd dgtgrrgd sfmg crfm stgoiakh wotgr, oitbfuhb sfmg XWFs odmattgd tbot o smoii pgregktohg fc wotgr usgrs feeosafkoiiy staii stgoi wotgr. Cakoiiy, cfeus wos hrfup daseussafks rgvgoigd tbot wbgrg fc cormgrs arrahotafk tgebkfifhags sahkacaeokt, rgiotafks lgtwggk tbgm tbg okdkumlgr tbgar XWF igodgrswatb bod drap dgtgrafrotgd. Ufmg lgkgcaeaorags rgpfrtgd tbot cormgrs wbf odfptgd drap arrahotafk stfppgd efksadgrakh 5> tbgmsgivgs wotgr usgrs . Tbgy stotgd tbot tbas bo bos s lgefmg o sfureg fc stroak. (e) Ebokhgs ak efmmgreaoi rgiotafks

Xbgk os`gd wbgtbgr tbg prfjget bod akciugkegd ebokhgs ak efmmgreaoi rgiotafks, fkg tbard fc akcfrmokts soad kf. Tbfsg wbf rgefhkazgd at bod akciugkegd ebokhgs ak efmmgreaoi rgiotafks oe`kfwigdhgd tbot tbgsg wgrg gxeiusavgiy omfkh cormgrs wbf odfptgd mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags. Tbg okgedftoi gvadgkeg gvadgkeg wos sulstoktaoi okd rokhgd crfm bahbgr lorhoakakh lorhoakakh pfwgr tf kghftaotg praegs watb ohrf gxpfrt efmpokags okd aktgrgst rotgs watb cakokeaoi akstatutafks. Oeefrdakh tf prfjget prfjget stocc, tbas wos wos moakiy tbg rgsuit fc: (o) prfjget troakakh tbot gkoligd cormgrs tf lg mfrg akcfrmgd olfut praegs okd gxpfrt pfssalaiatags0 okd (l), prfjget 5? ohrf lusakgss tgebkaeoi ossastokeg.   Lftb prfjget prfjget stocc okd rghafkoi puliae sgetfr fccaeaois ohrggd tbot tbas wos o vgry sueegsscui opprfoeb lgeousg at luait trust omfkh cormgrs, ohrf gxpfrtakh efmpokags okd cakokeaoi efmpokags ― wbaeb prfvadgd ergdat cfr gxpokdakh drap arrahotafk tgebkfifhy usg. (d) Ftbgr sfeaoi okd gefkfmae ebokhgs

<1

 Tbgrg wos ok gxtrgmg eosg rgpfrtgd, wbgrg o cormgr dgstrfygd o kgahblfr‑s wotgr papg cggdakh bas arrahotafk a rrahotafk systgm.  Os tbgy kf ifkhgr rgiagd fk tbg XWF wotgr dastralutafk systgm lut fk tbgar fwk wgii cfr tbgar wotgr suppiy. 5?  Akeiudgd oppfaktakh ok ohrf lusakgss fpgrotfr wbf frhokazgd cormgrs okd iak`gd tbgm watb gxpfrt efmpokags okd prfvadgd drap arrahotafk tgebkaeoi ossastokeg.

5>

5?

 

O kumlgr fc akcfrmokts lgiagvgd tbot tbg cfiifwakh sfeaoi okd gefkfmae ebokhgs wgrg iak`gd tf tbg prfjget, oitbfuhb at wos kft tbg igodakh coetfr. Tbgsg ebokhgs wgrg: (o) ebokhgs ak tbg iolfr mor`gt0 (l) dgvgifpmgkt fc tbg mor`gt cfr mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags0 (e) o siahbt akergosgd rfig fc wfmgk ak XWFs‑ igodgrsbap lfdags0 okd (d) rgduetafk ak gmahrotafk. Tbrgg ebokhgs ak tbg iolfr mor`gt wgrg ossfeaotgd watb tbg prfjget. Carst, ok akergosg ak dgmokd cfr tgebkaeoi iolfr ―rgiotgd tf drap arrahotafk tgebkfifhy― bos rgsuitgd ak ok akergosg ak soiorags cfr spgeaoiazgd iolfr. Ugefkd, tbg suppiy fc s`aiigd iolfr akergosgd lgeousg bukdrgds fc efksuitokts wgrg troakgd ly tbg prfjget. Tbard, wfr`grs crfm kgahblfrakh orgos bovg ammahrotgd tf tbg orgo ottroetgd ly o hgkgroi dgmokd cfr iolfr. ^rfjget stocc workgd tbot tbg prfjget wos fkiy fkg fc moky coetfrs tbot akciugkegd ebokhgs ak iolfr mor`gts, tbg orravoi fc ohrf gxpfrt efmpokags lgakh tbg mfst sahkacaeokt fkg. \ghordakh tbg dgvgifpmgkt fc tbg mor`gt cfr mfdgrk arrahotafk suppiags okd sgrvaegs,   prfjget stocc rgpfrtgd tbot tbg prfjget prfjget wos akstrumgktoi ak tbas dgvgifpmgkt ak tbrgg woys. Carst, tbg prfjget cakokegd o rgiotavgiy smoii kumlgr fc cormgrs tf odfpt drap arrahotafk tgebkfifhy tf ergotg o dgmfkstrotafk dgmfkstrotafk gccget fk ftbgr cormgrs. Ugefkd, cormgrs lgeomg mfrg aktgrgstgd ak kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhags tbok`s tf cagid traps okd gxtgksavg troakakh. Tbard, tbg prfjget prfvadgd ohrf lusakgss tgebkaeoi ossastokeg, wbaeb efksastgd fc o prfmftgr ak eborhg fc

frhokazakh cormgrs tf odfpt mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhy okd iak`akh tbgm watb gxpfrt efmpokags okd pftgktaoi cukdakh sfuregs. Tbgsg oetavatags ergotgd ergotgd strfkh aktgrgst ak mfdgrk arrahotafk, wbaeb portaoiiy efktralutgd tf tbg orravoi fc kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhy suppiagrs okd tgebkaeoi ossastokeg prfvadgrs. prfvadgrs. Ohrf gxpfrt okd cakokeaoi efmpokags oisf bod ok ampfrtokt rfig ak dgvgifpakh tbg drap arrahotafk mor`gt. Kgvgrtbgigss, prfjget stocc okd lgkgcaeaorags efkeurrgd tbot tbg prfjget pafkggrgd pafkggrgd tbas gccfrt. O prfjget stocc soad: ’flvafusiy tbgrg wgrg ftbgr coetfrs, lut A lgiagvg tbot tbg carst sggd wos pioktgd ly tbg ^UA okd tbg ^UA‑s Pgccfrts] modg at sustoakolig.” ^rfjget stocc okd rghafkoi puliae sgetfr fccaeaois rgpfrtgd tbot mfrg wfmgk wgrg lgakh gigetgd aktf XWFs igodgrsbap portaeapotafk rotg ak pfsatafks staii rgmoaks gxtrgmgiy pfsatafks, ifw. Cfr oitbfuhb akstokeg, wfmgk‑s tbg prgsadgkt fc tbg Jukto dg igodgrsbap Wsuorafs   Iurak as o wfmok. ^rfjget stocc suhhgstgd tbot tbas wos portiy okd akdargetiy tbg rgsuit fc prfjget troakakh, oitbfuhb tbg ebokkgi tbrfuhb wbaeb tbas boppgkgd wos kft eigoriy adgktacagd. ^rfjget stocc efktgkdgd tbot wotgr rahbts prfvadgd ly tbg prfjget bovg akdargetiy rgduegd ruroi gmahrotafk, oitbfuhb tbgy dad kft pfssgss quoktatotavg gvadgkeg tf sulstoktaotg tbas eioam. Uamaioriy, ok akergosg akergosg ak rgturkggs ― cfrmgr gmahrokts ― wos rgpfrtgd. Cfeus hrfup daseussafks rgvgoigd tbot ammahrotafk bos sahkacaeoktiy akergosgd ak orgos wbgrg ohrf gxpfrtakh efmpokags okd iokd rgktgrs bovg sgttigd. Cfeus hrfup akcfrmokts ak Saru rgpfrtgd tbot iorhg cifws fc ammahrokts bovg akergosgd aksgeuraty okd eramg ak tbg orgo. (g) Gkvarfkmgktoi gccgets

Mfst akcfrmokts rgpfrtgd tbot tbg prfjget eousgd kf sahkacaeokt kghotavg gkvarfkmgktoi ampoet lgeousg at rgbolaiatotgd gxastakh arrahotafk akcrostrueturg okd dad kft cukd oky kgw arrahotafk sebgmg. Bfwgvgr, sfmg sfmg prfjget stocc okd cormgrs pfaktgd tf sfmg pftgktaoi fr iamatgd kghotavg gkvarfkmgktoi gccgets os o rgsuit fc prfjget aktgrvgktafks. Carst, tbg usg fc p pgstaeadgs gstaeadgs okd cgrtaiazgrs mahbt bovg akergosgd lgeousg fc o ebokhg tf bahb voiug erfps os o rgsuit fc tbg 5< prfmftafk fc arrahotafk tgebkfifhy amprfvgmgkt . Ugefkd, makfr kghotavg gkvarfkmgktoi kghotavg ampoets mahbt bovg feeurrgd lgeousg fc akcrostrueturg efktroetfrs‑ bormcui gkvarfkmgktoi proetaegs wbgk daspfsakh fc dglras.

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 Bfwgvgr, o prgvafus study dad kft gstoliasb o rgiotafksbap lgtwggk mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags okd bahbgr usg fc pgstaeadgs (H\ODG, <>>3).

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Ufmg XWF igodgrs pfaktgd fut tf sahkacaeokt kghotavg gccgets cfr o smoii prfpfrtafk fc arrahotafk efmmassafks wbfsg wotgr suppiy dgpgkds gktargiy fk wotgr eokoi caitrotafks. Tbgsg efmmassafks coegd mojfr rgduetafks ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty os tbg rgsuit fc eokoi rgbolaiatotafk wfr`s okd gxpoksafk fc drap arrahotafk ak kgahblfrakh orgos.

4.4 Kfk-prfjget Co Coetfrs etfrs tbot tbot Akc Akciugkeg iugkeg ^ ^gruvaok gruvaok oh ohraeuiturg raeuiturg Tbg prfjget tff` pioeg ak o efmpigx sfeafgefkfmae okd pfiataeoi efktgxt tbot akciugkegd ats rgsuits. Xbgk study akcfrmokts wgrg os`gd olfut coetfrs kft rgiotgd tf tbg prfjget tbot akciugkegd prfduetavaty ak tbg prfjget aktgrvgktafk orgo, tbg fvgrradakh mojfraty pfaktgd tf pfiaeags tbot bovg igd tf o lffm ak ohraeuituroi gxpfrts. Ftbgr coetfrs tbot wgrg mgktafkgd tf o igssgr gxtgkt org: tbg orravoi fc kgw eopatoi akvgstmgkts0 praeg ciuetuotafks0 ebokhgs ak tbg ohraeuituroi ighoi cromgwfr`0 ovoaiolaiaty fc ergdat0 gkvarfkmgktoi tgebkfifhy dgvgifpmgkt0 fc ftbgr ohraeuituroi prfjgets0 amprfvgmgkts ak ruroi sgrvaegs0 coetfrs0 okd prgsgkeg cormgrs‑ kgw mgktoiaty. (o) Gxpfrtakh lffm: Tbg vost mojfraty fc tbg prfjget stocc eioamgd tbot gxpfrt-fragktgd pfiaeags eorragd fut ly tbg ^gruvaok hfvgrkmgkt ak tbg iost ?2 ygors, uitamotgiy okd fvgrwbgimakhiy igd

tf o lffm ak ohraeuituroi gxpfrts ak ^gru ak tbg iost dgeodg. Tbgsg pfiaeags efksastgd fc tbg rgduetafk fr olfiatafk fc trodg lorragrs, tbg prfmftafk fc ^gruvaok prfduets ak cfrgahk mor`gts, okd tbg oetavg kghftaotafk kghftaotafk fc trodg ohrggmgkts watb ftbgr kotafks. Tbgsg pfiaeags org vagwgd os tbg mojfr eotoiysts cfr tbg akergosg ak ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty gxpgragkegd ak tbg post ygors. Tbg prfjget strotghy fc prfvadakh cormgrs watb `kfwigdhg, cakokeaoi rgsfuregs okd tgebkfifhaeoi tffis tf prfdueg bahb-voiug erfps wos sggk os bovakh efmpigmgktgd okd strgkhtbgkgd tbg hfvgrkmgkt gxpfrt-prfmftafk pfiaeags. (l) Orravoi fc eopatoi akvgstmgkts: Gxpfrt-fragktgd pfiaeags modg tbg lusakgss gkvarfkmgkt omgkolig cfr curtbgr akvgstmgkts ak ohraeuitur ohraeuiturg. g. Oeefrdakh tf prfjget stocc okd lgkgcaeaorags, tbgrg wgrg tbrgg typgs fc eopatoi akvgstmgkts. akvgstmgkts. Carst, ohrf-gxpfrt efmpokags bovg bovg sgt up tbgar fwk corms usakh drap-arrahotafk tgebkfifhy. Ugefkd, aktgrmgdaory l luygrs uygrs bovg pusbgd up praegs cfr gxpfrt erfps, erfps, os tbgy efmpgtg cfr cormgrs‑ borv borvgsts. gsts. Tbard, akergosakh kumlgrs fc akdavaduoi akvgstfrs org rgktakh cormgrs‑ pifts tf akstoii mfdgrk tgebkfifhags okd piokt bahb voiug erfps. Tbg sborg fc iokd rgktgd as gstamotgd tf rgoeb 2>% ak bahbiy prfduetavg sfais sueb tbfsg fc tbg ifw iokd iokd fc Buouro. Tbas bos hrgotiy akergosgd tbg akefmg fc tbg cormgrs rgktakh tbgar pifts, lut bos tgkdgd tf wgo`gk XWF mokohgmgkt. Lgkgcaeaory cormgrs ak sgvgroi cfeus hrfups efkcarmgd tbot o bahb sborg fc iokd lgakh rgktgd wos dgtramgktoi tf tbg ^UA fljgetavgs, lgeousg rgktgrs dad kft efmpiy watb wotgr usgrs‑ fliahotafks. (e) ^raeg ciuetuotafks: ^rfjget stocc okd cormgrs ossgrtgd tbot akergosgs ak akput praegs ―sueb os cgrtaiazgr okd sggds― bovg occgetgd cormgrs‑ prfcatolaiaty kghotavgiy. Cormgrs wbf troksatafkgd troksatafkgd aktf bahb voiug erfps wgrg olig tf lgttgr efpg watb akergosgs ak akput praegs. Eurrgkey ciuetuotafks bovg oisf ampoetgd cormgrs‑ prfduetavaty. Tbg opprgeaotafk fc tbg dfiior ohoakst tbg ^gruvaok sfi wos vagwgd os okftbgr coetfr occgetakh ^UA lgkgcaeaorags kghotavgiy. (d) Ighoi cromgwfr`s: \ghafkoi puliae sgetfr fccaegrs os wgii os lgkgcaeaory XWF igodgrs suhhgstgd tbot ebokhgs ak ighoi cromgwfr`s bovg pfsatavgiy occgetgd ohraeuiturg ak tbg post ygors. Kgw iows bovg mfdgrkazgd tbg akstatutafks ak eborhg fc wotgr mokohgmgkt sueb os tbg iow cfr drap arrahotafk tgebkfifhy. Ak o kutsbgii, akcfrmokts rgpfrtgd rgpfrtgd tbot tbg prfjget wfr`gd symlaftaeoiiy watb tbg kgw ighoi frdgr. frdgr. Tbg kgw iows prgporgd prgporgd tbg hrfukd cfr tbg sueegss fc tbg prfjget, wbaig tbg prfjget oetavatags strgkhtbgkgd tbg gxastakh ighoi cromgwfr`. (g) Ovoaiolaiaty fc ergdat: Okftbgr coetfr tbot sahkacaeoktiy occgetgd cormgr prfduetavaty wos tbg ovoaiolaiaty fc ergdat. Tbg ergotafk fc o kgw Utotg-ruk ohraeuituroi lok` (OH\FLOKEF), tbg dgvgifpmgkt fc smoii ruroi cakokeakh carms ( eojos ruroigs ) okd tbg prgsgkeg fc o sgefkd-tagr cakokeakh efrpfrotafk (EFCADG) wgrg sggk os mojfr coetfrs occgetakh pfsatavgiy cormgrs‑ 55

 

oeegss tf ergdat. ergdat. Kgvgrtbgigss, lftb prfjget stocc okd cormgrs ossgrtgd tbot ergdat ovoaiolaiaty wos staii wgii lgifw cormgrs‑ kggds, gspgeaoiiy cfr tbfsg aktgrgstgd ak tbg odfptafk fc mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhy. Fkg mojfr flstoeig occgetakh oeegss tf ergdat as tbg iorhg kumlgr kumlgr fc cormgrs watb lod ergdat bastfry dug tf fid ukpoad ohraeuituroi dglts os wgii os cormgrs ioe`akh iokd tatigs tf usg os efiiotgroi. (c) Tgebkfifhy dgvgifpmgkt: ^rfjget stocc, rghafkoi puliae sgetfr fccaegrs, okd XWF igodgrs rgpfrtgd tbot lgttgr cormakh tgebkfifhags okd lgttgr akcfrmotafk tgebkfifhags ak tbg post dgeodg bovg hrgotiy hrgotiy akergosgd cormgr prfduetavaty. prfduetavaty. \gspfkdgkts pfaktgd tf lg lgttgr ttgr sfai efktrfi okd arrahotafk tgebkfifhags os wgii os tbg usg fc tgigpbfkg okd tbg Aktgrkgt tf efkkget watb mor`gts okd oeegss praegs. (h) Ftbgr ohraeuituroi aktgrvgktafks: ^rfjget stocc mgktafkgd tbg cfiifwakh iorhg-seoig puliae prfjgets os bovakh pfssaliy occgetgd cormgrs‑ prfduetavaty ak tbg ^UA aktgrvgktafk orgos: 55

Ebovamfebae, AKEOH\F, AKODG, ^G\^GE, okd UGKOUO . Ak oddatafk, rgspfkdgkts rgpfrtgd tbot sfmg KHFs okd tbg ifeoi fr rghafkoi hfvgrkmgkts oisf ioukebgd sgvgroi smoiiseoig prfjgets cfeusgd fk ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty okd gxpfrt prfmftafk. (b) \uroi sgrvaegs: XWF igodgrs efktgkdgd tbot amprfvgmgkts fc ruroi sgrvaegs bovg pfsatavgiy

akciugkegd cormgr prfduetavaty. prfduetavaty. Tbas akeiudgd mfrg oeegss tf gigetraeaty okd lgttgr trokspfrtotafk, wbaeb bos gkbokegd efmmukaeotafk okd oeegss tf mor`gts. (a) Gkvarfkmgktoi coetfrs: Akcfrmokts eioamgd tbot sgvgroi gkvarfkmgktoi coetfrs bovg kghotavgiy occgetgd tbgar prfduetavaty os wgii os prfjget rgsuits. ^rfjget stocc rgpfrtgd tbot tbg carst ^UA daslursgmgkt wos davgrtgd tf efpg watb gmgrhgkeags rgiotgd tf Gi Kaÿf, wbaeb bod iorhgiy dgtgrafrotgd XWFs‑ wotgr systgms okd akergosgd tbg akeadgkeg fc piohugs. Tbg prgvoigkeg fc piohugs wos oisf rgpfrtgd tf lg tbg rgsuit fc lod cormakh proetaegs. (j) Cormgr‑s Kgw Mgktoiaty: ^rfjget stocc oisf pfaktgd fut tbot o ebokhg ak cormgr‑s mgktoiaty bos akciugkegd ohraeuituroi raeuituroi Tbas ebokh ebokhg g ak mgktoiaty wos kft kgegssoraiy amprfvgmgkts ossfeaotgd watbaktbgoh prfjget, lutprfduetavaty. rotbgr stortgd lgcfrg tbg prfjget wos ampigmgktgd. Tbg ebokhg wos sggk os tbg rgsuit fc o hgkgrotafkoi ebokhg omfkh cormgrs os wgii os tbg akciugkeg fc gxpfrt-fragktgd pfiaeags okd kgw eopatoi akvg akvgstmgkt stmgkt ak ruroi ^gru. O XWF igodgr put at os: ’sgvgroi ygors ohf, oeegss tf ftbgr mor`gts sggmgd pfssalig, sf o cormgr stortgd tbak`akh olfut prfdueakh gxpfrt prfduets tbot waii oiifw bam tf bovg o lgttgr iacg, tf gdueotg bas ebaidrgk… tbas boppgkgd lgcfrg tbg ^UA. Tbg ^UA strgkhtbgkgd tbas lgiagc.”  

4.7 Sasafks ccfr fr Ohraeu Ohraeuituroi ituroi Ugetfr ak ^gru Xbgk tbg study portaeapokts dgseralgd tbgar pgregptafks fc tbg Uul-sgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget — akeiudakh ats oebagvgmgkts, eboiigkhgs okd ampoets― tbgy wgrg os`gd tf efksadgr o vasafk fc tbg cuturg fc ohraeuiturg ak ^gru. ^gru. Tbgar rgspfksgs yagid o wgoitb fc adgos cfr sgetfr dgvgifpmgkt, lftb lrfodiy okd spgeacaeoiiy watb rghord tf tbg typgs fc oetavatags eorragd fut tbrfuhb tbg prfjget tbot wos gvoiuotgd tbrfuhb tbas study. Hgkgroiiy, tbgy coii watbak cavg eotghfrags0 tbgsg org: (o) fppfrtukatags fppfrtukatags okd eboiigkhgs fc ohraeuiturg ak ^gru0 (l) ohraeuituroi prfduetafk okd sgrvaegs0 (e) wotgr mokohgmgkt0 (d) frhokazotafk0 okd (g) puliae pfiaeags okd strotghags.   (o) Fppfrtukatags okd eboiigkhgs fc ohraeuiturg ak ^gru: Tbg fppfrtukatags cfr tbg ohraeuituroi sgetfr ak ^gru tf hrfw olfukd. Moky rgspfkdgkts mgktafkgd tbg eiamotg os ok odvoktohg cfr

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 Oerfkyms ak Upokasb: Ohraeuituroi Akkfvotafk okd Efmpgtatavgkgss ^rfhrom (AKEOH\F), Kotafkoi Dgvgifpmgkt Akstatutg (AKODG), Upgeaoi ^rfhrom cfr \avgr Ebokkgiakh okd ^rftgetafk fc Eopturg Utrueturgs (^G\^GE), Kotafkoi Uokatory Ugrvaeg (UGKOUO)

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tbg prfduetafk fc davgrsg erfps tbrfuhbfut tbg ygor. Tbas as, bfwgvgr, ok odvoktohg tbot kggds tf lg utaiazgd mfrg cuiiy. Ufmg fc tbg eboiigkhgs tf tbg sgetfr mgktafkgd ly rgspfkdgkts org tbfsg prgsgktgd ak sgetafk 4.?.5. Oddatafkoi eboiigkhgs hgkgroiiy akeiudg tbg ioe` fc effrdakotafk watbak okd omfkh puliae okd pravotg sgetfr ohraeuituroi gktatags. Tbas iamats tbg olaiaty fc fc tbg cormgr tf lgkgcat, cfr gxompig, crfm rgsgoreb cakdakhs okd crfm `kfwigdhg ovoaiolig ot tbg uppgr gebgifks fc tbg ohraeuituroi ohraeuituroi sgetfr. Okftbgr eboiigkhg rgiotgs tf tbg ebokhakh hifloi mor`gt, akeiudakh tbg ampoet fc tbg Crgg Trodg Ohrggmgkt (CTO) watb tbg W.U. Tbgrg as pftgktaoi cfr cormgrs tf lgkgcat crfm tbg trgoty lut tbgrg as aksuccaeagkt huadokeg cfr tbg ifeoi frhokazotafks okd akdavaduoi cormgrs ak tbas rghord. Tbg olaiaty fc tbg ifeoi frhokazotafks okd akdavaduoi cormgrs tf lgkgcat crfm tgebkaeoi gxpgrtasg as oisf o eboiigkhg: tbgy eokkft occfrd tf rgtoak sueb gxpgrtasg fc tbgar fwk oeefrd ok okd d tbg systgms (akeiudakh prfcgssafkoi stokdords) okd cakokeaoi mgoks cfr prfvasafk fc sueb ossastokeg tf tbgm as kft kft eigor. Tbas efuid lg oddrgssgd ly bovakh sfuregs fc ergdat cfr mgdaum- okd ifkh-tgrm sustoakolaiaty fc tbg tgebkfifhaeoi ebokhg ot oii igvgis. (l) Ohraeuituroi prfduetafk okd sgrvaegs: O rgeurrakh tbgmg tbrfuhbfut tbg aktgrvagws wos tbg

kggd cfr fkhfakh akstatutafkoi okd akdavaduoi cormgr eopoeaty-luaidakh, tbrfuhb tgebkaeoi ossastokeg, gxtgksafk sgrvaegs okd ftbgr mgoks. Tbas as kgegssory kf kftt fkiy tf gksurg o losg igvgi fc eopoeaty os lrfodiy os pfssalig tbrfuhb tbg ohraeuiturg sgetfr lut oisf tf to`g aktf oeefukt tbg dykomae koturg fc tbg sgetfr. Tbas rgquargs akvgstmgkt ak rgsgoreb (sgg pfiaeags lgifw), amprfvgd doto okd akcfrmotafk dassgmakotafk, okd ovoaiolaiaty fc cakokeaoi rgsfuregs tf usg opprfpraotg laftgebkfifhags. Gxtgksafk sgrvaegs efuid amprfvg tbg mgoks usgd tf strgkhtbgk frhokazotafkoi okd akdavaduoi cormgr eopoeaty. Tbas as erataeoi0 os fkg rgspfkdgkt kftgd, ’troakakh okd tgebkaeoi ossastokeg…as sfmgtamgs mfrg ampfrtokt tbok akcrostrueturg Pamprfvgmgkt] lgeousg tbg ebokhg ottatudg bos fc ok JW gccget costgrokd tbokmgmlgrs Pdfgs] akcrostrueturg. Tbgrg oisf kggds tf lg ’sgefkd akigvgi” troakakh igodgrs tf hgkgrotg ”kgw ’troakakh fc troakgrs” eopoeaty ak frhokazotafkoi, lusakgss okd tgebkaeoi orgos (prfduetafk eboak frhokazotafk, usg fc cgrtaiazgrs okd pgstaeadgs, gte.) cfr ftbgr XWFs okd cfr akdavaduoi cormgrs.

Okftbgr kggd as tbg prfvasafk fc ohraeuituroi akputs tbot tbg XWFs okd akdavaduoi cormgrs kggd okd purebosg fk tbgar fwk. O systgm tf fvgrsgg okd huoroktgg tbg quoiaty fc ohraeuituroi akputs as efksadgrgd o prafraty ly mfst cormgrs. \gspfkdgkts oisf rgatgrotgd tbg kggd cfr o sahkacaeoktiy amprfvgd ohraeuituroi akcfrmotafk systgm—fkg tbot yagids oeeurotg, up-tf-dotg okd dgeasafk-rgigvokt akcfrmotafk tbot as prfvadgd tf oii igvgis fc tbg ohraeuituroi systgm. (e) Xotgr mokohgmgkt: Xbaig rgspfkdgkts gxbalatgd voryakh dghrggs fc sotascoetafk watb wotgr mokohgmgkt systgms, tbg kgoriy ukokamfus efksgksus rgmoaks tbot wotgr as hrfssiy masoiifeotgd, pffriy ossgssgd okd vgry fctgk wostgd. Tbg wotgr prfvadgd ly arrahotafk systgms must lg utaiazgd prudgktiy tf moxamazg lgkgcat. Ot tbg somg tamg, ampigmgktotafk fc o efmprgbgksavg piok cfr arrahotafk tgebkacaeotafk ot tbg kotafkoi igvgi, watb arrahotafk systgms opprfpraotg cfr tbg orgo okd cfr tbg erfps mfst opprfpraotg opprfpraotg cfr tbg orgos as kgegssory. Tbas as erataeoi tf amprfvg efmpgtatavgkgss ot tbg akdavaduoi cormgr okd efuktry igvgis. \gspfkdgkts efksastgktiy rgatgrotgd tbg assug fc wostakh wotgr okd tbg sahkacaeokeg fc tbas masmokohgmgkt. Moky kftgd ioe` fc mfdgrk akcrostrueturg os tbg rfft eousg fc prfligms. Gxegpt ak rorg eosgs, rgsgrvfars tf gccaeagktiy stfrg wotgr ak tamgs fc surpius df kft gxast. Ak ciffd sgosfks, os mueb os 87% fc wotgr hfgs ukusgd okd uksovgd. Tbg eurrgkt akcrostrueturg as aii gquappgd tf to`g odvoktohg fc sgosfkoi ebokhgs ak prgeapatotafk, spgeacaeoiiy tbg oktaquotgd hrovaty arrahotafk systgm. Ly fkg gstamotg, gvgk o ?>% akergosg ak gccaeagkey efuid rgsuit ak sahkacaeoktiy amprfvgd iokd usg okd oiifeotafk fc wotgr tfwords tbg eatags.

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Cakokegs wgrg okftbgr sfureg fc efktgktafk. Akstoiiotafk fc kgw tgebkfifhags rgquargs o sahkacaeokt cakokeaoi efktralutafk ly tbg akdavaduoi cormgr0 tbgrgcfrg mfdgrkazotafk eok lg efstprfbalatavg. Cormgrs org curtbgr bakdgrgd ly tbgar stotus os ’bahb-ras`” igkdakh potrfks, okd tbg gigvotgd ergdat cggs. Cakokeaoi ossastokeg crfm tbg hf hfvgrkmgkt vgrkmgkt as fctgk eatgd os o erueaoi erueaoi efmpfkgkt fc dgvgifpmgkt. Ak frdgr tf gkefurohg akvgstmgkt ak ohraeuituroi tgebkfifhy, fkg rgspfkdgkt suhhgstgd tbot tbg hfvgrkmgkt suppfrt corms tbot bovg hfkg tbrfuhb tbg prfegss fc mfdgrkazakh tbgar prfpgrty. Okftbgr rgefmmgkdgd tbot tbg stotg dargetiy sulsadazg suppiags cfr usgr frhokazotafks. Akergosakh effpgrotafk lgtwggk tbg vorafus ohgkeags wos oisf kftgd —wotgr usg ioe`s o egktroi, efbgsavg outbfraty, okd tbg vorafus frhokazotafks akvfivgd df kft effrdakotg tbgar rgsfuregs tf moxamazg gccaeagkey. Ioe` fc effrdakotafk efuid lg ovfadgd watb ok akergo akergosg sg ak efmmukaeotafk lgtwggk ohgkeags wfr`akh tfwords tbg somg uitamotg hfoi. (d) Frhokazotafk: Ohoak okd ohoak, rgspfkdgkts gmpbosazgd tbg kggd cfr cormgrs tf wfr` tfhgtbgr tf cfrm iorhgr, efbgsavg hrfups watb tbg oam fc efmmgreaoiazakh tbgar prfduets tf efmpgtg ak tbg mor`gt. Ugvgroi lgkgcats fc cfrmakh tbgsg ossfeaotafks wgrg gkumgrotgd, akeiudakh amprfvgd frhokazotafk, ukacagd prfduetafk, akergosgd seoig fc iokd, okd akergosgd ia`giabffd fc cakokeaoi suppfrt crfm igkdgrs. Oddatafkoiiy, stokdordazotafk fc prfduetafk waii bgip

cormgrs portaeapotg ak hifloi trodg mor`gts. Ac prfduets org stokdordazgd, tbgy waii lg olig tf mggt tbg makamum sgeuraty rgquargmgkts kgegssory cfr gxpfrtotafk. Oitbfuhb kgoriy oii rgspfkdgkts strgssgd tbg erataeoi ampfrtokeg fc lokdakh tfhgtbgr, sgvgroi lorragrs tf tbas efbgsafk wgrg oisf kftgd. Lok`s, cfr gxompig, efktakug tf oiifeotg ergdat fk ok akdavaduoi losas. Oitbfuhb o lok` waii eioam tf havg mfkgy fut tf hrfups, at moaktoaks tbg proetaeg fc havakh ergdat tf akdavaduois, wbf tbgk usg tbas ergdat tf purebosg suppiags cfr tbgar akdavaduoi kggds. Tbas proetaeg mo`gs hrfup-cfrmakh ok akgccgetuoi gkdgovfr okd tbus dasefurohgs tbg prfegss. O sgefkd prfligm as tbg rgcfrm, davadgdcormgrs rgiotafksbap cormgrs, dastrust goeb ftbgr. Uakeg tbg ohroraok bovg omfkh sgporotgd fk tbgmoky losasfcfcwbfm ras` igvgi cfr erfps. \gspfkdgkts suhhgstgd pfiaey dgvgifpmgkt tf oddrgss tbas assug. Efuksgiakh fk tbg ampfrtokeg fc hrfup-cfrmotafk wos crgqugktiy eatgd os o mueb-kggdgd dgvgifpmgkt. Os fkg gxpioakgd, ’A aksast wg kggd troakakh ak tbg cukdomgktoi tbakhs. Xg bovg fkg maiiafk, kakg tbfusokd bgetorgs ak tbg bokds fc cormgrs wbfsg fwk prfpgrtags df kft gxeggd cavg goeb. Tbgy waii kgvgr lg efmpgtatavg ak tbg mor`gt tbas woy. Tbgy must to`g tbg portkgrsbap tbot tbg Jukto dg Wsuorafs prfvadgs, sf tbot usgrs org efkkgetgd ly ok umlaiaeoi efrd akdassfiulig os wotgr.” (g) ^uliae pfiaeags okd strotghags: Dgvgifpakh okd prfmuihotakh o sustoakolig okd gquatolig puliae pfiaey rghordakh iokd okd wotgr oeegss, dastralutafk okd usg as gssgktaoi lut aksuccaeagkt: tbgsg pfiaeags must lg ampigmgktgd okd gvoiuotgd fk ok fkhfakh losas tf gksurg tbot tbgy org gccgetavg okd staii opprfpraotg havgk ebokhakh eareumstokegs. Tbas must oisf akeiudg ossastokeg cfr mfrg gccaeagkt usg fc fc wotgr (sgg wotgr mokohgmgkt, olfvg). Tbas kggds tf lg efupigd watb strotghae pioks okd pfiaeags rghordakh prfduetafk eboaks, watb eigor dgiakgotafks fc rfigs okd rgspfksalaiatags ly typg fc puliae okd pravotg sgetfr gktaty, okd odgquotg suppfrt cfr suatolig akstatutafkoi orrokhgmgkts. orrokhgmgkts. Ottgktafk kggds tf lg cfeusgd fk ’rotafkoiazakh” tbg ohraeuituroi sgetfr ak ^gru, wbaeb as sggk ly moky rgspfkdgkts os lgakh dasporotg okd ukeffrdakotgd. Tbas oppiags tf tbg puliae okd pravotg sgetfrs okd tbas ioe` fc aktghrotgd pfiaeags okd prfhroms akbalats hrfwtb okd sustoakolaiaty fc tbg sgetfr. Ossfeaotgd watb aktghrotafk okd rotafkoiazotafk as tbg kggd cfr strotghae piokkakh tbot bos eigoriy dgcakgd hfois okd fljgetavgs cfr tbg sgetfr, watb tamgiakgs okd rgsfureg ampiaeotafks cfr tbgsg. Tbg dastaketafk lgtwggk rghafks okd tbg ifeoi euiturg daccgrgkegs tbot occget sueegsscui prfhrom odfptafk must lg oisf to`gk aktf oeefukt. Fkg rgspfkdgkt wos portaeuioriy odomokt olfut tbg davadg lgtwggk arrahotafk rgcfrms fk tbg efost vgrsus ak tbg Uagrro. Ak rgcgrrakh tf tbas 53

 

prfjget, cfr gxompig, bg cuiiy suppfrtgd tbg mgtbfd fc ampigmgktotafk ak tbg efostoi rghafk, lut odvasgd efksadgrotafk fc rghafkoi rghafkoi voraotafks wbgk gxtgkdakh tbg prfjget gisgw gisgwbgrg. bgrg. Fkg assug portaeuioriy serutakazgd as tbg gefkfmae portaeapotafk fc usgrs0 tbg rgspfkdgkts efksastgktiy kftgd tbg daccaeuity fc eborhakh o wotgr cgg tf Uagrro efkstatugkts, dgseralakh tbg gxpgragkeg os ’ia`g puiiakh boar ”. ”. Tbgar trodatafk dfgs kft suppfrt o euiturg fc poy poymgkt, mgkt, ot igost watb sfigs . At tbgrgcfrg as daccaeuit tf mokdotg okd gkcfreg mfkgtory toraccs. At wos suhhgstgd tbot ac Uagrro efkstatugkts wgrg rgquargd tf poy, tbgy wfuid efmg tf rgoiazg tbg tokhalig lgkgcats fc havakh fkiy <-7 sfigs okd o poymgkt euiturg efuid lg hgkgrotgd. Tbg rgoiatags fc tbgar euiturg okd tbg daccaeuity fc tbg satuotafk eokkft lg ahkfrgd ac tbg prfjget as tf gccgetavgiy gxtgkd ats rgoeb fk o mfrg kotafkoi igvgi.

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7 Efkeiusafks Tbg study rgefhkazgs tbg rfig tbot tbg prfjget pioygd lftb ot efmpigmgktakh okd eopatoiazakh fk tbg covfrolig gefkfmae gkvarfkmgkt tbot ^gru ― okd portaeuioriy tbg ohraeuituroi sgetfr ak tbg efostoi rghafk ― gxpgragkegd durakh durakh okd octgr prfjget ampigmgktotafk. Tbas gefkfmae surhg wos iorhgiy dug tf vorafus moerf-gefkfmae efkdatafks tbot covfrgd gxpfrt trodg, corm gmpifymgkt okd wbfsg pramory eotoiysts wgrg: (o) tbg fpgkakh fc kgw mor`gts cfr ^gru‑s ohraeuituroi efmmfdatags0 (l) tbg orravoi fc kgw eopatoi akvgstmgkts0 (e) covfrolig praeg ciuetuotafks okd ebokhgs ak tbg ohraeuituroi ighoi cromgwfr`0 (d) akergosgd ovoaiolaiaty fc ergdat okd kgw tgebkfifhy0 okd (c) dgegktroiazgd puliae akvgstmgkts ak prfhroms okd ruroi sgrvaegs. Dug tf tbas pfsatavg gefkfmae trgkd okd tf tbg koturg fc quoiatotavg okoiysas, curtbgr quoktatotavg okoiysas as kgegssory tf mgosurg tbg prfjget‑s ampoet. Os o rgsuit, tbg cakdakhs prgsgktgd lgifw dgseralg tbg mojfr ebokkgis tbrfuhb wbaeb tbg prfjget as lgiagvgd tf bovg akciugkegd sfeaoi, gefkfmae okd gkvarfkmgktoi efkdatafks. Tbg mfst ampfrtokt efkeiusafk fc tbg study as tbot tbg Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget bod pfsatavg gccgets ak tbg prfduetavg, gefkfmae, sfeaoi okd akstatutafkoi mo`g up fc tbg ohraeuituroi sgetfr ak tbg efost fc ^gru. Tbg mohkatudg fc tbg gccgets, bfwgvgr, rokhgd wadgiy dgpgkdakh fk tbg ty typg pg fc

akcfrmokt lgakh aktgrvagwgd, prfjget efmpfkgkt okd typg fc gccget. Tbg mojfr gccgets org dgvgifpgd lgifw os cfiifws: ?. Gccgets fk prfduetavaty . Fvgroii tbg prfjget efktralutgd tf akergosakh ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty ak tbg efostoi orgos fc ^gru tbrfuhb vorafus ebokkgis okd ak vorafus dghrggs fc mohkatudg. Tbg koturg okd seoig fc tbgsg gccgets daccgrgd ly prfjget efmpfkgkt okd hgfhropbaeoi ifeotafk. Tbus, akstgod fc lgakh wadgsprgod tbrfuhbfut tbg Efost, prfjget prfjget prfduetavaty ampoets rgoebgd twf moak lgkgcaeaorags. Carst , tbg  arrahotafk efmmassafks oifkh tbg Efost tbot dargetiy lgkgcatgd crfm tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk wfr`s (efmpfkgkt O) okd/fr tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh fc wotgr usgr frhokazotafks (efmpfkgkt L) okd wbaeb Ugefkd,tgebkfifhy hgkgroiiy gxpgragkegd smoii prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkts.  tbg akdavaduoi cormgrs wbf tff` odvoktohg fc motebakh hrokts tf odfpt mfdgrk arrahotafk (sulefmpfkgkt E<) okd wbf gxpgragkegd sulstoktaoi prfduetavaty amprfvgmgkts.

Tbg carst mojfr prfduetavaty ebokhg, wbaeb wos smoii ak mohkatudg lut wadgsprgod omfkh lgkgcaeaory arrahotafk efmmassafks, rgsuitgd crfm akergosgs ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty cfr ohraeuiturg. Akergosgd wotgr ovoaiolaiaty wos ak turk tbg rgsuit fc amprfvgmgkts ak wotgr eopturg okd dastralutafk ot tbg Jukto   okd/fr efmmassafk igvgi (g.h. akto`gs, pramory okd sgefkdory eokois), okd wos o lyprfduet fc twf poroiigi prfegssgs: (o) amprfvgd arrahotafk akcrostrueturg, rgsuitakh crfm tbg akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk efmpfkgkt0 okd (l) akergosgd rgsfureg mokohgmgkt eopoeaty fc XWFs, rgsuitakh crfm tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh efmpfkgkt. Tbas akergosg ak wotgr ovoaiolaiaty, oitbfuhb morhakoi ak mfst eosgs, cfstgrgd akergosgs ak iokd usg aktgksaty, wbaeb ak turk igd tf bahbgr iokd prfduetavaty. Tbas gccget efvgrgd iorhg orgos okd gxtgksavg kumlgr fc cormgrs (a.g. lgkgcaeaorags fc efmpfkgkts O okd L)0 lut wos opporgktiy fc iattig fr iamatgd sahkacaeokeg ot tbg akdavaduoi bfusgbfid-pift igvgi. Tbg sgefkd mojfr prfduetavaty ebokhg, wbaeb wos iorhg ak mohkatudg lut rgstraetgd tf o smoii kumlgr fc cormgrs, wos tbg rgsuit fc mfdgrk tgebkfifhy tgebkfifhy trokscgr. Tbgsg cormgrs swatebgd tf fr akvgstgd mfrg ak bahb voiug erfps, wbaeb troksiotgd aktf dromotae akergosgs ak prfduetavaty okd cormakh akefmg. Tbgsg gccgets oppgor tf bovg bovg lggk iorhg ot tbg akdavaduoi cormgr igvgi lut wgrg iamatgd tf tbg smoii prfpfrtafk fc cormgrs tbot wgrg darget lgkgcaeaorags fc tbg akegktavgs prfhrom cfr kgw arrahotafk tgebkfifhy (sulefmpfkgkt E< - ^A\T). <. Gccgets fk ruroi akstatutafks . Ak o mfrg hgkgroi sgksg, tbg efmmfk pgregptafk wos tbot tbg prfjget bod o eigor, strfkh okd pfsatavg gccget fk ruroi akstatutafks, portaeuioriy wotgr usgr frhokazotafks (XWF). Tbas wos efbgrgkt wa watb tb tbg coet tbot fkg fc tbg prfjget efmpfkgkts 52

 

oamgd gxpiaeatiy ot tbg akstatutafkoi okd frhokazotafkoi strgkhtbgkakh fc tbgsg frhokazotafks. Ak efksgqugkeg, tbg moak gccgets fc tbg prfjget fk ruroi akstatutafks wgrg: (o) ebokhgs ak XWF igodgr lgiagcs okd ottatudgs, wbaeb pramoraiy akeiudgd dgvgifpakh o euiturg fc sgrvaeg okd oeefuktolaiaty, okd lgefmakh mfrg gmpfwgrgd0 (l) frhokazotafkoi ebokhgs ak XWFs, akeiudakh sulstoktaoi amprfvgmgkts ak ighoi okd odmakastrotavg eopoeatags fc tbg Juktos okd arrahotafk efmmassafks0 (e) amprfvgmgkts ak wotgr dastralutafk systgms, mo`akh wotgr dastralutafk mfrg gquatolig okd gccaeagkt0 (d) akergosg ak wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs, wbaeb wos strfkhiy ossfeaotgd watb tbg sazg okd frahakoi eopoeaty fc XWFs: XWFs tbot stortgd ot tbg bahb gkd fc tbg wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs sahkacaeoktiy akergosgd rotgs efmporgd tf wgo`gr efuktgrports0 (g) gefkfmae gmpfwgrmgkt fc XWFs turkgd aktf pfiataeoi gmpfwgrmgkt, os tbgy lgeomg ighatamotg aktgrifeutfrs fc cormgrs‑ aktgrgsts0 okd (c) ebokhgs ak ftbgr frhokazotafks, akeiudakh akergosgd dgmokd fc sgrvaegs cfr efksuitakh carms, okd strgkhtbgkakh tbg kotafkoi XWF umlrgiio frhokazotafk. 5. Gccgets fk akdavaduoi cormgrs‑ bfusgbfids . Oitbfuhb kft os wadgsprgod os ak tbg eosg fc ruroi akstatutafks, tbg prfjget akciugkegd ebokhgs ak ottatudgs okd proetaegs fc o sahkacaeokt kumlgr fc akdavaduoi cormgrs. Tbgsg cormgrs wgrg ia`giy tf lg lgkgcaeaorags fc troakakh okd/fr oworgkgss oetavatags fc tbg akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh (efmpfkgkt L) fr tbg gxtgksafk

prfhrom (^G\OT). Tbg ebokhgs gkefurohgd fk tbgsg cormgrs akeiudgd o mfrg gccaeagkt usg fc arrahotafk wotgr ot tbg bfusgbfid-pift igvgi tbrfuhb amprfvgd arrahotafk tgebkaqugs0 okd ebokhgs ak cormgrs‑ ottatudgs. Tbg mfst efmmfk ebokhgs fk ak akdavaduoi davaduoi cormgrs‑ ottatudgs akvfivgd: (o) strgkhtbgkakh tbg euiturg fc poymgkt okd wgo`gkakh fc tbg ’dgpgkdgkey” makdsgt0 (l) kgw `kfwigdhg olfut arrahotafk rghuiotafks okd rahbts0 (e) rgoiazotafk fc tbg ampfrtokeg fc hffd arrahotafk systgms0 (d) hrgotgr aktgrgst tfwords kgw tgebkfifhags okd bahb voiug erfps0 okd (g) rgkgwgd aktgrgst ak cormgrs‑ frhokazakh. Ak hgkgroi, akdavaduoi lgkgcaeaory cormgrs dad kft gxpgragkeg sahkacaeokt ebokhgs ak erfp sgigetafk, cormakh proetaegs (ftbgr tbok pift arrahotafk), fr usg fc ohraeuituroi akputs os o darget rgsuit fc tbg prfjget. Tbg smoii kumlgr fc lgkgcaeaorags fc tbg motebakh hrokts cfr mfdgrk arrahotafk (^A\T), bfwgvgr, sahkacaeokt ak fctgrms fc odbgrgkegtgebkfifhags tf hffd cormakh proetaegs, usg fcgxpgragkegd mfrg quoiacagd iolfr okdebokhgs bahbgr usg cormakh akputs os o rgsuit fc tbgar swateb tf bahb voiug erfps. Tbg swateb tf bahb voiug erfps hgkgroiiy prfduegd o sahkacaeokt gccget fk bfusgbfid akefmg. 4. Gccgets fk efmmukaty okd mor`gts . Tbg prf prfjget jget oppgors tf bovg akciugkegd rgiotafks omfkh `gy prfjget oetfrs os wgii os tf bovg occgetgd sfmg sfeafgefkfmae okd gkvarfkmgktoi efkdatafks. Tbg mfst ampfrtokt gccgets wgrg: (o) amprfvgd rgiotafksbaps omfkh wotgr usgrs (g.h. rgduetafk ak wotgr-rgiotgd efkciaets) moakiy dug tf lgttgr wotgr dastralutafk, o ergdalig efkciaet-rgsfiutafk mgebokasm ak tbg XWF okd mfrg rgspget tf tbg ruig fc iow omfkh wotgr usgrs0 (l) amprfvgd rgiotafks lgtwggk wotgr usgrs okd XWF igodgrsbap dug tf wotgr usgrs‑ akergosgd sotascoetafk watb lgttgr wotgr dgiavgry sgrvaegs0 (e) kf mor`gt gccgets wgrg rgpfrtgd, gxegpt cfr bahbgr lorhoakakh pfwgr tf kghftaotg erfp praegs omfkh tbg smoii kumlgr fc cormgrs tbot lgkgcatgd crfm mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhy odfptafk0 (d) sfmg sfeafgefkfmae ebokhgs wgrg rgpfrtgd, oitbfuhb tbg prfjget wos sggk os  just fkg fc tbg moky coetfrs tbot efktralutgd tf tbgm. Tbg mfst ampfrtokt fkgs wgrg tbg dgvgifpmgkt fc o mor`gt cfr mfdgrk arrahotafk tgebkfifhags, okd akergosgs ak dgmokd cfr s`aiigd iolfr0 okd (g) ok gkvarfkmgktoi maxgd-gccget gxtgrkoiaty wos prfduegd ly akcrostrueturg rgbolaiatotafk wfr`s. Eokoi rgbolaiatotafk rg rgduegd duegd wotgr wotgr igo`ohgs, igo`ohgs, wbaeb akergosgd wotgr ovoaiolaiaty cfr moky arrahotafk efmmassafks, lut rgduegd wotgr ovoaiolaiaty cfr o smoii sborg fc arrahotafk efmmassafks wbfsg wotgr suppiy dgpgkdgd fk wotgr caitrotafks.

51

 

\gcgrgkegs Efkhgr, J. okd H. Tfghgi (<>><). ’O Utfry fc Massgd Fppfrtukatags: _uoiatotavg Mgtbfds cfr Igodgrsbap \gsgoreb okd ^roetaeg”. Ak: ^orry, @gk okd Mgakdi, Jomgs, (gds.) Hrfukdakh igodgrsbap tbgfry okd rgsgoreb: assugs, pgrspgetavgs okd mgtbfds . Akcfrmotafk Ohg ^uliasbakh , Hrggkwaeb, pp. ?87-?12. EG^GU. <>>4. Gvoiuoeaõk dg Dgsgmpgÿf Akstatueafkoi dgi ^rfygetf U Uulsgetfraoi ulsgetfraoi dg Arrahoeafkgs ― ^UA. Akcfrmg cakoi. Iamo, <3 dg cglrgrf dg <> <>>4. >4. H\ODG. <>>3. Gstudaf dg Iakgo dg Losg dg io Ughukdo Cosg dgi ^rfygetf Uulsgetfraoi dg Arrahoeaõk ― ^UA. Akcfrmg Cakoi. Iamo, ?5 dg jukaf dg <>>3. Buomokebumf J. gt oi. <>>2. Dgvgifpakh Eopoeaty ak Xotgr Wsgrs Frhokazotafks: Tbg Eosg fc ^gru. Arrahotafk okd Droakohg . v78. pp. 5>>-5?>.

\of, S. okd M. Xffiefe` (<>>5). Aktghrotakh _uoiatotavg okd _uoktatotavg Opprfoebgs ak ^rfhrom Gvoiuotafk”. ak: C. Lfurhahkfk okd I. ^grgaro do Uaivo, Gvoiuotakh tbg ^fvgrty okd Dastralutafkoi Ampoet fc Gefkfmae ^fiaeags (Tgebkaqugs okd Tffis),  Xosbakhtfk D.E., Tbg Xfrid Lok`, Eboptgr 2. Uoidoÿo, Jfbkky. <>>1. Tbg Efdakh Mokuoi cfr _uoiatotavg \gsgorebgrs. U UOHG OHG ^uliaeotafks. Ifkdfk. Xfrid Lok`. ?113. ^gru Arrahotafk Uulsgetfr ^rfjget. Utocc Opproasoi \gpfrt. (\gpfrt Kf. ?574<-^G). ?574<-^G). Xosbakhtfk, DE. Xfrid Lok`. <>>4. <>>4. ^gru Arrahotafk Uulsgetfr ^rfjget. Ampigmgktotafk Efmpigtafk \gpfrt. (\gpfrt Kf. <1252). Xosbakhtfk, DE.

4>

 

Okkgxgs Okkgx ? Xotgr Wsgr Frhokazotafks ak ^gru

Xotgr Wsgr Frhokazotafks (XWFs) ak ^gru org kfk-prfcat ighoi gktatags tbot mokohg arrahotafk okd droakohg systgms okd wbfsg ighoi stotus wos gstoliasbgd ly tbg ?131 ^gruvaok Hgkgroi Xotgr Iow (Dgergg Iow ?887<). XWF as tbg hgkgrae hgkgrae komg cfr Juktos dg Wsuo Wsuorafs rafs (Wsgrs‑ Lfords) Lfords) okd Efmasafkgs dg \ghoktgs (arrahotafk efmmassafks), wbaeb sborg tgrratfraoi jurasdaetafks. Juktos dg Wsuorafs org rgspfksalig cfr tbg mokohgmgkt fc wotgr rgsfuregs ak ok arrahotafk dastraet (dastratf dg raghf), wbaig arrahotafk arrahotafk efmmassafks mokohg sul-sgetafks fc tbg arrahotafk dastraet. Oitbfuhb Juktos okd arrahotafk efmmassafks org gstoliasbgd akdgpgkdgktiy, tbgy org aktgrefkkgetgd os tbg Juktos portaoiiy supgrvasg tbg arrahotafk efmmassafks‑ wfr` okd cakokegs. Tbg Juktos‑ moak cuketafks akeiudg: o) tf rgprgsgkt mgmlgr arrahotafk efmmassafks lgcfrg tbg Ifeoi Xotgr Outbfraty fr tbg Hfvgrkmgkt0 l) tf igvy okd efiiget wotgr eborhgs0 e) tf gksurg arrahotafk frhokazotafks‑ efmpiaokeg

watb tbgar fliahotafks okd tf oudat tbgar cakokeaoi oeefukts0 d) tf prgporg, ampigmgkt okd mfkatfr arrahotafk pioks tbot bovg lggk odfptgd ly tbg Hgkgroi Ossgmliy, okd d) tf oequarg, fpgrotg okd moaktoak gquapmgkt. Tbg arrahotafk efmmassafks‑ moak cuketafks org: o) tf cfrmuiotg okd ampigmgkt arrahotafk pioks ak effrdakotafk watb tbg Juktos, l) tf efktralutg tf arrahotafk, droakohg okd ciffd efktrfi wfr`s, e) tf suppfrt suppfrt tbg Juktos‑ wotgr cgg efiigetafk, okd (d) tf sgg` gxtgrkoi cukdakh. Lftb Juktos okd arrahotafk efmmassafks org cfrmgd okd cakokegd ly wotgr usgrs, wbf efmmat tf poyakh wotgr cggs, okd portaeapotg ak tbg hfvgrkokeg fc tbg XWFs. Tbas akeiudgs v vftakh ftakh ak hgkgroi hgkgroi ossgmliy mggtakhs, gigetakh fccaeaois okd rukkakh cfr fccaeg. Juktos‑ okd arrahotafk efmmassafks‑ moak sfureg fc cakokeakh org gormor`s fc wotgr cggs, ifoks, dfkotafks, ighoeags fr aktgrgst crfm eopatoi tbgy fwk, os wgii os rgvgkug crfm cakgs ampfsgd fk usgrs cfr kft portaeapotakh ak gigetafks fr ak tbg Hgkgroi Ossgmliy sgssafks. sgssafks. Tbgrg org ??< Juktos dg Wsuorafs ak ^gru, wbaeb gkefmposs o tftoi fc olfut ?7>> arrahotafk efmmassafks okd rgprgsgkt boic o maiiafk wotgr usgrs.

4?

 

Okkgx < Iast fc aktgrvagw okd cfeus hrfup akcfrmokts Komg

^fsatafk

Frhokazotafk

Dotg

?.  Dg Kys, Grwak

Igod wotgr spgeaoiast

Xfrid Lok`

?>/5>/>2

<.  @fgkah, ^gtgr

Cfrmgr tos` tgom igodgr

Xfrid Lok`

??/>3/>2

5.  Iojoukag, Morag Iourg

Tos` tgom igodgr

Xfrid Lok`

?>/5>/>2

4.  Fisfk, Dfuhios

Xotgr rgsfureg spgeaoiast

Xfrid Lok`

?>/5>/>2

7.  ^azorrf, Cgrkokdf

Arrahotafk spgeaoiast

Xfrid Lok`

??/?</>2

3.  Xgrlrfue`, ^agrrg

Cfrmgr tos` tgom igodgr

Xfrid Lok`

?</?3/>2

8.  Oratfma, Joamg

Arrahotafk Mokohgmgkt Fccaeg Dargetfr

^UA

??/?5/>2

2.  Eorlojoi, Crokeasef

Cfrmgr ^iokkakh okd Mfkatfrakh Ebagc

^UA

??/?</>2

1. Hutagrrgz, \oúi

Arrahotafk Tgebkacaeotafk Fccaeg Ebagc

^UA

??/?5/>2

1.  Hutagrrgz, \oúi

Arrahotafk Tgebkacaeotafk Fccaeg Ebagc

^UA

??/?5/>2

?>.  Botto, Mïxamf

Efksuitokt

^UA

??/?>/>2

??.  Igdgsmo, Ïivorf

Cfrmgr Gxgeutavg Dargetfr

^UA

??/?5/>2

?<.  Mgkdfzo, Jfrhg

Arrahotafk Akcrostrueturg Fccaeg Dargetfr

^UA

??/?5/>2

?5.  Mfrftg, Fseor

Troakakh okd Tgebkaeoi Ossastokt Ebagc

^UA

?</>?/>2

?4.  Frtgho C., Iuas

Cfrmgr arrahotafk spgeaoiast

^UA

??/?4/>2

?7.  Sgiordg, Bgrkïk

Cfrmgr Arrahotafk Akcrostrueturg Dargetfr

^UA

??/?>/>2

?3.  Zúÿaho Mfrïk, Jfrhg

Gxgeutavg Dargetfr

^UA

??/?</>2

?8.  Bgrkïkdgz, Eorifs (C)

Trujaiif zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom

^UA

??/<>/>2

?2.  ^aÿík, Igaio (C)

Trujaiif zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom

^UA

??/<>/>2

?1.  \ífs Horrf, Oilgrtf

Trujaiif zfkoi fccaeg ebagc

^UA

??/?8/>2

<>.  Whoz, Cgrkokdf (C)

Trujaiif zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom

^UA

??/<>/>2

<?.  Iigrgko, Joamg (C)

Orgquapo zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom

^UA

??/<4/>2

<<.  Mïioho, Fseor(C)

Orgquapo zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom

^UA

??/<4/>2

<5.  Soidavao, Bulgr

Orgquapo Zfkoi Fccaeg Ebagc

^UA

??/<4/>2

<4.  Soigkeao, \fkoid (C)

Orgquapo zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom

^UA

??/<4/>2

<7.  Eupg, Jovagr

Iamo Zfkoi Fccaeg Ebagc

^UA

?</>?/>2

<3.  Buomokebumf, Joamg (C) <8.  Tfrrgs, Eorifs (C)

Iamo zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom Iamo zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom

^UA ^UA

?</>?/>2 ?</>?/>2

<2.  Sgiosqugz, Justakf (C)

Iamo zfkoi fccaeg tgebkaeoi tgom

^UA

?</>?/>2

<1.  \avgro, Uoktfs

^rgsadgkt

JW Sarú

??/?8/>2

5>.  Uokebgz, Iuas

Tgebkaeoi Mokohgr

JW Sarú

??/?8/>2

5?.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Mgmlgrs fc arrahotafk akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkt lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks

JW Sarú

??/?2/>2

4<

 

Komg

^fsatafk

Frhokazotafk

Dotg

5<.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Mgmlgrs fc akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkt kfk-lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks

JW Sarú

??/?2/>2

55.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Lgkgcaeaorags fc drap arrahotafk

JW Sarú

??/?1/>2

54.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Kfk-lgkgcaeaorags fc drap arrahotafk

JW Sarú

??/?1/>2

57.  Oieoktoro, Gdhor

Tgebkaeoi Mokohgr

JW Ebof

??/?2/>2

53.  Eoidgrfk, Cgiapg

^rgsadgkt

JW Ebof

??/?2/>2

58.  Mfktgkghrf, Mokugi

Trgosurgr

JW Ebof

??/?2/>2

52.  ^ïrroho, Gdailgrtf

Cfrmgr Tgebkaeoi Mokohgr

JW Ebof

??/?8/>2

51.  Cokkakh \., Tfmos 4>.  Soidavao T., ^gdrf

Tgebkaeoi Mokohgr Saeg prgsadgkt

JW Io Jfyo Oktahuo JW Io Jfyo Oktahuo

??/<7/>2 ??/<7/>2

JW Io Jfyo Oktahuo

??/<7/>2

4?.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Mgmlgrs fc akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkt

kfk-lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks 4<.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Mgmlgrs fc akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkt lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks

JW Io Jfyo Oktahuo

??/<7/>2

45.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Lgkgcaeaorags fc drap arrahotafk

JW Io Jfyo Oktahuo

??/<3/>2

44.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Kfk-lgkgcaeaorags fc drap arrahotafk

JW Io Jfyo Oktahuo

??/<3/>2

47.  Eugvo, Bgrmgs

Tgebkaeoi Mokohgr

JW Buouro

?</></>2

43.  \gygs, Eioro

Lgkgcaeaory fc drap arrahotafk

JW Buouro

?</>5/>2

JW Buouro

?</>5/>2

JW Buouro

?</>4/>2

JW Buouro

?</>4/>2

48.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C) 42.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Mgmlgrs fc arrahotafk akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkt lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks Mgmlgrs fc akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkt kfk-lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks

41.  Sorafus cormgr igodgrs (C)

Mgmlgrs fc akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh lgkgcaeaory efmmassafks

7>.  Díoz, Grkgstf

Mokohgr fc drap arrahotafk sgrvaegs efmpoky

Jovgram

??/<8/>2

7?.  Hfkzoigs, Dovad

^rfjget gvoiuotafk okd mfkatfrakh tgom

EG^GU

??/?>/>2

7<.  Uugarf, Grkgstf

^rfjget gvoiuotafk okd mfkatfrakh tgom

EG^GU

??/?>/>2

75.  Mïioho, Gkraqug

^rgsadgkt

JKWD\^

?</>7/>2

74.  Juïrgz M., Eorifs

Tgebkaeoi Odmakastrotfr

OTD\ Mfebg-Saru

??/?1/>2

77.  ^orgdgs U., Jfsá

Tgebkaeoi Odmakastrotfr

OTD\ Ebaia

??/<8/>2

73.  \ocogi E., Eásor

Tgebkaeoi Odmakastrotfr

OTD\ Buouro

?</></>2

78.  Muÿfz, Dosaf

Ohraeuituroi ^rfmftafk Dargetfr

D\O Io Ialgrtod

??/<>/>2

72.  Horeao, Friokdf

Ohraeuiturg ^iokkakh Dargetfr

D\O Iamo

?</></>2

71.  Iiugk, Jfrhg

Buoebf Ohraeuituroi Ohgkey Dargetfr

D\O Iamo

?</></>2

(C) Cfeus hrfup portaeapokts

45

 

Okkgx 5 Iast fc Moak Tbgmgs okd Eotghfrags ?.  ^\FJGET DGUAHK

?.?.  ?.<.  ?.5.  ?.4.  ?.7.  ?.3.  ?.8.  ?.2. 

^rfduetavaty os ^rfjget fljgetavg Gxpiaeat ^rfjget fljgetavgs Dgsahk odjustmgkts Dgsahk Dgcaeagkeags Dgmfkstrotafk gccget fljgetavg Efkegptuoi cromgwfr` Ebokhgs ak pbosg A okd pbosg AA fc ^UA \gefmmgkdotafks

<.  ^\FJGET UT\OTGHQ OKD AM^IGMGKTOTAFK

<.?.  ^ortaeapotfry Utrotghy <.<.  ^ortaeapotfry Mgebokasms

<.5.  Eboroetgrastaes fc tbg strotghy <.4.  Uefpg <.7.  Efmpfkgkts gmpbosas <.3.  Ftbgrs (prfduetafk eboaks, rfig fc wfmgk, gte.) <.8.  Ugigetafk fc Juktos  <.2.  Ugigetafk fc akvgstmgkts (arrahotafk efmmassafks) <.1.  Ugigetafk fc lgkgcaeaorags drap arrahotafk <.?>.  Ampigmgktotafk <.??.  Efmpfkgkt oetavatags <.?<.  Mfst gccgetavg efmpfkgkt <.?5.  \gefmmgkdotafks 5.  ^\FJGET‑U AM^OET FK ^\FDWETASATQ

5.?.  5.<.  5.5.  5.4. 

Hgkgroi occarmotafk/dgkaoi ^rfduetavaty ampoet ― spgeacae mgebokasm fr efmpfkgkt Iamatotafks Hgkgroi efmmgkts fk bfw prfduetavaty as oebagvgd

4.  AM^OETU FK XOTG\ WUG\ F\HOKAZOTAFKU OKD FTBG\ \W\OI F\HOKAZOTFKU

4.?.  4.<.  4.5.  4.4.  4.7. 

Ebokhgs ak XWFs igodgrs‑ ottatudgs XWFs Frhokazotafkoi Ebokhgs XWFs Tgebkaeoi Ebokhgs Akergosg ak XWFs‑ rgsfuregs, gquapmgkt, gte. Akergosg ak XWFs wotgr cgg efiigetafk rotgs

4.3. ak wotgr dastralutafk 4.8.   Ebokhgs XWFs gmpfwgrmgkt 4.2.  Ebokhgs ak ftbgr frhokazotafks 7.  AM^OETU FK AKDASADWOI CO\MG\U OKD TBGA\ BFWUGBFIDU

7.?.  7.<.  7.5.  7.4.  7.7.  7.3. 

Hgkgroi assugs Ebokhgs ak cormgrs‑ ottatudgs Ebokhgs ak wotgr okd iokd mokohgmgkt Ebokhgs ak cormakh proetaegs Mohkatudg fc ebokhg Akefmg ebokhgs 44

 

7.8.  Ebokhgs ak tbg bfusgbfid 3.  UFEAFGEFKFMAE OKD GKSA\FKMGKTOI AM^OETU

3.?.  3.<.  3.5.  3.4.  3.7.  3.3.  3.8.  3.2. 

Ebokhgs ak rgiotafks omfkh wotgr usgrs Ebokhgs ak rgiotafks omfkh wotgr usgrs ― XWFs igodgrsbap Ebokhgs ak rgiotafks watb ftbgr frhokazotafks Ebokhgs ak efmmgreaoi rgiotafks Gefkfmae ebokhgs Ftbgr sfeaoi ebokhgs Drap arrahotafk mor`gt dgvgifpmgkt Gkvarfkmgktoi ampoets

8.  KFK-^\FJGET COETF\U TBOT AM^OETGD ^\FDWETASATQ

8.?.  Gxpfrtakh lffm 8.<.  ^rfjget sykgrhags 8.5.  \uroi sgrvaegs

8.4.  8.7.  8.3.  8.8. 

Cakokeg ovoaiolaiaty Gefkfmae coetfrs Gkvarfkmgktoi coetfrs Ftbgr prfjgets

2.  ^\FJGET EBOIIGKHGU

2.?.  2.<.  2.5.  2.4. 

XWF iamatotafks Iamatotafks fc drap arrahotafk lgkgcaeaory portaeapotafk Ampigmgktotafk prfligms Cormgrs‑ euituroi okd gdueotafkoi ospgets

2.7. tbg ohraeuiturg sgetfr 2.3.   Eboroetgrastaes Mohkatudg fc tbgfcprfligm 1.  ^\FJGET COEAIATOTAKH COETF\U

1.?.  1.<.  1.5.  1.4.  1.7. 

XWFs eboroetgrastaes Gxpfrtakh lffm ^rfjget strotghy Hfvgrkmgkt dgegktroiazotafk Mohkatudg fc tbg prfligm

?>.  ^\FJGET GCCGETASGKGUU OKD UWUTOAKOLAIATQ

?>.?.  Hgkgroi ampoet fc prfjget ?>.<.  Uustoakolig ebokhgs ??.  SAUAFKU CF\ OH\AEWITW\OI ^\FDWETASATQ AK ^G\W

??.?.  ??.<.  ??.5.  ??.4.  ??.7.  ??.3.  ??.8.  ??.2. 

Fppfrtukatags okd eboiigkhgs fc ^gruvaok ohraeuiturg sgetfr Ohraeuituroi sgrvaegs Xotgr mokohgmgkt Frhokazotafk ^rfduetafk systgms ^uliae pfiaeags Oetafk strotghags Ftbgrs

47

 

Okkgx 4o Akdavaduoi Aktgrvagw Huadg: Eotghfry ?-<

Tbg Akdgpgkdgkt Gvoiuotafk Hrfup (AGH) as efkduetakh ok ampoet gvoiuotafk tf ukdgrstokd lgttgr tbg ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget okd ats pftgktaoi cfr amprfvakh tbg tbg iavgs fc cormgrs okd tbgar prfduetavg eopoeatags. eopoeatags. Havgk wbot wg eok igork crfm tbas gxpgragkeg, AGH bos bargd us tf ampigmgkt tbg quoiatotavg wfr`. Xg opprgeaotg yfur ohrggakh tf lgakh aktgrvagwgd0 yfur fpakafks, losgd fk yfur gxpgragkeg watb tbas prfjget org akvoiuolig tf fur ukdgrstokdakh ukdgrstokdakh fc ats ampoet. Tbg aktgrvagw sbfuid iost opprfxamotgiy fkg bfur. Xg wokt tf ossurg yfu tbot tb tbgg akcfrmotafk yfu prfvadg waii lg ohhrghotgd ohhrghotgd watb ftbgr akcfrmokts‑ efktralutafks ok okdd waii lg usgd sfigiy cfr fur okoiysas. Ac yfu bovg oky cfiifw up efmmgkts fr wfuid ia`g tf sborg oddatafkoi akcfrmotafk pigosg sgkd tbas akcfrmotafk tf PKOMG]. O.

LOUAE AKCF\MOTAFK FK TBG \GU^FKDGKT (os` oii rgspfkdgkts)

?.  <.  5.  4. 

Ifeotafk, dotg okd tamg fc aktgrvagw Oddrgss Frhokazotafk Komg

7.  Eurrgkt tatig 3.  Tatig durakh tbg prfjget‑s ygors 8.  \fig ak tbg prfjget (ebge` oii tbot oppiy.)  VV ^iokkakh VVDgsahk VVFrhokazotafk VVAmpigmgktotafk  VV Uupgrvasafk VVOpprfvoi VVGvoiuotafk  VV Ftbgr, spgeacy 2.  Tgigpbfkg kumlgr 1.  Gmoai oddrgss ?>.  Qgors fc gxpgragkeg ak piokkakh, supgrvasakh, okd/fr gvoiuotakh ohraeuiturg prfjgets

L.

Olfut tbg Uul-sgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget, ^gru

Kfw igt us toi` olfut tbg tbg prfjget wg org gvoiuotakh. Mfrg spgeacaeoiiy, pigosg tgii us wbot yfu `kfw dargetiy fr akdargetiy olfut tbg prfjget. Xg bovg frhokazgd tbgsg qugstafks qugstafks oifkh cfur moak damgksafks: Frhokazot Frhokazotafk afk fr akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh, cormgr okd corm-bfusgbfid, efmmukaty okd mor`gts, okd ftbgr prfjgets okd coetfrs. Xg ukdgrstokd tbot tbgsg damgksafks moy fr moy kft bovg lggk stotgd fljgetavgs lut wg lgiagvg tbot tbgy org tbgmgs tbrfuhb ohraeuituroi prfjgets okd moy ampoet fk fr lg occgetgd ly sueb prfjgets. Xg lghak watb sfmg hgkgroi qugstafks olfut tbg prfjget. L.?

^rfjget spgeacaes

?. 

Tbg prfjget‑s moak fljgetavg wos tf amprfvg cormgr prfduetavaty

<. 

?.? 

Xos tbg dgsahk suatolig cfr tbg fljgetavg6

?.<   ?.5

Xos tbg df ampigmgktotafk efksastgkt watbbos tbg efktralutgd dgsahk6 tf cormgr prfduetavaty ak tbg orgos ak wbaeb at Fvgroii, yfu lgiagvg tbot tbg prfjget wos ampigmgktgd6

Ak rgiotavg tgrms, bfw gccgetavg wgrg tbg prfjget efmpfkgkts—akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh, ohraeuituroi akcrostrueturg strgkhtbgkakh, okd arrahotafk tgebkacaeotafk—watb rgspget tf cuicaiiakh tbg prfjget‑s fljgetavgs6 <.?  <.<  <.5 

5. 

Akstatutafkoi strgkhtbgkakh Ohraeuituroi akcrostrueturg strgkhtbgkakh Arrahotafk tgebkacaeotafk

Kfw wg org hfakh tf toi` olfut lgkgcaeaory sgigetafk. 43

 

5.?  5.<  5.5 

Df yfu lgiagvg tbot tbg prfegss fc sgigetakh tbg lgkgcaeaory frhokazotafks wos opprfpraotg, troksporgkt, fljgetavg okd gccgetavg6 Df yfu lgiagvg tbot tbas prfegss tbg lgkgcaeaory frhokazotafks usgd tf sgiget tbgar akcrostrueturg akvgstmgkts wos opprfpraotg, troksporgkt, fljgetavg okd gccgetavg6 Df yfu lgiagvg tbot tbg prfegss tf sgiget lgkgcaeaory cormgrs cfr arrahotafk tgebkacaeotafk wos opprfpraotg, troksporgkt, fljgetavg okd gccgetavg6

L.<

\uroi akstatutafks okd frhokazotafks

4. 

Xbot ebokhgs df yfu tbak` wgrg ok gccget fc tbas prfjget fk tbg ohraeuiturg frhokazotafks ak ^gru6

7. 

4.? 

^igosg dgseralg tbg sahkacaeokt ebokhgs tbot bovg feeurrgd ak tbgsg akstatutafks os o rgsuit fc tbg prfjget. As tbas ampoet sustoakolig6

4.< 

Ak oddatafk tf tbg JWs, org tbgrg oky ftbgr frhokazotafks tbot wgrg strgkhtbgkgd ly tbg prfjget6 Ac sf, wbot wgrg tbgsg, wbot wgrg tbg ebokhgs, okd wbot wos tbg ampoet fc tbg prfjget fk tbgsg ebokhgs6

Xbot wos tbg gccget fc tbgsg prfjget-rgiotgd ebokhgs ak ruroi frhokazotafks fk ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty6

3. 

Dad oky fc tbg akstatutafkoi ebokhgs tbot feeurrgd os o rgsuit fc tbg prfjget bovg oky ukaktgkdgd kghotavg efksgqugkegs6 Ac sf, wbot wgrg tbgsg okd okd bfw dad tbgy feeur6

L.5

Cormgr okd corm-bfusgbfids

8. 

Bos tbg prfjget akciugkegd oky sahkacaeokt ebokhg fk iokd usg fr cormakh proetaegs6 8.?  8.< 

Bovg tbgrg lggk ebokhgs ak erfp sgigetafk fr iolfr oiifeotafk os o rgsuit fc tbg prfjget6 Ac sf, wbot wgrg tbgsg6 Bfw dad tbg prfjget lrakh olfut tbgsg ebokhgs6

2. 

Bfw dad tbgsg ebokhgs ak cormakh proetaegs occget ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty6

1. 

Os o rgsuit fc tbg prfjget bovg tbgrg lggk ebokhgs ak bfusgbfid rgiotafksbaps, sueb os tbg rfig fc wfmgk fr ebaid iolfr ak ohraeuiturg6

?>. 

Bovg tbgrg lggk ftbgr ebokhgs tf corm-bfusgbfids tbot wgrg kft spgeacaeoiiy piokkgd6 ?>.? 

??. 

Ac ygs, pigosg dgseralg tbgm okd daseuss tbgar sahkacaeokeg cfr cormgr prfduetavaty okd pfvgrty rgduetafk.

Dad oky fc tbg akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkts am prfvgmgkts ot tbg cormgr igvgi bovg oky ukaktgkdgd kghotavg efksgqugkegs, sueb os gkvarfkmgktoi ampoet6 ??.? 

Ac ygs, pigosg dgseralg tbgm okd daseuss tbgar sahkacaeokeg cfr cormgr prfduetavaty okd pfvgrty rgduetafk.

L.4

Efmmukaty okd mor`gts

?<. 

Bos tbg prfjget akciugkegd bfw cormgrs gkhohgd watb ftbgrs ak tbgar efmmukaty fr tbg lrfodgr mor`gt ak rgiotafk tf sgiiakh prfduets6 ?<.? 

?5. 

Ac ygs, pigosg dgseralg.

Dad tbg prfjget rgsuit ak ebokhgs ak tbg rgiotafksbaps lgtwggk tbg JWs okd akdavaduoi cormgrs okd fr omfkh tbg akdavaduoi cormgrs6

48

 

?5.? 

Ac ygs, pigosg dgseralg.

?4. 

^igosg daseuss tbg sahkacaeokeg cfr prfduetavaty okd pfvgrty rgduetafk omfkh cormgrs.

?7. 

Eok yfu adgktacy ftbgr sfeaoi fr gefkfmae ebokhgs tbot moy bovg to`gk pioeg dug tf tbg prfjget6 ?7.? 

Ac ygs, pigosg dgseralg tbgm okd daseuss tbgar sahkacaeokeg cfr prfduetavaty okd pfvgrty rgduetafk

L.7

Ftbgr prfjgets okd coetfrs

?3. 

Xbot ftbgr oetavatags prgsgkt ak tbg rghafk efuid bovg akciugkegd (pfsatavgiy fr kghotavgiy) tbg futefmgs fc tbg prfjget6 ?3.? 

?8. 

Eok yfu tgii us olfut coetfrs akdgpgkdgkt a kdgpgkdgkt fc tbg prfjget tbot efuid bovg damakasbgd ampoet

Eok yfu tgii us olfut ftbgr rgiotgd prfjgets to`akh pioeg poroiigi tf tbas prfjget tbot moy fr moy kft bovg akciugkegd tbg futefmg6

E.

Fppfrtukatags okd eboiigkhgs

?2. 

Xbot bovg lggk tbg mfst sahkacaeokt sahkacae okt eboiigkhgs tf oebagvgmgkt fc tbg fvgroii prfjget fljgetavg okd bfw bovg tbgsg eboiigkhgs lggk fvgrefmg6 ?2.? 

Xbgrg tbgrg spgeacae eboiigkhgs coegd ot piokkakh fr ampigmgktakh tbot yfu eok mgktafk okd dgseralg6

?1. 

Xbot bovg lggk tbg mfst ampfrtokt coeaiatotakh coetfrs, fr eotoiysts, tf gkbokeg oebagvgmgkt fc tbg fvgroii fljgetavg6 Bfw bovg tbgy lggk usgd usgd ly tbfsg ak eborhg fc tbg prfjget6

D.

Uustoakolaiaty okd vasafk cfr tbg cuturg

<>. 

Fc oii tbg ebokhgs mgktafkgd olfvg tbot rgiotg tf tbg prfjget, wbaeb df yfu lgiagvg org mfst ia`giy tf lg sustoakolig6 Xby6

<?. 

Havgk tbg `kfwigdhg tbot yfu bovg okd tbg igssfks igorkgd crfm tbas prfjget, wbot sbfuid tbg Xfrid Lok` df tf gksurg tbg ampoet fc tbas prfjget as kft ifst okd/fr hoaks org sustoakgd6

<<. 

Ac yfu wgrg tf dgsahk fr opprfvg o prfjget ak o samaior efktgxt watb samaior fljgetavgs wbot wfuid lg tbg moak oetavatags fr efmpfkgkts fc tbas prfjget tbot tbot yfu wfuid akeiudg6 As tbgrg okytbakh gisg yfu wfuid wfuid df daccgrgktiy ak dgsahkakh o samaior prfjget6

G.

Ohraeuiturg okd prfduetavaty ak hgkgroi

Xg wfuid ia`g tf igork crfm yfu olfut tbg stotus fc ohraeuiturg ak tbg ^gru okd tbg oetavatags tbot bovg lggk to`akh pioeg ak tbg iost tgk ygors. Xg org portaeuioriy aktgrgstgd ak prfjgets oamgd ot akergosakh cormgr yagids okd akefmg. <5. 

Igt‑s toi` olfut fppfrtukatags okd eboiigkhgs cfr cormgrs ak ^gru watb rgspget tf prfduetavaty. <5.?  <5.< 

<4. 

Xbot org tbg mojfr fppfrtukatags cfr cormgrs ak ^gru6 Xbot org tbg mojfr eboiigkhgs6

Xbot df yfu lgiagvg org tbg cavg mfst ampfrtokt oetafks tbot eok lg to`gk tf amprfvg cormgr prfduetavaty, cfr gxompig ly tbg kotafkoi hfvgrkmgkt, rghafkoi hfvgrkmgkts, efmmukatags, KHFs okd akdavaduoi cormgrs6

42

 

Okkgx 4l Akdavaduoi Aktgrvagw Huadg: Eotghfry 5 (lgkgcaeaory igodgrs)

Bgiif, my komg as PKOMG]. A om bgipakh tbg Xfrid Lok` tf gvoiuotg gvoiuotg tbg Uul-sgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget ak ^gru. Xg wokt tf `kfw olfut tbg woys ak wbaeb at mahbt amprfvg tbg iavgs fc cormgrs okd tbgar prfduetavg eopoeatags. Xg opprgeaotg yfur ohrggakh tf lgakh aktgrvagwgd0 yfur fpakafks, losgd fk yfur gxpgragkeg watb tbas prfjget org akvoiuolig tf fur ukdgrstokdakh ukdgrstokdakh ats ampoet. Tbg aktgrvagw sbfuid iost opprfxamotgiy fkg bfur. Xg wokt tf ossurg yfu tbot tb tbgg akcfrmotafk yfu prfvadg waii lg akeiudgd watb watb tbfsg fc ftbgrs wg waii aktgrvagw okd waii lg usgd sfigiy cfr fur okoiysas. Ac yfu bovg oky cfiifw up efmmgkts fr wfuid ia`g tf sborg oddatafkoi akcfrmotafk pigosg efktoet mg ot PIFEOI EFKTOET AKCF\MOTAFK.]  O.

Losae Akcfrmotafk fk tbg \gspfkdgkt (Oii \gspfkdgkts)

?.  <.  5.  4. 

Dotg okd tamg fc aktgrvagw Ifeotafk fc aktgrvagw Komg Frhokazotafk

7.  3.  8.  2.  1. 

Eurrgkt pfsatafk ^fsatafk durakh prfjget ampigmgktotafk Tgigpbfkg kumlgrs Gmoai oddrgssgs Qgors fc gxpgragkeg ak ohraeuiturg

L. Olfut tbg Uul-sgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget, ^gru

Kfw igt us toi` olfut tbg tbg prfjget wg org gvoiuotakh. Mfrg spgeacaeoiiy, pigosg tgii us wbot yfu `kfw dargetiy fr akdargetiy olfut tbg prfjget. Xg bovg frhokazgd tbgsg qugstafks oifkh cfur moak orgos tbot rgiotg tf tbg prfjget: Frhokazotafk fr akstatutafkoi eopoeaty, cormgr okd corm-bfusgbfid, efmmukaty okd mor`gts, okd ftbgr prfjgets okd coetfrs. Xg ukdgrstokd tbot tbgsg damgksafks moy fr moy kft bovg lggk stotgd fljgetavgs lut wg lgiagvg tbot tbgy org tbgmgs tbrfuhb ohraeuituroi prfjgets okd moy ampoet fk fr lg occgetgd ly sueb prfjgets. Xg lghak watb sfmg hgkgroi qugstafks olfut tbg prfjget. L.?. ^rfjget spgeacaes

?. 

Xbot typgs fc suppfrts tbg prfjget prfvadgd cfr yfur frhokazotafk6 ?.?.  Xbgk dad yfu carst rgegavg oky suppfrt tbrfuhb tbg prfjget6 ?.<.  Xbot `akd fc suppfrt wos tbas6 ?.5.  Xbot wgrg oii tbg orgos fc suppfrt tbrfuhb tbg prfjget6

<. 

Kfw wg wfuid ia`g tf toi` olfut lgkgcaeaory sgigetafk. <.?.  Df yfu lgiagvg tbot tbg prfegss fc sgigetakh tbg akcrostrueturg prfjgets wos wos opprfpraotg6 Xos at coar6 Df yfu tbak` tbg prfegss wfr`gd cfr yfur Jukto6 <.<.  Df yfu lgiagvg tbot tbg prfegss fc sgigetakh tbg cormgrs cfr arrahotafk tgebk tgebkacaeotafk acaeotafk wos opprfpraotg6 Xos at coar6 Df yfu tbak` tbg prfegss wfr`gd cfr akdavaduoi cormgrs okd cfr yfur Jukto6 <.5.  As tbgrg okytbakh gisg yfu wfuid ia`g tf tgii mg olfut tbg prfegss cfr sgigetakh lgkgcaeaorags6

L.<. \uroi frhokazotafks okd akstatutafks

5. 

Xbot sahkacaeokt ebokhgs feeurrgd ak tbg fpgrotafk okd frhokazotafk fc tbg Jukto dg Wsuoraf (JW) sakeg <>>>6 Df yfu tbak` tbot tbg prfjget bod okytbakh tf df watb tbgsg ebokhgs6 Xgrg tbgsg ebokhgs sustoakolig6 41

 

5.?.  Xbot wgrg tbg orgos ak wbaeb yfu sow ok amprfvgmgkt ak tbg JW6 Xbot wgrg tbg orgos ak wbaeb tbgrg wos kf amprfvgmgkt6 5.<.  Bfw dad tbg prfjget bgip tf cfstgr tbgsg ebokhgs6 4. 

Ak oddatafk tf tbg JWs, org tbgrg oky ftbgr frhokazotafks tbot wgrg strgkhtbgkgd ly tbg prfjget6 Ac sf, wbot wgrg tbgsg, wbot wgrg tbg ebokhgs okd wbot tbg prfjget ampoet a mpoet fk tbgsg ebokhgs6

7. 

Dad tbg prfjget rgsuit ak ebokhgs ak tbg rgiotafksbaps lgtwggk tbg JJW W okd akdavaduoi cormgrs, lgtwggk tbg JWs okd arrahotafk efmmassafks, okd lgtwggk lgtwggk tbg JW okd ftbgr cormgrs frhokazotafks6 ^igosg gxpioak.

L.5. Cormgr okd corm-bfusgbfids

3. 

Bovg tbgrg lggk sahkacaeokt ebokhgs ak cormakh proetaegs, usg fc rgsfuregs (iokd, wotgr, iolfr, ergdat) fr usg fc ohraeuituroi sgrvaegs ak tbg iost 2 ygors6 3.?.  Dgseralg tbgsg ebokhgs. Xgrg tbgy sahkacaeokt6 3.<.  Gxpioak bfw tbg prfjget bgipgd tf cfstgr tbgsg ebokhgs.

8. 

Bfw dad tbgsg ebokhgs occget ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty6

2. 

Bovg tbgrg lggk ftbgr ebokhgs ak ruroi bfusgbfids tbot wgrg kft spgeacaeoiiy piokkgd6

1. 

Bos oky fc tbg akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkts prfmftgd ly tbg prfjget bod oky ukaktgkdgd gccget fr gkvarfkmgktoi ampoet6 1.?.  Ac sf, pigosg daseuss tbgar sahkacaeokeg cfr cormgr prfduetavaty okd pfvgrty rgduetafk.

?>. 

Dad arrahotafk tgebkacaeotafk rgquarg sahkacaeokt cakokeaoi akvgstmgkt fk tbg port fc tbg lgkgcaeaory cormgrs6

L.4 Efmmukaty okd mor`gts

??. 

Bos tbg prfjget akciugkegd tbg woy cormgrs mor`gt tbgar prfduets6 ??.?.  Ac ygs, pigosg gxpioak. ??.<.  Bos at ebokhgd tbgar mor`gt dgstakotafk6 Ftbgr ospgets6 ??.5.  Bfw bovg tbgsg ebokhgs bod ampoet fk cormakh akefmg6

?<. 

Eok yfu dgseralg oky ftbgr sfeaoi fr gefkfmae ebokhgs tbot moy bovg to`gk pioeg ak yfur efmmukaty ak tbg post tbot mahbt bovg rgsuitgd crfm tbg prfjget6 ?<.?.  Ac ygs, pigosg dgseralg tbgm okd daseuss tbgar sahkacaeokeg cfr cormgr prfduetavaty okd pfvgrty rgduetafk

L.7 Ftbgr prfjgets okd coetfrs

?5. 

Xbot ftbgr oetavatags prgsgkt fk tbg Efost moy bovg akciugkegd (pfsatavgiy fr kghotavgiy) prfjget rgsuits6 ?5.?.  Eok yfu mgktafk coetfrs akdgpgkdgkt crfm tbg prfjget tbot mahbt bovg rgduegd tbg ampoet6 ?5.<.  Eok yfu pfakt fut ftbgr prfhroms eorragd eorra gd fut poroiigi tf tbg prfjget tbot mahbt bovg akciugkegd rgsuits6

E. Fppfrtukatags okd eboiigkhgs

?4. 

Xbot bovg lggk tbg mfst ampfrtokt eboiigkhgs tf cormgrs‑ prfduetavaty ak tbg post 2 ygors6

?7. 

Xbot bovg lggk tbg mfst ampfrtokt coeaiatotakh coetfrs tbot bovg bgipgd cormgrs‑ prfduetavaty ak tbg post 2 ygors6 Bfw wgrg tbgy utaiazgd ly prfjget ampigmgktgrs6

7>

 

D. Uustoakolaiaty okd vasafk cfr tbg cuturg

?3. 

G.

Ac yfu wgrg tf dgsahk fr opprfvg o prfjget ak o samaior efktgxt watb samaior samai or fljgetavgs, wbot org tbg moak oetavatags fr efmpfkgkts tbot yfu wfuid wfuid akeiudg6 As tbgrg okytbakh gisg yfu wfuid df daccgrgktiy crfm tbg woy tbg prfjget wos eorragd fut6 Ohraeuiturg okd prfduetavaty ak hgkgroi

Xg wfuid ia`g tf igork crfm yfu olfut tbg stotus fc ohraeuiturg ak tbg ^gru okd tbg oetavatags tbot bovg lggk to`akh pioeg ak tbg iost tgk ygors. Xg org portaeuioriy aktgrgstgd ak prfjgets oamgd ot akergosakh cormgr yagids okd akefmg. ?8. 

Igt‑s toi` olfut fppfrtukatags okd eboiigkhgs cfr cormgrs ak ^gru hgkgroiiy. ?8.?.  Xbot org tbg mojfr fppfrtukatags cfr cormgrs ak ^gru6 ?8.<.  Xbot org tbg mojfr eboiigkhgs6

?2. 

Xbot df yfu lgiagvg org tbg cavg mfst ampfrtokt oetafks tbot eok lg to`gk tf amprfvg cormgr prfduetavaty, cfr gxompig ly tbg kotafkoi hfvgrkmgkt, rghafkoi hfvgrkmgkts, efmmukatags, KHFs okd akdavaduoi cormgrs6

7?

 

Okkgx 4e Cfeus Hrfup Huadg: Eotghfry 5 (lgkgcaeaorags) okd eotghfry 4 (efktrfi hrfup)

Bgiif, my komg as VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV om bgipakh tbg Xfrid Lok` tf gvoiuotg tbg Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget ak ^gru. Xg wokt tf `kfw olfut olfut tbg woys ak wbaeb at mahbt amprfvg tbg iavgs fc cormgrs okd okd tbgar prfduetavg eopoeatags. Xg opprgeaotg yfur ohrggakh tf lgakh aktgrvagwgd0 yfur fpakafks, losgd fk yfur gxpgragkeg watb tbas prfjget org akvoiuolig tf fur ukdgrstokdakh ats ampoet. Tbg cfeus hrfup sbfuid sbfuid iost opprfxamotgiy opprfxamotgiy < bfurs. Xg wokt tf ossurg yfu tbot tbg akcfrmotafk yfu prfvadg waii lg akeiudgd watb tbfsg fc ftbgrs wg waii aktgrvagw okd waii lg usgd sfigiy cfr fur okoiysas. O. 

Losae akcfrmotafk fk Hrfup lgakh aktgrvagwgd (cfr oii lgakh aktgrvagwgd)

?.  <. 

Dotg okd tamg fc aktgrvagw:VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV aktgrvagw:VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVV Ifeotafk fc aktgrvagw: VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVV

5. 

^rfvakeg/dastraet: VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVV

4. 

Akcfrmokts‑ akcfrmotafk. Kumlgr fc akcfrmokts: VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV Ohg Komg okd tatig

Qgors fc Qgors fc Lgkgcaeaory Iokd Orgo Efmpigtgd cormakh fc Pspgeacy (Bo) Uebffiakh gxpgragkeg efmpfkgkt]

?. <. 5. 4. 7. 3.

L. Losae akcfrmotafk fk tbg voiigy

?.  Xbot org yfur Pvaiiohgs]‑s moak erfps prgsgktiy (<>>2)6 <.  Xbot wgrg tbg moak erfps fc tbg Pvaiiohgs] ak ygor <>>> (gkd fc Cujamfra‑s rghamg)6 5.  Bos prfduetafk fr soigs amprfvgd cfr okyfkg ak Ptbas vaiiohg] ak tbg post 2 ygors6 o.  Ac ygs, bfw wos prfduetafk okd soigs amprfvgd6 E. Ebokhgs ak prfduetafk okd soigs

4.  Igt us toi` olfut yfur ohraeuituroi prfduetafk ak tbg ygor <>>> (gkd fc Cujamfra‑s rghamg). o. ¶Xbot dad yfu piokt6

l. ¶Xos prfduetafk ovgrohg, hffd fr lod6

?. <.

7<

 

5. 4. 7. 3. 7.  Igt us toi` olfut yfur ohraeuituroi prfduetafk ak tbg iost prfduetafk eyeig (<>>8-<>>2). o. Dad yfu piokt tbg somg os ak <>>>6 ?. <. 5.

l. Xos prfduetafk tbg somg, lgttgr fr wfrsg6

4. 7. 3. 3.  Gxpioak tbg rgosfks cfr ebokhgs ak a k prfduetafk okd soigs. 8.  Kfw igt us toi` olfut prfduetafk gxpgksgs okd cormakh proetaegs. Org tbgrg oky daccgrgkegs lgtwggk wbot yfu df kfw okd wbot yfu dad ak <>>> (gkd fc Cujamfra‑s hfvgrkmgkt)6 Gxpioak wby. o. Egrtacagd sggds: df yfu usg mfrg, igss, fr tbg somg6 l. Cgrtaiazgrs: df yfu usg mfrg, igss, fr tbg somg6 e. Arrahotafk systgm: as at lgttgr, wfrsg fr tbg somg6 d. Wsg fc moebakgry: df yfu spgkd mfrg, igss fr tbg somg6 g. Tgebkaeoi ossastokeg: df yfu spgkd mfrg, igss fr tbg somg6 2.  Gxpioak tbg rgosfks cfr ebokhgs ak a k prfduetafk gxpgksgs okd cormakh proetaegs. 1.  Kfw igt us toi` olfut usg fc rgsfuregs sueb os wotgr, iokd, iolfr okd ergdat. Org tbgrg oky daccgrgkegs lgtwggk wbot yfu df kfw okd wbot yfu dad ak <>>> (gkd fc Cujamfra‑s hfvgrkmgkt)6 Gxpioak wby. o. Xotgr: df yfu usg mfrg, igss, fr tbg somg6 l. Iokd: df yfu usg mfrg, igss, fr tbg somg6 e. Iolfr pgr bo: df yfu usg mfrg, igss, fr tbg somg6 d. Ergdat: df yfu usg mfrg, igss, fr tbg somg6 ?>.  Gxpioak tbg rgosfks cfr ebokhgs ak usg fc rgsfuregs. 75

 

??.  Kfw igt us toi` olfut tbg efmmgreaoiazotafk okd soigs fc yfur ohraeuituroi prfduets. Org tbgrg oky daccgrgkegs lgtwggk wbot yfu df kfw okd wbot yfu dad ak <>>> (gkd fc Cujamfra‑s hfvgrkmgkt)6 Gxpioak wby. o. ¶Qfur soigs vfiumg as bahbgr, ifwgr fr tbg somg6 l. ¶Df yfu bovg tbg somg fr o daccgrgkt luygr6 e. ¶As yfur efmmgreaoiazotafk systgm tbg somg fr daccgrgkt6 ?<.  Gxpioak tbg rgosfks cfr ebokhgs ak efmmgreaoiazotafk okd soigs. ?5.  Kfw igt us toi` olfut yfur rgiotafks rgiotafks (bfw wgii yfu hgt oifkh) watb ftbg ftbgrr pgfpig fr hrfups watbak yfur efmmukaty. Org tbgrg oky daccgrgkegs ak yfur rgiotafks kfw efmporgd tf <>>> (gkd fc Cujamfra‑s hfvgrkmgkt)6 Gxpioak wby. o. Qfur Jukto fr efmmassafk: ¶df yfu hgt oifkh lgttgr,

¶df yfu hgt oifkh lgttgr, wfrsg fr tbg somg6 l. Qfur kgahblfrs: ¶df yfu hgt oifkh lgttgr, wfrsg fr tbg somg6 e. Qfur comaiy: ¶df yfu hgt oifkh lgttgr, wfrsg fr tbg somg6 d. Qfur outbfratags: ¶df yfu hgt oifkh lgttgr, wfrsg fr tbg somg6 ?4.  Gxpioak tbg rgosfks cfr ebokhgs ak yfur rgiotafks. ?7.  Df yfu tbak` tbg ^UA akciugkegd tbg ebokhgs ak prfduetafk okd soigs tbot yfu gxpgragkegd6 Xby6 ?3.  Df yfu tbak` tbg ^UA akciugkegd ftbgr sfeaoi fr gefkfmae ebokhgs ak yfur efmmukaty6 Xby6 D. Olfut tbg prfjget: ^gru Uul-sgetfraoi Arrahotafk ^rfjget (^UA)6

?8.  Bfw moky fc yfu `kfw tbg fljgetavgs fc tbg ^gru Uulsgetfroi Arrahotafk ^rfjget (^UA)6 o.  Df yfu tbak` tbg ^UA oebagvgd ats fljgetavgs6 Gxpioak. ?2.  Bovg yfu lggk lgkgcatgd fr bormgd ly tbg ^UA6 o.  Bfw wgrg yfu lgkgcatgd6 l.  Bfw wgrg yfu bormgd6 ?1.  Fkiy cfr tbg kfk-lgkgcaeaorags:

o.  Xby yfu wgrg kft o lgkgcaeaory fc tbg ^UA6 l.  Df yfu tbak` tbg ^UA lgkgcatgd fr bormgd yfu akdargetiy6 Gxpioak. <>.  Fkiy cfr tbg lgkgcaeaorags:

o.  Df yfu bovg pioks tf mo`g arrahotafk akcrostrueturg amprfvgmgkts fr tf odfpt kgwgr arrahotafk tgebkfifhags fk yfur fwk ak tbg cuturg6 74

 

G. Sasafk okd hgkgroi pgregptafk

<?.  Xbot df yfu tbak` org tbg tbrgg mfst ampfrtokt oetafks kggdgd tf amprfvg yfur ohraeuituroi prfduetavaty6 Xg org truiy tbok`cui cfr tbg tamg okd voiuolig akcfrmotafk. Xg waii mo`g surg okd sborg fur rgsuits watb yfu os sffk os wg bovg tbgm.

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