Online training for sap trm
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Management’s attitude towards risk
Type of exposure – Tenure & Cost Firm’s willingness to devote the amount and quality of resource to
exposure management function
Access to various markets & instruments such as forwards, options,
futures etc and there implications
Choice of currency - Dollar / Non- Dollar Gross or Net Exposure to be managed
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NATURE OF RISK
CURRENCY RISK
Dollar vs. INR
a) Spot b) Forward
Cross Currency - DUAL Exposure
INTEREST RATE RISK
Domestic & International
OTHER ECONOMIC RISK
Competitor’s pricing strategy Fluctuations in price of raw
material
Policy changes
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FACTORS AFFECTING RISK
Economic - Domestic & International Political / Country Risk Regulatory Spillover Other untoward events
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IDENTIFYING RISKS
• Strong information system for Currency exposure • Continuous flow of information, review of factors affecting risk • Continuous process involving reading, interaction, experience etc. • Prediction extremely difficult
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CONSERVATIVE APPROACH MODERATE APPROACH
Hedge the exposure as it arises Yields and costs of transactions are known Less risk of cash flow Scope for taking advantage of Partial/Selective hedging
MANAGEMENT’S APPROACH TOWARDS FX-MANAGEMENT
Unlikely to yield optimum
opportunity gains results Helps in averaging out total cost in the market cannot be Management time and effort required encashed
destabilization
Less of management time and effort required
Any opportunity arising
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AGGRESSIVE APPROACH
Active trading in currency Continuous cancellation and rebooking Aim is to treat treasury as a separate profit center Active treasury and management efforts must
High Risk :High Reward scenario
risk-taking appetite of the company.
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Proper evaluation of risk extremely important bearing in mind
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SAP TRM ONLINE TRAINING IN MUMBAI
INDIFFERENT APPROACH
No conscious decision to manage exposure No hedging - everything left to chance Risk of destabilization of cash flows very high Merit – ZERO investment of time and effort Worst approach – Highly speculative
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ONLINE KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT SAP TRM SWAPS
Swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange their liability
(Interest, Principal)
Interest rate swap exchange of periodic interest payments (No exchange of principal). Eg. from fixed rate of interest to floating rate and vice versa. Currency Swap exchange of interest and principal in two different currencies. USAGE Asset/Liability management Issuing or reducing the burden of debt (Please see our FOREX EDUCATION section for detailed understanding of Derivative Products)
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SAP TRM CERTIFICATION
RISK/REWARD
Risk/Reward profile of parties in Interest rate swap
Interest Rate Decreases Interest Rate Increases
Floating rate payer
Fixed rate payer
Gain
Loss
Loss
Gain
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FORWARDS & FUTURES
Forwards
OTC contracts
Tailored contracts Settlement at maturity Credit approval and lines required Bid/Offer spread may vary with customer
Futures
Exchange traded contracts
Standardized contracts Daily cash settlement Margin cost involved Equal access regardless of size
Low commission bid/offer spread on FRAs. Low commission but variable bid/offer spread on forex forwards.
Low commission cost and narrow bid/offer spread on Eurodollar futures. Relatively high commission but narrow bid/offer spread of forex futures.
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FEATURES OF MIS REPORTS
Streamline information Quick glance at current position Tool for day-to-day monitoring Summary for top management Strong back office & reporting system Cost benefit analysis Clinical precision in interpretation of data Identifying exchange risk Monitoring P&L of treasury Evaluation of performance
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RECOMMENDING A STRATEGY
Strategy for Current account
Prevailing market conditions Market perceptions/views
Safeguarding operating profit
Quantify Expectations Choice of currency, Quantum of cover Quantify and analyze cost of exposure with projection And actual
Strategy for Capital account
Tenure and costs involved Currency of Cash flow Reducing cost of interest
Analyzing debt v/s cost and return
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We offer you:
1. Interactive Learning at Learners convenience
2. Industry Savvy Trainers 3. Learn Right from Your Place 4. Customized Curriculum 5. 24/7 system access 6. Highly Affordable Courses 7. Support after Training
a. Resume Preparation
b. Certification Guidance c. Interview assistance
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