RIVERFRONT RECREATION COMPLEX

AN ARCHITECTURAL THESIS PROGRAM FOR THE DESIGN OF A
RIVERFRONT RECREATION COMPLEX
Presented to
Dr. GEORGE T.C. PENG
DIVISION OF ARCHITECTURE
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements of the
Bachelor of Architecture Degree
by
J. Kenneth Whistler
May 13, 1985
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ^
vi
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT QUALIFICATION
PROJECT HISTORY "
PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........[[.[[. \
PROJECT CHALLENGE ,
4
BACKGROUND STUDIES
THESIS STATEMENT
SIGNIFICANCE OF RECREATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ [ . . 5
RECREATION AND THE CITY 6
Current Circumstances 7
Existing Facilities 8
Recreational Need ' g
Recent Developments/Community Comprehensions 9
THE CITY
Geographical Setting n
Hltory of the City 12
Population I3
growth trends I3
pro j ections 15
Economic Trends 15
Government 17
city government 17
financial structure , 17
Land Use 18
current policy 18
land cover and development 19
END NOTES 21
DESIGN
GOALS OBJECTIVES 23
SITE ANALYSIS 25
Site Selection 25
Site Objectives 25
Site Data Classifications 26
Architectural Context 28
project overview 28
site overview 28
climate overview 28
Diagrams -"^
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS ^3
Classifications of Recreation '^3
Human Life Cycles ^^
infant 7^
child ^5
adolescent
young adult
older adult
Indoor Activities
Outdoor Activities
11
SPACE SUMMARY 65
Indoor Spaces 55
Outdoor Spaces 59
SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 69
Structural 59
Mechanical 69
Plumbing 70
Electrical 70
Life Safety 71
COST ANALYSIS 73
Introduction 73
Building Cost Summary 73
Project Cost Summary 73
DETAILED SPACE LIST 74
Indoor Spaces 75
Outdoor Spaces 91
ENDNOTES 94
PROJECT SUMMARY
FINDINGS • 95
PROPOSALS 96
APPENDIX A
DOCUMENTATION
APPENDIX B
STANDARDS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ill
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
BACKGROUND
2.1 Public Pool Ratios 3
2.2 Public Gym Ratios g
2.3 Project CITY; Question 13 Results 10
2.4 Project CITY: Question 20 Results H
2.5 Population Composition by Age and Sex, 1980 14
2.6 City Government Organization 17
DESIGN
3.1 Temperature 40
3.2 Precipitation . . . . . 40
3.3 Relative Humidity 41
3.4 Sky Cover 41
Map
DESIGN
3.1 Location of City in State 30
3.2 Location of Neighborhood in City 31
3.3 Location of Site in Neighborhood 32
3.4 Size and Zoning 33
3.5 Legal 34
3.6 Natural Physical Features 35
3.7 Man Made Features 36
3.8 Circulation 37
3.9 Utilities 38
3.10 Sensory 39
iv
LIST OP TABLES
Table
BACKGROUND
2.1 Population Projections 15
2.2 Municipal Revenue and Expenditures 18
2.3 Average City-Wide Land Use 19
DESIGN
3.1 Solar ALtitude and Azimuth 42
3.2 Weather Relationships 42
3.3 Standards for Recreation Activities 44
3.4 Stages in Life Span Development 46
3.5 Recommended Finish Schedule for General Areas '^2
3.6 Recommended Finish Schedule for Sports Areas "^2
SLIDE INDEX
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
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1 Case study-Abilene Baptist Church Activities Center
2 Media coverage of river, development
3 Location of City in State
4 Location of neighborhood in city
5 Location of site in neighborhood
6 Urban Concept
7 Existing Zoning/Land Use of Neighborhood
8 Existing physical features
9 Existing natural physical features
10 Existing circulation
11 Sensory (views from site)
12 Sensory (views to site)
13 Indoor/outdoor concept
14 Athletic center/social center/control concept
15 Design response vignette-incorporate bowling alley
16 drv-physical extensions accross river
17 drv-extend water into site
18 drv-flat ground for playing fields
19 drv-high ground for building
20 drv-floodway
21 drv-trees as buffers
22 drv-public image concept
23 drv-"island" concept w/lookout towers aijd trails
24 drv-grid organization
25 drv-linear organization
26 drv-centralized organization
27 drv-radial organization
28 drv-clustered organization
29 drv-extend riverwalk & create "anchor"
30 Optimum building over 3 grids
31 1"=50
32 l"-50
33 l"-50
34 l"-50
35 l"-50
36 l"-50
1"=50
l"-50
1"=50
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41 l"-50
42 l"-20
43 l"-20
44 l"-20
1"=20
l"-20
1"=20
1"=20
37
38
39
40
45
46
47
48
49 1"=20
50 1"=20
site layout-"anchor"
site layout-"water thru bid."
site layout
site layout
site layout
site layout-"water thru"
"park, tree corridor, over water, into bid."
"pre final w/racquetball facing nothing"
"social gym" and racquetball facing river
"final layout"
"final layout with contours
partial plan
partial plan-entry & walk over water
partial plan-ice skating intersection
partial plan-ice skating
partial plan-ice skating
curvilinear seating outside gyms
curvilinear seating outside gyms
curvilinear seating outside gyms
curvilinear seating outside gyms
51 Contextual images
52 Open pavillion sketches-images
53 Ceiling height requirements for indoor tennis
Slide #54 High tech elevation image
Slide #55 Elevations-weight platform sketches-fountain sketches
Slide #56 Section-level changes
Slide #57 Section-circulation/weightlifting/gym
Slide #58 Section-circulation/atrium showing mechanical duct, planter
Slide #59 Section-dance studio loft
Slide #60 Section-fountain/pyramid skylites
Slide #61 Elevation study-locker roof/mechanical shaft space above
Slide #62 Elevations/sections-ice skating barrel vault
Slide #63 Elevations/sections-ice skating barrel vault
Slide #64 Elevation of south aquatic elevation
Slide #65 Elevation of sunburst suncreen ice skating
Slide #66 Section-final barn structure
Slide #67 Wind scoop, athletic center/social center
Slide #68 Wrap activities around center, link to river
Slide #69 ''Neon bridge, wiue corridor concept)
Slide #70 ~1"=100' site contour model
Slide #71 Top photo of lookout tower
Slide #72 Study model-lookout tower/barnel elevation
Slide #73 Study model-barn elevation
FINAL DESIGN
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#1
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Study model-site contour
Final thesis presentation exhibit
Site plan
Floor plan
Elevations/sections
Elevations-west-north-south/section d-d
South elevation
West elevation
Sections a-a, b-b and c-c
Section b-b (gym)
Section (skating rink)
Final model-front shot overall (se)
Final model-aerial entry (west)
Final model-aerial sw side
Final model-aerial south
Final model-aerial south (closer)
Final model-aerial east
Final model-eye level ice skating arcade
Final model-eye level social entry (secondary) _
Final model-eye level athletic center entry (mam)
Final model-eye level squash, gyms, bridge
Final model-eye level squash, gyms, bridge
Final model-gyms, social gym, skating
Final model-gyms, social gym, skating
Final model-corner of model to gyms
PREFACE
All architecture design students at Texas Tech University are required
to develop and design a terminal thesis project for partial fulfillment of
the requirements of the Bachelor of Architecture degree. The architecture
project undertaken during the fifth year is intended to be a sunimation of
the five years of undergraduate learning experiences and should demonstrate
that the student is fully prepared to enter the architecture profession.
The architecture thesis project has a two-fold process: program and design.
Once a student receives approval of a thesis topic, the programming process
begins. A complete, written program for design is prepared through pre-
liminary research, discussion and decision making. The thesis program
should contain all pertinent information enabling the designer to make
sound decisions about optimum function, space, geometry, context and enclosure.
A prerequisite of the thesis project requires that each student identify a
viable client and a real site to contribute an essential realistic quality
to the project. Once the program is completed, design synthesis pertinent
to the program is executed. Physical sketches, diagrams and models which
express the esence of the thesis project are visualized and exposed at this
time. The total completion of the project usually takes two full regular
semester or approximately eight months.
In the pages to follow is an architecture thesis program for the design
of a riverfront recreation complex in Wichita Falls, Texas. Expected
accomplishments to be realized upon the completion of the thesis program are:
-to assist in coping with information overload by idendifying the functional
and spatial needs of the project requirements,
-to accurately define potential project issues.
-to propose and recommend architectural design solutions based on the
profile of the programmatic requirements and conditions.
S J
DCZZ]
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PROJECT QUALIFICATION
Before choosing to do a thesis topic proposal my mind was made up
to do something related to athletics and/or recreation. I have participated
in many sports and recreational activities all of my life, playing football,
baseball, basketball and many others. I have participated on playing
fields, playing courts and related facilities of all sorts and have formulated
essential design ideas based on those actual experiences.
I also wanted to do an architectural thesis project within an urban
scope, that is to design a building looking from the outside-in, rather
than from the inside-out. I felt that by addressing the broad spectrum
of scales, from site to county to city, and particularly from city to
neighborhood to specific site, many different concepts could be generated.
From these concepts then, my architectural solution to these "outside"
conditions would be sensitive, practical, real, accepted and part of the
whole. So, on my quest to find an architectural thesis project within an
urban scope, and to do one related to athletics and/or recreation, I arrived
at Wichita Falls, Texas. The "trip" there was insignificant compared to
what was found once I "arrived".
PROJECT HISTORY
At the present time, Wichita Falls is the only major city in the state
of Texas without any type of public recreation center. City administrators
have been aware of this fact for quite some time, and are addressing this
issue with cautious enthusiasm. The City Parks and Recreation Department
(CPRD) has wanted a citywide recreation center for several years, preferably
one in each sector of the city, or a total of five. They realized this
was unrealistic and have focused attention on one recreation center for
the whole city. So, several years ago, the CPRD drew up a proposal for a
a citywide recreation center to be located in Kiwanis Park in the southwest
section of the city. Mixed reaction occurred because many people felt that
a recreation center would not be used, since local YMCA and high school
facilities were available to the public. And apparently the public still
had a bad taste in their mouth from an earlier proposal, and so anything
connotating the term "recreation center" was generally looked at negatively.
But city administrators knew that those facilities would not support a
steadily growing population and could see a lack of public recreation
facilities (particularly indoor) in the near future. A bond election was
held and the proposal was defeated by less than 200 votes.
Much has changed since then. A new mayor has been elected, city-wide
zoning has been approved, the Youth Activities Advisory Council (YAAC) has
been formulated, and the public reaction for a recreation center has shifted.
The theme could now be described in the phrase "what is it that we can do
to make Wichita Falls a better place to live?"
According to a random, city-wide survey conducted by six marketing
students at Rider High School, a Recreation Center for the Youth would most-
benefit the city. The results of this survey had such an impact on the
city that the findings have been used by the Wichita Falls Board of Commerce
and Industry and various members of the Image Committee. It also stimulated
the City Council to invite these six students to serve on the council and
be the "voice" for the youth in the city. So, the YAAC was formed and their
^c 1-hP Recreation Center and inform the public of
first task was to promote the Recreation u
thei. s„rve. findings. Today, the city council and the general public hav,
accepted the need for a recreation center and will do everything pos.iUe
to get one.
• h.Th the city could be a better place to live would
Another way m which the city
• n.dinances to be used for policy implementation. This
be to adopt zoning ordinances to u
would coordinate a higher aua^^^•^r ^f n , •
nigner quality of living environment within the city
and deter the abuse of unplanned, man-made developments. Still another
way of helping to make Wichita Falls a better place to live would be to
confront the issue of the downtown decay. Since the 1979 tornado wiped
out major portions of the southwest section of the city, new construction
has occurred attracting many people to the "newer" side of town. In an
effort to bring these people back, or at least renew their interest in
the downtown area, the city is looking for ways in which the River Development
District (RDD) can be planned. Urban planning and architecture consultants
have been hired and design review committees have been formed in order
to coordinate efforts on implementing an urban plan of the whole RDD to
be used as policy for future downtown riverfront development.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The YAAC wants a recreation center that is highly visible and near
water. They want a "club-med" or resort-type atmosphere with the availability
of adult-type activities, such as a night club effect with a bar and dancing.
They want a variety of activities not necessarily constant. That is, they
don't want to be stuck doing the same things all year long. They desire
the flexibility of activities on a day-to-day basis. The YAAC envisions
beaches, live concerts, 3 wheelers, roller skating along the river, horseback
riding, ice skating, tubing, paddle boats, canoeing, as well as swimming,
basketball, gymnastics and gamerooms. They suggest that most of these
activities be available in a nightime atmosphere along with daytime. As
for the location, the "kids" realize the new development that is occuring
(the new Sheraton Hotel) to the west as well as the possible location of
the new civic center to the east. They don't want to be located next to
the new civic center location because "alot of dirty old men tend to hang
around the civic center now". They would prefer to have the recreation
isolated somewhere along the river close enought and within walking distance
to the new development transpiring now. The CPRD sees the recreation center
to be primarily an indoor facility with a multipurpose gym for basketball,
volleyball, tennis and badminton. Other activities are: racquetball,
gymnastics, weight rooms, game rooms (kids and adults), indoor track,
activity rooms for cooking, art and dancing, meeting rooms, snack bar and
indoor swimming. The CPRD want the recreation center to be located adjacent
to the new civic center, either east or west of it on the southside of
the river. If the recreation center is proposed on the northside, it should
be close to Scotland Park. The CPRD felt that if a Recreation Center is
proposed without being part of an overall plan of the whole riverfront,
then it will not pass. But, if an overall plan is proposed, and the recreation
is a part of that plan, then it will receive favor.
PROJECT CHALLENGE
The planning and design of a river front recreation complex herein
proposed demand a precise and logical approach. To create a facility or
facilities which accomodate all age groups in a location convenient to
a majority of the users is the essence of the design. In order to meet
this challenge, I must begin with locating the optimum site within the
RDD. Both the CPRD and YAAC have general locational preferences, but both
agreed that I should choose the best site according to their functional
requirements. Because of the complexity of the project, defining and
redefining its scope according to both the CPRD's and YAAC's needs and
synthesizing with my design intentions was another challenge. Still another
architectural challenge was to reflect the unique needs of the city by
accommodating functionally, expressing aesthetically and relating harmoniously
with the surroundings. My ultimate challenge was to design a recreation
center that the people of Wichita Falls will want to come to.
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THESIS STATEMENT
A fundamental aspect of man is to have a clear purpose/goal in life
in which to aim at. It is this purpose that ultimately leads man on a
journey towards what is considered "the good life". The question is then,
what is it that ultimately fulfills man? What is it that man is directed
towards? What is "the good life"? Each man has his own purpose or actual-
ization of fulfillment to fit his particular aims, but most will agree that
the final good in life is having good health, wealth, family and friends.
Having good health requires a balance. Man exhausts his supply of vitality
working for a living. Therefore in order to maintain a healthful equalibrium,
he must take time out periodically from the rigors of everyday living for
recreational pursuits.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RECREATION
Recreation is the refreshment of one's entire being, mind and body.
It is accomplished through any form of play, amusement or relaxation. It
is a nonwork activity engaged in for pleasure in the form of games, sports,
hobbies, reading walking and etc. Recreational activities are often
culturally and socially structured, and within a culture, people tend to
want to engage in similar modes of action. Activities defined as recreational
provide easily identifiable situations that give immediate sanctions for
2
people to relax. Games are one such structured device for defining a
situation as a time to relax from normal work, seriousness or routine
responsibility.
Recreational activities can be classified into two broad categories:
passive and active.^ Passive recreational activities are those primarily
intended to refresh the mind and therefore require little physical involve-
ment. Examples of such are: walking, talking, reading, eating, watching,
sightseeing and other similar acts. Active recreational activities, on
the other hand, are those that refresh the body and therefore involve quick
and brisk actions which require intensive bodily movement. Examples of such
are field games, court games, skating, jogging, riding, boating and skiing.
Both types of recreational activities are practiced by people of all ages,
but for obvious reasons, passive recreation is more common among the old
while active recreation is more prominent among the young.
Apart from serving its basic function of refreshing the mind and
body, recreation also induces competition and team spirit. It gives an
opportunity to learn the important values developed through team spirit
and cooperation and the sense of belonging to a group. Therefore, recreation
provides social, cultural and educational benefits to the community, prompt-
ing social interaction and encouraging better human relations.
Recreation can produce economic and commercial benefits as well, both
directly and indirectly. The direct economic benefits come from events
and activities like spectator sports, stage shows and amusement parks.
The indirect economic benefit of recreation is in the form of tourism. Many
major recreational events and activities bring in people from far places.
These people spend money in motels, restaurants and shopes enhancing the
local economy and thereby providing new jobs for its citizens. Another
indirect economic benefit is the desirable quality that recreational
facilities provide for a community, hence making it a more preferred area
to work and live. Well developed and adequate recreation and open space
areas tend to attract and hold people in the community through their positive
impact on individual lifestyles.
RECREATION and the CITY
"as of now, Mlohita Falls is the only »ajor city in the State
o f Texas without any type of H S i i £ / - " f - " / " ^ ^ f ^- „„„
ron.rallv there is one recreation facility for every .io.uuu
p l o S -irmeans Wichita Falls should have - - s t -r^^^^_
5 facilities at the present time. . . ^ ^^^^ f^^^ l^^^^, ,ould
ing response for such a building. . • ^ / f ^^^;^° ^^^ ^u unds
benefit all types o^ people and would be a place
of fellowship. . •"
These observations, expressed by Lori Gordon, Chairperson of the
Youth Activities Advisory Council (YAAC), were presented to the City Council
at a meeting in February of 1985. Her insight is representative of many
in Wichita Falls concerning the lack or inadequancies of existing public
gymnasiums or indoor sports facilities. The obvious questions, then, are
why are there no public recreation facilities and what facilities are
currently being used for this purpose? Is the city proposing for the future
new facilities to meet these needs, or will the current facilities continue
to be used? What are the most recent developments and particularly, the
perceptions of those involved?
current circumstances
Although Wichita Falls is a major urban center for a 12-county region,
it has little to offer by way of public gyms or indoor sports facilities for
7
its citizens. There are many reasons for this, but the most obvious is its
low per capita spending on public parks and recreation. Goals for Wichita
Falls, a report compiled in 1980 by the City of Wichita Falls, Wichita
County, the Wichita Falls Board of Commerce and Industry, civic and profes-
sional organizations and private contributions, addressed this issue. Of
the top 10 priority goals defined, increased funding of the City's public
parks and recreation system was fourth. It should be noted that the City
of Wichita Falls spends only $8.00 per capita on public parks and recreation,
8
as opposed to the national average of $18.26.
Another reason for the absence of public recreation facilities is the
overall misconception by the community of what a "Recreation Center" is.
Due to existing YMCA and YWCA facilities in Wichita Falls, and possibly
due to lack of exposure of recreation centers, many people in the community
seem to equate the two. So, for this reason, proposals for additional
facilities seem ludicrous to them.
existing facilities
As Mentioned, YMCA and YWCA facilities are currently being used for
indoor recreation and sports. The junior and senior high schools and
Midwestern State University are being used as public facilities as well.
The problem is that accessibility to each is somewhat limited. Some school
gymnasiums are connected directly to their classroom facilities which
10
prohibits opening the gyms to the public. The City Parks and Recreation
has identified two alternatives: create a joint program between the Wichita
Falls Independent School District and the City to provide funds to modify
these gyms for public use without access to classrooms; and/or to build
four new recreation centers which will have gyms and indoor sports facilities.
These centers, listed in order of priority, will be owned and operated by
the City and should be located at the following existing parks: Scotland,
12
Kiwanis, Lamar and Expressway Village.
recreational need
Eight priorities for recreation needs have been identified by the
13
Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan (TORP) for 1985 in Wichita Falls. Of these,
swimming pools, basketball courts, softball fields, soccer fields and trails
were cited as most needed.
The TORP indicates that Wichita Falls has approximately the required
number of square yards of swiitmiing pools to accomodate the existing popula-
tion; however, the ratio of public pools to private pools is unacceptable
to TORP standards. The existing ratios are:
EXISTING RECOMMENDED fig- 2.1 Public Pool Ratios
— ' Source: Parks, Recreation,
public 7% Public 95% and Open Space Elements-
private 93% Private 5% Executive Summary, p. 803.15
Hence Parks S. Recreation recormnends additional public swinging pools: one
1200 sqyd pool at Kiwanis part to serve the south end of the city:
and one 550 sq. rd. pool at O'Reilly Park in conjuction with the Big Wichita
14
River Greenbelt development.
Wichita Falls lacks public indoor gymnasium facilities, and only two
outdoor full courts are available for public use .^^The present ratio of
public to private gyms is unacceptable.
EXISTING RECOMMENDED ^. ^ o r, -u-, •
fig. 2.2 Public Gym Ratios
c-Ki.;^ /no. r, 1--, • r.^ Source: Parks, Recreation
Public 42% Public 95% ,
•n.^,-„-,4-^ coQ. ^ • _._ ,- and Open Space Elements-
Private 58% Private 5% :;: ,. :r-
Do Executive Summary, p.803.20.
Of the existing public gymnasiums, 95% are school facilities.
Wichita Falls presently has 11 softball fields which receive heavy
use from March through November. The increased popularity of this sport
and heavy participation experienced in Wichita Falls indicates a need for
more facilities. The TORP recommends 16 softball fields for Wichita Falls.
The construction of a multi-field complex which could contain five softball
fields, one baseball field, two soccer fields and other recreation facilities
16
is warranted. A master plan will provide the direction for funding, phasing,
17
and the organization necessary to build such a facility.
Soccer is rapidly increasing in popularity and the demand for fields
will increase. The City of Wichita Falls needs more soccer fields. The
existing one mile of trails is far less than is recommended by TORP and is
less than cities of comparable size. An additional four miles of trails
which are destination oriented and provide a logical pedestrian system
which links the parks, recreation opportunities and open spaces together
should be installed.
recent developments/comprehensions
On November 23, 1984 six Rider Marketing and Distributive Education
,„ 18
II students initiated as their Creative Marketing project, "Project City"
The results of this project had such an impact on the city that the findings
have been used by the Wichita Falls Board of Commerce and Industry, the
City of Wichita Falls and various members of the Image Committee. "'"^
"Project CITY " was a random city-wide survey conducted by several
Marketing and Distributive Education students at Rider High School to
find out how residents of Wichita Palls really felt about their community.
Results of the 600 random telephone calls reveals two most significant
statistics. Question 13 asked, "of the following, which do you feel would
20
most benefit the city?" This question had multiple answers, but the number
one answer was a Recreation Center for the youth. Furthermore, question
600'
500-
400'
Recreation
_, . _ More
Center for ..
-r .1.1- More Cultural
Youth ^ . ^ , .^. .^. Dept. _
.._ Industry Activities Convention
M 2 _ ... ._ stores ^^^^^^
380
300-
200-
100
441 407
u
More
Dept.
•Stores
407
Better
Restaurants Liquor
290 by the
drink
229
Night
clubs
147 ,
Fig. 2.3. Project CITY Survey: Question 13 Results ^ ^ ^
SoLce: comment-Official Newsletter of the Wichita Falls Board of Coimaerce s
Industry Jan/Feb. 1985
20, asked, "If you were in charge of running Wichita Falls, what would be
the first thing you would do?" Many people, 224 to be exact, had difficulty
answering this question.''But of the 144 who did respond, a Teen Center for
the youth was the top answer again. As a result of the survey findings,
the Marketing and Distributive Education students were invited to serve on
the youth activities advisory Council (vaac, . The VaaC is ..ae up of two
10
100
50
25
Center
Teen
45
Improve
Streets ^^^^
.^ Beauty
36 Work on
Flooding
20
Fig.2.4 Project City survey; Question 20 results
Source: Comment-Official Newsletter of the Wichita Falls Board of Commerce
& Industry Jan/Feb 1985.
Council. It was during February of this year when Lori Gordon delivered
her speech to the City Council regarding a recreation center. "What we
mean by recreation center is a place for swimming, basketball, gymnastics,
dances, pool tables, etc., which is free to the public . . . we suggest
more activities . . . such as 3-wheelers, horseback riding, ice skating,
tubing, paddle boats, canoeing, a walk around or along the river, that could
possibly be used for roller skating. Most of these things need to be
available in a nightime atmosphere, as well as daytime. Sports and clubs
take up most of our time in the afternoon, but even those get monotonous
and night is usually oiir only free time, so we want to make the best of it.
We've grown up in Wichita Falls with movies, Kemp, and occasionally a dance
or two, with no other options than to try and do adult things, which are
i l l e g a l t o mi nor s . "
23
THE CITY
GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING :
The city of Wichita Falls is located in Wichita County at the northernmost
part of Texas. The county is its metropolitan area or SMSA (Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area) and has an area of approximately 392,960
acres or 614 square miles. Wichita Falls is the largest city and the county
11
seat of Wichita County and is located 138 miles northwest of Port Worth,
150 miles northwest of Dallas and 145 miles southwest of Oklahoma City?*
Wichita Palls' exact location is 98° North Latitude and 34° West Longitude.
HISTORY OF THE CITY;
The development of Wichita Falls began as a major ranching settlement
in the 1870's. Named after the Wichita Indians which inhabited the
region, the settlement became a part of Wichita County, which was created
in June of 1882. After becoming the county seat in 1883, the settlement
expanded and developed, incorporating on July 29, 1889. The city developed
along the low-lying flood plains of the Wichita River due to a need for
water.
The years from 1890 to 1910 are known as the Railroad-Agricultural
Period. With the growth of the cattle ranches and the need for railroad
transportation, the city began spreading outward. It was in this period
that the major determinant for the direction of city growth was created.
The railroad tracks and attendent cattle pens were located on the east
side of the downtown. When coupled with the prevailing westerly winds, this
made the east side of town a less than desirable location for growth.
Thus, the east side became the "other side of the tracks" where the low-
income groups resided. The principal direction of development was to the
2S,
west and south because the Wichita River formed a barrier to the north.
It was during the years from 1910 to 1940, known as the oil and Early
Industry Period, that the city of Wichita Falls experienced a fivefold
increase in population from approximately 8,000 persons to over 40,000
persons. This growth can be attributed to the discovery of oil in the area
and the subsequent development of the attendent industry necessary to support
oil field operations. It was also in 1921 when the first city plan for
Wichita Falls was drawn up. As stated in its introduction, the city plan
12
was developed
". to govern and give direction to the growth of the city
and to provide a program for its physical betterment. The
plan as prepared provides for definite public improvements
and for a definite classification of the uses of the land
which the city occupies or is likely to occupy."26
With the onset of World War II and the development of Sheppard Air
Force Base, the years from 1940 to 1960 are known as the Military Training
Period. During this period the city experienced a more than doubling of
population. The influx of military personnel and their money led to an
increased need for retail goods and services. This influence is still felt
today and accounts for the strong econmic growth in retail sales.
The 1960's saw the city of Wichita Falls diversifying and expanding
her industry and manufacturing; and this period is, therefore, known as
the Urban Industrial Period. This growth continued on into the 1970's
with the development of an industrial part to the north of the city and
a manufacturing and warehousing district to the south.^^
POPULATION:
Growth Trends: Wichita Fall's total population has remained approximately
V
at the same level since 1960. The city has experienced an increase in
k
29
civilian population since 1970, though not as rapid as other Texas cities.
Despite the increases in civilian population, total population of the
city declined from 1960 to 1980.^%ajor factors in the city's decline of
population were decreases in military personnel at Sheppard Air Force Base
and reductions in the patient population at the Wichita Falls State
Hospital.
According to the 1980 U.S. Census, Wichita Falls' total population was
94,201 living in an area of 31,953 acres with an average population density
of 2.95 persons per acre.
Major factors in the population growth of any city are measured by
birth rates, death rates and migratory rates. For Wichita County, the
13
birth rate was 26 births per 1000 population in 1980. By 1983, the
percentage of city's population younger than 20 years old has declined from
40.2% to 31.9% of the total population, while the number of elderly residents
has increased from 6% in 1960 to 11% of the total population in 198o.
Indicative of this, the annual death rate in 1980 for the county was 11.5
deaths per 1000 population, while in 1983 it decreased to 11.1 death per
1000 population.
1983 building trends show an increase in construction over the past
31
two years. Residential growth has been an important stimulant for increased
population, with most construction occuring on property affected by the
1979 tornado disaster. Further growth in industry, utilities and facilities
are essential for a continuing population increase.
fig. 2.5 Population Composition by Age and Sex 1980
Source: Comprehensive Plan Population Element
76+
88-74
60-64
56-59
46-54
35-44
30-34
26-29
20-24
16-19
10-14
6-9
AGE 0-4
MALE
projections: Wichita Palls population projections for the years 1990
and 2000 are based upon the Cohort-Survival Model. Because iimnigration
rates vary over a ten-year period, several different iimnegration rates
were used?' Analysis of trends since 1980 indicates that Wichita Falls
population has grown at a net immigration rate of between 0% and 1.0%.
At this rate, 1990 population in Wichita Falls will bebetween 98,310 and
108,140 persons and 2000 population in Wichits Falls will be between 103,200
33
and 124,000 persons.
These predictions, prepared each year by the Wichta Falls planning
Department in conjunction with the the Board of Commerce and Industry and
local utility companies, are used only as a general guide for determining
future development trends of land use, housing, facilities, utilities, etc.
However, these predictions could be altered by factors of industrial
development, city annexation and many other potential influences.
TABLE 2 .1 POPULATION PROJECTIONS
WICHITA PALLS
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
101,724 96,371 94,201 98,310- 103,150-
104,104 124,040
Source: Population Elements, p.16.
ECONOMIC TRENDS;
Historically, the city of Wichita Falls has had no problems with high
unemployment; in fact, the reverse has been true. The labor force until
recently has been lacking only in middle-income type jobs. This has been
15
due to the labor intensive, low-income nature of the industrial, oil field,
and retail jobs which have dominated the labor force.
Agriculture, which was the original stimulus for the development of
Wichita Falls, has become a minor industry. Now it is seen primarily as
family farming and as a form of retirement refuge. No growth is expected
from this sector.
The oil industry with its attendent metal working and related indust-
rial development has been fairly stable due to the age of the oil fields.
However, with the present oil shortages, new exploration and development
might well stimulate a resurgence of this industry.
With the city's proximity to the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and
Oklahoma City, wholesale trade is expected to remain constant. Retail
trade is expected to show steady growth, influenced by both the increases
in personal income and in population.
It is manufacturing where the greatest increases are expected to occur.
Due to dramatic increases of manufacturing in the Dallas-Fort Worth area,
manufacturers are searching the Southwest area for good, low-cost manufact-
uring sites with an adequate work force. While the Wichita Falls labor
force is virtually fully employed, it has shown the capacity to expand
as needed for an industry. With good utilities, adequate water supplies,
good rail and other transportation services, and a good climate Wichita
Falls has encouraged manufacturing development by the establishment of
an industrial foundation known as Industrial Development Incorporated,
supported by the Board of Commerce and Industry. This expansion of manu-
facturing is expected to have several effects. While Wichita Falls has
a university to train upcoming executives, it is expected that companies
will import much of their needed white collar workers. This will cause
an increase in the housing industry and related trades, as well as introduce
into the economic picture a substantial middle-class group. The net result
16
is that there will be „ore lo„-inoo.e and n,i.aie-inco»,e :obs and an
influx of new money into the comiunity, spurring retail sales. '"
GOVERNMENT:
City Government: Wichita F^TTo ^,.^^ *.
ichita Falls operates a council-manager form of govern-
ment. The Offices of mayor and councilmen are positions filled by persons
elected at large who receive a nominal salary of one dollar per year,
under the mayor and city council, the city manager is the administration
of the city. The planning commission and zoning board are responsible
for guiding and consolidatiing the city development, respectively. The
manager implements the policy decisions of the mayor and council on city
affairs and development.
fig. 2.6 City Government Organization
n
ni Mfl^on/^
—t I Ci»v MAMar. rri
COMN* s S ' 0 ^
l^-** C<1 f OE
Financial Structure: Texas is one of the five states nationwide that does
not levy personal, corporate nor payroll taxes. It does, however, levy an
annual corporate franchise tax for the priviledge of doing business in
the state. The franchise tax rate is $4.25 per $1000 of stated capital,
surplus and undivided profits. On personal and real property taxes, state
legislation established the overal framework in which these taxes are levied:
17
35
Financially, Wichita Falls appears to have a stable financial base.
At present, the local government maintains several sources of income.
Among these are state revenue sharing, sales taxes, property taxes based
upon a percentage of the actual property values, and fees for services
including water, sewer and garbage collections. Table 2.2 shows municipal
revenues and expenditures of Wichita Falls for 1983.^^
TABLE 2. 2 MUNICIPAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES
Total Operating Budget $37,302,580
Total Expenditures for Capital 3,208,922
Total Expenditures for Bond Retirement 4,737,147
General Obligation Bonds 19,153,000
Revenue Bonds 9,240,000
Total Tax Collections 12,699,852
Total Water, Sewer, Garbage Fee 12,093,000
Total Other Income 13,242,905
Source: Community profile of Wichita Falls 1983
LAND USE:
Current Land Use Policy: The City of Wichita Falls was the second largest
city in the U.S. without comprehensive land use controls. Prior to these
controls, the public sector relied primarily upon building permit review
and building code enforcement processes to regulate development.
Prior to the land use controls, the city used the Wichita Falls
Comprehensive Plan as a guide for growth. The new land use controls will
be consistent with the Wichita Falls Comprehensive Plan.
18
One of the major disadvantages Wichita Palls incurred in not having
a comprehensive zoning ordinance has been an inability to limit the extent
of development. To a degree this has resulted in a spawling pattern of
growth which is relatively expensive to service. The implementation of
a Comprehensive zoning ordinance, and its effectiveness, as it is implemented
within existing conditions, will be realized in the near future.
TABLE 2.3 AVERAGE CITY-WIDE LAND USE
Type
* Industrial/
commercial/
retail
* Public/semipublic
* Right of Way
* Residential
* Vacant land
Acres
1,586
5,704
5,708
7,294
12,050
% of City Total
5%
16%
18%
23%
38%
Total
31,712
100%
Source: Vacant Land Study, City Planning Dept.
land cover and Development: With average city blocks of 300 by 500 feet
in size and street widths of 60 feet, the total land within Wichita Falls
city limits is 31,712 acres or about 50 square miles.
•^ K mn fPPt deep would represent 10 residences
City lots 100 feet wide by 150 feet deep wo
4- wif^hita Falls' total area of 31,712
to a block with full development. Wichita
. iQ f;f^2 acres of developed land. This represents 62% of
acres contains 19,662 acres oi
nndeveloped or vacant land within the city limits
its total acreage. Undevelopea u
.. ^^148 or 32% of the total land area,
amounts to 14B or JS^^
19
The City of Wichita Falls has developed at random. Continuous growth
inside the city limits has been in a scattered pattern which gradually
filled the vacant areas left by earlier developments. Extensive development
occurs at certain sectors in the southwestern and southern city limits.
Limited growth and development occurs in the east and north (excluding
Sheppard Air Force Base) . Growth to the west has been slow.
20
endnotes
SIGNIFICANCE OP RECREATION
Theodorson, George A. and Achilles G. Theodorson, A Modern Dictionary
Of Sociology (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1969), p.337T ~~
2
Theodorson, p. 337.
3
urban-Rural Planning and Design Inc., Council Bluffs Open Space and
Recreation Plan 1974, p.6. ~ — —
4
Urban-Rural Planning and Design Inc., p.6.
5
Urban-Rural Planning and Design Inc., p.7.
RECREATION AND THE CITY
Gordon, Lori, "YAAC Ideas on the Greenbelt Area and Recreation Center"
Wichita Falls, 1985.
7
Myrick, Newman, Dahlberg & Partners, Inc., Parks, Recreation and
Open Space Element for Wichita Falls, Texas Executive Summary, 1983. p. 803.14.
The Pantus Report, 1983. p. 113.
9
Interview with Chris Marvel, April 17, 1985.
Myrick, p. 803.14.
Myrick, p. 803.14.
12
Myrick, p. 803.14.
"""Myrick, p. 803.14.
14
Myrick, p. 803.14.
"""^Myrick, p. 803.14.
Myrick, p. 803.14
17
Myrick, p. 803.14
^^"Project CITY" Rider Marketing and Distributive Eductation Department,
1984, p.l.
"""^Project CITY, p. 2.
^^Project CITY, p- 35.
21
Project CITY, p. 37.
^^Project CITY, P. 53.
23
Gordon, p• 2.
21
THE CITY
24
City of Wichita Falls, Community Profile, p.4.
25
City of Wichita Palls, General Plan, p. 1-1 to 1-7.
General Plan, p. 1-3.
27
General Plan, p. 1-1 to 1-7.
City of Wichita Falls, Population Element, p.l.
29
Population Element, p.l.
30
Community Council, An Introduction to Social Issuesiln'^ichita County;
The Human Servies Report, June, 1983, p.7.
31
City of Wichita Palls, Population Trends, 1984, p.3.
32
Population Element, p. 119.
33
Population Element, p. 10.
General Plan, p. 2-1 to 2-13.
35
The Pantus Report, p. 35.
"^^City of Wichita Falls, Community Profile, p.5.
22
DC
GOALS OBJECTIVES
GOALS OBJECTIVES
-To preserve and develop the optimum -Analyze, interpret and identify the
usage of natural resources in the natural resources and declare-their
area. optimum use for recreation and tourism.
-Protect the riverfront bank from the
damages of unplanned man-made develop-
ment.
-Provide easy and safe access to the
riverfront and recreational areas.
-To Provide an enhanced image of the -Unify, integrate and coordinate the
Big Wichita Riverfront.
-To enhance and improve the health
and quality of living in the area.
entire riverfront project into an
aesthetic, kinetic and perceptual
relationship.
-Create and develop riverfront land-
marks to serve as focal elements and
represent local and regional images.
-Minimize land, water, air and visual
pollution through landscaping.
-Reduce water and wind erosion of river
banks by providing vegetation, paved
areas, trails and other possible means.
23
GOALS
OBJECTIVES
-To provide for the interaction of
all age groups by stimulating and
encouraging contact.
-To serve as a youth center where
teenagers of Wichita Palls will
socialize.
-To act as a catalyst for redevelop-
ment and growth of downtown Wichita
Falls, particularly the River
Development District, and serve as
a model for the area.
-Integrate a variety of activities
without conflict to achieve a mutually
beneficial relationship.
-Adequately handle traffic and trans-
portation to and around site making
facility easily accessible to all age
groups.
-Integrate a variety of activities at
a convenient location not offered
presently in Wichita Falls.
-Secure a suitable environment to
reassure parents of their children's
safety and well being when using the
facility.
-Create a management system which will
coordinate implementation, provide
continuous planning, establish design
control and secure continuity.
-Provide necessary public attention
and serve as a guide for private
investors.
24
SITE ANALYSIS
site selection
Because of the social, cultural, educational and economic aspects involved,
the selection of the proper site for a community recreation center is of
primary importance. The following factors should be taken into account
1
in choosing the site:
1. Proximity to public transportation and availability of parking
facilities. Since the building should attract all kinds of
people, easy access to it is of prime importance.
2. Size of site. The site should be large enough to accomodate
the proposed building, any possible future additions, on-site
parking if required and desired and^outdoor activity space.
3. Visibility. The site should be easily seen and easy to find.
There should be adequate road frontage for the building and the
direveway entrances.
Bite objectives
Almost without exception, recreation areas require some type of
structure that will fulfill program activities and yet blend aestetically
into its surroundings. After selecting the particular activities in
2
accordance with community needs, the site designer should take great care:
1. To avoid conflicts or dangerous conditions in the juxtapositioning
of the various activities.
2. TO provide physical and visual barriers between the recreational
facilities and adjacent uses, such as residential or community
facilities.
3. TO provide adequate parking areas to accomodate both participants
and spectators.
25
4. TO provide proper access to the facilities for service and
maintenance.
«ite data classifications
According to Edward T. White in his book Site Analysis, in attempting
to organize the types of information necessary for an adequate analysis,
there are several headings that seem useful in classifying the data.
1. Location. This may include a state map and a city map showing the
location of the site in relation to the city as a whole.
2. Neighborhood Context. This presents the immediate surroundings of
the site for perhaps three to four blocks beyond the site boundary.
The map may show existing and projected uses, buildings, zoning
and any other conditions which may have an influence on the site.
3. Size and Zoning: This documents all of the dimensional aspects of
the site including boundaries, location and dimension of easements
and present zoning classification with all its dimensional impli-
cations (setbacks, height restrictions, parking formulas, allowed
uses, etc.) and buildable area (land available for the project
after all setbacks and easements have been subtracted). Analysis
should also document the present and projected zoning trends, plans
by the city transportation department to widen roads, and any other
trend that might affect our project in the future.
4. Legal. This category presents the legal description of the property,
convenants and restrictions, present ownership, present governmental
jurisdiction (city or county) and any other future projections
that may influence the project (such as the fact that the site is
in a future city urban renewal area or within the boundaries of
eventual university expansion).
5. Natural Physical Features. This includes contours, drainage patterns,
soil type and bearing capacity, trees, rocks, ridges, peaks, valleys,
26
pools and ponds.
6. Man-made Fe.atures. Documents on site conditions such as buildings,
walls, drives, curb cuts, hydrants, power poles, and paving patterns.
Off-site features may include characteristics of surrounding
development such as scale, roof forms, ferestration patterns,
setbacks, materials, colors, open spaces, landscaping materials
and patterns, wall forms and details.
7. Circulation. This presents all vehicular and pedestrial movement
patterns on and around the site. The data includes duration and
peak loads for surrounding vehicular traffic and pedestrian move-
ment, bus stops, traffic generators, service truck access and
intermittent traffic (parades, fire truck, routes, concerts at
nearby auditorium). Traffic analysis should include future pro-
jections insofar as they can be made.
8. Utilities. This category deals with the type, capacity and location
of all utilities on, adjacent to and near the site. Typical utility
types include electricity, gas, sewer, water and telephone.
9. Sensory. This documents the visual, audible, tactile and olfactory
apsects of the site. Typical issues are views to and from the site
and noise generated around the site.
10. Human and Cultural. Includes an analysis of the surrounding
neighborhood in terms of cultural, psychological, behavioral and
sociological aspects. This category deals with the activities,
himian relationships and patterns of human characteristics. Issues
here might involve population age, ethnic patterns, values, income
and family sturcture. Vandalism and crime patterns are also
significant in this category.
27
11. Climate, Presents all the pertinent climate conditions such as
rainfall, snowfall, humidy and temperature variations over the
months of the year. Also included are prevailing wind directions,
sun path and vertical sun angles as they change over the year and
potential natural catastrophes such as tornadoes and etc. It is
helpful to know not only how climate conditions vary over a typical
year but also what the critical conditions might be (maximum daily
rainfall, peak wind velocity, etc.).
architectu ral context
Project Overview: This site analysis will serve as a guideline for the
planning and design of a new community recreation center along Big Wichita
River in Wichita Falls, Texas. The proposed facility will contain approxi-
mately 150,000 gross square feet of space and the site will accomodate
approximately 500 cars.
Site Overview: The project site is located in the sector just north of the
original settlement of Wichita Falls. The property is part of the River-
front Development Dirstrict (RDD) and fronts a portion of the Big Wichita
River that rims across the center of the city from west to east. The
site is boimded on north by existing and projected single-family residental
development, on the east and west by existing commercial development and
projected RDD use; and on the south by the existing river.
The site is zoned RDD and contains approximately 19 acres of partially
wooded areas. With respect to true north, the land slopes from the northwest
towards the river at the southeast with grades varying from flat to 18%.
All required utilities are available and both the sensory and human aspects
of the site are positive.
Climate Overview: Texas' weather in the rolling plans of the Panhandle to
28
the Texas Praries is hot-arid, m Wichita Falls, the climate is market
by rapid changes in temperature, relatively short periods of extreme heat,
dry atmosphere and erratic rainfall. ^
summers are long and hot and the winters are on the whole relatively mild,
summer temperatures average between 80° and 90° during the three warmest
months from June to August. Minimum temperatures range between 65° and 75°
during this time. Maximum temperatures of over 100° are frequent during
the common long periods of hot weather. Winter temperatures can be consid-
erably cold. Readings fluctuate between late October and early April, the
cooler months. The average temperature for the coldest month, January, is
o
41 . Sub-zero temperatures occur in about one year in each five year period.
Precipitation is erratic. Over 75% of the annual moisture occurs during
the period from late March to mid-November; but three to four weeks of
dry periods are to be expected during this time, the driest during May and
June. The normal rainfall is 27 inches per year, most of it coming in the
form of showers rather than general rains.
Prevailing winds are southerly in the slimmer and northerly in the winter.
Wind speeds vary between 10 and 20 miles per hour during the day and below
10 miles per hour at night. Winds over 20 miles per hour might be dust
laden. Highest wind velocities occur at afternoons from the south, south-
east and southwesterly directions. There are frequent tornado alerts and
watches because the city lies on the western edge of the "tornado belt" the
covers Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Nebraska, Kansas, Louisiana and Mississippi.
Oklahoma City, 145 miles northeast of Wichita Falls, lies at the hear of the
tornado belt.
Constant humidity levels are maintained throughout the year. Morning
humidities average 80 to 90% andafternoon humidities drop significantly
to 50 and 60% averages. Humidity levels are high in late spring and fall
and on summer mornings, but drops during the worst heat of the summer. ^
29
diagrams
*****'*'\^.
^'\ WW*
• . * . » -••
i.
»•*<»•
K ANSAS ^V^^X,*-^^-^
%Colo,odoSpri,^,
Topckfl
Koirt*
CM;
^K ansas i
j lilhfwiCity
•t Wfc
•CHyo
pS K t .
— •—"T~.A^ fiiu»«io, ,spf;ng«.i<i \ ^ « r v
NEW MEXICO 7/ "^ -NfJopli- rcp^A * * ^ * ^ - « - ^ - —'
4 < . - , OKUHOMA [\^ _ _ _ ^ \ iL^.A^r ) J o * » ^
'^ TEXAS j . « - y „ , j, ^ r 5 ™ « . ^' /OI KAN 'S AS A i w < H « S S £ ? *
I .*«Hn. \ ^ ^•oklohomaGW V'-^V | J ^P»L "' ^^
1 I
O J U . i„ .A .
.UliUtock
•4
I N ol S f i r i nPa
I I P» Mf* .'
I J• _ . ^ _ — • W. 1
I •Dallas I L^I SI ANA
• *Ckfawaiinri
^^"JJ^OrUani
, y
U t t i l M I I » » W W * « « « « I M M > H » »
3L ' ^ '
Map 3.1 Location of the City in the State
.- - J^^^
,w.-t X.._
^
Map.
3.2 Location of the Neighborhood in the City
31
WTT' iiri . '<•/ V. ». IL_^-_.BJ-'•.--^'^ •, C
^ - ^ - - ^
»^^? ^^S a^^Fi t agi ^^^^f 1P^^
Map
3.3 Location of the Site in the Neighborhood
32
Map 3. 4 Si z e and Zoni ng
Map 3. 5 Legal
Map. 3.6 Natural Physical Features
Map 3.8 Ci r cul at i on
Map 3. 7 Man-Made Fe a t u r e s
Map 3.9 Utilities
Map 3. 10 Sens or y
120
11 n
190
90
80
70 •
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
" ^
/
—§—
/
f
i
/
4
~ ^
*
. -
^
X
N
\
=^—
\
V
\
<
— ' * —
w
/
's
. ^
•-^record hi gh
^ a v e r a g e hi gh
. -•average low
jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec
fig. 3.1 Temperature ( F)
5
4
— i ^
max precip.
in 24 hours
^normal mo.
precip.
jan feb mar apr may jun Jul aug sep oct nov dec
fig. 3.2 Precipitation (inches)
40
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
^^
' a v e r a g e
mor ni ng
h\ i mi di t y
Av e r a g e
a f t e r noon
--^ r ange of
c omf or t a bl e
humi di t y
J F M A M J J A
f i g . 3. 3 Re a l a t i v e Humi di t y (%)
S O N D
10
15
20
25
^° ' ^ F M A~^M J
f i g . 3. 4 Syk Cover ( days)
t r
Y
A s 0 N rr
100% o v e r c a s t
"50% o v e r c a s t
r ^" ^ c l e a r sky
41
5
6
7
Bam
9
10
11
noon
7
7
37
W
67
56
63
13
E
4
16
9
46
W
74
65
71
17
E
21
33
3
50
W
76
71
88
42
E
25
37
12
60
W
84
79
97
53
E
29
42
16
67
W
96
89
L04
65
E
32
45
17
68
W
99
92
107
73
E
31
44
14
64
W
95
87
105
67
E
27
39
11
59
W
87
78
97
53
E
18
31
6
52
W
78
68
26
37
E
in
21
3
43
W
70
61
75
27
E
5
8
37
W
62
59
ft
K
5
3
?4
W
58
58
9
F.
1
6pm
5pm
4
3
2
1
noon
M
A M J J A S
Table 3.1 Solar Altitude and Azimuth (degrees)
m
o
n
t
h

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
0
N
0
temperature
hi
86
89
100
101
104
111
111
115
107
101
89
87
lo
-5
6
9
28
41
51
55
55
41
33
18
8
avg r
a
i
n
(
i
n
)

1.1
1.3
1.6
2.6
4.5
3.1
2.0
1.7
2.3
2.9
1.5
1.4
humidity
im-7 pm-1
wind
di-
rect
N
N
S
S
SF
S
S
S
SE
S
S
S
spd
11
11
13
13
12.
12
10
10
10
10
11
11
sky
100%
14
12
12
12
11
6
7
9
6
10
10
12
cover
50%
6
6
8
7
9
11
10
7
8
6
6
7
cleai
11
10
11
11
11
13
14
15
16
15
14
12
degree
days
heat coo!.
Table 3.2 Weather Relationships (charts)
42
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
classifications of recreation
The activities for which facilities are usually developed in community
6
recreation centers fall into two major classifications described below.
*Active Recreation-Those activities which refresh the body and require
brisk quick actions and intensive bodily movement. This includes: children's
play area (with equipment), field play areas for young children, older
children/adult field sports activities, tennis-basketball and other court
sports, swimming, major boating activities, hiking-camping-horseback riding,
and native study and golfing.
*Passive Recreation-Those activities, on the other hand, which are
primarily intended to refresh the mind and require little physical involve-
ment. This includes: picnicking, passive water sports such as fishing,
rowing and conoeing, zoo's, arboretums, botanical gardens and outdoor
theatres.
The activity analysis that follows concerns itself with these two
broad categories of recreation and with user needs in terms of human
behavior and environmental psychology contexts. Those are action oriented
descriptions which avoid conventional references to spaces.
43
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human life cycles
All human societies have some concept of LIFE CYCLES, various stages
through which people pass as a function of biological maturation. Humans
are born, attain sexual maturity, and eventually die, just life other/
-7
animals. But life cycles are not inherent in nature, they are a human
invention. The reason is that they are a social, not biological, phenomena.
Although they are based on biological changes, the stages of the life
cycle are changes in social status. The terms for these stages-infant,
8
child, adolescent, adult and senior citizen are ascriptive statuses.
9
These terms are the products of human invention, part of language.
10
Infant: At this state, the younger explorer is discovering his five senses
and creating basic primitive patterns of recreation to the world. His
attention is primarily one-to-one with the parents, but this is declining
as recreation programs for infant and young children are increasingly
being developed.
Child: At this time, the child's attention shifts from his newly acquired
motor skills to more artifical, formal, and goal-oriented behavior regulated
by television, school and toys. The socialized child must be dealt with
according to his problems inherent with their background. The poor,
middle-class, and rich child generally all have different ideas of life's
purpose and must be lead in a positive direction each in his own context.
At about eight years of age, the child is starting to be recognized for
his own personality. He relishes new organized group activities often
following a scaled down model of society's pastimes (i.e. football games,
little league baseball). Often these activities are overemphasized and
isolation can affect those who do not participate.
45
Adolescent. TMs is , ti„e when experimentation is often tried without
concern for consequences. so„e tend to be confused b, societ,.s expect,-
tions Of What they should conform to. Sexual desire is be,in„i„, and peer
pressure strong, A few tr-x? ^-r^ c-i-^ i. •-, ^
y A rew try to stay children, others try to play adults.
12
Young Adult:- Sexuality fully blooms, and independence from family ties
involve a change of life style. Often unsure of their future and lack of
understanding of themselves and others, sometimes question their adulthood,
soon more goal oriented fun and recreation take place. Some go to college,
some join communes, but most go to work, settle into trades and begin to
lock into a pattern of prepared leisure. Family life soon becomes a reality
for many, and recreation and leisure is spent as a group. Material goods
are more readily available and many career goals have been met. Being
a family adult is quite an adjustment though, and occasional professional
help is sought to help bring back the adult's individual identity.
13
Older Adult: The older adult usually experiences a change in life in a
mental condition. Self analysis of their lives is brought on by boredom,
physiological changes, slights at work, and the realization that one may
never achieve all the goals and commitments made. By retirement age,
leisure life styles are modified by awareness and acceptance of physical
and financial limitations. A great deal of leisure time is spent preparing.
Travel affords new challenges and enjoyable interest before total leisure
is forced upon the elderly because of physical reasons. The activity of the
older adult varies widely, depending on health, region of the country, ect.
Table 3.4
STAGE AGE
infant birth to 18 mo.
child 18 mo. to 13 yrs.
adolescent 13 yrs. to 20 yrs.
adult 20 yrs. to 65 yrs,
enior citizen 65 yrs. to death
s
Stages in life-span development
Source: Essentials of Psychology and Life 10th edition P. 167
46
Indoor activities
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
USERS:
Handball, Racquetball, Squash
Game pits competitors (2) together in a
game of extreme hand-eye coordination.
Short exertions of peak physical energy.
Point game, no time limit.
Usually 15-35 years of age. Singles (1),
doubles (2) or triplets (cut throat).
LOCATION:
Near dressing areas, showers and lockers.
Spectator viewing on some courts.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY
1 to 3 hour sets by reservation
low: Weekdays 8am-llpm; lpm-5pm
high: Weekdays llam-lpm; 5pm-l0pm
Saturday 8am-l0pm
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
USERS:
Basketball*
To toss a round ball through a netted hoop
twice the size as the ball. Jimnping ability,
eye to hand coordination and physical
endurance required.
All ages ranging from one to eight players
for half court and 10 players (5 each team)
for full court.
LOCATION:
Near dressing rooms, shower and lockers.
Spectator viewing on some courts.
TIME SPAN/ FREQUENCY
1 to 3 hours satisfies most players.
Regulation 8-15 minute quarters or 24-30
minute halfs.
*Indoor/Outdoor
47
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Stickball, Hockey, Soccer*
To score by placing ball in opponent's
goal. Considerable team sport-can be
played on roller skates.
USERS:
Children to young adults. Prom 12 to 22
participants. '
LOCATION:
Near toilet, locker room, seating area,
control area, dressing
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y came pl ay i s us ual l y 1 1/2 hour time peri ods
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Weightlifting
To tone and condition body muscles through
physical exertion and repetitive motion of
free weights and/or machine weights.
USERS:
Individual use. Class use (groups).
Competition use: 1 lifter, 1 to 5 judges,
2 holders, spectators and other competitors.
LOCATION:
Near control area, lockers, showers, sauna,
exercise area, water fountains.
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y g^ch s e t of e xe r c i s e s : from 5 t o 15 mi nut es.
Total workout: From 1 to 2 hours average.
*Indoor/Outdoor
48
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE;
USERS:
Gymnastics
To develop and train the muscles such that
control and coordination over body movements
is achieved. Individual goals are to compete
and excel in areas such as balance beam,
floor exercise, horizontal bars, etc.
Young children to early adult,
in some dance activities.
Older adults
LOCATION: Near spectator viewing, water fountains,
storage areas, dressing/locker rooms.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY
Team uses and competitive meets.
workout.
1 hour
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
USERS:
Volley, Badminton
Play an opponent in a match of eye to hand
coordination by keeping (ball/birdie) in
play over a high net by not letting it
touch the floor surface.
Older children to adults.
Volleyball: Teams of 6 preferred
Badminton: One on one or doubles.
LOCATION:
Near toilets, control, locker, water fountain
T I M E S P A N / F R E QU E N C Y 30 mi nut es t o . ho ur s, p o i nt , a„ e not t i „ ed.
49
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Wrestling
To struggle hand to hand with an opponent in
an attempt to throw or force him to the
ground without striking blows.
USERS:
Teenagers to young adult in group of two.
LOCATION:
Near lounge, showers, dressing & Locker
area. Some observation nearby.
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y Matches approxi mat el y 5 t o 15 mi nut es.
Daily use-maximum use on Saturdays.
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Roller*/Ice Skating
To control body balance over rolling and
ice footwear.
USERS:
All ages. Individuals and groups.
LOCATION:
Near Multi-purpose floor, control area,
lobby, toilets and locker areas.
TIME SPAN/ FREQUENCY ^aiiy use.
average.
Se
ssions: 1/2 to 1 1/2 hours
*Indoor/Outdoor
50
ACTI VI TY
Showering
PURPOSE:
A bath in which the body is cleansed
with fine streams of water from small
jets to rejuvenate the body's energy and
refresh the mind.
U S E R S : All age groups.
L O C A T I O N : Near lockers, dressing, drying, sauna,
toilets.
T I M E S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y Fron 5 t o i s minu tes.
ACTI VI TY Drying
P U R P O S E : ^^ remove excess water from skin t i ssue.
U S E R o : j^-^1 agg groups.
LOCAT I ON: ^ear lockers, dressing, sauna, t oi l et s
showers.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY ^ ^^ 15 i^mutes.
51
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Dressing
To prepare for social appearence,
on and take off clothing.
To put
USERS:
All age groups. Participants in sports/
recreation activities that want to change
clothing before and after.
LOCATION:
Centrally located near showers, lockers,
and drying areas and toilets.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY
5 t o 15 mi nut es.
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Clothing, Equipment Storage
To temporarily store personal belongings
in secure place.
USERS:
Private personal space for each male or
female.
LOCATION:
Near dr es s i ng, shower and drying areas
and t o i l e t s .
T I ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y u^^t t ur nover every 1/2 hour t o 3 hours
aver age. Daily us e.
52
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Sauna
To relieve muscle tension and relax the
user. Cleanse the body by increasing
block circulation to cause perspiration.
USERS:
Adolescents to older adults. From one to
six persons.
LOCATION:
Near showers, dressing, lockers, drying,
toilets and whirlpool.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY ^^°^ 5 to 20 minutes.
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Whirlpool/Spa
To relax body muscles with water movement
after exercise or for therapy.
USERS:
Male and female
LOCATION:
Near men's and women's dressing rooms.
Possible indoor/outdoor use.
T I ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y 5 t o 6O mi nut es. Oal l y use.
53
ACTI VI TY
•' * ' ' ' Excr et i on, def i cat i on of body wast es.
PURPOSE:
To relieve the body of all unusable
physical body matter.
USERS*
" One person per unit. Accomodations for
handicap.
LtJVi/A i lUlN. Near dressing rooms, lobby/lounge areas,
multi-purpose courts, and administrative
areas.
T I ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y l t o lO mi nutes average. 1 t o 4 t i mes
da i l y.
A CT I VI T Y Ja ni t or i a l / Cus t odi a l
P U R P O S E : To remove d i r t or i mpur i t i es i n making
cl ean. To br i ng back t o normal.
U S E R S : St aff or employed personnel .
L O CA T I O N : ^^^^ s t or age, r est r ooms, outdoor ar eas .
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY i to 8 hours daily.
54
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Waiting
To pass or kill time until visitor can
be met with director or other person.
Relaxation area.
USERS:
Visitors-community users, business
associates.
LOCATION:
Near reception, lobby/lounge, public
toilets, offices, entry and parking
area.
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y 15 minute wai t i ng maximum. Sam t o 5pm
weekdays. Daily use.
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Typing
To put on paper in legible format meeting
notes, agenda, letters, etc.
USERS: Usually female, young to older adult.
LOCATION:
Near reception waiting area and toilet
facilities.
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y 8am-5pm weekdays. Daily use.
55
A CT I VI T Y Conversing, Li s t eni ng, Tal ki ng, Teaching
PURPOSE:
To communicate ideas from one part to the
next.
USERS:
Groups of 2 t o 15 peopl e.
L O CA T I O N : Near r ecept i on, wai t i ng, coffee bar ,
toilet facilities, offices.
T I M E S P A N / F RE QU E N CY 8am-5pm weekdays. Daily us e.
A CT I VI T Y Art s and Craft s
PURPOSE:
Mental pr ocess of cr eat i ng a physi cal obj ect
from an i dea.
U S E R S * ^^^ ^"5®^' °^'^®^ adul t s t o small chi l dr en.
LO CA T I O N - N^^^ P^^^^"" r est r ooms, vending, phones,
UV<>V/rt • l obby a r e a , s t o r a g e .
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY Daily: sam-iop.
56
ACT I VI T Y Lounging
PURPOSE:
Relieve tension through relaxation of
mental and physical energy.
U S E R S : All ages and sexes.
L O C A T I O N : Near control desk, toilets, lobby,
concessions and game room.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY AH hours daily.
ACT I VI T Y vending
PURPOSE'
runi-K^wu.. ^^ ^^^ ^^^ drink and replenish the
body's nutrients.
U S E R S : All ages and sexes.
LOCATION : »-- ""7,Vj°£i'. '^° ""'"' """''
purpose f l oor ar eas .
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY AII hours daily.
57
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
USERS:
Table Tennis
To keep ball in play on rectangular table
surface by striking it with a paddle over
a net which divides the table surface
equally.
All ages, 1 to 4 players. Daily use.
LOCATION:
Near hameroom, toilets, lobby/lounge,
concession/vending,
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y poi nt game not t i mes. 10-20 minutes
a game average.
ACTIVITY Pool/Billiards
PURPObt. rj,Q },nock balls in one of six pockets on a
flat table surface by first striking a
neutral ball with a cue stick to initiate
directional movement of player's ball to
pocket,
USERS: Teenagers to older adults.
LOCATION: Near game room, refreshments, toilets,
lounge,
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y Not a time l i mi t game. 5-25 minutes
average per game.
58
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
USERS:
Video Games
To establish eye to hand coordination to
stretch the imagination to other worlds
and thoughts.
All age groups.
LOCATION:
Near toilets, convession/vending, lounge.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY Peak hours
3pm-l0pm.
A C T I VI T Y Joggi ng, Walking
PURPOSE:
To increase cardiovascular efficiency
by moving along at a slow, steady, jolting
pace or trot.
U S E R S : All ages. Mostly young adult to older
adult,
L O C A T I O N : Near mul t i -purpose cour t s , dr essi ng rooms,
wat er f ount ai ns , t o i l e t f a c i l i t i e s .
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y 1/2 hour t o 2 hour s, usual l y ear l y morning
and l a t e aft ernoon t o eveni ng.
59
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Dancing
Strong social and often emotional contact
between male/female partners. Releases
emotional tensions and feelings.
USERS:
All ages. Greatest enjoyment among
teenagers to older adults.
LOCATION:
Near public toilets, lobby/lounge, kitchen
area, storage.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY
1-6 hours. Maximvmi use on weekend
evenings until 2am.
*can be used separately from athletic
facilities after noirmal working hours.
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
General Exercise
To improve cardiovascular efficiency and
muscle tone. To develop eye, hand & foot
coordination,
USERS: Al l a g e s .
LOCATI ON:
Near dressing rooms, water fountains,
toilet facilities, storage.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY 1/2 hour to 2 hours. Daily use.
60
ou taoor activities
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Parki ng
To accomodate variety of transportation
vehicles in temporary storage.
U 3 E R S : 1 to 200 automobiles moving at one time,
L O C A T I O N : one node can be near mail facility
(within 250') and another at outdoor
fields and courts.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY 7am-12 midnite daily.
A CT I VI T Y Running, Walking, Jumping Climbing
P U R P O S E : Exerci se t o benef i t body and mind wi t h
va r i e t y of exer ci s es . Body movement as
t r a ns por t a t i on.
U S E R S : Usual l y an i ndi vi dual a c t i v i t y.
L O CA T I O N : Near shade, r e s t and refreshment ar ea.
T I M E S P A N / F RE QU E N CY Earl y mornings and l a t e aft ernoons unt i l
eveni ng.
61
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Softball/Basebal1
Hit ball with bat to advance runners
around designated base paths. Complete
rotation scores run.
USERS:
Baseball: Boys 8-15 yrs.
Softball: 16 yrs to older adult.
LOCATION:
Near water, storage, toilets, seating,
night lighting.
TI ME S PA N / FRE QU E N CY Late spring thru early Fal l .
Weekdays: 5pm-ll:30pm
Weekends: 8am-ll:30pm
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Swimming/Diving
To propel body through or into water by
floatation control over body.
USERS:
Al l ages.
LOCATI ON:
Near water, storage, toilets, dressing.
Shower/drying, control area.
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY naiiy
Summer: ^|ani-10pm
Wi nt er: Sam-Spm
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
Soccer
To kick ball into opponent's goal.
USERS:
All ages. Mostly children 6-17 yrs.
Parent participation high 18-40 users.
LOCATION:
Near storage, toilets, spectator area,
water and parking.
TI ME SPAN/ FREQUENCY Spring/Fall Leagues.
Weekdays: 4:30-l0pm
Weekdays: 8am-l0pm
Game 1 to 2 hours.
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE;
Football
To keep possession and move ball across
designated area (end zone) for score.
One group (team) against another.
USERS:
Mens League-Flag
Womens League-Flag
Boys League-Flag and Tackle
11 players on each side=22 players
LOCATION:
Near toilets, spectator area, water and
parking.
TI ME SPAN/ FREQUENCY weekdays: 5pm-ll:30pm
Weekdays: 8am-ll:30pm
Game 1 to 2 hours.
63
ACT I VI T Y Tennis*
PURPOSE:
USERS:
To battle an opponent for challenge,
exercise and point victory.
All age groups
Singles (one player each)
Doubles (two players each)
L O C A T I O N : Near water, parking, toilets.
TI ME S P A N / F R E Q U E N C Y Dai l y: 8am-12pm
12pm-12 midnite
1 1/2 reservation periods.
ACTI VI TY
PURPOSE:
USERS:
LOCATI ON:
TIME SPAN/FREQUENCY
* i ndoor / out door
64
SPACE SUMMARY
Growth in the scope and complexity of the recreation program has created
a need for buildings which will provide facilities adapted for a wide
variety of recreation activities. Unlike many of the early structures,
present day buildings provide for adaptability and multiple use. This
change from the simple to the complex has stimulated the development of a
variety of recreation buildings. These are classified by function then
categorized by size.
The community recreation building functions beyond the primary purpose
15
of serving a single neighborhood. It is designed to offer a more diversified
program in order to meet the complete recreational needs of all people in
the community. The community building is normally larger than a neighborhood
building and is usually located in a major recreational area such as a
16
community park or playing field.
As stated earlier, community recreation buildings vary in function
and design (as is the case here) but, generally they contain most of the
spaces described on the following pages. The space summary segregates
areas determined by projected occupancy limits, statutes and conventions.
The STimmaries are grouped into like spaces.
65
indoor spaces
SPACE
ACTIVE RECREATION
Multi-Purpose Courts
Spectator Seating
Storage
Aquatic Swimming Pool (50m)
Diving Tank
Pool Deck/Spectator
Equipment Room
Attendant's Office
Pool Storage/Janitor
Pool Toilets
Machine Weights
Free Weights
Bag Room
Storage
Handball/Racquetball
Squash
Central Issue and Storage
Sport Shop
Lockers/Dressing
Shower Area
Drying Area
Toilets
Sauna
Janitorial Storage
Mechanical Room
Dance/Exercise Room
Multi-Purpose Room
Mat Room
Storage
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
7980
920
400
6976
1890
4658
500
150
150
300
1250
1250
200
300
900
1200
200
200
2300
200
200
400
100
100
3000
3600
1800
1800
200
31,920
3,600
1,600
37,200
6,976
1,890
4,658
500
150
150
600
14,924
1,250
1,250
200
300
3,000
7,200
2,400
330
200
10,130
4,600
. 400
400
800
200
6,400
200
3,000
7,200
1,800
1,800
400
11,200
66
SPACE
UNITS UNIT AREA TOTAL AREA
Ice Skating/Hockey (200'85'rink) 2
Shoe Change, Storage and Spectators
Skate Rental/Repair 1
Concessions 1
Roller Skating
Shoe Change, Storage and Spectators
Skate Rental/Repair 1
Concessions 1
Dancing 1
Dancing 1
Concessions 2
Restrooms 2
Office 1
Total Indoor Active Recreation
3600
4250
250
200
15000
6000
250
200
2000
2000
200
200
120
7,
4,
15,
6,
43
2
2
4
134
,200
,250
250
200
,000
,000
250
200
,150
,000
,000
400
400
120
,920
,124
PASSIVE RECREATION
Lobby/Lounge
Public Restrooms
Check-in-Desk
Office
Director's Office
Office Storage
Gameroom
Conce s s ion/Vending
Multi-Purpose Room
Multi-Purpose Room Storage
Kitchen
Kitchen Storage
Club Room/Storage
Arts and Crafts Room
Photography
Storage
Nursery
Library/Quiet Area
Senior Citizens Area
Total indoor Passive Recreation
TOTAL INDOOR RECREATION
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1200
200
150
150
175
150
2000
200
3000
100
400
100
500
500
120
100
1125
600
300
1,200
400
150
150
175
150
2,225
2,000
200
3,000
200
400
100
5,900
1,200
600
120
100
1,125
600
300
4,045
12,170
146,294
67
ou tdoor spaces
SPACE
UNITS UNIT AREA TOTAL AREA
ACTIVE RECREATION
Tennis
Football/Soccer/Lacrosse
Basketball/Volleyball
Softball
Children's Play Area
Total Outdoor Active Recreation
4
1
6
3
1
7200
93,100
4,700
75,625
30 ,000
28,
93,
28,
226,
30
,800
,100
,200
,875
,000
406,976 or
9,33 acres
PASSIVE RECREATION
Amphitheatre
Bicycle trails
Walk/jog
scenic Area
Outdoor Games(horseshoes, etc)
Outdoor Picnic Area
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Parking
146.294 sf T 300 sf/car =487,64 or 488 cars
68
SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Stru ctu ral
All structural systems shall conform to the requirements of the Uniform
17
Building Code.
The multi-purpose courts, swimming enclosure and handball/racquetball
courts shall be free from interior columns. The handball/racquetball courts
shall have no structural elements project into the playing enclosure.
Structural elements in or near the pool area shall be corrosion resistant.
The structure beneath the ice skating area shall be thermally isolated
from other portions of the building structure. The structure shall be
designed to allow expansion and contraction of the ice skating surface and
structure without impinging on other structural elements. The roller
skating structural floor shall be acoustically isolated to prevent the
transmission of structure borne noises produced by roller skates.
The structural floor under those areas where free weights and weight
machines are shall be designed to withstand the impact loads resulting from
the use of such weights.
mechanical
Control of humidity in the locker areas, indoor sports facilities,
pool area and ice skating area will be of prime importance.
The capability for a one hundred percent exhausting of return air from
18
steamy and odor producing spaces shall be provided. The mechanical system
for the swimming pool enclosure shall have a variable intake system to
allow for up to 100% outdoor air to be utilized,'^ Mechanical elements
serving the swimming pool and exposed to the action of salts used in water
treatment places shall be non-corrosive?° Air velocities in those spaces
occupied by wet persons shall be designed to avoid chilling due to high air
1 .^. 21
velocities.
69
The mechanical system for dining and other food establishments shall
be designed to handle the extremely variable loading conditions. The food
preparation areas will produce high odor concentrations and high sensible
heat gains due to gas, steam and electrical appliances. The unbalanced
loading conditions between the food prep areas and the dining areas should
be handled in an efficient, economical manner. Conditions in the kitchen
should not affect the comfort and convenience of the patrons in the
22
establishment,
Spaces containing an active space and a passive space shall have a
mechanical system designed to handle the high, local sensible and latent
23
heat gains resulting from strenuous exercise.
The mechanical system serving the pool, locker areas, individual
sports and movie theatre may expect unchanging design conditions throughout
the life cycle ofthe installation,
Solor power as an energy source should be considered and offered at
least as an alternative.
plumbing
All plumbing systems shall be designed in accordance with the National
24
Plumbing Code.
Plumbing systems serving the swimming pool shall be designed to with-
25
stand the corrosive chemicals employed as water treatment agents. The
system shall be designed to allow for future loads arising from changing
uses.
electrical
All electrical systems shall conform to the NationaOlectrica^^ode
26
and appropriate sections of the tmiform Building Code.
I«,e general lighting areas shall be divided into zones and provided
With rheostats for econo-cial lighting control! Lighting in locker roo„s ,
70
showei:s,.pool enclosure, and other high moisture spaces shall have
sheilded, vaporproof light fixtures.
power supply outlets, switches and all other electrical connections
in high moisture spaces shall be located away from wet floor areas and
mounted a minimum of four feet above the floor,^%ower supply outlets
shall be liberally supplied and shall furnish both llOv and 220v power.^°
Flourescent lighting and stage lighting will require 227/480v power supplies.
Movie projectors will require 45v direct current and will require a motor
31
generator with that output.
The electrical system shall be designed with ample reserve capacity
to handle future loads resulting from changing tenant uses.
life safety
Sprinkler systems shall be provided and designed according to related
articles os UBC.
Fire detection and alarm systems shall be designed in accordance with
the appropriate articles in the UBC. Sprinkler, fire detection and alarm
systems shall be automoatic. Each system shall provide a display monitor
in the administrator office with an automatic relay to the fire department.
The systems shall be sectioned to allow for rapid identification of zones
of the emergency. Each system shall be designed to allow periodic testing
to insure readiness.
A security intruder alarm system shall be provided for after hours
control of the facility. The system shall be designed to allow each space
to have a separate circuit to allow for rapid location of the point of
entry. A monitor shall be provided in the administrator office. The
alarm shall be a silent sensor type and shall give warning in the admini-
strator office only.
71
Table 3.5 Recommended Finish Schedule for General Areas
Rooms
Floors
Walls
Ceilings
Entrance vestibu le .
Lobby, Lounge . .
Corridors. ..
Offices
Activity,class,
club rooms
Child care room. .
Mu ltipu rpose room.
Crafts rooms . . . .
Storage
Service areas . .
Toilets .
a
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1
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S .2
2 1
2 1
2 1
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
Source: Time Savers Standards, p. 679,
1,2,3 = order of preference
Table 3.6 Recommended Finish Schedule for Sports Areas
Ruums
Floors
Walls
Ceilings
ci -=
Natatonum
Shower rooms . .
Locket rooms
ToilBt'> . •
Offices, lounge . . .
Gymnasium.
Multipurpose room
Dance, exercise rooms
fittiEs: studio . . .
Storage . .
Source
C
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2
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72
COST ANALYSIS
introdu ction
The intent of the cost analysis is to provide the client with a future
oriented, all-inclusive summary of construction costs. The preferred
method is on a per square foot unit cost basis of a standard reference.
The figures quoted below are indicative of the cost per square foot of
other recreation centers and were based on building cost systems as indicated.
bu ilding cost summary
Active Recreation
Multipurpose Courts
Aquatics
Weightlifting
Handball/Racquetball
Lockers/Dressing
Dance/Exercise
Skating
Dancing
Square feet Sq.ft.
37,200
14,924
3,000
10,130
9,600
11,200
43,150
4,920
134,124
@ $24 sf = $
@ $61 sf = $
@ $27 sf = $
@ $27 sf = $
@ $27 sf = $
(3 $27 sf = $
@ $35 sf = $1
0 $27 sf = $
@ $32.52 $$
Cost
892,800
910,364
81,000
273,510
259,200
302,400
,510,250
132,840
,362,364
Passive Recreation
Lobby/Administrative
Gameroom/Multipurpose
Club Room/ Arts
2,225 @ $27 sf = $ 60,075
5,900 @ $27 sf = $ 159,300
4,045 @ $27 sf = $ 109,215
12,170
$27
$ #28,590
Total Indoor Recreation:
146,294 @ $32.06 = $4,690,954
project cost summary
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Building Cost
Fixed Equipment (8% of A)
Site Development (15% of A)
Total Construction (A+B+C)
Site Acquisition
Movable Equipment
Professional Fee (6% of A)
Contingencies (10% of D)
Administrative Costs (1% °^fl.^^, ...
Total Budget Required (D + E through J)
$ 4,690,954.00
375,276.32
703,643.10
$ 5,769,873.42
n/a
375,276.32
281,457.24
576,987.34
57,698.73
$ 7,061,293.05
Source: Problem Seeking, Pena.
73
DETAILED SPACE LIST
The standards used for determining the size requirements of recreation
buildings are usually based on a square-foot-to-population ratio. This
32
may be determined by allowing 1 to 2 square feet per person to be served.
For example, if the building is to serve 8,000 persons, it should be
approximately 12,000 sq. ft. in size. This footage ratio may vary where
cities build one center to accomodate the entire population, as in the
case in Wichita Falls. Because there are no public indoor recreation
facilities in the city, the size requirement ratio for the propossed RCRC
was increased.
74
indoor spaces
FACILITY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Multi-Purpose Courts
31,920 sf.
Competitive basketball, indoor tennis
volleyball, badminton, gymnastics other
sporting activities. Basketball should
be primary shape determiner.
One to 48 each court.
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIRE
di mensi onal :
access/ space groupings:
l i ghti ng:
ot her:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
MENTS:
Net assignable space recommended: 125 sf/
person=6000 sf. Gross assignable space=
7980 each. 50'x94' courts w/10' unobstructed
space around court (7o'xll4') 10' perimeter
can double as indoor running track
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
irect acess to lobby/lounge, and observation
area. Adjacent to locker rooms, check-in-desk
Ambient: nonglare protected fixtures at 35
footcandles (fc) natural light (nonglare)
Electric space dividers, non-slip flooring
One scoreboard each court; two retractable
basketball goals each; two court separators
four tennis nets & hardware; four volleyball
& hardware; four badminton & hardware
Observation Area
4,480 sf
Comfortable seating for spectators, visitors
etc. to view activities 1 to 320 each
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
1 t o 320 each
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
3,5 to 4 sf/person. Net assignable space
dimensional: recommended: 3.5 X 320+1120 sf each court or
4480 sf total
access/ space groupi ngs: ^ ,
Direct interaction w/Multxpurpose Courts
non enclosed space from multipurpose courts.
lighting: Ambient: 35 footcandles
Other:
F U R N I S H I N G S / E Q U I P ME N T ^gi^g^oping or por t abl e bl eacher s each
cour t
75
FACI LI TY:
_ , -. ^ _ . _, General Storage
FLOOR AREA ..
FUNCTI ON:
400 sf.
Storage area for various sports items/portable
furniture
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
restricted to facility personnel 1-3
persons
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS:
d i me n s i o n a l : Desi gner ' s di s cr et i on- Net assi gnabl e space
400 sf. each
acces s / s pace groupings:
Enclosed space adjaced to Multipurpose Courts
lighting: internal control; Ambient: 30 fc
^^"®''- High impact floor
FURNI SHI NGS/EQUI PMENT
storage racks for smaller items
FA CI LI T Y: Dlving/Swimming Pool
FLOOR AREA 12,750 sf (75- x i7o' )
FU N CT I O N : Pool t o be used year round by a l l age groups.
Swim meets, classes, games can all be held
at pool. Pneumatic roof cover gives flexi-
bility of summer/winter use
N O . O F O CCU P A N T S : Maximum i n pool : 150
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS:
.. . ^ 1 . Pool includes 7 lanes(75'x52') for competition
Dimensional: Depths: 3'-9" At shallow end-14" at diving
end. Pneumatic roof or equivalent must have
ceiling height of 44' over diving tower
acces s / s pace groupings:
Near bathhouse and mechanical area. Orien-
tation should take advantage of max. sunlight
lighting: Night lighting: 60 fc at water level
other:
FU RN I S H I N GS / E QU I PM E N T - L di vi ng tower (5m, 7,5m & 10m); 1 3m spr i ng
board; 1 Im spring board; 7 racing takeoffs;
electronic timing panels
76
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA ^°°'^ ^^^^ ^^^ spectators
FUNCTI ON:
Suntanning, viewing, relaxing
NO. OF OCCUPANTS-
" ' ^ I o . Maximum 800
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS:
d i me n s i o n a l : Permanent seat i ng near compet i t i on
a c c e s s / s p a c e gr oupi ngs:
Direct access to lockers/dressing areas,
pool, adjacent to equipment room
l i ght i ng: ., . -, , . ^^.
•" " Nat ural l i ght i ng
ot her :
FURNI SHI NG S/ EQUI PMENT p . ^, , >. . i .
Por t abl e c h a n s , bl eacher s , l i f eguar d
chai r s
r A GI LI T Y: Water Fi l t r at i on/ Equi pment Room
FLOOR AREA ^QQ , f
FU N CT I O N : General space for a l l mech/elec and
plumbing euqip.
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: ^^^- ^
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS:
d i me n s i o n a l : ^' "^^'^ ^^^^^^ cl ear ence
access/space grou pings: . ^ ^ , ^ .,
Chemical tanks are outside.
Exterior entry into space -only.
l i ght i ng: Ambient: so fc
other:
FURNI SHI NGS/EQUI PMENT ^^^^ ^^^_ ^^.^^^^ ^ . ^ ^ ^^^^^ „ „ , ,
water pump; filtering equipment and
ventilation fans
77
FACILITY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Attendant's Office
150
Controls all visitors into pool area.
Handles towel rental, pool changes, valu-
ables check, etc.
NO. OF OCCUPANTS- ^n. ^^ ^
sj. Qng to four employees
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
dimensional: ^et assignable space: 150 sf; ceiling
ht: 9'
access/ space groupings:
Access to pool/diving and locker/dressing
Direct access to outside
lighting. Natural lighting desired; Ambient: 50 fc
Omer. waterproof flooring
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
1 light control panel; 10 employee lockers
work counter; work stools, cash drawer;
under counter storage for oxygen and
first aid
FACIL ITY: . n c. /T •.
Pool Storage/Janitor
FLOOR AREA
150 sf
FUNCTION-
stores all necessary cleaning products,
equipment for pool area. Towel storage
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: one
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
. , 9' ceiling ht min. Net assignable area:
di mensi onal : ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^._ 150 gf.
access/ space groupings^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^
rooms
lighting: Ambient: 30 fc
QH]Qf l non-slip low maintenance floor
FURN I S HI N GS / E QUI PME N T^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ shelving, work counter
and cabinets
78
FACILITY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Pool Toilets
600 sf
Relief or excretion of body waste
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Max: 5 each
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
di mensi onal :
Net Assignable area: 300 sf each
access/ space groupings:
l i ght i ng: Ambient: 30 fc-wat erproof
O t nS r : Nonsllp f l oor i ng
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Mirrors, towel dispensers and waste
disposal/floor drains
Men: 2 urinals, 1 toilet; 1 he toilet; 3 lavs
Women:2 toilets; 1 he toilet; 3 lavs; 1 sanitary
napkin dispenser
Machine Weights
1250 sf
Space to house/operate many universal and
nautilus cable/pulley weight machines
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Max: 20-30
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
Athletic Institue recommends min of 2500 sf
di mensi onal :
for weight lifting. Area will split w/free
weight area net assignable area: 1250 sf
ceiling ht: 12 feet min.
access/ space groupin
l i ghti ng:
ot her:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
^acent to enclosed area W/free wt, area
and Locker rooms
Internal control. Ambient: 50 fc
Mirrors on all walls
Vertical & horizontal weight machines,
bulletin boards, bicycle erogometers
79
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTI ON:
Free Weights
1250 sf
More advanced s competitive weight training
environment
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: varies. Max: 20
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS:
di mensi onal : ^^^ assignable space: 1250 sf.
Ceiling ht: 12 feet min.
access/space grou pings:
Adjacency to machine wt. room and locker
rooms
lighting: internal Control. Ambient: 50 fc
Other:
FURNI SHI NGS/EQUI PMENT
Weight platforms, benches, bar stands,
weight stands, seating
FACI LI TY: Handball/Racquetball Courts
FLOOR AREA 7200 sf
FUN CTI ON : TO play games of racquetball & handball on
a competition quality facility.
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: 1 to 4 players
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUIRE^MEfJJ^. ^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^,^^^, ^^,^^,
dimensional: celling ht. Net area: 800 sf Gross
area: 900 sf
.access/space grou pin^sj^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^g^ ^^^^^
door at back wall. Courts.near locker rooms.
linhtlnn- ^^5^ impact non-glare ceiling fixtures
ligniiriy. (recessed) ambient 70fc
other: wood floor required. Non-glare white surfaces
FURN I S HI N GS / E QUI PME N Tfor walls & ceilings
Locker(s) outside each court; glass walled
courts; 1 bleacher/bench to seat min. 20
80
FACILITY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Squash Court
2400 sf
Space to play sport of squash in quality
environment
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: 1 to 4 players
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
j:-_^_„i_„_,. Regulation court size: 25'X45' (double
OimenSIOnai. ^^^^^^ ^^^ 20- ceiling ht. net area:
1125 sf; gross area: 1200 sf
access/ space groupings:
Adjacent to racquetball courts. Entry
through flush door.
Iigniing, Ambient: 70 fc, nonglare, recessed, high
ot her: impact.
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT ^°°^ """""^ ''^'^''^' """^^^^^^ ^^^^^ waii/ceiiings
Locker(s) outside court; glass rear wall;
Seating for 20
FACILITY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Central Issue and Storage
330 sf
Space for issue, storage and repair of
equipment. Also handles towel service for
locker/dressing rooms.
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
From 1 to 4 employees
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
, Net assignable space: 200 sf; gross area:
dimensional: 33^ ^^
access/space grou pings:
Enclosed area with direct access to check-
in desk and gym floor
lighting: internal control. Ambient: 30 fc
• Other: Large door opening to court floor area
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT^^^^^^^^ cabinets, work counters and sink,
electric air pump, first aid storage
81
FACILITY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Lockers/dressing (men's and women's)
460 sf (2300 sf each)
Store users belongings during activities
Dressing area so user can prepare for
activities s change back into street clothes.
Max: 100 each
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
dimensional- l^ sf/occupant; Net area
Gross area = 2300 sf
= 2000 sf
access/ space groupings:
Area should be grouped w/shower area,
<i^ying area, and toilets.
^' w^ter vaporproof fixtures; Ambient: 30 fc
Other: Task lighting over mirrors/sinks: 70 fc
FURN I S HI N GS / E QUI PME N T f r ™n t ^f^^P^°°f floor (carpet preferred)
vHwii mi-IN I trequent fresh air changes by mechanical
Men: 100 lockers (12"12"X6' w/shelf); bench
seating; mirrors full length; towel waste
dispensory; 10 sinks w/mirrors/ 10 soap disp.
CTA/ ^i i i T \ / ^ towel disp, ; 2 waste disp. 4 hand dryers
r A O I L I I Y: Women: Same as men
PLOOR AREA shower Area(men's and women's)
FUNCTION:
400 sf (200 sf each)
To cleanse and refresh the body
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: Max: 10 each
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
di mensi onal :
9 sf/occupant; net area 90 sf; Gross area
200 sf each; ceiling ht: 9' max.
a c c e s s / s p a c e grOUpIgg^^:^^^^^^. ^^^^ ^^^^_ Adjacent to drying
area, t oi l et s and locker room.
r ht i nn' Water vaporproof fixtures. Ambient 30 fc
Other:
FURN I S H I N GS / EQUI PMEN T*^^^ equipment must be non-corrosive shower
nozzles, soap holders, shelf, drain, seating
space, dhower rod & curtain
82
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTI ON:
Drying Area
400 sf (200 sf each)
Remove water from body. Semi-private
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: Max: l o
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS:
d
. . , Designer's discretion. Space must accomodate
mensiona : J. ^- 4-. ., . •^•
standing or seating; drying positions;
Net area: 200 sf; ceiling ht: 9'
a c c e s s / s p a c e gr oupi ngs:
Adj acent t o s hower s , l oc ke r room, and
t o i l e t s
l i g h t i n g : wa t e r vapor pr oof f i x t u r e s ; Ambient 30fc
o t h e r " Non- s l i p moi s t ur e pr oof f l o o r w/ dr a i ns
FURNI SHI NG S/ EQUI PMENT 4 wallmounted blowdryers 6' a.f . f .
bench seating, shelves, towel hooks &
waste dispensers
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTI ON:
Toilets(Men's and women's)
800 sf (400 sf each)
Elimination & excretion of body waste.
Privacy required
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Men-Max: 12
Women-Max: 7
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS
di mensi onal :
Net area: 400 sf; Ceiling ht: Min. 9'
must meet handicap cope requirement
. a c c e s s / s p a c e g^OUpi n^^S :^^^^^ p r i v a t e a r e a . Adj acent t o l oc ke r
room, shower a r e a and dr yi ng a r e a .
l i g h t i n g : wa t e r vapor pr oof ; Ambi ent : 30 f c
QlY^er. 30 a i r c h a n g e r s / h r . ; n o n - s l i p f l o o r
F U R N I S H I N G S / E QU I P M E N T Men: e - i n a l s ; 4 t o i l e t s ; 1 he t o i l e t
Women: 4 toilets; 1 handicap toiJ-eu
83
F ACI LI TY: Sauna(Men' s and Women's)
FLOOR AREA ^nn .i= nno ^
200 sf (loo sf each)
To cleanse body through perspiraton process
with increased heart rate and block
circulation
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Max: 6
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS:
dimensional: Accomodations for six W/a combination of
sitting & standing & lying. Net area:
100 sf; Ceiling ht: 7'8"
a c c e s s / s p a c e groupi ngs
En( Inclosed space r equi r ed access t o l ocker
room
lighting: Ambient: 15-30 fc
other* Wood wall, ceiling and slat floors; allow
FURNI SHI NGS/EQUI PMENT " " ^ °" "^"^""^' "^ ' ' " " ' " " ^ ^
220 V heater, benches
F ACI LI T Y: j a n i t o r i a l Storage
FLOOR AREA 200 sf (lOO sf each)
F UNCT I ON: Storgage of cl eani ng mat er i al and suppl i es
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: Max: 1
ENVI RONMENTAL REQUI REMENTS:
, Net space: 100 sf each
di mensi onal:
a c c e s s / s p a c e gr OUP' ng^l ^t ed near each l ocker room wi t h access
possible to Lobby/Lounge from one
lighting: Ambient: loo fc
• " Internal control
other: waterproof flooring
FURNI SHI NGS/EQUI PMENT
Shel^7ing u n i t s , mop r ack, sl op smK
84
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Mechanical Room
3000 sf
Houses all mechanical/electrical and
plumbing equipment and facilities
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Max: 4
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
dimensional: Designer dlscreatlon; Net area: 3000 sf
access/ space groupings:
Should be located with access to exterior
,. . ^. for equipment maintenance
l i ghti ng:
Ambient:70 fc
Other:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT ""'""^ ' " " " " " ^ ' ' °°' ' " " "^ ' ' °°" ' " " ' " ^
Telephone circuit board; hot water heater/
boiler; electric control panel/ air blower
units; cooler condensing units
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTI ON:
Lobby/Lounge
1200 sf
Main distribution and interaction area of
building. Should be the user's first
impression of the facility
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Min: 1; Max: 40
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
Net area: 30 sf/occupant=1200 sf;
di mensi onal :
access/ space groupings: ^ ^ . . .
Must have access to all major areas m
facility. Separation of lounge/lobby is
desirable.
Natural lighting w/overhead lighting. Dramatic
effect. Lounge:-50-70 fc Lobby: 30 fc
Low maintenance flooring
l i ght i ng:
ot her:
FURN I S HI N GS / E QUI PME N T Lounge furniture for 10, television, pay
telephones, water fountains, display case
bulletin boards
85
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Public Restrooms (1 men, 1 women)
400 sf
To provide visitors, spectators, and groups
a place to place freshen up and eliminate
body waste
Min: 1
Max: 4
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
dimensional: Designer discretion. Must meet all handicap
requirements. Net space: 175 each; Gross
space: 200 sf each
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
access/ space groupings:
Direct access to Lobby/Lounge
l i ghti ng:
ot her:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTI ON:
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Ambient: 30 fc ; Waterproof fixtures,
internal control
Low maintenance floors
Men: 2 toilets (Ihc), 2 urinals, 3 lavs,
1 towel/waste bin, mirrors; Women: 4 toilets
3 lavs, 1 towel/waste bin; 1 san. napkin
disp., mirrors
Check-in-Desk (Control)
150 sf
Visitor check-in point for reservations,
equipment use, towel service, cash payments,
and general info. Control point for facilty
supervision,
Min: 1
Max: 2
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
Work stations at counter for two people;
dimensional: Net space: 150 sf; Celllng ht: 8'-l0' min.
access/ space groupi ngs:
Enclosed space w/visual contact to all
adjacent spaces. Should be-near storage
room, office and lobby/lounge
lighting:
Ambient: 70 fc; Task over counter 100 fc
ot her :
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
Work counter w/ cabinets below, work charis,
telephones, cash drawer, file storage,
lighting control panel
86
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Office
150 sf
Work area for assistant director, possible
expansion area for check-in desk
Min: 1
Max: 2
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
di mensi onal :
Net assignable space: 150 sf
Gross: same as net
access/ space groupings:
Adjacent to check-in-desk
l i ghti ng:
ot her:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
Ambient: 100 fc
Acoustically superior flooring
Desk, moveable chairs, waiting, file,
telephone
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Director's Office
175 sf
Efficient work space for director to do
paper work, conduct interviews, and relax
comfortably
Min: 1
Max: 3
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
Net space: 150 sf
dimensional: Gross space: 175 sf
access/ space groupi ngs:
Private enclosed space w/ direct access
l i ght i ng:
ot her:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
to waiting area
Natural lighting desired. Internal control.
Ambient: 700 fc; Task: 100 fc
Exterior view desired w/adjustable screening
1 desk, work chair, waiting charis,
credenza w/ files, telephone
87
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Office Storage:
150 sf
Storage area for paper stock w/small coffee
bar & copy machine
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Min: 1
Max: 2
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
di mensi onal :
Designer discretion. Net space: 150 sf
Gross space: same as net
access/ space groupings:
Access to reception/waiting area and
., . _ offices
lighting: internal control; Ambient: 50 fc
°''^®''' Water required for sink area
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
Shelving, coffee bar, dbl. sink, copy
machine, half refrigerator
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTI ON:
Gameroom
2000 sf
This area is for socializing congregating,
and participating in games
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Min: 1
Max: 40
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
Table tennis and pool table(s) are main
determiners in size and shape of space.
Net space: 2000 sf, ceiling ht: 12 ft, min.
di mensi onal
access/ space groupi ngs:
Adjacent to Vending/Concession and Lobby/
Lounge
lighting: Natural lighting desired. Ambient: 70 fc
• ' Waterproof flooring. Water service to
Other: machines
FURNI SHI NG S/ EQUI PMENT . . ^,. . •
4 poopl tables (5'XIO'), 4 table tennis
(portable), 4 46' card tables & charis;
8 lounge charis, 8 video games
88
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Conce s sion/Vending
200 sf
Houses machines to buy food and drink
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Max: 4
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
di mensi onal : Equipment arrangement will determine size
typical machine size: 42"x29"x79"
access/ space groupings:
Adjacent to gameroom and lobby
l i ghti ng:
ot her:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
Dollar bill changer, candy, food s drink
Ambient: 50 fc
Water service to machines
machines
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTI ON:
Multi-Purpose Room
3000 sf
Area houses social gatherings that require
large group space. Dancing, art show, etc.
NO, OF OCCUPANTS:
Min: 1
Max: 300
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS: ^^ ^
should be able to use after normal working
dimensional: hours. Celllnt ht: 12' min. Space can be
divided into 3 1000 sf areas by space dividers
access/ space groupi ngs:
l i ght i ng:
ot her :
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
rect access to Lobby/Lounge, restrooms,
kitchen and storage
Ambient 5-50 fc; adjustable internal control
Natural lighting desired
Wood floor(maple) or equivalent dance surface
1 stereo receiver and amplifier, 6 speakers
suspended, coat cabinets, chairs, tables,
chalk boards
89
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Multi-Purpose Room Storage
200 sf
To store all unused equipment from
multi-purpose room
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Max: 2
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
d i men s i o n a l - Designer' ' s di s c r e t i on for conf i gur at i on
c e i l i ng ht : 8' min.
acce
ss/ space groupings
Di i
l i ghti ng:
other:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
irect access to multi-purpose room
Ambient: 30 fc, internal control
Low maintenance flooring
See Multi-purpose Room "Equipment"
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Kitchen
400 sf
To adequately provide space for the prep-
aration, cooking and serving of refreshments
.for social groups in the multi-purpose room
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Min: 1
Max: 8
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
Space to accomodate enough equipment to
serve groups as large as 50. Counters should
be a min of 8-10 feet apart.
di mensi onal :
access/ space groupings:
Direct access to multi-purpose room with
serving counter inbetween
liahting: Ambient: lOO fc, internal control
other' Low maintenance floor
F U R N I S H I N G S / E Q U I P M E N T D e e p fryer, commercial over, dishwasher, ice
machine, 3 tray sind w/garbage disp,,
microwave oven, toaster, mixing center,
refrigerator/freezer, counter top grill, stove
w/ ventahood
90
FACILITY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Kitchen Storage
100 sf
Store kitchen utensils S equipment
NO. OF OCCUPANTS: Max: i
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
dimensional: ^^^ space: loo sf
access/ space groupings:
Direct access to kitchen
lighting: Ambient: 30fc, internal control
other: 3' door entry
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
Shelving
ou tdoor spaces
FA CI LI T Y: Tennis Courts
FLOOR AREA
To accomodate tennis enthusiasts in a
competitive quality environment Sports
Organization is United States Lawn Tennis
Association
N O . O F O CCU P A N T S : ni n: 2 each cour t
Max: 4 each cour t
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
. Playing court 36'X78' plus at least 12'
UimenSIOnai. clearance on both sides or between courts
in battery and 21' on each side
Recommended grouns space: 7200 s.f. min.
access/ space groupings:
Orientation of long axis is to be north-
south adjacent to water fountain.
lighting: overhead lighting 70 fc
other' ^'^'^ court surfaces must be concrete, with
'^« .ir-^i iii-.»>ii-M-rP3^otective color coating. Drainage: 1" in 10'
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT^
-10' fencing with windscreens on all sides
except in battery groups.
1 net with posts, *water fountains at every
court battery
91
FACILITY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Softball Fields
Team competition in softball. Mens league
Sports Organization: Amateur Softball
Association of America.
Max: 20-35
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
dimensional- Baselines: 55', Pitching distance: 38'0"
Recommended ground space: 75,625 s.f.
(1.7 acres)
access/ space groupings:
Orientation:
l i ghti ng:
other:
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENT
Pitcher should be throwing
across sun and the batter is not facing it.
Overhead, loo fc
Turf outfield. Sand infield. Level baselines
and home plate,
1 home plate, 3 adjustable bags and hardware
1 backstop 25' behind homeplate, 2 bleachers
(seat 50)
FACI LI TY:
FLOOR AREA
FUNCTION:
Soccer Fields
To accomodate the growing sport of soccer in
the United States. Sports Organization
National Collegiate Athletic Association.
NO. OF OCCUPANTS:
Max: 18, all age groups
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
Regulation size: width: 195'-225'; length:
dimensional: 330'-360'; lO' unobstructed boundary all sides
Recommended ground space: 93,100 s.f,
*Fields can be shortened for younger
participants by moving goal posts
access/ space groupings: „ , ,
"^ Orientation is for the long axis to be north-
l i ghti ng:
Other:
west-southeast to suit the -angle of the sun
in the sun in the fall playing season, north-
overhead lightingf 100 fc
Optimal grading in a longitudinal crown with
FURNISHINGS/EQUIPMENTf ^I °P^ ^f^"* ^ f ^^J ^° ^ f ^ \ . ^
rwrii^iv^i ••«••'-•»-" •- 2 goal posts and nets; automatic water
sprinklers, 2 bleachers (seats 50)
92
endnotes
SITE ANALYSIS
1
DeChiara, Joseph et ai rn-
New York: McGraw-Hill' i.. . ^ T ^ ""^ Standards for Building Types,
ij-ii, inc, 1980, p, 67^!
C £ i i l ' 1 n d ' e d i t i o n , T ^^^_^° PP^1— Urban Planning and Design
Community Profile, p.4.
4 ^
The Fantus Rennr-h , p. 108-112.
5
The Fantus Report, p. 112.
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
6
Council Bluffs, p.6,
S Co'!'''l980)',T204,^'''' ^° ''" ^' ''''''' ^° ^i"l ^^"^l^'"^ (Boston: Little Brown
8
Wright, p,204,
9 .
Wright, P.204.
10
Rapoport, Rhona, et.al. Leisure and the Family Life Cycle (Boston-
Routledge and Kegan, 1975) , p.34-44. "" ~
11
Rapoport, p.34-44.
12
Rapoport, p.34-44.
13
Rapoport, p.34-44.
14
Time Savers Standards, p. 697,
15 „.
Time Savers Standards, p. 698,
Time Savers Standards, p, 698,
SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
17
Uniform Building Code,Whittier, California: International Conference
Of Building Officials, 1982.
18
Fourth Annual National Facilities Conference, College and University
Facilities Guide: For Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Athletics
(Washington D,C,: Anerican Association for Health, Physical Education, and
Recreation, 1968), p,170.
"""^shrae Applications (New York: ASHRAE Inc, 1978), p,4,7,
'^College and University Facilities Guide, p.172.
93
21
ASHRAE Applications, p.4.7.
22
ASHRAE Applications, p. 3.3,
23
ASHRAE Applications. p,3,3,
24
National Plumbing Code Illustrated, (Florida: Manas Publications, 1980).
25 ,,
College and University Faciltjes Guide, p,172,
26 , ,
National Electrical Code (Boston: National Fire Protection Association,
1980) .
27
College and Universtiy Facilties Guide, p.170.
no
College and University Facilties Guide, p.170.
29
College and University Facilties Guide, p.170.
College and University Facilties Guide, p.170.
-3 1
DeChiara, Joseph et.al. Time Savers Standards for Building Types, p.918.
DETAILED SPACE LIST
32
Time Savers, p.697.
94
[ ^
0
c
This program is a compilation of all pertinent information necessary to
design a community recreation facility along the Big Wichita Riverfront in
central Wichita Falls, Texas. It has implications beyond acedemic fulfill-
ments, since the city is in such need for a facility of this type. The
Riverfront Community Recreation Center is only one small part of a larger
master plan of the Riverfront Development District,* and should serve as
impetus for making the re-development of downtown Wichita Falls a reality,
FINDINGS
The following is a summary of the findings which are conclusions drawn
on the basis of analytical study of prevailing conditions in Wichita Falls,
* Although Wichita Falls is a major urban center for a 12-county region,
it has little to offer by way of public recreation facilities. It is
the only major city in the state of Texas without any type of public
recreational facilities.
* The City of Wichita Falls spends only $8,00 per capita on public
parks and recreation, and opposed to the national average of $18,25.
* A majority of the community has misconceptions of what a recreation
center is.
* YMCA, YWCA, junior and senior high schools, and Midwestern State
University are currently being used as public recreation facilities,
and their use is limited,
* The Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan (TORP) for 1985 identified eight
priorities for recreation needs in Wichita Falls, and of these,
swimming pools, basketball courts, softball fields, soccer fields
and trails were cited as most needed,
* A recent survey conducted by several Marketing and Distributive
Education students at Rider High School revealed two significant
statistics. First, when asked what would most benefit the city, the
95
number one response given was a Recreation Center for the youth.
Secondly, when the respondants were asked what would be the first
thing they would do if they were in charge of ruiming Wichita Falls,
the top answer was once again a Teen Center for the youth.
The Youth Activity Advisory Council (YAAC) formed fiiring this time
and is now serving as a voice for the youth on the City Council.
YAAC's input has raised an awareness for the needs of public rec-
reation facilities in the city and the Parks and Recreation Department
has appointed them to help promote a facility of this type,
* The Parks and Recreation Department is proposing within their five
year plan, among others, three indoor recreation complexes, a six
field athletic complex, a wave pool, and two Olympic swimming pools.
PROPOSALS
The following are highlights of the proposals made in the program,
* The area's natural beauty and resources are proposed to be preserved
and developed by declaring their optimum use for recreation and
tourism,
* An aesthetic, kinetic and perceptual relationship of the entire
riverfront project is proposed by unifying, integrating and coordinating
a master plan of the RDD.
* Major recreational and cultural facilities of unique character are
proposed to be developed at strategic locations inthe RDD. Such
developments would enhance the quality of life in the planning area
and would project its enhanced image. The overall attraction of
these facilities could generate significant tourist interest and
substantial economic benefits.
* A Riverfront Commiinity Recreation Center is proposed to serve as a
youth center where teenagers of Wichita Falls will socialize. A
variety of activities at one convenient location not presently offered
in Wichita Falls is proposed.
96
* A Recreation Center that will provide for the interaction of all
age groups is proposed by stimulating and encouraging contact.
By integrating a variety of activities without conflict, the
achievement of a mutually beneficial relationship will occur,
* A Recreation Center that is flexible in use is proposed by providing
for additional storage and keeping single-purpose space at a minimum.
97
APPENDIX A
103
APPENDIX B
5.1 GE^ERAL AREA REQUI REMEN TS FOR GAMES AN D S PORTS
5. 1 Gener al Ar ea Requi r ement s for Games and
S por t s
Area requirennents for popular games and sports are shown
in the accompanying table.
Activity
Archery
Badminton
Baseball
Basketball (men)
Basketball (women)
Bocci
Bowling (lawn) *
Box hockey
Box lacrosse
Clock golf
Cricket
Croquet
Curling
Deck tennis
Field ball
Field hockey
Football
Handball
Hand tennis
Horseshoes (men)
Horseshoes (women)
Ice hockey
Lacrosse
Paddle tennis
Polo
Quoits
Roque
Shuffleboard
Soccer (men)
Soccer (women)
Softball
Play area (feet)
Length; 90-3 00
Single; 17 x 44
Double; 20 x 44
Diamond; 90 x 90
Minimum; 42 x 74
Maximum; 50 x 94
45 X 90
18 X 62
One alley; 14 x 100
4 X 10
Minimum; 60 x 160
Maximum; 90 " 200
Circle; 20-24 in
diameter
Between wickets; 66
30 X 60
Between hacks; 138
Single; 12 x 40
Double; 18 x 40
180 - 300
Minimum; 150 x 270
Maximum; 180 x 300
195 ^ 300; plus end
zones
20 ^ 34
16 - 40
Between stakes; 40
Between stakes; 30
Minimum; 65 x 165
Maximum; 85 x 200
Minimum; 210 >• 450
Single: 16 x 44
Double: 20 x 44
Maximum; 600 ^
960
Between stakes; 54
30 ^ 60
6 ^ 52
Minimum; 150 x 300
Maximum; 300 x
390
Minimum; 120 x 240
Maximum; 180 x
300
Diamond; 60 x 60
Total area
Dimensions
50 (minimum) x 450
(maximum)
25 x 60
30 X 60
300 X 300
(minimum)
350 X 350 (average)
60 X 100 (average)
55 X 100 (average)
3 0 X 80
120 X 120 (eight
alleys)
16 X 20
85 X 185 (average)
3 0-foot circle
420 X 420
30 X 60
14 ^ 150
20 X 50
26 X 50
210 X 340
200 > 350
(average)
195 X 480
30 X 45
25 ^ 60
12 X 50
12 X 40
85 X 185
(average)
260 - 500
(average)
28 X 70
32 X 70
600 X 960
25 X 80
30 X 60
10 X 64
240 > 360
(average)
200 X 320
250 > 250
(minimum)
Square feet
1,500
1,800
90,000
122,500
6,000
5,500
2,400
14,400
320
15,725
706
176,400
1,800
2,100
1,000
1,300
71,400
70,000
93,600
1,350
1,500
600
480
15,725
130,000
1~,960
2,240
576,000
2,000
1,800
640
86,400
64,000
62,500
Number of
players
2
4
18
10
12-18
2-4
3 2-64
2
14
2-8
22
2-8
8
2
4
22
22
24
2 or 4
2 or 4
2 or 4
2 or 4
12
24
2
4
8
2 or 4
4
2 or 4
22
22
20
-12t
LAYOUT OF GAMES AN D S PORTS ACTI VI TI ES : RUN N I N G TRACK 5. 2
Activity
Speedball (men)
Swimming (pool)t
Competitive
Synchronized
Table tennis
Tennis
Tether tennis
Tou ch football
Volley ball
Water polo
Play area (feet)
Minimum; 160 x 240
Maximum; 160 x
360
75 X 45
165 X 7
50 meters x 45 feet
5 x 9
Single; 27 x 78
Double; 36 x 78
Circle; 6 in diameter
160 x 300
30 X 60
55 yards x 15 yards
X 6 feet
Dimensiot
180 X 300
180 X 420
12 X 20
50 X 120
60 X 120
20 X 20
175 X 330
50 X 80
Total
is
area
Square feet
54,000
75.600
4-8 lanes
4-8 lanes
240
6,000
7,200
400
57,750
4,000
Number of
players
22
2 or 4
2
2 or 4
2
22
12-16
5.2 Layout of Games and Sports Activities
Ru nning Track and Football Field Layouts of a running
track and a footbal l field are shovi/n in Figures 5 1 and 5.2.
Field and Track Layouts for the high jump, javelin
t hrow, pole vault, combination long jump and triple jump,
discus t hrow, and shot put and hammer throw are shown in
Figures 5,3 through 5.8.
Baseball Suggested layouts for a baseball diamond and
for home and pitcher's plates are shown in Figures 5 9 and
5.10.
600 02'
324.02'
-STAH7 LINE - START LINE lOOTD.DASH
I20TDHDLS - ^°°°°
lis' 360.00'
287 31'
^-
Figu rc .5.1 A ^^O-yard running track
START 8 FINISH LINE FINISH LINE
440 «HD 04SH 100 YARD DASH
440 YARD HURDLES 120 YARD HURDLES
440 a B80 YARD RELAYS 220 YARD DASH
1/2,1,2,3 8 6 MILE RUN 220 YARD HURDLES
12.-.-
|nj«r i i (« f i i Lo 400'*
Tunr
Figure 5.9 Baseball diamond
Figure 5.10 Layout al home and pitchers plates.
- 4 2 8 -
Softball
l.A\ Ol T OF G\MKS WD SPORTS ACTIMTIKS.- SOFTBAI.l. .",.2
TURF
Figure 5.17 Softball 12-inch field layout. BACK STOP
VC" .6"i-i" 6
FIRST BASE LINE
•- ' Figure 5.18 Layout at home plate.
-43 3 -
LAYOIT OF GAMKS \ M) SPORTS ACTIVITIES; BALLFIELDS .5,2
Combi nat i on Bal l fi el d:
Figure 5.20 Multiple softball fields combined with optional touch
and flag football.
415'|MIN.
L^^>=J_J1
Figure 5. 21 Baseball and football.
Figure 5.22 Multiple baseball, softball, and football.
- 4 3 5 -
Tennis A layou t for two tennis courts is shown in Figure
5.23.
"TI
^0S T- -,
1 l^'-°-
1
1
zr-o"
2 I - 0"
ANCHOR POST
•a
\
m\ Z l ' - O'
l V - 0 -
"? "«
t
SIDE LI NE lOOUBLESl-
8IDE LI NE ( S I W O L E S ) -
CEN Tt a S'EHVIC'E,
"^ t l N E -
1 *NCMOR POST
CENTER
MARK
71^
Figure 5.23 Tennis courts
lA
MALL. IRON CAP
WI NCH BOLTED
TO POST
(CABLE CLAMP
AND HOOK
BOLTED
TO POST
AT OTHER
E^4Dl
STANDARD GALV
•I STEEL POST MIN.
2 469" I.D.2.875' OD
CONCRETE I250WI
Figure 5.24 Tennis net and post details.
STRAP
1" CLR
GALV. STEEL GROUND
\ STAPLE, BENT.
CONCRETE 1250011
OIA
Figure 5.25 Anchor footing.
-436-
I A^Ol T OF r, VMES WD S PORTS ACnVI TI ES : HAMDBALL 5. 2
Handball A layout and an elevation for a handball court
are illustrated in Figure 5.3 5a and b.
<-
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1 ! - - - ^ ^ ^
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Z S ' - O' ^ T O^ OF TWO COURTS
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20' - 0"
2 4 ' - 0 '
END OF WALL - SINGLE COURT
CONST JOINT - COURTS IN BATTERY
— I 1/2" LINE, PAINTED WHITE,RED OB YELLCW
Figu re 5.35 One-wall handball court: (a) plan; (6) elevation.
- 443-
LAYOUT OF GA.MES AN D S PORTS ACTI VI TI ES : MULTI PLE RECREATI ON COURTS 5. 2
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nianninq and design only. For final layouts and design investigate current rules and regulations of tfie atFiletic organization or other authority whose standards
preliniinary P'a
D.C.
Basketball. Badminton. Volleyball. Pool, and Billiards 29
HI G H SCH_ 0_
2Ll : i E' ±! L_ ^ ' * ' ' °" I NSI DE SI DELI NES
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B A S K E T B A L L C O U R T
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WI DE
6 ' MI N I MU M y i
C L E A R A N C E - K , I
(L\ 0
t*=^
S E R V I C E ,
A R E A A T . ^
E A C H E N D
C E I L I N G
2 0 ' MI N
3 ' MI N P O S T
4' M A X
D I M E N S I O N S F O R B I L L I A R D S A N D
P O C K E T B I L L I A R D S
T YPE OF TABLE
ENCSLISH ( SNOOK ER 1
STANDARD POOL OR BILL.
STANDARD POOL OR BI LL.
STANDARD POOL OR BILL.
JUNI OR POOL
JUNI OR POOL
PLAVI NO
SURFACE
W.
S' -O"
S'-O"
4' - 6"
4' - 0"
3' - 6"
3' - 0"
L.
l2' - 0"
lO'-O"
9' - 0"
S' -O"
7' - 0"
S' -O"
TABLE
SI Z E
W.
S' -9"
5' - 9"
5' -3"
4 ' - 9 "
4' - 3"
3' -S"
L,
l2' - 9"
IO'- 9"
9' - 9"
B' -9"
7' - 9"
6' - 9"
V O L L E Y B A L L
U S V B A S S O C I A T I O N . R U L E S A N D G UI DE
U.S. Vol l ey Ball Associ ati on: dimensions for unoffi ci al
games. Court may be varied t o suit players, (for
chi l dren and the less agile) . Mi n. clearance 3 ' - 0" . See
page on womens sports.
B A S K E T - I S" DI A M E T E R
H E I G H T E L E M E N T S C H U S E
9 ' H E I G H T J UN I OR H S
I O' H E I G H T H. S. A N D C O L L E G E
T A B L E H E I G H T 2 ' - 6 " ±
O U T D O O R
2 0 T O 3 0 ' R
I N DO O R
15' T O 2 5 ' R
Vj R A DI U S
O F C O U R T
4 ' RA DI US
] X T A R D S ( P O O L )
G O A L - H I C r - ' J R T
i l L L I A R D S A N D P O C - l * . ^ '
iiLLiARD CONG RESS OF AMER' - * - ^ ^^^^ and design only. For final layouts and design investigate current rules and regulations of the athletic organization or other authority whose standards
ij
This information
will govern.
„ (or preliminary planning a
harles F D. Egbert, AIA, ArcW
,i,ect, Washington,
D.C
RECREATION
^
Football: Regu lar, Six-Man.Soccer, Ru gby; Lacrosse and Handball
(OOTBALL
kjonal Football Leagu e ( NFL) ORIENTATION
htlonal Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAAl = Footbal l Rules
S I X - M A N F O O T B A L L
l 3 r - 4 " I 4 0 ml
6 5 - 5 " 119.925 m)
- 2 " _ 6 5' - 5" n9. 925 m)
15 cm)
16 m)
PLACE FOR SUBSTI TUTI ONS
—l o
HANDBALL FIELD
3 3 0 ' - 0 " M A X 3 00' - O" MIN
18' - O" —
^
TT
I t
3 e o ' - O " MAX. I RECOM. ) 3 3 0 ' - O" MI N,
Xpv<
•V
GOAL
AREA
\
^j f c
CORNER FLAG S
5' - O" HI OH
HALFWAY LINE -
3 0' - 0" RAQ
" G OAL LINE
TOUCH LI NE-
PENALTY
KI CK MARK
^
3 0 ' - 0 "
HAD
3 ' - 0" RAD
CORNER Ki CK AREA
•:^^
SOCCER
Ameri can Soccer League
Nort h Ameri can Soccer League
NCAA = Soccer Rules
LACROSSE
Amat eur At hl et i c Uni on (AAU) = Field Hockey-Lacrosse Guide
t -- -
plIP
r
A
5
1^
i
TEAM
HANDBALL
GROUND LI NE -
S OCCE R
I B' - 6"
b
1
0
. •
L
r U
IT
0.
0
CM
Z
5
0
1
- ^ J l
NET SLOPES
DOV/ N. BACK
AND IN
FROM SI DES
DEPTH 7 - O"
L ACROS S E
'information is for preliminary planning and design
'sovern.
only-
por final layouts and design investigate current rules and regulations of the athletic organization or other authority whose standards
'IBF,D. Egbert,AI A, Architect, Washington,
D.C.
RECREATION
Baseball and Softball
31
1 ST 2 N D . a
3 R D . B A S E S
FOUL LI NE
HEI G HT OF
PI TCHER' S
MOUND r - 3 '
ABOVE FI ELD
STANDS OR FENCE 2BO
MI N FROM HOME PLATE
ALONG FOUL LI NES
D E T A I L O F P I T C H E R ' S M O U N D
BASEBALL D I A M O N D
NOTE
This information is for preliminary pian-
/ \ / ning and design only. For final layouts
N ^ ' / ^ g ' ^ ^ o ^ ^ ^ o r F O U L [ ^ N I ^ ^ \ / and design investigate current rules and
\ / \ / regulations of the athletic organization
. \ / ^ ^ or other iiuthortty whose standards will
/ "^ ^ / \ govern.
/ ^ X- \
/ ^ ^BACKSTOP LINE ^ ^
^ .A _ ^ ^l - - »- — — s=— . ^ ORI ENTATI ON
No Standard - consider time of day for
games, months when played; location of
field, surrounding bidgs. and stands.
East-North-East recom. by N.C.A.A.
Home plate to center field) .
B ATTER' S
BOX EACH
SI DE-
STANDS CR FENCE IVS
FROM HOME PLATE
ALONG FOUL LI NE
COA CH' S
B OX 4 ' X e ^ - _ i _ ^ ^
I LI TTLE L E A G U E B A S E B A L L
PTCHERS
BOX
CATCHER' S BOX
B A S E B A L L D E T A I L O F H O M E
B A S E B A T T E R ' S & C A T C H E R ' S
B O X
I NDOOR B A S E B A L L
» * s ^ Df c9l „ . „ . AI A. AMh' . . ' C. . W. . * . " gf "
• CATCHER' S
B OX '
S O F T B A L L D I A M O N D
' B A S E
LI NES
2 N D B A S E
r-5'-^
6'
3 ' - 0'
.^-^^
B ATTER' S
B OXES
CATCHER' S
B OX
H O M E B A S E
D.C.
RECREATION
^
% i
Tennis
f
, 0
e o ' - o " S T D . a M I N
3 6 ' - O " D O U B L E S
I III
= u -'
I
6l¥
lO •
l.l i
2 7 ' - 0 " S I N G L E S
rP
I DI S T A N C E T O -
, A DJ C O U R T
I S ' C H A M P PLAN-
I S' MI N
I
B A C K C O U R T
1 3 ' - S " ^ 1 3 ' - 6 "
^+
i
l -l i
(05
F O R E C O U R T
'NET 3 -O" AT
CENTER, 3'-6"
AT POST S
FORE COURT
BACK COURT
-^^
; E N T E R MARK
FULL ENCL O SURE
t-
tL
U
U
X
Ul
U)
- ' hi
U. U
0 X
a%
0
I-
z
UJ
>
13 ui
m l
Z J
u) ^
(2 y
'^ Z (fl
£ UJ <
D u m
A4.
7'2-' S O U T H O F
41 S T P A R A L L E L
C O U R T E DG E
H A L F E N C L O S U R E
A L T E R N A T E
L I G H T I N G .
O N E P O L E
E A C H SI DE
O
STANDARD C O U R T
E N D E N C L O S U R E
PARTI AL E NCL OS URE S
a
ul
J
0 :
0. 0
J b
I
0
c/
-
—
-V3"
-
-
~
--^
- S UB S O I L DRAI N T I L E S
t G E N U S E D F O R
P O R O U S C O U R T S I
I
.A
I
J
I
D R A I N A O E P L A N 12 O R M O R E CCXJ RT !
! ORIENTATION
For the northern states the north-south orientation is
reiMinmended. North-nortfiwest by southsoutheast at
approximately 22° (true northi is recommended for
outdoor courts south of the 41st parallel. Particular
•'*°characteristics, length of tennis season, and latitude
f If :;ld be taken into consideration when deciding on
) \ most desirable court orientation angle.
'4-
—- jf —
B A S E
21' -Of'
-I-
S E KV l C E
L I N E
8' - a' I 21' -o"
SERVI CE
LI NE
B ASE
LI NE
X-
X
X
NOTES
1. SURFACE DRAINAGE: Pitch 1 in. per 10 ft f
porous and nonporous courts. Each court should i
in one plane and pitch side to side; never up
down to middle court.
2. SUBSOIL DRAINAGE: Need for drainage syster
depends on soil conditions.
On
M
01(1)
Er40 T O E M D
3 I DE T O S I DE
rooOR T E N N I S C E I L I N oT i ^ T S i T r R ^ U I R E M E N T e
NOTE
This information is for prelimins
planning and design only. For fir
layouts and design investigate c
rent rules and regulations of t
athletic organization or other ;
thority whose standards will govei
Xl
t
ELEV. OF W A L L
- r j E T LI N E '
3 . 0 " A T C E N T E R
3 . _ e" A T E N DS
WA L L " C O N C R E T E
• OR S L O C K W I T H
F L U S H J O I N T S
COURT Sl ^ J °
H A L F af S T D
C O U R T I F
S P A C E I S
A V A I L A B L E
/ l ^ A C K C O U R T S P A CE
PRACTICE C OU R T
•"p.«0Mell,f,e& Randan, AIA, Architects; indianapol., mean.
^
RECREATION
- T O P RAI L
^ 4^ - LI NE P O S T
A
C E N T E R I-"*.
\ / VHE, R£
R E Q U I R E D
C O N C R E T E ^
t
ELEVAT I ON OF ENCLOSURE
34 Track and Field Events
FI NI SH LINE FOR
»ALL RACES
LONG AND TRI PLE JUMP
I.IMES B cm WOE :
=J t
ALL LINES V-'HITE
EO mm WIDE
MEASUREMENT OF RACE-
=1 ) =
5
LA Y O U T G U I DE F O R ^ 4 0 0 m R U N N I N G T R A C K A N D F I E L D E V E N T L O C A T I O N S
NOTES
(a) Number of lanes (f) High j ump
' (b) Straights (g) Javelin
(c) Steeplechase and (hi Hammer and
water j ump discus in cage
(d) Pole vault (i) Putti ng and shot
(e) Long and t ri pl e jumps (i) Paved areas
NATI ONAL A N D I NT E RNAT I ONAL
COMPETI TI ON
The diagram indicates how a 400 m track wi t h a
'syntfietic surface mi ght be laid out for national and
international compet i t i on. Di fferent arrangements are
possible t o suit parti cul ar circumstances. For high level
competition however, alternatives for the siting ot
the throwi ng circles are of necessity l i mi t ed if maxh
mum distances are t o be safely t hr own. For Rules or
Competition reference should be made t o the Hand-
book of the I nt ernat i onal Amateur At hl et i c Federa-
tion.
.TRACK A N D L A N E S
The length of the runni ng track should be not less than
400 m. The track should be not less than " 2 m ' n
width and shoul d, i f possible, be b°rdered on he
inside wi t h concrete or other ^" ' " . bl e matenal ,
approximately 50 mm hi gh, mi - ^ ^ ^ ^ r t l . e T a t e t
The curb may be raised t o P«'""\^Z^M Te^rn^
drain away, in whi ch case a maxi mum height of fab mm
must not be exceeded.
.Where i t is not possible ' - ^ h e inner edge^^of^.he
Tunning track t o have a raised b"™^^'
shall be marked wi t h lines 50 mm wide.
. n "^0 m outward f r om
The measurement shall be taken u. J border
the inner border of the track °'-J"^']„^,^e of the
,exi 0.20 m f r om the line marki^ig the
Ml ' I
In af r aces up t o and including '^OYrniTZ'^Z^'^
itor shall have a separate lane, wi t h a mi
I ME; ASURI : M[ ; N
W INIIZ F OR 'M I
lOTHElR L.VMl
METHOD OF MARKING LANES
of 1.22 m and a maxi mum wi dt h of 1.25 m to be
marked by lines 50 mm in wi dt h. The inner lane shall
be measured as stated in the preceding t ext , but the
remaining lanes shall be measured 0.20 m from the
outer edges of the lines.
In i nternati onal meetings the track should allow for at
least six lanes and, where possible, for eight lanes,
parti cul arl y for major i nternati onal events.
The maxi mum allowance for lateral i ncl i nati on of
tracks shall not exceed 1 : 100, and the i ncl i nati on in
the runni ng di rect i on shall not exceed 1 : 1000.
The lateral i ncl i nati on of the track should wherever
possible be t oward the inside lane.
S U R F A C E
Syntheti c materials provide a consistently good surface
capable of conti nuous and unl i mi t ed use in most
weather condi ti ons. Maintenance is mi ni mal , consisting
of periodic cleaning by hosing down or brushing, the
repainting when necessary of the line markings, and an
occasional repair.
Cinder surfaces require considerable maintenance by a
skilled groundsman every ti me a track is used. They are
not all-weather and seldom provide a consistently good
runni ng surface. They are, however, much cheaper to
construct and are suitable for club use and trai ni ng.
On cinder tracks an extra lane is necessary so that
spri nt and hurdl e events can be l un on the six outei
lanes t o avoid the inner lane, whi ch is subject to heavy
use duri ng long distance events.
O R I E N T A T I O N
It IS often di f f i cul t t o reconcile the requirements of
wi nd di recti ons and the need t o avoid an approach i nto
the setting sun. For these reasons it is now becoming
common practice t o provide, where possible, alter
native directions foi runni ng, i i i ni pi nn, .iiul t l i i owi i i y
N U M B E R O F L A N E S
Syntheti c all-weather:
Internati onal compet i t i on:
Area or regional compet i t i on:
Cinder:
Internati onal compet i t i on
8 lanes (9.76 m)
6 lanes (7 3 2 m}
8 lanes (9.76 m)
9 lanes (straightsi
7 lanes (8.54 m) Area or regional compet i t i on:
T H E F I N I S H
Two whi t e posts shall denote the extremi ti es of the
finish line, and shall be placed at least 3 0 cm f r om the
edge of the track.
The finish posts shall be of rigid constructi on about
1.4 m high, 80 mm wi de, and 20 mm t hi ck
FORMULA FOR OTHER TRACK
PROPORTIONS
Where a track of wider or narrower proporti ons or of
di fferent length is requi red, the appropri ate dimensions
can be calculated f r om the f ol l owi ng f ormul a:
L = 2P- i - 2 (R- l - 3 00 mm)
where L = length of track (m)
P = length of parallels or distance apart of
centers of curves (m)
R = radius to track side of innei curb (m)
IT = 3 .1416 (not " / 7 )
It is recommended that the radius of the semicircles
should not normal l y be less than 3 2 m or more than
42 m for a 400 m ci rcui t.
^
RECREATION
42 25 Yard Swi mmi ng Pool; Capacity Formulas
LENGTH OF P OOL S
'25 yards is the mi ni mum l ength for Amer i can records,
(id mWts interscholastic and i ntercol l egi ate require-
ments IPool should be 75' 1' j " l ong t o al l ow l or
electronic timing panels at one end.)
If vds for Internati onal Compet i t i on are shown on
n\ ter pool page.
W I D T H O F P O O L S
Drawi ng bel ow shows 7' lanes, wi t h pool wi dt h of 45'
6 lanes) . St ri ct l y compet i t i ve pools shoul d have 8'
lanes, wi t h pool wi dt h of 83 ' (10 lanes) . Mi ni mum
wi dt hs i ncl ude addi ti onal 18" wi dt h outsi de lanes on
bot h sides of pool .
NOTES
Gutters at sides of pool are desirable to reduce wave
acti on i n swi mmi nq meets or water pol o. See l i ght i ng
standards and diving board standards on other pj qi "j of
this series for addi ti onal requirements for compet i t i ve
pools.
G RAB BARS AND
RECESSED ST EP S
2' RACI NG TAKEOFFS
3 0 " AB OVE WATER
LEVEL (SEE ANOTHER
PAGE FOR DETAI LS)
PLAN
MIN LENG T H ( AMERI CAN RE CORDS l
SEE STANDARDS FOR DI VI NG
FACI LI TI ES ON ANOT HER PAG E
OF THI S SERI ES
PI TCH NOT OVER TI N 12'
4 ' - 0 " MI N lA A U)
3 ' - 6 " MIN (N. C. A. A )
PNGI TUDI NAL SECT I ON
is YARD POOL
Swi mmi ng pool capaci ty requi rements vary f r om one l ocal i ty t o another:
suggested by the Ameri can Public Health Associ ati on.
check local regulations. The f ol l owi ng is
• S °' ^ ^ SWI MMERS
-ZON
g wl MMERS
.-ZONE "A"
DI VERS
FORMULA Z ONE "A"
DERIVATION •
ZONE "C"
FORMULA'
Max, pool _
capacity
Di vi ng area defi ned by 10' radius f r om di vi ng board or pl at f or m.
12 divers per boar d; 2 — 3 in water, the rest on shore.
Or al l ow 3 00 sq. f t . of pool water surface per board.
Swi mmi ng area; 24 sq. f t . per swi mmer. Based on vol ume displaced by each
swi mmer (4/5 square of average ht.) and adjusted by the number of swimmers
using pool at one t i me. (2/ 3 t ot al swi mmers) .
Non-swi mmer area. 10 sq. f t . per person. Based on vol ume displaced by person
(1/ 2 area al l owed per swi mmer) and adjusted by number not using wat er - 50%
(i n some pool s wi t h large number of non-swi mmers, figure may be as high as 75%) .
, _ No. diving boards J '^cea Zone " B " Area Zone " C"
or pl atforms 24 10
s~:z. nrrS-'pooL CAPACI TY
I- Jackson Smi t h, AI A, Designed
Environmei
,nt, I nc. ; St amf or d, Connect i cut
l l RECREATION
50 Meter Competitive Swi mmi ng Pool 43
ENERAL NOTES
jr judging competitive meets, F.I.N.A. officials
commend the springboard and diving platform
rangeitient indicated below in plan. Diving dimen-
)ns meet minimum F.I.N.A. standards. Fifty meters
minimum length for world records.
NOTE
"Length should be 50.03 m allowing an extra ,03 m
to compensate for possible future tile facing, structural
defects and electrical timing panels.
RECESSED
f—I STEPS a
GRAB BARS
OS X O.Sm
RACING
TAKE- OFF
BLOCKS
- AN
O 5m OUTSIDE LANES
1.2 MA ..IMUM^
R .:^ T IO '
I-
^WATER LEVEL
SEE STANDARD DIMENSIONS
FOR DIVING FACILITY ON ANOTHER
PAGE OF THI S SERIES
•RACING
TAKE - OFF
BLOCK
1 219m MINIMUM (A AU. l - ^ - ,
I Sm OVERALL (F I N A )
PITCH NOT OVER I IN 12
/ CFCTION
^rVGITUDINAL S^*^
Jackson Smith, AIA. Oesisni'd
£„»ironinenl
Inc.; Stamford, Connecticut
RECREATION H
62
Small Boats
ROW BOAT
DI NGHY OR T E NDE R
PEDAL BOAT
I NFLATABLE BOAT PONTOON BOAT
6'
-4f
e- o"
CLEAR
6 "
o: \
^
.c^
^s
^
RACK SPACING
Single and double: 2 racks 8'-0" apart.
Four-oared: 3 racks 8'-0" apart.
Eight-oared 3 racks 18' 0" apart or 4 racks
12'-0" apart.
Racks are 6'-0" high for daily use, higher
for long term storage.
^
r
m MM tnJ^M M W
^
RACI NG SHELL OR GI G R A C I N G
1 RACK S
'NOTE
Many of the boats above, except pec al boats, pontoon ~^
lioats, and racing shells, may be fitted witn sans.
Design boat house with ceiling height to allow storage 1
S' -O" TO l 2' - 0" IN 6" I NCR. [ [
OA F S
y —
4' - 0" TO 6' - 0" IN 3 " INCF
ofoarsotiend. •(• DOUB LE P A DDLE S A R E
e'-6',' 9' - o' ; 9' - s"
PADDLES
TYPES AND S I Z E S O F T Y P I C A L S MA L L B OAT S
LO • LENGTH OVERALL. B - BEAM, D - DEPTH. DO - DEPTH OVERALL
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPE
nowboats (many
lypes and designs)
uiNGHY OR TCNnFR
-DORY
i^EDAL BO
INFLAT-
idBLE
CANOE
1
—
(-J
Fisherman
War
Dinghy
Riverboat
SH
01
GIG '-^
1
BOAT
Single racina
Double racing
Four-oared i _
Eight-oared
, _ ... « i..oc/Archit
LENGTH OVERALL
6' -5"to 18'-0"
6' -1"to 14'-0"
18'-0"±
12'-0"to 16'-0"
7'-2" to 10'-4"
9' -0"to 15'-U"
17'-0"to 17'-0"
16'-0"to 18'-0"
2X^^^Jo_^jO
R'-7"to12'-8"
^ l T^9^^18' - 0"
20^^0^^^8' -0"
" "^?7rlo^28'-0"
9fl'-n" to 3 3 '-0"
40'-0" to 42'-0"
"ie^^o^o 62'-0"
ecs Planners; Detroit, Michigan
BEAIkl
3 ' -11"t o5' -5"
2' - 10"t o5' - 5"
4'-6" ±
3 '-6" to 5'-8"
5' - l " t o5' - 4"
2' - 10"t o3 ' - 0"
3 '-0" t o3 ' - 8"
3 '-5" t o3 ' - 7"
3 '-8"
4'-0" t o5' - 6"
6' - 10" t o8' 0"
8'-0"
1'-2"
1'-4"
1'-9"
2'-0" t o2' - 4"
S W E
•4-
EP (
12' - 0" TO 12
3 A R
- 6 "
9' - 6" TO 9' - 10"
SCULL OAR
i
~^\
f
DEPTH
1' -2"to1' -8"
1'-6"to 1'-8"
1'-8"±
1'-6"to 1'-8"
r - 11"
1'-0"±
1'-2"
1'-0"to 1' -1"
r-3 "
I ' D" t o1' - 4"
1'-6"to 1'-9"
7'-8"
6V2"
7"
8' /="
1'-4"
DEPTH OVERALL
2'-0" +
1'-6" to 1'-8"
I ' l l " ±
1'-6"to I'-IO"
2'-0" to 2'-4"
1'-4"
2'-0" to 2'-4"
2'-3 "
l ' -6" to I'-IO"
2'-0" to 2'-8"
IOV2"
1 1 "
I ' - OVJ "
r - 2" t o 1'-8'."'
WEI GHT (LB)
50 to 270
40 to 155
275
64 to 320
115 to 140
44 to 85
55 to 79
70 ±
225
56 to 119
99 to 154
1015to 1155
3 0
60
120
270
U TRANSPORTATION
Sail and Power Boats
62
WATERLI NE
BOARD BOAT ( V I O N O H U L L
TYPES AND SI ZES OF TYPI CAL SAI LBOATS
CATAMARAN CRUI SI NG
L - LENGTH OVERALL. B - BEAM. MH - MAST HEIGHT, NT - NOT TRAILERABLE
CLASSI FI CATI ON AND NAME LENGTH OVERALL BEAM MAST HEI GHT WEI GHT (LB) LENGTH/TRAI LER
BOARD
BOAT
^flinifish 11'-9" 3' -10" 9' -0" 2'-4" 83 14'
Sunfish 13 '-9" 4' -0" 10 0" 2'-8" 139 15'
Laser 13 '-10" 4' -6" 19 3 ' 0" 130 16'
Puffer
12'-6" 4'-10" 17' 11" 3 '-0" 160 15'
MONO-
HULL
Challenger 15 15'-0" 5'-6" 20 2'-7" 380 18'
Flying scot 19'-0" 6'-10" 26' 0' 4'-0" 800 21'
Sol cat 15
15'-0" 7'-10" 25'-4 290 18'
CATA-
MARAN
Hobie 16
16'-7" 7'-11' 26'-0" 10" 340 19'
Prindle 18
18'-0" 8' 0" 28'-9" 9 V2 335 21'
O'Day 27
27'-0" 9' 0" 3 8'-6" 4' -0" 6700 NT
CRUI SI NG Pearson 3 2
3 1'-8V2' 10'-7" 44'-7" 5'-6" 9400 NT
CS3 6
3 6'-6" 11'-6" 48'-6" 6'-3 " 15,500
S P ORT CRUI S E R
TYPES°ANP SI ZES OF TYPI CAL POWERBOATS
- . ». »Mn NAME LENGTH OVERALL
E X P RE S S S E DAN CRUI SER CRUlfeER
CLASSI FI C"- ' - ' "' ^ AND NAME
LENGTH OVERALL
CRUI SER
40'-8"
BEAM
6'-5"
7'-8"
7'-10"
B'-Q"
8'-0"
8'-0"
9'-4"
13 '-0"
13 '-0"
14'-2V2
14'-9"
HEI GHT
3 '-5"
3'-9'/2
5'-2"
6'-0"
6'-3 "
7'-4"
8'-4"
9'-6"
12'-3 "
13 ' -1"
12'-0"
DRAFT
1'-0'
2'-4"
2'-3 "
2'-8"
2'-6"
2'-6"
2'-2"
2'-10"
2' -11"
2'-n"
3 '-7"
3 '-9"
WEI GHT (LB)
865
2618
2800
6095
4375
6095
4800
7200
16,000
17,000
26,500
34,000
LENGTH WI TH TRAI LER
19'
21'
25'
25'
28'
28'
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Vi k i ng 1 - '
» „riafPs/Architects Planners; Detroit, Michigan
Dav.d 8. Richards: Ro«etti Associ atesWc
TRANSPORTATION
i
180 Dock and Marine Development
S E C T I O N A- A
r r i ^ ^ MOORI NG
W- ' ^ HARDWARE
. 2' -6"
MAI N WALKWAVs
CONCRET E SLAB ON 6"
COMP ACTED SUBG RADE
S E C T I ON
CONCRETE P LANKS Wl l
CONNECTI NG STRAPS
<-)-
e-
B
e—e^
- «
CATWALK
4-M-ihHftlH-
MAI N v-^AuKVA-.
BOAT L A U N C H I N G R A M P
G ENERAL NOTES
1. Wood marine constructi on must be pressure treated
wi t h a preservative. Wood preservatives for use in
marine applications tall i nt o t wo yeneral categories,
creosote and waterborne. To select a specific pre-
servative f rom wi t hi n these categories, the decay-
ing agents must be i dent i f i ed. A preservative may
then be chosen based on the recommendations
of the Ameri can Wood Preservers Insti tute.
2. Waterborne preservatives are recommended for
decks because creosote stains shoes and bare feet.
3 . The preservatives selected should be approved by
the Envi ronmental Protecti on Agency.
4. Dock height above water is determi ned by average
deck levels and probable water level. Maintain a
12 i n. mi ni mum dimension between water and
deck. Fl oati ng docks may be required in tidal
waters. Consult manufacturer for constructi on
i nf ormat i on.
5. Cross bracing should be mi ni mi zed to avoid en-
tanglement of swimmers.
LAUNCHI NG RAMPS
1. Launching ramps are for sheltered waters onl y.
2. A catwalk may be provi ded alongside the ramp.
3 . Fl oati ng ramps may be required in tidal waters.
TABLE OF DI MENSI ONS FOR SUPS
USED WITH DI AGRAM
AND CATWALKS TO BE
J
< y-
H < Z
. - in -I
Over 70' to 80'
David E. Rose, Rossen/IMcumann Associates
Southfield, Michigan
12' - 0"
12' - 0"
14' - 0"
- 0 "
l O' - O"
10' - 0"
10' - 0"
12' - 0"
12' - 0"
14' - 0"
9' - 0"
11' - 0"
l l ' - O"
11' - 0"
.<
< i
U z O
D < Z
Z 0. lu
CM m - I
8 ' - 0 "
l O' - O"
10' - 0"
12' - 0"
12' - 0"
9'-0"
11' - 0"
i r-O"
<
5 1^
< i_
a < z
Q: 0. Ul
CO (rt - 1
10' - 0"
12' - 0"
12' - 0"
12' - 0"
Ul 0
o I
z u
< z
I- <
So
D I -
17' - 0"
19' - 0"
21' - 0"
23 ' - 0"
25' - 0"
28' - 0"
3 3 ' - 0"
3 8' - 0"
43 ' - 0"
48' - 0"
53'-0"
6 3 ' - 0 "
73 ' - 0"
83 ' - 0"
2 ' - 0 " - ^
^}t
TI MBER BREAKWATER- - . .
^
u
2
_i
Q
"< -r
u
I
n
y
Q.
DI AGRAM
^' MAI N CAT WALK-
A' CATWALK-
Z ^
>6
• _ ^ 3 ' - 0 " ^ , .
4' CATNA/ALK-
°>,- ANCHOR
S= EE
TllvlBER B REAKWATER
<
h
<
0
z
<l> <
2
in
, . o
i >
1 I
I I °
I I
^
e' MAI N CATWALK
Mgl
i I
- " •^ A - A ' '
I- .
< I
01
4" MAI N CA T WA LK-
I ' -i
MARI NE WORK
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books;
^ ^ ^ g i ~ | ~ t f f 9 7 2 ^ ' ' ' ^ " ' ' " " ' ' Bluffs Metropolitan Area Planning
Carlson, Reynold E., Theodore Deppe and Janet MacLean. Recreation in
American Life. Belmount, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1972.
Ching, Francis D.K. Architecture: Form, Space and Order. New York-
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1979.
Ching, Francis D.K. Building Construction Illustrated. New York: Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1975.
City Plan Commission of St. Louis. St. Louis Riverfront Development Plan.
1967.
Curtis, Richard K. Evolution or Extinction: The Choice Before Us.
Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1982.
DeChiara, Joseph, et. al. Time Savers Standards for Building Types.
John Hancock ed. New York.
DeChiara, Joseph and Lee Koppelman. Urban Planning and Design Criteria.
2nd Edition.
Designing With the LOF Sun Angle Calculator. Ohio: Libby-Owens-Ford
Company, 1975.
1978 Dodge Manual for Building Construction, Pricing and Schedules.
Edition 13. McGraw-Hill: New York, New York, 1977.
Egan, M. David. Concepts in Thermal Comfort. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,
Inc., 1975.
Engel, Heinrich. Structure Systems. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold
Company, 1981.
Fischer, Claude S. The Urban Experience. New York: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich, Inc. 1976.
Hirsch, Werner Z. Urban Economics. MacMillan Publishers, New York, 1984.
Hjelte, George and J. S. Shivers. Planning Recreational Places. Cranberry,
New Jersey: Associated Universtiy Presses, 1971.
How to Plan, Design and Build Outdoor Sports Facilities. New York: Drake
Publishers, 1978.
98
"^"Snd'Ed'Ir'pa;! '"w ^^-^J-\^-^ll- B^entials of Texas Politics.
^na m . St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1983. "
Kraus, Richard. Recreation and Leisure in Modern Society. New York-
Meredith Corp., 1971. ' ~-
Kuenzlen, Martin, et. al. Playing Urban Games: The Systems Approach to
Planning. New York: George Braziller Inc., 1972.
Lawrence-Leiter and Company. Rural Labor Analysis of the Riverfront
Area Hinterland. Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area Planning
Agency., 1973.
Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City. Massachusetts: The M.I.T. Press, 1960.
McGuinness, William J., et. al. Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for
Buildings. 6th ed. New York"i John Wiley and Sons, 1980.
McCullagh, James C. Ways to Play: Recreation Alternatives. Emmaus,
Pennsylvania: Rodale Press, 1978.
Nash, Dr. Jay B. The Philosophy of Recreation and Leisure. Dubuque, Iowa:
William C. Brown Company Publishers, 1960.
Olgyay, Victor. Design With Climate: Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural
Regionalism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1963.
Palmer, Mickey A. The Architect's Guide to Facility Programming. New York:
American Institute of Architects and Architectural Record Books, 1981.
Penman, Kenneth A. Planning Physical Education and Athletic Facilities in
Schools. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1977.
Planero, Julius and Martin Zelmk. H;mian Dimension and Interior Spaces.
Whitney Library of Design. The Architectural Press Ltd/London: 1979.
Planning Facilities for Athletics, Physical Eduction and Recreation.
Washington D.C: The Athletic Institute and American Alliance for
Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 1979.
Ramsey/Sleeper. Architectural Graphic Standards. 7th ed. Robert T. Packard,
ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
Rapoport, Rhona; Rapoport, Robert N.; Strelitz, Ziona. Leisure and the
Family Life Cycle. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975.
Snyder, James C. and Anthony J. Catanese. Introduction to Architecture.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1979.
State of Wisconsin Department of Resource Development. Waterfront Renewals.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1966.
Stimpson, Catharine R., Dixler, Elsa and Kathryn B. Yatrakis. Women and
The American City. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago
Press, 1981.
99
SSS£i_ igs_ ae^HSna. state Department of Highways and PntUc Trans-
Tillman, Albert. The Proa-rsm TS^^I ^
National Press-ifeSfifTS^^okJo^^ecreati^^ Los Angeles:
Toffler, Alvin. Future S_hock. New York: Bantam, 1970.
'''"r:;s!\^948^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ N--° rk: Associated
"'"^Re'crL^iioi^Plir 'o^^^'^;^' '^^^ ^^Hnci^Bluffs^^ow^O^^
gg|tion_Plan. Omaha-Council BH^HTliil^iitan Area PlanninF
Urban-Rural Planning & Design, Inc., et. al. Missouri Riverfront Parks
M^trooov;^ "^r^ "'f °"^^ ^^eservat^ion^lajT^aha-Counfil Bluffs
Metropolitan Area Planning Agency, 1973.
Watson, Don A. Construction Materials and Proce.... 2nd ed. New York-
Gregg Division McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1978''
Webb Walter Prescott and H. Bailey Carroll. The Handbook of Texa... Vol 2
Austin: The Texas State Historical Association, 1952. ' '
White, Edward T. Concept Sourcebook: A Vocabulary of Architectnr;,! Fnr-r..
Arizona: Architectural Media Ltd., 1975. •
White, Edward T. Site Analysis: Diagramming Information for Architectural
Design. ARchitectural Media, 1983. ' '—'
Wright, Burton and John P. Weiss. Social Problems. Boston: Little,
Brown and Company, 1980.
Yates, Maurice and Barry Garner. The North American City. 3rd ed.
San Fransisco: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1980.
Zinbardo, Philip G. Essentials of Psychology and Life, loth ed. Glenview,
Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Co., 1980.
Dissertations:
Chapel, Paul. "A Community Recreation Facility for Dallas, Texas."
Thesis dissertation, Texas Tech University, 1981.
Olivo, Joe. O. "An Athletic and Recreational Facility for the Wichita
Falls ISD." Thesis dissertation, Texas Tech Universtiy, 1980.
Ridenour, Dane. "Recreational Sports and Entertainment Complex for Wichita
Falls, Texas". Thesis dissertation, Texas Tech University, 1980.
100
Interviews:
Cook, Gary. Mayor of Wichita Falls, Texas. April 4, 1985.
Harper, Charles. City Council, Wichita Falls, Texas. April 4, 1985.
Jamison Glenn. Superintendent, Parks and Recreation, City of Wichita
Falls, Texas. April lo, 1985.
''^''lt;h''Si;'"n ^fv^!!^^ ° ^ Marketing and Distributive Education, Rider
High School, Wichita Falls, Texas. April 17, 1985.
Potter, David. President of Wichita Falls Chapter of American Institute
of Architects. January 29, 1985.
Suggs, Jack. Engineer, City Public Works, Wichita Falls, Texas. April 4
1985,
Thompson,Jeanie. Assistant City Attorney, City of Wichita Falls, Texas,
April 8, 1985.
Laws, Ordinances and Regulations:
Uniform Building Code. Whittier, California: International Conference
of Building Officials, 1985.
Letters:
Jamison, Glen. April 10, 1985.
Thompson, Jeanie. April 10, 1985.
Magazines:
Bremner, Douglas. "Recreation Buildings with Team Spirit". Architectural
Record, November 1981, pp. 102-107.
"Commodore Park". Landscape Architecture, September 1982, pp. 71-75.
"Flint Riverbank Park". Landscape Architecture, September 1982, pp. 66-69.
Murphy, Jim. "Forms of Recreation". Progressive Architecture, April 1983,
pp. 98-101.
Murphy, Jim. "Playful Fragments". Progressive Architecture, December 1981,
pp. 82-89.
"Mystic River Reservation Park". Landscape Architecture, September/October
1982, pp. 66-69.
Viladas, Pilar. "healthy Color". Interiors, August 1981, pp. 90-91.
Vonier, Thomas. "Let Them Drink Wine". Progressive Architecture, April
1983, pp. 98-101.
101
DOCUMENTATION
Since a recreation building often reflects the unl,„e needs of a
neighborhood or co,„„,„„lty. the specific plans and designs „i U vary. The
preliminary considerations and planning objectives will be the sa.e, but
the specific issues will be diffprpni- TU^ -.• L
De aiiterent. The issues that made this recreation
center unique to Wichita Fallas were:
Site location
Types of activities
Building users
Technical considerations
It was my endeavor to address exactly those special client needs, consider
several different options to each issue, decide on the best answer to each
issue and propose an architectural building solution responding to these
issues.
The following questions were asked during preliminary investigation:
-Has the entire site been used to its potential?
-Does the design provide for flexibility in use and future expansion?
-Does the floor plan permit convenient access to and facilitate
circulation within?
-Does the floor plan provide for ease in supervision and administration
of the building?
-Do individual rooms encourage multiple use?
-Has the building been designed to ensure opportunity for its use by
all members of the community including the aging and disabled?
-Does the design relate harmoniously with the surroundings?
-Is the building designed to permit economy in construction and
maintenance?
After studying several recreation buildings with similar functional require-
ments, I found:
an obvious tendency to "introvert" the buildings
activities.
:ion-
That is to say that most building failed to make an indoor/outdoor relati
ship. Usually the interior activities had no connection to exterior
activities, therefore causing each to be entities within themselves. Also,
by introverting the recreational activities, most of the buildings I
studied did not "reflect" the activities that were inside,therefore causing
confusion as to the initial impression of what the building actually was.
minimal to no response to site and climatic
conditions.
Most of the buildings studies did not respond to site and climatic conditions,
and therefore failed to take full advantage of natural assets, such as wind
and sun.
"Heavy" buildings using alot of energy.
Many were quite massive in scale, therfore requiring alot of mechanical
support for heating and cooling. So upon the completion of preliminary
research on recreation buildings, and after discussion with the CPRD and
~'KAAC, the following objectivies/intentions were formulated as a preliminary
guide for my design of a recreation complex for Wichita Falls, Texas:
— -To design an open structure-one that is light and
easily adaptable to the outside, therefore connotating
a "sense of place".
^Xo design a structure that is economical, yet tasteful.
lo design with the site and climate conditions and taking
full advantage of natural assets.
-^-To design a soft, low energy building.
The essence of the problem was to create a facility (or facilities)
which will accomodate all types of recreational pursuits for all age groups
in a location convenient to a majority of the users. So, my first task
was to select the optimum site location according to the clients wants
and needs. It had to be somewhere in the RDD, close to the river and
adjacent to the "new" civic center. (See Map ) Proximity to public
transportation was important and so was the availability of parking spaces.
The size of the site needed to be large enough to hold on-site parking,
outdoor activities and future additions. Visibility was critical, since
it should be easy to see and easy to find.
Since the CPRD owns most of their land on the southside of the river,
particularly Lucy Park, the logical location would be within this park.
But this land area is mostly in the 100 year flood plane, it experiences
high crime and its location is too far from the proposed civic center site.
Another choice was to locate the building on the southside of the river,
adjacent to the proposed civic center, either east or west of it in the
downtown area. Since there isn't much room to the east side, the logical
location would be to the west side of the new civic center and inbetween
the medical triangle. Still another choice was next to Scotland Park on
the northside of the river. This location would require the proposed
recreational facilities to be compatible with existing softball facilities.
The City felt that in any of the choices, or any location that I chose, if
I proposed a recreation center without an overall plan of the whole river-
front, then it will not pass. But, if an overall conceptual plan is proposed,
and the recreation center is part of that concept plan, then it will work,
once future development occurs along the river, then they will purchase any
additional land for parks and recreation.
1- Proposed Civic Center Site
2- Lucy Park
3- Medical Triangle
4- Soctland Park
5- Existing Hotel
6- Sheratorn Hotel (under construction)
7- Proposed Hotel Site
I looked at these three site locations, and found the most logical
Site to be neither of these. I chose the land area bounded by the Big Wichita
River on the south. Burrett Street to the West, Warrent St. to the north,
and Scott St. to the east, (see slide # 5 ) 1 chose this site as opposed to
the others because:
-it is close to daily public transportation routes along Scott St.,
-it has enough land area (approximately 20 acres) to support the
building, outdoor activities, parking and future additions,
both the Scott street and Burrett Street bridges afford the site
excellent visability (particularly the Scott St. bridge, since it is
a business highway).
-it is within the RDD adjacent to the new civic center site, and separated
only by the river. This location creates opportunities to make
physical connections with and over the water to the civic center, but
also gives the building its own site,
"it lies at the heart of the RDD, almost equadistant to the three hotel
development "anchors", (see map)
-it is just across the river from the proposed "riverwalk".
After discussing the choise I made for the building location with the
client, and after receiving approval, I felt it necessary to conduct a
contextual analysis. This analysis would give me information concerning:
optimum site utilization; best on-site arrangements of the clients interior
and exterior activities and spaces; and the most effective ways to respect
and capitalize on site and climate assets. I perceived the site to be a
demanding one, and therefore required a thorough inventory of existing and
projected conditions. This information would be diagrammed such that each
site condition would generate design response ideas and provide me with a
library of choices for optimum site utilization. The initial series of
diagrams document all of the "given" information-the facts. Typical
data here includes: location, size and zoning, legal aspects, natural and
physical features, utilities and climate (see slides #3-5, 7-9 an pgs. 30-36,
& 40-42 in program) The next series of diagrams deal primarily with the sensory
and human aspects of the site that are not quantitative, but instead, require
an opinion about positive and negative characteristics of the site. This
information includes: good and bad views for the site, best approach
directions to the site in terms of view, and types of noises and the extent
to which they are disruptive, (see slides 10-12 and pages 37 & 39 in program)
The diagrams that I made of the site conditions helped to stimulate
design ideas and permit an exploration of conceptual responses to these factors.
(see slides 15-29) These response vignettes are:
-to incorporate the existing bowling alley on the site into the overall
recreation complex (slide #15)
-make physical links across river, (slide #16)
-extend water into the site (at low end to avoid high retaining walls.
(slide #17)
-use virtually flat ground for outdoor playing fields, courts, etc...
(see slide #18)
-locate buildings on high ground to avoid drainage problems, (slide #19)
-use area within floodway for: parking, playing fields, courts, extending
water into site and trails (nature, walking, jogging, bike-slide #20).
-incorporate trees as buffers from one zone to another, (slide #21)
-create "public i.age" side of the building towards the river, both bridges
and the river development across; and service side, car storage and
main entry from Warrant St. (see slide #22)
My first effor then, at optimum placement of functions or spaces on the
site in response to the vignettes are:
-to create an "island of refuge, by extending the water from a natural
inlet at the low end nf t-f.^ o-i*-^ J I
w ena ot the site and along the existii
:ing trails. Passive
recreational activities qnrh ao KTT-^ .. u-
vicies such as bird watching, rest areas for sitt
ing
and talking, and people watching can occur here. Lookout points for
Viewing outdoor areas, and up and down the river developments and even
back towards the downtown can occur here. Three separate buildings/
facilities could be located on high ground and linked mentally and
physically by the"island." (see slide #23)
-to organize the spaces/activities within a grid parallel to existing
streets.(see slide #24)
-to make a linear sequence of repetitive spaces (slide #25)
-to create a central, dominant space about which a number of secondary
spaces are grouped, (slide #26)
-to create a central space from which linear organizations of space
extend in a radial manner. (slide #27)
From these non-scaled bubble diagrams on the site, I began to sketch in
scale. I constructed study model masses of the major spaces (multipurpose
gjmis, racquetball and squash courts, aquatic center and ice/roller skating)
enabling me to see the diagrams in three dimension.(see slides 31-41) This also
provided me with three options for optimum placement of the functions and spaces
on the site in response to both site and climatic issues:
1. Functional layout-I placed the bubble diagrams/masses on the site and
allowed them to shift and migrate so that their orientations and
placements responded to the appropriate site and climatic issues.
2. Contextual layout-I placed each function/space in its optimum zone
on the site independently of the other spaces. Then I condensed and
related them with a circulation system.
3. Zonal layout-with the project scope so large, the scale of the
components I manipulated were larger. Once the zones were identified
and placed, I was able to place the building activities within
these zones in response to their contect.
Now, those issues that generated the optimum placement of the spaces
in relation to climatic forces were:
-to use natural ventilation combined with moisture when it's hot and
during the spring and fall.
-to let the winter sun in
-to keep the summer sunshine out
-to protect from cold winter winds
So, in summary, I used a combination of functional, contextual and
zonal layouts, together with programmed spatial relationships to arive at
a prefinal arrangement of the clients functions and spaces on the site (see
slide ?f38) . I decided to use combinations of the grid, linear, centralized,
clustered and radial organizations of space, since each had positive effects
on the overall layout. Dominant in my site layout is the grid. I incorporated
three different angles: a grid parallel to the existing streets, a grid
relating to true north, and a grid relating to the natural contours, (see
slide #30) The multipurpose gyms make a linear sequence of repetitive spaces,
as do the racquetball courts. And I established the locker rooms to be the
central space from which linear organizations of space extend in a radial
manner. I also created an"island of refuge" at the low end of the site along
the existing trils to take advantage of the opportunity the site allows.
This "island" would be perfect for watching the Martin Bird-a popular bird and
popular form of recreation for may in Wichita Falls. I decided to zone that
area close to the existing bowling alley as Indoor/outdoor passive recreation,
and identified this zone as "social center", (see slide #14) The activities
here include: ice skating, roller skating, lawn bowling, croquet, multipurpose
rooms for drama and dancing, and a social gym for banquets, ceramics, etc...
It also has support areas such as snack bar, storages areas, club rooms,
kitchen, administrative area for control and gameroom. By locating these
types of recreational activities towards the bowling alley, and by recreating
the "family-type" atmosphere already existing, then I feel this incorporates
and ties the proposed recreation complex with the existing bowling alley. I
zoned the area adjacent to the "social center" as indoor/outdoor active and
have labled this zone a "athletic center". The activities here include:
multipurpose courts for basketball, tennis, volleyball, and badminton;
racquetball and squash courts; and weightlifting area, administrative for
supervision and control, central equipment issue and storage areas. One of
my intentions was to provide for the interaction of all age groups by stimulating
and encouraging contact through the integrating of a variety of activities
convenient to all. This necessitates a floor plan to facilitate circulation
in and around the building. Hence, my scheme provides wider than normal
corridors, and these have strong axis to "destination" points-points which open
up to other points. I decided to make physical connections across the river in
the form of pedestrian bridges. These bridges are extensions from the
destination points I just spoke of above. I used the virtually flat ground
for playing fields, and extended the higher ground towards the center of
the site. This enabled the building to avoid the 100 year plane and drainage
problems as well. I tried to locate the spaces that the trees could be
preserved. Those that need to be pulled up could be reused in other locations
on the site. I kept the "public image" side of the facility towards the river
and the two bridges, and enhanced this by allocating as many activities as
•A ^f 1-hP c,ite The arrangement of spaces also
possible towards this side of the site, lae &
A ^.cr^ of those climate assets, particularly the southerly
attempts to take advantage ot tnose ciimcu.
^^->,c= Rv staaeering each space and orientating the
winds during the summer months. By staggenug
Lans
me
long axis of each snaoA r,^^ • ,.
' P-P-c-icular to the „lnd. the optimum effect is achieved.
This 10 mph wind comine f-m.^ *-u
' ^-- ^he south and over the water provide for natural
ventilation when its hot and dry. Orientating the buildings broadside also
takes advantage of the winter sun and allows easy shading during the summer.
From the pre-final site layout, I switched scales and focused on those i.^ue.
related tp a functional floor plan layout. Using the pre-final site layout
(slide #38) as a guide, I began to draw to scale (1"=20') partial pla
relating to the whole complex (see slides 42-S0>. This scale enabled
to see all those essential areas and facilities necessary to fulfill the
program objectives.^ Essential to the functional plan is flexibility in use.
One way to fulfill this requirement was to keep single purpose space at a
minimum. Also, by providing for additional storage and incorporating ex-
pandable or moveable walls, I made the plan more flexible. Another key
issue was to provide for ease in supervision aiid administration of the
building-Maximum effectiveness in use of staff time is essential. This is
accomplished by locating control points within the building to afford the
staff maximum supervision at minimum cost. They should be alert to all people
coming into or leaving the building. I provided two control points, one
at the entry of the "athletic center" and one at the intersection of the
"social center" (see slides #42-46). Another key issue was the multiple use
of individual rooms. These needed to be located and designed so as to permit
several different activities to occur within one room or simultaneously in
all. I located the club rooms and multipurpose room within the "social
center", all sharing folding walls. Multiple combinations can occur from
these walls, therefore strengthening its flexibility. By locating all of
those indoor/outdoor passive activities within the social center, and by
keeping the level charges to a very minimum, I have addressed the issue of
ensuring opportunity for its use by all members of the community, including
the aging and disabled.
Early in the design process T h.A
P ocess, I had preconceived notions of introducing
curvalinear building forms to contrast rh. >. A A
contrast the hard edges of the playing courts.
I then disregarded this idea, but not entirely. Slides #47-50 show the
development of the seating area/steps just outside the multipurpose gyms and
parallel with the river. The significance here is that 1 used these curvalinear
steps to relate with the flowing water of the river as well as contrasting with
the hard edge of the building, therefore strengthening its exlstance. These
curvalinear steps shaped the hill that it was on, and this was one way in
which the building attempted to relate with its surroundings. Another way
was through exterior imagery. I switched scales again and began to sketch
in elevation and isometric. To the north of the site were several, old, metal
sheds with huge sliding metal doors, (see slide #51) I drew upon these for
image inspiration. The roof form was pitched, and the building rectangular.
The sliding doors, I envisioned, could be opened to allow the summer winds in,
and the vents at the top to let the hot air out. The pitched roof also
conforms to the residences in the neighborhood. 1 looked at tent structures,
concrete structures, and so on, but I kept coming back to the metal shed.
So, I envisioned this building on my site, and sketched it. (see slide 54)
I drew a solar collector running the full length at the top, glass behind an
aluminum grid sunscreen, horizontal aluminum siding as finish material and
aluminum roll-up doors. To satisfy my imate itch, I drew several more exteriors
elevations and then put these aside. The nature of the interior spaces had
not been addressed physically to this point, so I began to draw in section.
My intentions here were to, first of all, get an idea of ceiling height
requirements in relation to functional activities below. I also wated to
look at this requirement in relation to humans, and explore the aetual
"experiences" of each space. And lastly, I wanted to "see" the technical
aspects of the building come together.
The minimum ceiling hpnoi-,i- ^^
^itig height requirements for indoor tennis (see slide #.53)
conveniently dictated the heieht<? nf i-\.^ •-,-
Lne neights of the ceilmgs in the other spaces. The
lowest height of this rpi1ir>cr -r^ *-u
tnis ceiling m the other spaces. The lowest height of this
ceiling (19') occurs at either enH nf i-\.^ -,• • • ,
eicner end of the imaginary pitch I raised this one foot
and used this 20' line ac- t-Via K,,^IJ-
line as the building organizer. It is where all column to
ceiling connections take place. Once all the ceiling heights were verified with
this dimension, I wanted to create floor level changes. I had to be careful here,
since one of my goals was to make it easily accessible to all-including the
aging and disabled. Rather than having one flat floor spread over the whole
complex, and instead of making full, one story level changes with elevators, I
focused on a four foot change in level, (see slides 56-58) This was subtle
enough to separate the spaces, but not so abrupt that it would be expensive
(like more elevators, more structure, etc). At the lowest level are the highly
active, intensive activities-the participatory spaces. Four feet above and
along these spaces are the spectator and pedestrian circulation spaces, (see
slide #5J6-58) The experience is in looking down from the circulation space
to and through to the participatory space towards the river. This "experience"
takes the observer from the inside of the building to the outside, therefore
making that relationship.
Technically, I wanted my structural support to be as light and open as
possible. I thought of tent structures, but I feared the climate here would
be much too harsh on this. I thought of clear span structure;maybe a
white tubular space frame, but after many sectional sketches, 1 concluded
that this system was too "heavy" looking, (see slides 56-60) Then 1 went
back to the metal shed, and realized its essence-the steel truss. I
embellished on the triangulation, and used the tubular frame concept here.
I envisioned white tubular trusses, spaced every 20' over the multipurpose
courts, and I liked what I saw. (see sketch) Then, I thought about using the
I
-j &lb^..
\
SK ETCH OF GYM
steel tubular triangulation over all of the spaces, and treating each one a
little differently, therefore giving identity to each space. This was another
Intention of mine-to give each activity/space unique identity through form
such that an awareness of that space is enhanced. This was accomplished
throught floor level changes, different structural systems (causing identifiable
roof form and change in ceiling height), floor textures, amount of sunlight,
substantial natural cooling, and degree of view from space to the river.
I envisioned the pedestrian corridors to be atrium walkways, introducing
sunlight into the building along these main axes I Every 20' is an open truss,
emphasizing the rhythm of movement. Conceptually, it is the "spine" that holds
the building together, (please see slides ). These atrium walkways
were designed wider than normal because I feel that a narrow space tends to
PUSH, while a wide space allows for MEANDERING, or even flowing, just like
water, (see slide #6.9). I provided the complex with standard HVAC space and
equipment requirements, with the athletic center and the social center each
having pertanent mechanical rooms. I envisioned "round" ductwork to be
exposed, running the full length of the "spines" and into each space. I
chose this over hiding it behind ceiling furr downs because I have no hung
ceiling (with the exception of the club rooms and restrooms) in which to furr
down fromi The Integrity of the design dictated that the structure and
mechanical systems be exposed such that the "openness" and "expressiveness"
may be more realized and be part of the EXPERIENCE. It was my ultimate
Intention, thou to use the mechanical systems to an absolute minimum, because
responding to site and climatic conditions enables the building to capture
optimum assets and therefore cut down on mechanical and electrical support!
Newspapers:
Poist, Patricia. "City to Pursue Downtown Marketing Plan". Wichita Falls
Record News, January 20, 1985. ~
Poist Patricia. "Rider Plans Image Survey". Wichita Falls Times, November
28, 1984. —
Poist, Patricia. "Rider Students to Survey Attitudes on City Image".
Wichita Falls Record News, December 1, 1984.
Poist, Patricia. "Students to Assess City's Image". Wichita Falls Times.
November 30, 1984.
Poist, Patricia. "Wichitans Draw Wish Life for Rider Student's Survey".
Wichita Falls Times, January 15, 1985.
Poist, Patricia. "Wichitans Want Youth Center, More Industry, Survey Shows",
Wichita Falls Record News, January 16, 1985.
Pamphlets:
City Parks and Recreation Department. "Discover Leisure, Fall Encounter".
Wichita Falls, 1985.
City Parks and Recreation Department. "Discover Leisure, Spring Bouquet
1985". Wichita Falls, 1985.
City Parks and Recreation Department. "Discover Leisure, Summer Getaway".
Wichita Falls, 1985.
City Parks and Recreation Department. "Five Year Capitol Improvement Plan".
Wichita Falls, 1985.
Reports:
Gordon, Lori. "YAAC Ideas on the Greenbelt Area and Recreation Center".
Wichita Falls, 1985.
102