SB1070: Arizona Immigration Bill

Governor Jan Brewer signs into law Senate Bill 1070 supported by law enforcement officers from across Arizona state.

Thank You Governor Brewer for Defending America, the US Constitution and Securing the RIG TS !" The American CITI#$%S&& What a tremendous display of COURAGE and la$%

LEADERSIP in signing s

!"#" into

S&A&E'E(& )* ARI+O(A GO,ER(OR -A( )REWER
“Thank you for being here today, to join me as we take another step forward in protecting the state of Arizona. The bill I’m about to sign into law !enate "ill #$%$ represents another tool for our state to use as we work to sol&e a crisis we did not create and the federal go&ernment has refused to fi' ( ( The crisis caused by illegal immigration and Arizona’s porous border. This bill, the !upport )ur *aw +nforcement and !afe ,eighborhoods Act, strengthens the laws of our state. It protects all of us, e&ery Arizona citizen and

e&eryone here in our state lawfully. And, it does so while ensuring that the constitutional rights of A** in Arizona remain solid - stable and steadfast. I will now sign !enate "ill #$%$. .or weeks, this legislation has been the subject of &igorous debate and intense criticism. /y decision to sign it was by no means made lightly. I ha&e listened patiently to both sides. I ha&e considered the significance of this new law long into the night. I ha&e prayed for strength and prayed for our state. I’&e decided to sign !enate "ill #$%$ into law because, though many people disagree, I firmly belie&e it represents what’s best for Arizona. "order0related &iolence and crime due to illegal immigration are critically important issues to the people of our state, to my Administration and to me, as your 1o&ernor and as a citizen. There is no higher priority than protecting the citizens of Arizona. 2e cannot sacrifice our safety to the murderous greed of drug cartels. 2e cannot stand idly by as drop houses, kidnappings and &iolence compromise our 3uality of life.

2e cannot delay while the destruction happening south of our international border creeps its way north. 2e in Arizona ha&e been more than patient waiting for 2ashington to act. "ut decades of federal inaction and misguided policy ha&e created a dangerous and unacceptable situation. 4esterday, I announced the steps I was taking to enhance security along our border. Today with my unwa&ering signature on this legislation Arizona strengthens its security 2IT5I, our borders. *et me be clear, though6 /y signature today represents my steadfast support for enforcing the law - both A1AI,!T illegal immigration A,7 against racial profiling. This legislation mirrors federal laws regarding immigration enforcement. 7espite erroneous and misleading statements suggesting otherwise, the new state misdemeanor crime of willful failure to complete or carry an

alien registration document is adopted, &erbatim, from the same offense found in federal statute. I will ,)T tolerate racial discrimination or racial profiling in Arizona. "ecause I feel so strongly on this subject, I worked for weeks with legislators to amend !" #$%$, to strengthen its ci&il rights protections. That effort led to new language in the bill, language prohibiting law enforcement officers from “solely considering race, color, or national origin in implementing the re3uirements of this section(8 The bill already re3uired that it “shall be implemented in a manner consistent with federal laws regulating immigration, protecting the ci&il rights of all persons and respecting the pri&ileges and immunities of 9nited !tates citizens.8 2hile the general protection was already included, I belie&e the issue is so important, we needed to make it :;4!TA* clear. And I belie&e that we need to more than simply inscribe it in statute. 2ords in a law book are of no use if our police

officers are not properly trained on the pro&isions of !" #$%$, including its ci&il rights pro&isions. Today I am issuing an e'ecuti&e order directing the Arizona <eace )fficer !tandards and Training "oard A=<)!T - to de&elop training to appropriately implement !" #$%$. Importantly, this training will include what 7)+! and 7)+! ,)T constitute “reasonable suspicion8 that a person is not legally present in the 9nited !tates. :urrently, A=<)!T ser&es appro'imately #%$ law enforcement agencies encompassing o&er #>,$$$ sworn peace officers, ?,$$$ correctional ser&ice officers, and #> training academies. The A=<)!T "oard of 7irectors includes the Arizona Attorney 1eneral, the 7irectors of the Arizona 7epartment of <ublic !afety, the Arizona 7epartment of :orrections, se&eral county sheriffs, and local police departments. I am also asking the "oard to make recommendations on possible impro&ements to !" #$%$ before the end of the year. .or @A years in public ser&ice, I ha&e worked without fail to sol&e problems diligently and

practically. I ha&e done so always with an eye toward ci&ility, and always with the greatest respect for the rule of law. This new law is no different6 As committed as I am to protecting our state from crime associated with illegal immigration I am +B9A**4 committed to holding law enforcement accountable should this statute e&er be misused to &iolate an indi&idual’s rights. ;espect for the rule of law means respect for e&ery law. I ha&e led that way e&ery day in e&ery office I ha&e e&er held. That will not change. I ha&e also spent my career in ser&ice to Arizona working to bring people together, no matter the color of their skin and no matter the depth of our disagreements. This bill and this issue will be no e'ception.

2hile protecting our citizens is paramount, it cannot come at the e'pense of the di&ersity that has made Arizona so great. ,or can safety mean a compromise of freedom for some, while we, the many, turn a blind eye. 2e must acknowledge the truth people across America are watching Arizona, seeing how we

implement this law, ready to jump on e&en the slightest misstep. !ome of those people from outside our state ha&e an interest in seeing us fail. They will wait for a single slip0up, one mistake, and then they will work day and night to create headlines and get the face time they so desperately co&et. 2e cannot gi&e them that chance. 2e must use this new tool wisely, and fight for our safety with the honor Arizona deser&es. 2e must react calmly. 2e must enforce the law e&enly, and without regard to skin color, accent, or social status. 2e must pro&e the alarmists and the cynics wrong. I know in my heart that this great state, my home for more than C$ years, is up to the task. I belie&e e&ery one of us wants to be safe, and none of us wants to compromise on the subject of ci&il rights.

I belie&e we must lo&e and honor those who fight beside us just as we must lo&e and honor those who look and belie&e nothing like we do. I belie&e Arizona, like America, is go&erned by laws. 1ood laws ( well0intentioned laws ( laws that confer respect and that demand respect in return. In his third !tate of the 9nion address, <resident Theodore ;oose&elt said, “,o man is abo&e the law and no man is below itD nor do we ask any man’s permission when we re3uire him to obey it. )bedience to the law is demanded as a rightD not asked as a fa&or.8 !o, let us mo&e forward - e&er mindful of our rights ( e&er faithful to the law ( and e&er conscious of our bond as Arizonans, and the blessing we share together.
Thank you.” http://tucsoncitizen.com/mark-evans/archives/236

Ari.ona State SE(A&E )ILL !"#"
-iSenate Engrossed State of Arizona Senate Forty-ninth Legislature Second Regular Session 2010 !+,AT+ "I** #$%$ AN ACT A EN!"N# T"TLE 11$ C%A&TER '$ AR"()NA RE*"SE! STAT+TES$ ,- A!!"N# ART"CLE ./ A EN!"N# T"TLE 10$ C%A&TER 11$ AR"()NA RE*"SE! STAT+TES$ ,- A!!"N# SECT")N 10-1102/ A EN!"N# SECT")N 10-2012$ AR"()NA RE*"SE! STAT+TES/ A EN!"N# T"TLE

10$ C%A&TER 22$ AR"()NA RE*"SE! STAT+TES$ ,- A!!"N# SECT")NS 10-222. AN! 10-2222/ A EN!"N# SECT")NS 20-212$ 20212301$ 20-214 AN! 2.-0111$ AR"()NA RE*"SE! STAT+TES/ A EN!"N# T"TLE 41$ C%A&TER 12$ ART"CLE 2$ AR"()NA RE*"SE! STAT+TES$ ,- A!!"N# SECT")N 41-1'24/ RELAT"N# T) +NLA5F+LL- &RESENT AL"ENS3 6TE7T )F ,"LL ,E#"NS )N NE7T &A#E8 S3,3 10'0 -11 ,e it enacted 9y the Legislature of the State of Arizona: 2 Section 13 "ntent 0 The legislature finds that there is a co;<elling interest in the 4 coo<erati=e enforce;ent of federal i;;igration la>s throughout all of 1 Arizona3 The legislature declares that the intent of this act is to ;a?e @ attrition through enforce;ent the <u9lic <olicy of all state and local ' go=ern;ent agencies in Arizona3 The <ro=isions of this act are intended to . >or? together to discourage and deter the unla>ful entry and <resence of 2 aliens and econo;ic acti=ity 9y <ersons unla>fully <resent in the +nited 10 States3

11 Sec3 23 Title 11$ cha<ter '$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is a;ended 9y 12 adding article .$ to read: 10 ART"CLE .3 ENF)RCE ENT )F " "#RAT")N LA5S 14 11-10113 Coo<eration and assistance in enforce;ent of 11 i;;igration la>s/ inde;nification 1@ A3 N) )FF"C"AL )R A#ENC- )F T%"S STATE )R A C)+NT-$ C"T-$ T)5N )R 1' )T%ER &)L"T"CAL S+,!"*"S")N )F T%"S STATE A- A!)&T A &)L"C- T%AT L" "TS )R 1. RESTR"CTS T%E ENF)RCE ENT )F FE!ERAL " "#RAT")N LA5S T) LESS T%AN T%E F+LL 12 E7TENT &ER "TTE! ,- FE!ERAL LA53 20 ,3 F)R AN- LA5F+L C)NTACT A!E ,- A LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"C"AL )R A#ENC21 )F T%"S STATE )R A C)+NT-$ C"T-$ T)5N )R )T%ER &)L"T"CAL S+,!"*"S")N )F T%"S 22 STATE 5%ERE REAS)NA,LE S+S&"C")N E7"STS T%AT T%E &ERS)N "S AN AL"EN 5%) "S 20 +NLA5F+LL- &RESENT "N T%E +N"TE! STATES$ A REAS)NA,LE ATTE &T S%ALL ,E A!E$ 24 5%EN &RACT"CA,LE$ T) !ETER "NE T%E " "#RAT")N STAT+S )F T%E &ERS)N3 T%E 21 &ERS)NAS " "#RAT")N STAT+S S%ALL ,E *ER"F"E! 5"T% T%E FE!ERAL #)*ERN ENT 2@ &+RS+ANT T) . +N"TE! STATES C)!E SECT")N 10'06c83

2' C3 "F AN AL"EN 5%) "S +NLA5F+LL&RESENT "N T%E +N"TE! STATES "S 2. C)N*"CTE! )F A *")LAT")N )F STATE )R L)CAL LA5$ )N !"SC%AR#E FR) 22 " &R"S)N ENT )R ASSESS ENT )F ANF"NE T%AT "S " &)SE!$ T%E AL"EN S%ALL ,E 00 TRANSFERRE! " E!"ATEL- T) T%E C+ST)!- )F T%E +N"TE! STATES " "#RAT")N AN! 01 C+ST) S ENF)RCE ENT )R T%E +N"TE! STATES C+ST) S AN! ,)R!ER &R)TECT")N3 02 !3 N)T5"T%STAN!"N# AN- )T%ER LA5$ A LA5 ENF)RCE ENT A#ENC- A00 SEC+REL- TRANS&)RT AN AL"EN 5%) "S +NLA5F+LL- &RESENT "N T%E +N"TE! STATES 04 AN! 5%) "S "N T%E A#ENC-AS C+ST)!- T) A FE!ERAL FAC"L"T- "N T%"S STATE )R T) 01 AN- )T%ER &)"NT )F TRANSFER "NT) FE!ERAL C+ST)!- T%AT "S )+TS"!E T%E 0@ B+R"S!"CT")N )F T%E LA5 ENF)RCE ENT A#ENC-3 0' E3 A LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CER$ 5"T%)+T A 5ARRANT$ A- ARREST A &ERS)N 0. "F T%E )FF"CER %AS &R),A,LE CA+SE T) ,EL"E*E T%AT T%E &ERS)N %AS C) "TTE! 02 AN- &+,L"C )FFENSE T%AT ACES T%E &ERS)N RE )*A,LE FR) T%E +N"TE! STATES3 40 F3 E7CE&T AS &R)*"!E! "N FE!ERAL LA5$ )FF"C"ALS )R A#ENC"ES )F T%"S

41 STATE AN! C)+NT"ES$ C"T"ES$ T)5NS AN! )T%ER &)L"T"CAL S+,!"*"S")NS )F T%"S 42 STATE A- N)T ,E &R)%","TE! )R "N AN5A- ,E RESTR"CTE! FR) SEN!"N#$ 40 RECE"*"N# )R A"NTA"N"N# "NF)R AT")N RELAT"N# T) T%E " "#RAT")N STAT+S )F 44 AN- "N!"*"!+AL )R E7C%AN#"N# T%AT "NF)R AT")N 5"T% AN- )T%ER FE!ERAL$ STATE 41 )R L)CAL #)*ERN ENTAL ENT"T- F)R T%E F)LL)5"N# )FF"C"AL &+R&)SES: S3,3 10'0 -21 13 !ETER "N"N# EL"#","L"T- F)R AN- &+,L"C ,ENEF"T$ SER*"CE )R L"CENSE 2 &R)*"!E! ,- AN- FE!ERAL$ STATE$ L)CAL )R )T%ER &)L"T"CAL S+,!"*"S")N )F T%"S 0 STATE3 4 23 *ER"F-"N# AN- CLA" )F RES"!ENCE )R !) "C"LE "F !ETER "NAT")N )F 1 RES"!ENCE )R !) "C"LE "S RED+"RE! +N!ER T%E LA5S )F T%"S STATE )R A B+!"C"AL @ )R!ER "SS+E! &+RS+ANT T) A C"*"L )R CR" "NAL &R)CEE!"N# "N T%"S STATE3 ' 03 C)NF"R "N# T%E "!ENT"T- )F AN&ERS)N 5%) "S !ETA"NE!3 . 43 "F T%E &ERS)N "S AN AL"EN$ !ETER "N"N# 5%ET%ER T%E &ERS)N "S "N

2 C) &L"ANCE 5"T% T%E FE!ERAL RE#"STRAT")N LA5S &RESCR",E! ,- T"TLE ""$ C%A&TER 10 ' )F T%E FE!ERAL " "#RAT")N AN! NAT")NAL"T- ACT3 11 #3 A &ERS)N A- ,R"N# AN ACT")N "N S+&ER")R C)+RT T) C%ALLEN#E AN12 )FF"C"AL )R A#ENC- )F T%"S STATE )R A C)+NT-$ C"T-$ T)5N )R )T%ER &)L"T"CAL 10 S+,!"*"S")N )F T%"S STATE T%AT A!)&TS )R " &LE ENTS A &)L"C- T%AT L" "TS )R 14 RESTR"CTS T%E ENF)RCE ENT )F FE!ERAL " "#RAT")N LA5S T) LESS T%AN T%E F+LL 11 E7TENT &ER "TTE! ,- FE!ERAL LA53 "F T%ERE "S A B+!"C"AL F"N!"N# T%AT AN 1@ ENT"T- %AS *")LATE! T%"S SECT")N$ T%E C)+RT S%ALL )R!ER AN- )F T%E F)LL)5"N#: 1' 13 T%AT T%E &ERS)N 5%) ,R)+#%T T%E ACT")N REC)*ER C)+RT C)STS AN! 1. ATT)RNE- FEES3 12 23 T%AT T%E ENT"T- &A- A C"*"L &ENALT- )F N)T LESS T%AN )NE T%)+SAN! 20 !)LLARS AN! N)T )RE T%AN F"*E T%)+SAN! !)LLARS F)R EAC% !A- T%AT T%E &)L"C21 %AS RE A"NE! "N EFFECT AFTER T%E F"L"N# )F AN ACT")N &+RS+ANT T) T%"S 22 S+,SECT")N3 20 %3 A C)+RT S%ALL C)LLECT T%E C"*"L &ENALT- &RESCR",E! "N S+,SECT")N #

24 AN! RE "T T%E C"*"L &ENALT- T) T%E !E&ART ENT )F &+,L"C SAFET- F)R !E&)S"T "N 21 T%E #AN# AN! " "#RAT")N "NTELL"#ENCE TEA ENF)RCE ENT "SS")N F+N! 2@ ESTA,L"S%E! ,- SECT")N 41-1'243 2' "3 A LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CER "S "N!E N"F"E! ,- T%E LA5 ENF)RCE ENT 2. )FF"CERAS A#ENC- A#A"NST REAS)NA,LE C)STS AN! E7&ENSES$ "NCL+!"N# ATT)RNE22 FEES$ "NC+RRE! ,- T%E )FF"CER "N C)NNECT")N 5"T% AN- ACT")N$ S+"T )R 00 &R)CEE!"N# ,R)+#%T &+RS+ANT T) T%"S SECT")N T) 5%"C% T%E )FF"CER A- ,E A 01 &ART- ,- REAS)N )F T%E )FF"CER ,E"N# )R %A*"N# ,EEN A E ,ER )F T%E LA5 02 ENF)RCE ENT A#ENC-$ E7CE&T "N RELAT")N T) ATTERS "N 5%"C% T%E )FF"CER "S 00 A!B+!#E! T) %A*E ACTE! "N ,A! FA"T%3 04 B3 T%"S SECT")N S%ALL ,E " &LE ENTE! "N A ANNER C)NS"STENT 5"T% 01 FE!ERAL LA5S RE#+LAT"N# " "#RAT")N$ &R)TECT"N# T%E C"*"L R"#%TS )F ALL 0@ &ERS)NS AN! RES&ECT"N# T%E &R"*"LE#ES AN! " +N"T"ES )F +N"TE! STATES 0' C"T"(ENS3 0. Sec3 03 Title 10$ cha<ter 11$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is a;ended 9y 02 adding section 10-1102$ to read:

40 10-11023 Tres<assing 9y illegal aliens/ assess;ent/ eEce<tion/ 41 classification 42 A3 "N A!!"T")N T) AN- *")LAT")N )F FE!ERAL LA5$ A &ERS)N "S #+"LT- )F 40 TRES&ASS"N# "F T%E &ERS)N "S ,)T%: 44 13 &RESENT )N AN- &+,L"C )R &R"*ATE LAN! "N T%"S STATE3 41 23 "N *")LAT")N )F . +N"TE! STATES C)!E SECT")N 10046e8 )R 100@6a83 S3,3 10'0 -01 ,3 "N T%E ENF)RCE ENT )F T%"S SECT")N$ T%E F"NAL !ETER "NAT")N )F AN 2 AL"ENAS " "#RAT")N STAT+S S%ALL ,E !ETER "NE! ,- E"T%ER: 0 13 A LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CER 5%) "S A+T%)R"(E! ,- T%E FE!ERAL 4 #)*ERN ENT T) *ER"F- )R ASCERTA"N AN AL"ENAS " "#RAT")N STAT+S3 1 23 A LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CER )R A#ENCC) +N"CAT"N# 5"T% T%E +N"TE! @ STATES " "#RAT")N AN! C+ST) S ENF)RCE ENT )R T%E +N"TE! STATES ,)R!ER ' &R)TECT")N &+RS+ANT T) . +N"TE! STATES C)!E SECT")N 10'06c83 . C3 A &ERS)N 5%) "S SENTENCE! &+RS+ANT T) T%"S SECT")N "S N)T EL"#",LE

2 F)R S+S&ENS")N )R C) +TAT")N )F SENTENCE )R RELEASE )N AN- ,AS"S +NT"L T%E 10 SENTENCE " &)SE! "S SER*E!3 11 !3 "N A!!"T")N T) AN- )T%ER &ENALT&RESCR",E! ,- LA5$ T%E C)+RT S%ALL 12 )R!ER T%E &ERS)N T) &A- BA"L C)STS AN! AN A!!"T")NAL ASSESS ENT "N T%E 10 F)LL)5"N# A )+NTS: 14 13 AT LEAST F"*E %+N!RE! !)LLARS F)R A F"RST *")LAT")N3 11 23 T5"CE T%E A )+NT S&EC"F"E! "N &ARA#RA&% 1 )F T%"S S+,SECT")N "F T%E 1@ &ERS)N 5AS &RE*")+SL- S+,BECT T) AN ASSESS ENT &+RS+ANT T) T%"S S+,SECT")N3 1' E3 A C)+RT S%ALL C)LLECT T%E ASSESS ENTS &RESCR",E! "N S+,SECT")N ! )F 1. T%"S SECT")N AN! RE "T T%E ASSESS ENTS T) T%E !E&ART ENT )F &+,L"C SAFET-$ 12 5%"C% S%ALL ESTA,L"S% A S&EC"AL S+,ACC)+NT F)R T%E )N"ES "N T%E ACC)+NT 20 ESTA,L"S%E! F)R T%E #AN# AN! " "#RAT")N "NTELL"#ENCE TEA ENF)RCE ENT 21 "SS")N A&&R)&R"AT")N3 )N"ES "N T%E S&EC"AL S+,ACC)+NT ARE S+,BECT T) 22 LE#"SLAT"*E A&&R)&R"AT")N F)R !"STR",+T")N F)R #AN# AN! " "#RAT")N

20 ENF)RCE ENT AN! F)R C)+NT- BA"L RE" ,+RSE ENT C)STS RELAT"N# T) "LLE#AL 24 " "#RAT")N3 21 F3 T%"S SECT")N !)ES N)T A&&L- T) A &ERS)N 5%) A"NTA"NS A+T%)R"(AT")N 2@ FR) T%E FE!ERAL #)*ERN ENT T) RE A"N "N T%E +N"TE! STATES3 2' #3 A *")LAT")N )F T%"S SECT")N "S A CLASS 1 "S!E EAN)R$ E7CE&T T%AT A 2. *")LAT")N )F T%"S SECT")N "S: 22 13 A CLASS 0 FEL)N- "F T%E &ERS)N *")LATES T%"S SECT")N 5%"LE "N 00 &)SSESS")N )F AN- )F T%E F)LL)5"N#: 01 6a8 A !AN#ER)+S !R+# AS !EF"NE! "N SECT")N 10-04013 02 698 &REC+RS)R C%E "CALS T%AT ARE +SE! "N T%E AN+FACT+R"N# )F 00 ET%A &%ETA "NE "N *")LAT")N )F SECT")N 10-04043013 04 6c8 A !EA!L- 5EA&)N )R A !AN#ER)+S "NSTR+ ENT$ AS !EF"NE! "N SECT")N 01 10-1013 0@ 6d8 &R)&ERT- T%AT "S +SE! F)R T%E &+R&)SE )F C) "TT"N# AN ACT )F 0' TERR)R"S AS &RESCR",E! "N SECT")N 10200.3013 0. 23 A CLASS 4 FEL)N- "F T%E &ERS)N E"T%ER: 02 6a8 "S C)N*"CTE! )F A SEC)N! )R S+,SED+ENT *")LAT")N )F T%"S SECT")N3

40 698 5"T%"N S"7T- )NT%S ,EF)RE T%E *")LAT")N$ %AS ,EEN RE )*E! FR) 41 T%E +N"TE! STATES &+RS+ANT T) . +N"TE! STATES C)!E SECT")N 1222a )R %AS 42 ACCE&TE! A *)L+NTAR- RE )*AL FR) T%E +N"TE! STATES &+RS+ANT T) . +N"TE! 40 STATES C)!E SECT")N 1222c3 S3,3 10'0 -41 Sec3 43 Section 10-2012$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is a;ended to read: 2 10-20123 S;uggling/ classification/ definitions 0 A3 "t is unla>ful for a <erson to intentionally engage in the 4 s;uggling of hu;an 9eings for <rofit or co;;ercial <ur<ose3 1 ,3 A =iolation of this section is a class 4 felony3 @ C3 Not>ithstanding su9section , of this section$ a =iolation of this ' section: . 13 "s a class 2 felony if the hu;an 9eing >ho is s;uggled is under 2 eighteen years of age and is not acco;<anied 9y a fa;ily ;e;9er o=er eighteen 10 years of age or the offense in=ol=ed the use of a deadly >ea<on or dangerous 11 instru;ent3 12 23 "s a class 0 felony if the offense in=ol=es the use or threatened

10 use of deadly <hysical force and the <erson is not eligi9le for sus<ension of 14 sentence$ <ro9ation$ <ardon or release fro; confine;ent on any other 9asis 11 eEce<t <ursuant to section 01-200$ su9section A or , until the sentence 1@ i;<osed 9y the court is ser=ed$ the <erson is eligi9le for release <ursuant 1' to section 41-1@0430' or the sentence is co;;uted3 1. !3 Cha<ter 10 of this title does not a<<ly to a =iolation of 12 su9section C$ <aragra<h 1 of this section3 20 E3 N)T5"T%STAN!"N# AN- )T%ER LA5$ A &EACE )FF"CER A- LA5F+LL- ST)& 21 AN- &ERS)N 5%) "S )&ERAT"N# A )T)R *E%"CLE "F T%E )FF"CER %AS REAS)NA,LE 22 S+S&"C")N T) ,EL"E*E T%E &ERS)N "S "N *")LAT")N )F AN- C"*"L TRAFF"C LA5 AN! 20 T%"S SECT")N3 24 E3 F3 For the <ur<oses of this section: 21 13 FFa;ily ;e;9erF ;eans the <ersonAs <arent$ grand<arent$ si9ling or 2@ any other <erson >ho is related to the <erson 9y consanguinity or affinity to 2' the second degree3 2. 23 F&rocure;ent of trans<ortationF ;eans any <artici<ation in or 22 facilitation of trans<ortation and includes:

00 6a8 &ro=iding ser=ices that facilitate trans<ortation including tra=el 01 arrange;ent ser=ices or ;oney trans;ission ser=ices3 02 698 &ro=iding <ro<erty that facilitates trans<ortation$ including a 00 >ea<on$ a =ehicle or other ;eans of trans<ortation or false identification$ 04 or selling$ leasing$ renting or other>ise ;a?ing a=aila9le a dro< house as 01 defined in section 10-20223 0@ 03 FS;uggling of hu;an 9eingsF ;eans the trans<ortation$ <rocure;ent 0' of trans<ortation or use of <ro<erty or real <ro<erty 9y a <erson or an 0. entity that ?no>s or has reason to ?no> that the <erson or <ersons 02 trans<orted or to 9e trans<orted are not +nited States citizens$ <er;anent 40 resident aliens or <ersons other>ise la>fully in this state or ha=e atte;<ted 41 to enter$ entered or re;ained in the +nited States in =iolation of la>3 S3,3 10'0 -11 Sec3 13 Title 10$ cha<ter 22$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is a;ended 9y 2 adding sections 10-222. and 10-2222$ to read: 0 10-222.3 +nla>ful sto<<ing to hire and <ic? u< <assengers for

4 >or?/ unla>ful a<<lication$ solicitation or 1 e;<loy;ent/ classification/ definitions @ A3 "T "S +NLA5F+L F)R AN )CC+&ANT )F A )T)R *E%"CLE T%AT "S ST)&&E! ' )N A STREET$ R)A!5A- )R %"#%5A- T) ATTE &T T) %"RE )R %"RE AN! &"CC +& . &ASSEN#ERS F)R 5)RC AT A !"FFERENT L)CAT")N "F T%E )T)R *E%"CLE ,L)CCS )R 2 " &E!ES T%E N)R AL )*E ENT )F TRAFF"C3 10 ,3 "T "S +NLA5F+L F)R A &ERS)N T) ENTER A )T)R *E%"CLE T%AT "S 11 ST)&&E! )N A STREET$ R)A!5A- )R %"#%5A- "N )R!ER T) ,E %"RE! ,- AN )CC+&ANT 12 )F T%E )T)R *E%"CLE AN! T) ,E TRANS&)RTE! T) 5)RC AT A !"FFERENT L)CAT")N "F 10 T%E )T)R *E%"CLE ,L)CCS )R " &E!ES T%E N)R AL )*E ENT )F TRAFF"C3 14 C3 "T "S +NLA5F+L F)R A &ERS)N 5%) "S +NLA5F+LL- &RESENT "N T%E +N"TE! 11 STATES AN! 5%) "S AN +NA+T%)R"(E! AL"EN T) CN)5"N#L- A&&L- F)R 5)RC$ S)L"C"T 1@ 5)RC "N A &+,L"C &LACE )R &ERF)R 5)RC AS AN E &L)-EE )R "N!E&EN!ENT 1' C)NTRACT)R "N T%"S STATE3 1. !3 A *")LAT")N )F T%"S SECT")N "S A CLASS 1 "S!E EAN)R3

12 E3 F)R T%E &+R&)SES )F T%"S SECT")N: 20 13 FS)L"C"TF EANS *ER,AL )R N)N*ER,AL C) +N"CAT")N ,- A #EST+RE )R A 21 N)! T%AT 5)+L! "N!"CATE T) A REAS)NA,LE &ERS)N T%AT A &ERS)N "S 5"LL"N# T) ,E 22 E &L)-E!3 20 23 F+NA+T%)R"(E! AL"ENF EANS AN AL"EN 5%) !)ES N)T %A*E T%E LE#AL 24 R"#%T )R A+T%)R"(AT")N +N!ER FE!ERAL LA5 T) 5)RC "N T%E +N"TE! STATES AS 21 !ESCR",E! "N . +N"TE! STATES C)!E SECT")N 1024a6h86083 2@ 10-22223 +nla>ful trans<orting$ ;o=ing$ concealing$ har9oring 2' or shielding of unla>ful aliens/ =ehicle 2. i;<ound;ent/ classification 22 A3 "T "S +NLA5F+L F)R A &ERS)N 5%) "S "N *")LAT")N )F A CR" "NAL 00 )FFENSE T): 01 13 TRANS&)RT )R )*E )R ATTE &T T) TRANS&)RT )R )*E AN AL"EN "N T%"S 02 STATE "N A EANS )F TRANS&)RTAT")N "F T%E &ERS)N CN)5S )R RECCLESSL00 !"SRE#AR!S T%E FACT T%AT T%E AL"EN %AS C) E T)$ %AS ENTERE! )R RE A"NS "N T%E 04 +N"TE! STATES "N *")LAT")N )F LA53 01 23 C)NCEAL$ %AR,)R )R S%"EL! )R ATTE &T T) C)NCEAL$ %AR,)R )R S%"EL!

0@ AN AL"EN FR) !ETECT")N "N AN- &LACE "N T%"S STATE$ "NCL+!"N# AN- ,+"L!"N# )R 0' AN- EANS )F TRANS&)RTAT")N$ "F T%E &ERS)N CN)5S )R RECCLESSL- !"SRE#AR!S T%E 0. FACT T%AT T%E AL"EN %AS C) E T)$ %AS ENTERE! )R RE A"NS "N T%E +N"TE! STATES 02 "N *")LAT")N )F LA53 40 03 ENC)+RA#E )R "N!+CE AN AL"EN T) C) E T) )R RES"!E "N T%"S STATE "F 41 T%E &ERS)N CN)5S )R RECCLESSL!"SRE#AR!S T%E FACT T%AT S+C% C) "N# T)$ 42 ENTER"N# )R RES"!"N# "N T%"S STATE "S )R 5"LL ,E "N *")LAT")N )F LA53 40 ,3 A EANS )F TRANS&)RTAT")N T%AT "S +SE! "N T%E C) "SS")N )F A 44 *")LAT")N )F T%"S SECT")N "S S+,BECT T) AN!AT)R- *E%"CLE " ),"L"(AT")N )R 41 " &)+N! ENT &+RS+ANT T) SECT")N 2.01113 S3,3 10'0 -@1 C3 A &ERS)N 5%) *")LATES T%"S SECT")N "S #+"LT- )F A CLASS 1 2 "S!E EAN)R AN! "S S+,BECT T) A F"NE )F AT LEAST )NE T%)+SAN! !)LLARS$ E7CE&T 0 T%AT A *")LAT")N )F T%"S SECT")N T%AT "N*)L*ES TEN )R )RE "LLE#AL AL"ENS "S

4 A CLASS @ FEL)N- AN! T%E &ERS)N "S S+,BECT T) A F"NE )F AT LEAST )NE T%)+SAN! 1 !)LLARS F)R EAC% AL"EN 5%) "S "N*)L*E!3 @ Sec3 @3 Section 20-212$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is a;ended to read: ' 20-2123 Cno>ingly e;<loying unauthorized aliens/ <rohi9ition/ . false and fri=olous co;<laints/ =iolation/ 2 classification/ license sus<ension and re=ocation/ 10 affir;ati=e defense 11 A3 An e;<loyer shall not ?no>ingly e;<loy an unauthorized alien3 "f$ 12 in the case >hen an e;<loyer uses a contract$ su9contract or other 10 inde<endent contractor agree;ent to o9tain the la9or of an alien in this 14 state$ the e;<loyer ?no>ingly contracts >ith an unauthorized alien or >ith a 11 <erson >ho e;<loys or contracts >ith an unauthorized alien to <erfor; the 1@ la9or$ the e;<loyer =iolates this su9section3 1' ,3 The attorney general shall <rescri9e a co;<laint for; for a <erson 1. to allege a =iolation of su9section A of this section3 The co;<lainant shall 12 not 9e reGuired to list the co;<lainantAs social security nu;9er on the 20 co;<laint for; or to ha=e the co;<laint for; notarized3 )n recei<t of a

21 co;<laint on a <rescri9ed co;<laint for; that an e;<loyer allegedly ?no>ingly 22 e;<loys an unauthorized alien$ the attorney general or county attorney shall 20 in=estigate >hether the e;<loyer has =iolated su9section A of this section3 24 "f a co;<laint is recei=ed 9ut is not su9;itted on a <rescri9ed co;<laint 21 for;$ the attorney general or county attorney ;ay in=estigate >hether the 2@ e;<loyer has =iolated su9section A of this section3 This su9section shall 2' not 9e construed to <rohi9it the filing of anony;ous co;<laints that are not 2. su9;itted on a <rescri9ed co;<laint for;3 The attorney general or county 22 attorney shall not in=estigate co;<laints that are 9ased solely on race$ 00 color or national origin3 A co;<laint that is su9;itted to a county attorney 01 shall 9e su9;itted to the county attorney in the county in >hich the alleged 02 unauthorized alien is or >as e;<loyed 9y the e;<loyer3 The county sheriff or 00 any other local la> enforce;ent agency ;ay assist in in=estigating a 04 co;<laint3 5hen in=estigating a co;<laint$ the attorney general or county 01 attorney shall =erify the >or? authorization of the alleged unauthorized

0@ alien >ith the federal go=ern;ent <ursuant to . +nited States Code section 0' 10'06c83 A state$ county or local official shall not atte;<t to 0. inde<endently ;a?e a final deter;ination on >hether an alien is authorized to 02 >or? in the +nited States3 An alienAs i;;igration status or >or? 40 authorization status shall 9e =erified >ith the federal go=ern;ent <ursuant 41 to . +nited States Code section 10'06c83 A <erson >ho ?no>ingly files a 42 false and fri=olous co;<laint under this su9section is guilty of a class 0 40 ;isde;eanor3 S3,3 10'0 -'1 C3 "f$ after an in=estigation$ the attorney general or county attorney 2 deter;ines that the co;<laint is not false and fri=olous: 0 13 The attorney general or county attorney shall notify the +nited 4 States i;;igration and custo;s enforce;ent of the unauthorized alien3 1 23 The attorney general or county attorney shall notify the local la> @ enforce;ent agency of the unauthorized alien3 ' 03 The attorney general shall notify the a<<ro<riate county attorney

. to 9ring an action <ursuant to su9section ! of this section if the co;<laint 2 >as originally filed >ith the attorney general3 10 !3 An action for a =iolation of su9section A of this section shall 9e 11 9rought against the e;<loyer 9y the county attorney in the county >here the 12 unauthorized alien e;<loyee is or >as e;<loyed 9y the e;<loyer3 The county 10 attorney shall not 9ring an action against any e;<loyer for any =iolation of 14 su9section A of this section that occurs 9efore Banuary 1$ 200.3 A second 11 =iolation of this section shall 9e 9ased only on an unauthorized alien >ho is 1@ or >as e;<loyed 9y the e;<loyer after an action has 9een 9rought for a 1' =iolation of su9section A of this section or section 20-212301$ su9section A3 1. E3 For any action in su<erior court under this section$ the court 12 shall eE<edite the action$ including assigning the hearing at the earliest 20 <ractica9le date3 21 F3 )n a finding of a =iolation of su9section A of this section: 22 13 For a first =iolation$ as descri9ed in <aragra<h 0 of this 20 su9section$ the court:

24 6a8 Shall order the e;<loyer to ter;inate the e;<loy;ent of all 21 unauthorized aliens3 2@ 698 Shall order the e;<loyer to 9e su9Hect to a three year 2' <ro9ationary <eriod for the 9usiness location >here the unauthorized alien 2. <erfor;ed >or?3 !uring the <ro9ationary <eriod the e;<loyer shall file 22 Guarterly re<orts in the for; <ro=ided in section 20-'22301 >ith the county 00 attorney of each ne> e;<loyee >ho is hired 9y the e;<loyer at the 9usiness 01 location >here the unauthorized alien <erfor;ed >or?3 02 6c8 Shall order the e;<loyer to file a signed s>orn affida=it >ith the 00 county attorney >ithin three 9usiness days after the order is issued3 The 04 affida=it shall state that the e;<loyer has ter;inated the e;<loy;ent of all 01 unauthorized aliens in this state and that the e;<loyer >ill not 0@ intentionally or ?no>ingly e;<loy an unauthorized alien in this state3 The 0' court shall order the a<<ro<riate agencies to sus<end all licenses su9Hect to 0. this su9di=ision that are held 9y the e;<loyer if the e;<loyer fails to file

02 a signed s>orn affida=it >ith the county attorney >ithin three 9usiness days 40 after the order is issued3 All licenses that are sus<ended under this 41 su9di=ision shall re;ain sus<ended until the e;<loyer files a signed s>orn 42 affida=it >ith the county attorney3 Not>ithstanding any other la>$ on filing 40 of the affida=it the sus<ended licenses shall 9e reinstated i;;ediately 9y 44 the a<<ro<riate agencies3 For the <ur<oses of this su9di=ision$ the licenses 41 that are su9Hect to sus<ension under this su9di=ision are all licenses that S3,3 10'0 -.1 are held 9y the e;<loyer s<ecific to the 9usiness location >here the 2 unauthorized alien <erfor;ed >or?3 "f the e;<loyer does not hold a license 0 s<ecific to the 9usiness location >here the unauthorized alien <erfor;ed 4 >or?$ 9ut a license is necessary to o<erate the e;<loyerAs 9usiness in 1 general$ the licenses that are su9Hect to sus<ension under this su9di=ision @ are all licenses that are held 9y the e;<loyer at the e;<loyerAs <ri;ary ' <lace of 9usiness3 )n recei<t of the courtAs order and not>ithstanding any

. other la>$ the a<<ro<riate agencies shall sus<end the licenses according to 2 the courtAs order3 The court shall send a co<y of the courtAs order to the 10 attorney general and the attorney general shall ;aintain the co<y <ursuant to 11 su9section # of this section3 12 6d8 ay order the a<<ro<riate agencies to sus<end all licenses 10 descri9ed in su9di=ision 6c8 of this <aragra<h that are held 9y the e;<loyer 14 for not to eEceed ten 9usiness days3 The court shall 9ase its decision to 11 sus<end under this su9di=ision on any e=idence or infor;ation su9;itted to it 1@ during the action for a =iolation of this su9section and shall consider the 1' follo>ing factors$ if rele=ant: 1. 6i8 The nu;9er of unauthorized aliens e;<loyed 9y the e;<loyer3 12 6ii8 Any <rior ;isconduct 9y the e;<loyer3 20 6iii8 The degree of har; resulting fro; the =iolation3 21 6i=8 5hether the e;<loyer ;ade good faith efforts to co;<ly >ith any 22 a<<lica9le reGuire;ents3 20 6=8 The duration of the =iolation3 24 6=i8 The role of the directors$ officers or <rinci<als of the e;<loyer 21 in the =iolation3

2@ 6=ii8 Any other factors the court dee;s a<<ro<riate3 2' 23 For a second =iolation$ as descri9ed in <aragra<h 0 of this 2. su9section$ the court shall order the a<<ro<riate agencies to <er;anently 22 re=o?e all licenses that are held 9y the e;<loyer s<ecific to the 9usiness 00 location >here the unauthorized alien <erfor;ed >or?3 "f the e;<loyer does 01 not hold a license s<ecific to the 9usiness location >here the unauthorized 02 alien <erfor;ed >or?$ 9ut a license is necessary to o<erate the e;<loyerAs 00 9usiness in general$ the court shall order the a<<ro<riate agencies to 04 <er;anently re=o?e all licenses that are held 9y the e;<loyer at the 01 e;<loyerAs <ri;ary <lace of 9usiness3 )n recei<t of the order and 0@ not>ithstanding any other la>$ the a<<ro<riate agencies shall i;;ediately 0' re=o?e the licenses3 0. 03 The =iolation shall 9e considered: 02 6a8 A first =iolation 9y an e;<loyer at a 9usiness location if the 40 =iolation did not occur during a <ro9ationary <eriod ordered 9y the court 41 under this su9section or section 20-212301$ su9section F for that e;<loyerAs

42 9usiness location3 40 698 A second =iolation 9y an e;<loyer at a 9usiness location if the 44 =iolation occurred during a <ro9ationary <eriod ordered 9y the court under S3,3 10'0 -21 this su9section or section 20-212301$ su9section F for that e;<loyerAs 2 9usiness location3 0 #3 The attorney general shall ;aintain co<ies of court orders that are 4 recei=ed <ursuant to su9section F of this section and shall ;aintain a 1 data9ase of the e;<loyers and 9usiness locations that ha=e a first =iolation @ of su9section A of this section and ;a?e the court orders a=aila9le on the ' attorney generalAs >e9site3 . %3 )n deter;ining >hether an e;<loyee is an unauthorized alien$ the 2 court shall consider only the federal go=ern;entAs deter;ination <ursuant to 10 . +nited States Code section 10'06c83 The federal go=ern;entAs deter;ination 11 creates a re9utta9le <resu;<tion of the e;<loyeeAs la>ful status3 The court 12 ;ay ta?e Hudicial notice of the federal go=ern;entAs deter;ination and ;ay

10 reGuest the federal go=ern;ent to <ro=ide auto;ated or testi;onial 14 =erification <ursuant to . +nited States Code section 10'06c83 11 "3 For the <ur<oses of this section$ <roof of =erifying the e;<loy;ent 1@ authorization of an e;<loyee through the e=erify <rogra; creates a 1' re9utta9le <resu;<tion that an e;<loyer did not ?no>ingly e;<loy an 1. unauthorized alien3 12 B3 For the <ur<oses of this section$ an e;<loyer that esta9lishes that 20 it has co;<lied in good faith >ith the reGuire;ents of . +nited States Code 21 section 1024a698 esta9lishes an affir;ati=e defense that the e;<loyer did not 22 ?no>ingly e;<loy an unauthorized alien3 An e;<loyer is considered to ha=e 20 co;<lied >ith the reGuire;ents of . +nited States Code section 1024a698$ 24 not>ithstanding an isolated$ s<oradic or accidental technical or <rocedural 21 failure to ;eet the reGuire;ents$ if there is a good faith atte;<t to co;<ly 2@ >ith the reGuire;ents3 2' C3 "T "S AN AFF"R AT"*E !EFENSE T) A *")LAT")N )F S+,SECT")N A )F T%"S

2. SECT")N T%AT T%E E &L)-ER 5AS ENTRA&&E!3 T) CLA" ENTRA& ENT$ T%E E &L)-ER 22 +ST A! "T ,- T%E E &L)-ERAS TEST" )N- )R )T%ER E*"!ENCE T%E S+,STANT"AL 00 ELE ENTS )F T%E *")LAT")N3 AN E &L)-ER 5%) ASSERTS AN ENTRA& ENT !EFENSE %AS 01 T%E ,+R!EN )F &R)*"N# T%E F)LL)5"N# ,- CLEAR AN! C)N*"NC"N# E*"!ENCE: 02 13 T%E "!EA )F C) "TT"N# T%E *")LAT")N STARTE! 5"T% LA5 ENF)RCE ENT 00 )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS RAT%ER T%AN 5"T% T%E E &L)-ER3 04 23 T%E LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS +R#E! AN! "N!+CE! T%E 01 E &L)-ER T) C) "T T%E *")LAT")N3 0@ 03 T%E E &L)-ER 5AS N)T &RE!"S&)SE! T) C) "T T%E *")LAT")N ,EF)RE T%E 0' LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS +R#E! AN! "N!+CE! T%E E &L)-ER T) 0. C) "T T%E *")LAT")N3 02 L3 AN E &L)-ER !)ES N)T ESTA,L"S% ENTRA& ENT "F T%E E &L)-ER 5AS 40 &RE!"S&)SE! T) *")LATE S+,SECT")N A )F T%"S SECT")N AN! T%E LA5 ENF)RCE ENT

41 )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS EREL&R)*"!E! T%E E &L)-ER 5"T% AN )&&)RT+N"T- T) 42 C) "T T%E *")LAT")N3 "T "S N)T ENTRA& ENT F)R LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CERS )R 40 T%E"R A#ENTS EREL- T) +SE A R+SE )R T) C)NCEAL T%E"R "!ENT"T-3 T%E C)N!+CT 44 )F LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CERS AN! T%E"R A#ENTS A- ,E C)NS"!ERE! "N !ETER "N"N# 41 "F AN E &L)-ER %AS &R)*EN ENTRA& ENT3 S3,3 10'0 - 10 1 Sec3 '3 Section 20-212301$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is a;ended to 2 read: 0 20-2123013 "ntentionally e;<loying unauthorized aliens/ 4 <rohi9ition/ false and fri=olous co;<laints/ 1 =iolation/ classification/ license sus<ension and @ re=ocation/ affir;ati=e defense ' A3 An e;<loyer shall not intentionally e;<loy an unauthorized alien3 . "f$ in the case >hen an e;<loyer uses a contract$ su9contract or other 2 inde<endent contractor agree;ent to o9tain the la9or of an alien in this 10 state$ the e;<loyer intentionally contracts >ith an unauthorized alien or

11 >ith a <erson >ho e;<loys or contracts >ith an unauthorized alien to <erfor; 12 the la9or$ the e;<loyer =iolates this su9section3 10 ,3 The attorney general shall <rescri9e a co;<laint for; for a <erson 14 to allege a =iolation of su9section A of this section3 The co;<lainant shall 11 not 9e reGuired to list the co;<lainantAs social security nu;9er on the 1@ co;<laint for; or to ha=e the co;<laint for; notarized3 )n recei<t of a 1' co;<laint on a <rescri9ed co;<laint for; that an e;<loyer allegedly 1. intentionally e;<loys an unauthorized alien$ the attorney general or county 12 attorney shall in=estigate >hether the e;<loyer has =iolated su9section A of 20 this section3 "f a co;<laint is recei=ed 9ut is not su9;itted on a 21 <rescri9ed co;<laint for;$ the attorney general or county attorney ;ay 22 in=estigate >hether the e;<loyer has =iolated su9section A of this section3 20 This su9section shall not 9e construed to <rohi9it the filing of anony;ous 24 co;<laints that are not su9;itted on a <rescri9ed co;<laint for;3 The 21 attorney general or county attorney shall not in=estigate co;<laints that are

2@ 9ased solely on race$ color or national origin3 A co;<laint that is 2' su9;itted to a county attorney shall 9e su9;itted to the county attorney in 2. the county in >hich the alleged unauthorized alien is or >as e;<loyed 9y the 22 e;<loyer3 The county sheriff or any other local la> enforce;ent agency ;ay 00 assist in in=estigating a co;<laint3 5hen in=estigating a co;<laint$ the 01 attorney general or county attorney shall =erify the >or? authorization of 02 the alleged unauthorized alien >ith the federal go=ern;ent <ursuant to 00 . +nited States Code section 10'06c83 A state$ county or local official 04 shall not atte;<t to inde<endently ;a?e a final deter;ination on >hether an 01 alien is authorized to >or? in the +nited States3 An alienAs i;;igration 0@ status or >or? authorization status shall 9e =erified >ith the federal 0' go=ern;ent <ursuant to . +nited States Code section 10'06c83 A <erson >ho 0. ?no>ingly files a false and fri=olous co;<laint under this su9section is 02 guilty of a class 0 ;isde;eanor3 40 C3 "f$ after an in=estigation$ the attorney general or county attorney

41 deter;ines that the co;<laint is not false and fri=olous: 42 13 The attorney general or county attorney shall notify the +nited 40 States i;;igration and custo;s enforce;ent of the unauthorized alien3 44 23 The attorney general or county attorney shall notify the local la> 41 enforce;ent agency of the unauthorized alien3 S3,3 10'0 - 11 1 03 The attorney general shall notify the a<<ro<riate county attorney 2 to 9ring an action <ursuant to su9section ! of this section if the co;<laint 0 >as originally filed >ith the attorney general3 4 !3 An action for a =iolation of su9section A of this section shall 9e 1 9rought against the e;<loyer 9y the county attorney in the county >here the @ unauthorized alien e;<loyee is or >as e;<loyed 9y the e;<loyer3 The county ' attorney shall not 9ring an action against any e;<loyer for any =iolation of . su9section A of this section that occurs 9efore Banuary 1$ 200.3 A second 2 =iolation of this section shall 9e 9ased only on an unauthorized alien >ho is 10 or >as e;<loyed 9y the e;<loyer after an action has 9een 9rought for a

11 =iolation of su9section A of this section or section 20-212$ su9section A3 12 E3 For any action in su<erior court under this section$ the court 10 shall eE<edite the action$ including assigning the hearing at the earliest 14 <ractica9le date3 11 F3 )n a finding of a =iolation of su9section A of this section: 1@ 13 For a first =iolation$ as descri9ed in <aragra<h 0 of this 1' su9section$ the court shall: 1. 6a8 )rder the e;<loyer to ter;inate the e;<loy;ent of all unauthorized 12 aliens3 20 698 )rder the e;<loyer to 9e su9Hect to a fi=e year <ro9ationary 21 <eriod for the 9usiness location >here the unauthorized alien <erfor;ed >or?3 22 !uring the <ro9ationary <eriod the e;<loyer shall file Guarterly re<orts in 20 the for; <ro=ided in section 20-'22301 >ith the county attorney of each ne> 24 e;<loyee >ho is hired 9y the e;<loyer at the 9usiness location >here the 21 unauthorized alien <erfor;ed >or?3 2@ 6c8 )rder the a<<ro<riate agencies to sus<end all licenses descri9ed 2' in su9di=ision 6d8 of this <aragra<h that are held 9y the e;<loyer for a

2. ;ini;u; of ten days3 The court shall 9ase its decision on the length of the 22 sus<ension under this su9di=ision on any e=idence or infor;ation su9;itted to 00 it during the action for a =iolation of this su9section and shall consider 01 the follo>ing factors$ if rele=ant: 02 6i8 The nu;9er of unauthorized aliens e;<loyed 9y the e;<loyer3 00 6ii8 Any <rior ;isconduct 9y the e;<loyer3 04 6iii8 The degree of har; resulting fro; the =iolation3 01 6i=8 5hether the e;<loyer ;ade good faith efforts to co;<ly >ith any 0@ a<<lica9le reGuire;ents3 0' 6=8 The duration of the =iolation3 0. 6=i8 The role of the directors$ officers or <rinci<als of the e;<loyer 02 in the =iolation3 40 6=ii8 Any other factors the court dee;s a<<ro<riate3 41 6d8 )rder the e;<loyer to file a signed s>orn affida=it >ith the 42 county attorney3 The affida=it shall state that the e;<loyer has ter;inated 40 the e;<loy;ent of all unauthorized aliens in this state and that the e;<loyer 44 >ill not intentionally or ?no>ingly e;<loy an unauthorized alien in this

41 state3 The court shall order the a<<ro<riate agencies to sus<end all S3,3 10'0 - 12 1 licenses su9Hect to this su9di=ision that are held 9y the e;<loyer if the 2 e;<loyer fails to file a signed s>orn affida=it >ith the county attorney 0 >ithin three 9usiness days after the order is issued3 All licenses that are 4 sus<ended under this su9di=ision for failing to file a signed s>orn affida=it 1 shall re;ain sus<ended until the e;<loyer files a signed s>orn affida=it >ith @ the county attorney3 For the <ur<oses of this su9di=ision$ the licenses that ' are su9Hect to sus<ension under this su9di=ision are all licenses that are . held 9y the e;<loyer s<ecific to the 9usiness location >here the unauthorized 2 alien <erfor;ed >or?3 "f the e;<loyer does not hold a license s<ecific to 10 the 9usiness location >here the unauthorized alien <erfor;ed >or?$ 9ut a 11 license is necessary to o<erate the e;<loyerAs 9usiness in general$ the 12 licenses that are su9Hect to sus<ension under this su9di=ision are all 10 licenses that are held 9y the e;<loyer at the e;<loyerAs <ri;ary <lace of

14 9usiness3 )n recei<t of the courtAs order and not>ithstanding any other la>$ 11 the a<<ro<riate agencies shall sus<end the licenses according to the courtAs 1@ order3 The court shall send a co<y of the courtAs order to the attorney 1' general and the attorney general shall ;aintain the co<y <ursuant to 1. su9section # of this section3 12 23 For a second =iolation$ as descri9ed in <aragra<h 0 of this 20 su9section$ the court shall order the a<<ro<riate agencies to <er;anently 21 re=o?e all licenses that are held 9y the e;<loyer s<ecific to the 9usiness 22 location >here the unauthorized alien <erfor;ed >or?3 "f the e;<loyer does 20 not hold a license s<ecific to the 9usiness location >here the unauthorized 24 alien <erfor;ed >or?$ 9ut a license is necessary to o<erate the e;<loyerAs 21 9usiness in general$ the court shall order the a<<ro<riate agencies to 2@ <er;anently re=o?e all licenses that are held 9y the e;<loyer at the 2' e;<loyerAs <ri;ary <lace of 9usiness3 )n recei<t of the order and 2. not>ithstanding any other la>$ the a<<ro<riate agencies shall i;;ediately 22 re=o?e the licenses3

00 03 The =iolation shall 9e considered: 01 6a8 A first =iolation 9y an e;<loyer at a 9usiness location if the 02 =iolation did not occur during a <ro9ationary <eriod ordered 9y the court 00 under this su9section or section 20-212$ su9section F for that e;<loyerAs 04 9usiness location3 01 698 A second =iolation 9y an e;<loyer at a 9usiness location if the 0@ =iolation occurred during a <ro9ationary <eriod ordered 9y the court under 0' this su9section or section 20-212$ su9section F for that e;<loyerAs 9usiness 0. location3 02 #3 The attorney general shall ;aintain co<ies of court orders that are 40 recei=ed <ursuant to su9section F of this section and shall ;aintain a 41 data9ase of the e;<loyers and 9usiness locations that ha=e a first =iolation 42 of su9section A of this section and ;a?e the court orders a=aila9le on the 40 attorney generalAs >e9site3 44 %3 )n deter;ining >hether an e;<loyee is an unauthorized alien$ the 41 court shall consider only the federal go=ern;entAs deter;ination <ursuant to S3,3 10'0 - 10 -

1 . +nited States Code section 10'06c83 The federal go=ern;entAs deter;ination 2 creates a re9utta9le <resu;<tion of the e;<loyeeAs la>ful status3 The court 0 ;ay ta?e Hudicial notice of the federal go=ern;entAs deter;ination and ;ay 4 reGuest the federal go=ern;ent to <ro=ide auto;ated or testi;onial 1 =erification <ursuant to . +nited States Code section 10'06c83 @ "3 For the <ur<oses of this section$ <roof of =erifying the e;<loy;ent ' authorization of an e;<loyee through the e-=erify <rogra; creates a . re9utta9le <resu;<tion that an e;<loyer did not intentionally e;<loy an 2 unauthorized alien3 10 B3 For the <ur<oses of this section$ an e;<loyer that esta9lishes that 11 it has co;<lied in good faith >ith the reGuire;ents of . +nited States Code 12 section 1024a698 esta9lishes an affir;ati=e defense that the e;<loyer did not 10 intentionally e;<loy an unauthorized alien3 An e;<loyer is considered to 14 ha=e co;<lied >ith the reGuire;ents of . +nited States Code section 1024a698$ 11 not>ithstanding an isolated$ s<oradic or accidental technical or <rocedural

1@ failure to ;eet the reGuire;ents$ if there is a good faith atte;<t to co;<ly 1' >ith the reGuire;ents3 1. C3 "T "S AN AFF"R AT"*E !EFENSE T) A *")LAT")N )F S+,SECT")N A )F T%"S 12 SECT")N T%AT T%E E &L)-ER 5AS ENTRA&&E!3 T) CLA" ENTRA& ENT$ T%E E &L)-ER 20 +ST A! "T ,- T%E E &L)-ERAS TEST" )N- )R )T%ER E*"!ENCE T%E S+,STANT"AL 21 ELE ENTS )F T%E *")LAT")N3 AN E &L)-ER 5%) ASSERTS AN ENTRA& ENT !EFENSE %AS 22 T%E ,+R!EN )F &R)*"N# T%E F)LL)5"N# ,- CLEAR AN! C)N*"NC"N# E*"!ENCE: 20 13 T%E "!EA )F C) "TT"N# T%E *")LAT")N STARTE! 5"T% LA5 ENF)RCE ENT 24 )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS RAT%ER T%AN 5"T% T%E E &L)-ER3 21 23 T%E LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS +R#E! AN! "N!+CE! T%E 2@ E &L)-ER T) C) "T T%E *")LAT")N3 2' 03 T%E E &L)-ER 5AS N)T &RE!"S&)SE! T) C) "T T%E *")LAT")N ,EF)RE T%E 2. LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS +R#E! AN! "N!+CE! T%E E &L)-ER T) 22 C) "T T%E *")LAT")N3

00 L3 AN E &L)-ER !)ES N)T ESTA,L"S% ENTRA& ENT "F T%E E &L)-ER 5AS 01 &RE!"S&)SE! T) *")LATE S+,SECT")N A )F T%"S SECT")N AN! T%E LA5 ENF)RCE ENT 02 )FF"CERS )R T%E"R A#ENTS EREL&R)*"!E! T%E E &L)-ER 5"T% AN )&&)RT+N"T- T) 00 C) "T T%E *")LAT")N3 "T "S N)T ENTRA& ENT F)R LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CERS )R 04 T%E"R A#ENTS EREL- T) +SE A R+SE )R T) C)NCEAL T%E"R "!ENT"T-3 T%E C)N!+CT 01 )F LA5 ENF)RCE ENT )FF"CERS AN! T%E"R A#ENTS A- ,E C)NS"!ERE! "N !ETER "N"N# 0@ "F AN E &L)-ER %AS &R)*EN ENTRA& ENT3 0' Sec3 .3 Section 20-214$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is a;ended to read: 0. 20-2143 *erification of e;<loy;ent eligi9ility/ e=erify 02 <rogra;/ econo;ic de=elo<;ent incenti=es/ list of 40 registered e;<loyers 41 A3 After !ece;9er 01$ 200'$ e=ery e;<loyer$ after hiring an e;<loyee$ 42 shall =erify the e;<loy;ent eligi9ility of the e;<loyee through the e-=erify 40 <rogra; AN! S%ALL CEE& A REC)R! )F T%E *ER"F"CAT")N F)R T%E !+RAT")N )F T%E 44 E &L)-EEAS E &L)- ENT )R AT LEAST T%REE -EARS$ 5%"C%E*ER "S L)N#ER3

S3,3 10'0 - 14 1 ,3 "n addition to any other reGuire;ent for an e;<loyer to recei=e an 2 econo;ic de=elo<;ent incenti=e fro; a go=ern;ent entity$ the e;<loyer shall 0 register >ith and <artici<ate in the e-=erify <rogra;3 ,efore recei=ing the 4 econo;ic de=elo<;ent incenti=e$ the e;<loyer shall <ro=ide <roof to the 1 go=ern;ent entity that the e;<loyer is registered >ith and is <artici<ating @ in the e-=erify <rogra;3 "f the go=ern;ent entity deter;ines that the ' e;<loyer is not co;<lying >ith this su9section$ the go=ern;ent entity shall . notify the e;<loyer 9y certified ;ail of the go=ern;ent entityAs 2 deter;ination of nonco;<liance and the e;<loyerAs right to a<<eal the 10 deter;ination3 )n a final deter;ination of nonco;<liance$ the e;<loyer shall 11 re<ay all ;onies recei=ed as an econo;ic de=elo<;ent incenti=e to the 12 go=ern;ent entity >ithin thirty days of the final deter;ination3 For the 10 <ur<oses of this su9section: 14 13 FEcono;ic de=elo<;ent incenti=eF ;eans any grant$ loan or

11 <erfor;ance-9ased incenti=e fro; any go=ern;ent entity that is a>arded after 1@ Se<te;9er 00$ 200.3 Econo;ic de=elo<;ent incenti=e does not include any taE 1' <ro=ision under title 42 or 403 1. 23 F#o=ern;ent entityF ;eans this state and any <olitical su9di=ision 12 of this state that recei=es and uses taE re=enues3 20 C3 E=ery three ;onths the attorney general shall reGuest fro; the 21 +nited States de<art;ent of ho;eland security a list of e;<loyers fro; this 22 state that are registered >ith the e-=erify <rogra;3 )n recei<t of the list 20 of e;<loyers$ the attorney general shall ;a?e the list a=aila9le on the 24 attorney generalAs >e9site3 21 Sec3 23 Section 2.-0111$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is a;ended to read: 2@ 2.-01113 Re;o=al and i;;o9ilization or i;<ound;ent of =ehicle 2' A3 A <eace officer shall cause the re;o=al and either i;;o9ilization 2. or i;<ound;ent of a =ehicle if the <eace officer deter;ines that a <erson is 22 dri=ing the =ehicle >hile any of the follo>ing a<<lies: 00 13 The <ersonAs dri=ing <ri=ilege is sus<ended or re=o?ed for any 01 reason3

02 23 The <erson has not e=er 9een issued a =alid dri=er license or 00 <er;it 9y this state and the <erson does not <roduce e=idence of e=er ha=ing 04 a =alid dri=er license or <er;it issued 9y another Hurisdiction3 This 01 <aragra<h does not a<<ly to the o<eration of an i;<le;ent of hus9andry3 0@ 03 The <erson is su9Hect to an ignition interloc? de=ice reGuire;ent 0' <ursuant to cha<ter 4 of this title and the <erson is o<erating a =ehicle 0. >ithout a functioning certified ignition interloc? de=ice3 This <aragra<h 02 does not a<<ly to a <erson o<erating an e;<loyerAs =ehicle or the o<eration 40 of a =ehicle due to a su9stantial e;ergency as defined in section 2.-14@43 41 43 T%E &ERS)N "S "N *")LAT")N )F A CR" "NAL )FFENSE AN! "S 42 TRANS&)RT"N#$ )*"N#$ C)NCEAL"N#$ %AR,)R"N# )R S%"EL!"N# )R ATTE &T"N# T) 40 TRANS&)RT$ )*E$ C)NCEAL$ %AR,)R )R S%"EL! AN AL"EN "N T%"S STATE "N A 44 *E%"CLE "F T%E &ERS)N CN)5S )R RECCLESSL- !"SRE#AR!S T%E FACT T%AT T%E AL"EN 41 %AS C) E T)$ %AS ENTERE! )R RE A"NS "N T%E +N"TE! STATES "N *")LAT")N )F LA53 S3,3 10'0

- 11 1 ,3 A <eace officer shall cause the re;o=al and i;<ound;ent of a 2 =ehicle if the <eace officer deter;ines that a <erson is dri=ing the =ehicle 0 and if all of the follo>ing a<<ly: 4 13 The <ersonAs dri=ing <ri=ilege is canceled$ sus<ended or re=o?ed 1 for any reason or the <erson has not e=er 9een issued a dri=er license or @ <er;it 9y this state and the <erson does not <roduce e=idence of e=er ha=ing ' a dri=er license or <er;it issued 9y another Hurisdiction3 . 23 The <erson is not in co;<liance >ith the financial res<onsi9ility 2 reGuire;ents of cha<ter 2$ article 4 of this title3 10 03 The <erson is dri=ing a =ehicle that is in=ol=ed in an accident 11 that results in either <ro<erty da;age or inHury to or death of another 12 <erson3 10 C3 EEce<t as <ro=ided in su9section ! of this section$ >hile a <eace 14 officer has control of the =ehicle the <eace officer shall cause the re;o=al 11 and either i;;o9ilization or i;<ound;ent of the =ehicle if the <eace officer 1@ has <ro9a9le cause to arrest the dri=er of the =ehicle for a =iolation of

1' section 4-244$ <aragra<h 04 or section 2.-10.2 or 2.-10.03 1. !3 A <eace officer shall not cause the re;o=al and either the 12 i;;o9ilization or i;<ound;ent of a =ehicle <ursuant to su9section C of this 20 section if all of the follo>ing a<<ly: 21 13 The <eace officer deter;ines that the =ehicle is currently 22 registered and that the dri=er or the =ehicle is in co;<liance >ith the 20 financial res<onsi9ility reGuire;ents of cha<ter 2$ article 4 of this title3 24 23 The s<ouse of the dri=er is >ith the dri=er at the ti;e of the 21 arrest3 2@ 03 The <eace officer has reasona9le grounds to 9elie=e that the s<ouse 2' of the dri=er: 2. 6a8 %as a =alid dri=er license3 22 698 "s not i;<aired 9y intoEicating liGuor$ any drug$ a =a<or 00 releasing su9stance containing a toEic su9stance or any co;9ination of 01 liGuor$ drugs or =a<or releasing su9stances3 02 6c8 !oes not ha=e any s<irituous liGuor in the s<ouseAs 9ody if the 00 s<ouse is under t>enty-one years of age3 04 43 The s<ouse notifies the <eace officer that the s<ouse >ill dri=e

01 the =ehicle fro; the <lace of arrest to the dri=erAs ho;e or other <lace of 0@ safety3 0' 13 The s<ouse dri=es the =ehicle as <rescri9ed 9y <aragra<h 4 of this 0. su9section3 02 E3 EEce<t as other>ise <ro=ided in this article$ a =ehicle that is 40 re;o=ed and either i;;o9ilized or i;<ounded <ursuant to su9section A$ , or C 41 of this section shall 9e i;;o9ilized or i;<ounded for thirty days3 An 42 insurance co;<any does not ha=e a duty to <ay any 9enefits for charges or 40 fees for i;;o9ilization or i;<ound;ent3 44 F3 The o>ner of a =ehicle that is re;o=ed and either i;;o9ilized or 41 i;<ounded <ursuant to su9section A$ , or C of this section$ the s<ouse of the S3,3 10'0 - 1@ 1 o>ner and each <erson identified on the de<art;entAs record >ith an interest 2 in the =ehicle shall 9e <ro=ided >ith an o<<ortunity for an i;;o9ilization or 0 <oststorage hearing <ursuant to section 2.-01143 4 Sec3 103 Title 41$ cha<ter 12$ article 2$ Arizona Re=ised Statutes$ is 1 a;ended 9y adding section 41-1'24$ to read:

@ 41-1'243 #ang and i;;igration intelligence tea; enforce;ent ' ;ission fund . T%E #AN# AN! " "#RAT")N "NTELL"#ENCE TEA ENF)RCE ENT "SS")N F+N! "S 2 ESTA,L"S%E! C)NS"ST"N# )F )N"ES !E&)S"TE! &+RS+ANT T) SECT")N 11-1011 AN! 10 )N"ES A&&R)&R"ATE! ,- T%E LE#"SLAT+RE3 T%E !E&ART ENT S%ALL A! "N"STER T%E 11 F+N!3 )N"ES "N T%E F+N! ARE S+,BECT T) LE#"SLAT"*E A&&R)&R"AT")N AN! S%ALL 12 ,E +SE! F)R #AN# AN! " "#RAT")N ENF)RCE ENT AN! F)R C)+NT- BA"L 10 RE" ,+RSE ENT C)STS RELAT"N# T) "LLE#AL " "#RAT")N3 14 Sec3 113 Se=era9ility$ i;<le;entation and construction 11 A3 "f a <ro=ision of this act or its a<<lication to any <erson or 1@ circu;stance is held in=alid$ the in=alidity does not affect other <ro=isions 1' or a<<lications of the act that can 9e gi=en effect >ithout the in=alid 1. <ro=ision or a<<lication$ and to this end the <ro=isions of this act are 12 se=era9le3 20 ,3 The ter;s of this act regarding i;;igration shall 9e construed to

21 ha=e the ;eanings gi=en to the; under federal i;;igration la>3 22 C3 This act shall 9e i;<le;ented in a ;anner consistent >ith federal 20 la>s regulating i;;igration$ <rotecting the ci=il rights of all <ersons and 24 res<ecting the <ri=ileges and i;;unities of +nited States citizens3 21 Sec3 123 Short title 2@ This act ;ay 9e cited as the FSu<<ort )ur La> Enforce;ent and Safe 2' Neigh9orhoods ActF3

*****

Ari.ona Go/ernor )re$er Signs Immigration Enfor0ement )ill

PHOENIX (AP) - Gov. Jan re!er i"nore# criticism $rom Presi#ent arack %&ama on 'ri#a( an# si"ne# into )a! a &i)) supporters sai# !ou)# take han#cu$$s o$$ po)ice in #ea)in" !ith i))e"a) immi"ration in Arizona, the nation*s &usiest "ate!a( $or human an# #ru" smu"")in" $rom Mexico. +ith hun#re#s o$ protesters outsi#e the state ,apito) shoutin" that the &i)) !ou)# )ea# to civi) ri"hts a&usesre!er sai# critics !ere .overreactin". an# that she !ou)#n*t to)erate racia) pro$i)in". .+e in Arizona have &een more than patient !aitin" $or Washington to act-. re!er sai# a$ter si"nin" the )a!. . ut #eca#es o$ inaction an# mis"ui#e# po)ic( have create# a #an"erous an# unaccepta&)e situation.. /ar)ier 'ri#a(- %&ama ca))e# the Arizona &i)) .mis"ui#e#. an# instructe# the ustice !e"art#ent to e0amine it to see i$ it*s )e"a). 1e a)so sai# the $e#era) "overnment must enact i##igration re$or# at the nationa) )eve)2or )eave the #oor open to .irresponsi&i)it( &( others.. .3hat inc)u#es- $or e0amp)e- the recent e$$orts in Arizona, !hich threaten to un#ermine &asic notions o$ $airness that !e cherish as Americans- as !e)) as the trust &et!een po)ice an# their communities that is so crucia) to keepin" us sa$e-. %&ama sai#. 3he )e"is)ation- sent to the 4epu&)ican "overnor &( the %OP&'e( )egis'ature, makes it a crime un#er state )a! to &e in the countr( i))e"a))(. 5t a)so re6uires )oca) po)ice

o$$icers to 6uestion peop)e a&out their i##igration status i$ there is reason to suspect the( are i))e"a) immi"rants7 a))o!s )a!suits a"ainst "overnment a"encies that hin#er en$orcement o$ i##igration 'a*s+ an# makes it i))e"a) to hire i))e"a) immi"rants $or (ay 'a,or or kno!in")( transport them. 3he )a! sen#s .a c)ear messa"e that Arizona is un$rien#)( to un#ocumente# a)iens-. sai# Peter -"iro, a 3emp)e 8niversit( )a! pro$essor an# author o$ the &ook . e(on# ,itizenship: American 5#entit( A$ter G)o&a)ization.. re!er si"ne# the &i)) in a state au#itorium a&out a mi)e $rom the ,apito) comp)e0 !here some 2-999 #emonstrators &ooe# count( -u"er.isor Mary /ose Wi'cox !hen she announce# that .the "overnor #i# not )isten to our pra(ers.. .5t*s "oin" to chan"e our )ives-. sai# E#i'io A'#o(o.ar, a :3-(ear-o)# American citizen $rom Phoenix. .+e can*t !a)k to schoo) an( more. +e can*t &e in the streets an(more !ithout the pi"s thinkin" !e*re i))e"a) immi"rants.. 3he ;e0ican A#erican )ega' !e$ense an( E(ucation 0un( sai# it p)ans a )e"a) cha))en"e to the )a!- ar"uin" it .)aunches Arizona into a spira) o$ pervasive $earcommunit( #istrust- increase# crime an# cost)( )iti"ation!ith nation!i#e repercussions.. Mexico has !arne# the proposa) cou)# a$$ect cross-&or#er re)ations. %n 3hurs#a(- Mexico1s -enate unanimous)( passe# a reso)ution ur"in" re!er to veto the )a!.

.Po)ice in Arizona a)rea#( treat mi"rants !orse than anima)s-. sai# 0rancisco )oureiro, an activist !ho runs a mi"rant she)ter in the &or#er to!n o$ Noga'es, Mexico. .3here is a)rea#( a hunt $or mi"rants- an# no! it !i)) &e open season un#er the cover o$ a )a!.. 3he &i)) !i)) take e$$ect in )ate Ju)( or ear)( Au"ust- an# re!er or#ere# the state*s 'a* en$orce#ent )icensin" a"enc( to #eve)op a trainin" course on ho! to imp)ement it !ithout vio)atin" civi) ri"hts. .+e must en$orce the )a! even)(- an# !ithout re"ar# to skin co)or- accent- or socia) status-. she sai#. .+e must prove the a)armists an# the c(nics !ron".. re!er- !ho $aces a tou"h e)ection &att)e an# "ro!in" an"er in the state over i))e"a) immi"rants- sai# the )a! .protects ever( Arizona citizen.. Anti-immi"rant an"er has s!e))e# in the past month- a$ter rancher /o, 2rentz !as $oun# #ea# on his )an# north o$ !oug'as, near the Mexico &or#er. Authorities &e)ieve he !as $ata))( shot &( an i))e"a) immi"rant possi&)( connecte# to a #ru" smu"")in" carte). Arizona has an estimate# <69-999 i))e"a) immi"rants- an# its harsh- remote #esert serves as the corri#or $or the ma=orit( o$ i))e"a) immi"rants an# #ru"s movin" north into the 8.>. $rom Mexico. 3.-. /e". /au' %ri4a'.a, a ?emocrat- sai# he c)ose# his Arizona o$$ices at noon 'ri#a( a$ter his sta$$ in @uma an# 3ucson !ere $)oo#e# !ith ca))s this !eek- some $rom

peop)e threatenin" vio)ent acts an# shoutin" racia) s)urs. 1e ca))e# on &usinesses an# "roups )ookin" $or convention an# meetin" )ocations to &o(cott Arizona. 3he &i))*s 4epu&)ican sponsor- state 4ep. 4usse)) Pearce o$ Mesa, sai# %&ama an# other critics o$ the &i)) !ere .a"ainst )a! en$orcement- our citizens an# the ru)e o$ )a!.. Pearce sai# the )e"is)ation !ou)# remove .po)itica) han#cu$$s. $rom po)ice an# he)p #rive i))e"a) immi"rants $rom the state. .5))e"a) is i))e"a)-. sai# Pearce- a #rivin" $orce on the issue in Arizona. .+e*)) have )ess crime. +e*)) have )o!er ta0es. +e*)) have sa$er nei"h&orhoo#s. +e*)) have shorter )ines in the e#ergency roo#s. +e*)) have sma))er c)assrooms..
AA

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'

&e1t of !"th Amendment of the US Constitution2

GThe powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
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this amen#ment: Propose# D/2H/:IJD 4ati$ie# :2/:H/:ID:

Definition of TENTH AMENDMENT
3he 3enth Amen#ment provi#es that . 3he po!ers not #e)e"ate# to the 8nite# >tates &( the ,onstitution- nor prohi&ite# &( it to the >tates- are reserve# to the >tates respective)(- or to the peop)e. . 8.>. ,onst. amen#. K. As a
te0tua) matter- there$ore- the 3enth Amen#ment .states &ut a truism that a)) is retaine# !hich has not &een surren#ere#.. 8nite# >tates v. ?ar&(- 3:2 8.>. :99- :2< (:D<:). ( its terms- the Amen#ment #oes not purport to )imit the commerce po!er or an( other enumerate# po!er o$ ,on"ress. 5n recent (ears- ho!ever- the 3enth Amen#ment has &een interprete# .to encompass an( imp)ie# constitutiona) )imitation on ,on"ress* authorit( to re"u)ate state activities- !hether "roun#e# in the 3enth Amen#ment itse)$ or in princip)es o$ $e#era)ism #erive# "enera))( $rom the ,onstitution.. >outh ,aro)ina v. aker- <JH

8.>. H9H- H:: n.H (:DJJ). 3hus- .the 3enth Amen#ment con$irms that the po!er o$ the 'e#era) Government is su&=ect to )imits that ma(- in a "iven instance- reserve po!er to the >tates.. Ee! @ork v. 8nite# >tates- H9H 8.>. :<<- :HI (:DD2). 3here are num&ers o$ !a(s in !hich the $e#era) "overnment is permitte# to secure the assistance o$ state authorities in achievin" $e#era) )e"is)ative "oa)s. 'irst an# most #irect)(- the $e#era) "overnment ma( coerce the states an# their emp)o(ees into comp)(in" !ith $e#era) )a!s o$ "enera) app)ica&i)it(. Garcia v. >an Antonio ;etropo)itan 3ransit Authorit(- <6D 8.>. H2J (:DJH). >econ#- ,on"ress ma( con#ition the "rant o$ $e#era) $un#s on the >tates* takin" "overnmenta) action #esire# &( ,on"ress. >outh ?akota v. ?o)e- <J3 8.>. 293 (:DJI). >tate =u#icia) an# a#ministrative &o#ies ma( &e re6uire# to app)( $e#era) )a!. 3esta v. Latt- 339 8.>. 3J6 (:D<I)7 '/4, v. ;ississippi- <H6 8.>. I<2- I69-6: (:DJ2). 3he $e#era) "overnment ma( o$$er to preempt re"u)ation in a "iven area- an# permit the states to avoi# preemption i$ the( re"u)ate in a manner accepta&)e to ,on"ress. 1o#e) v. Mir"inia >ur$ace ;inin" F 4ec)amation Ass*n- <H2 8.>. 26<- 2D9-D: (:DJ:). 3he $e#era) "overnment has &een permitte# e$$ective)( to compe) the states to issue re"istere# rather than &earer &on#s. >outh ,aro)ina v. aker- <JH 8.>. H9H- H:< (:DJJ). 'ina))(- the $e#era) "overnment has &een permitte# to re6uire state uti)it( re"u)ators to consi#er prescri&e# $e#era) stan#ar#s in #eterminin" re"u)ator( po)icies. '/4, v. ;ississippi- <H6 8.>. at I6H. 5n the course o$ the )atter ru)in"- the >upreme ,ourt re$erre# to an# re=ecte# the .:Dth centur( vie!. that .,on"ress has no po!er to impose on a >tate o$$icer- as such- an( #ut( !hatever- an# compe) him to per$orm it.. 5#. at I6: (6uotin" Lentuck( v. ?ennison- 2< 1o!. 66- :9I (:J6:)). 3hat vie!- sai# the ,ourt- .is not representative o$ the )a!

to#a(.. 5#. .3he $e#era) "overnment has some po!er to en)ist a &ranch o$ state "overnment . . . to $urther $e#era) en#s.. 5#. at I62. 8nite# >tates v. Ee! @ork- H9H 8.>. :<< (:DD2)- .a #irect or#er to re"u)ate- stan#in" a)one- !ou)# . . . &e &e(on# the po!er o$ ,on"ress.. 5#. at :I6. the ,ourt in Ee! @ork state#: .!hether or not a particu)ar)( stron" $e#era) interest ena&)es ,on"ress to &rin" state "overnments !ithin the or&it o$ "enera))( app)ica&)e $e#era) re"u)ation- no ;em&er o$ the ,ourt has ever su""este# that such a $e#era) interest !ou)# ena&)e ,on"ress to comman# a state "overnment to enact state re"u)ation.. 5#. at :IJ. 5n the same vein !as the ,ourt*s conc)usion a$ter revie!in" the #e&ates at the time o$ the $oun#in" o$ the ,onstitution: +e have a)!a(s un#erstoo# that even !here ,on"ress has the authorit( un#er the ,onstitution to pass )a!s re6uirin" or prohi&itin" certain acts- it )acks the po!er #irect)( to compe) the >tates to re6uire or prohi&it those acts. /.".- '/4, v. ;ississippi. . . . 3he a))ocation o$ po!er containe# in the ,ommerce ,)ause- $or e0amp)e- authorizes ,on"ress to re"u)ate interstate commerce #irect)(7 it #oes not authorize ,on"ress to re"u)ate state "overnments* re"u)ation o$ interstate commerce. 5#. at :66. %ther #ecisions o$ the >upreme ,ourt have reco"nize# this proposition that the $e#era) "overnment cannot coerce >tates into per$ormin" the u)timate)( soverei"n acts o$ )e"is)atin" or re"u)atin" in a manner speci$ie# &( the $e#era) "overnment. 5n Mir"inia >ur$ace ;inin"- the ,ourt note# that the provision o$ an a)ternative o$ $e#era) re"u)ation ren#ere# $e#era) stan#ar#s $or state re"u)ation permissi&)e7 &ecause the >tate ha# a constitutiona) option- .there can &e no su""estion that the Act comman#eers the )e"is)ative processes &( #irect)( compe))in" them to enact an# en$orce a $e#era) re"u)ator( pro"ram.. Mir"inia >ur$ace ;inin"<H2 8.>. at 2JJ (emphasis a##e#). >imi)ar)(- 5n '/4, v. ;ississippi- the ,ourt note# that the $e#era) comman# that the

>tate .consi#er. $e#era) a)ternatives !as constitutiona) &ecause .NtOhere is nothin" in P84PA *#irect)( compe))in"* the >tates to enact a )e"is)ative pro"ram.. '/4, v. ;ississippi- <H6 8.>. at I6H. .N3Ohe eti6uette o$ $e#era)ism has &een vio)ate# &( a $orma) comman# $rom the Eationa) Government #irectin" the >tate to enact a certain po)ic(- c$. Ee! @ork.. 8nite# >tates v. Popez- ::H >.,t. :62<- :6<2 (:DDH) (Lenne#(- J.- concurrin")7 see a)so oar# o$ Eatura) 4esources v. ro!n- DD2 '.2# D3I- D<I (Dth ,ir. :DD3) (.#irect comman#s to the states to re"u)ate accor#in" to ,on"ress*s instructions. .vio)ate the 3enth Amen#ment as interprete# &( Ee! @ork.). 3here are "oo# reasons $or $ocusin" 3enth Amem#ment concern on $e#era) coercion o$ a >tate*s enactment o$ )e"is)ation or re"u)ations or creation o$ an a#ministrative pro"ram. 3hese activities are inherent)( centra) acts o$ a soverei"n7 i$ an area o$ state activit( is to &e protecte# $rom #irect coercion &( an imp)ication #ra!n $rom the 3enth Amen#ment- )e"is)atin" an# re"u)atin" are prime can#i#ates. .N3Ohe po!er to make #ecisions an# to set po)ic( is !hat "ives the >tate its soverei"n nature.. '/4, v. ;ississippi- <H6 8.>. at I6:. 3here is a secon# reasona)so- emphasize# in Ee! @ork itse)$. ?emocratic "overnments must &e po)itica))( accounta&)e. +hen the $e#era) "overnment re6uires the >tates to enact )e"is)ation- the enacte# )e"is)ation is state )e"is)ation. 3hus- it !i)) )ike)( .&e state o$$icia)s !ho !i)) &ear the &runt o$ pu&)ic #isapprova)- !hi)e the $e#era) o$$icia)s !ho #evise# the re"u)ator( pro"ram ma( remain insu)ate# $rom the e)ectora) rami$ications o$ their #ecision.. Ee! @ork- H9H 8.>. at :6D. +hen the $e#era) "overnment itse)$ imposes a re6uirement on a state o$$icia)- the re6uirement is more c)ear)( an act o$ the $e#era) "overnment an# thus #oes not- to the same e0tentun#ermine po)itica) accounta&i)it(.

3he 3enth Amen#ment vie! espouse# in Lentuck( v. ?ennison6H 8.>. (2< 1o!.) 66- :9I (:J6:)- overru)e# &( Puerto 4ico v. ransta#- <J3 8.>. 2:D (:DJI)- !as that .the 'e#era) Government . . . has no po!er to impose on a >tate o$$icer- as such- an( #ut( !hatsoever . . . .. >ee ro!n- H2: '.2# at J<:. As the >upreme ,ourt has ma#e c)ear- the vie! espouse# in Lentuck( v. ?ennison is no )on"er representative o$ the )a!. '/4,- <H6 8.>. at I6:.

33333

The 9nited !tates :onstitution
Contents
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Pream&)e Artic)e : - 3he Pe"is)ative ranch o >ection : - 3he Pe"is)ature

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>ection 2 - 3he 1ouse o >ection 3 - 3he >enate o >ection < - /)ections- ;eetin"s o >ection H - ;em&ership- 4u)es- Journa)s- A#=ournment o >ection 6 - ,ompensation o >ection I - 4evenue i))s- Pe"is)ative ProcessPresi#entia) Meto o >ection J - Po!ers o$ ,on"ress o >ection D - Pimits on ,on"ress o >ection :9 - Po!ers Prohi&ite# o$ >tates Artic)e 2 - 3he /0ecutive ranch o >ection : - 3he Presi#ent o >ection 2 - ,ivi)ian Po!er over ;i)itar(- ,a&inetPar#on Po!er- Appointments o >ection 3 - >tate o$ the 8nion- ,onvenin" ,on"ress o >ection < - ?is6ua)i$ication Artic)e 3 - 3he Ju#icia) ranch o >ection : - Ju#icia) Po!ers o >ection 2 - 3ria) &( Jur(- %ri"ina) Juris#iction- Jur( 3ria)s o >ection 3 - 3reason Artic)e < - 3he >tates o >ection : - /ach >tate to 1onor A)) %thers o >ection 2 - >tate ,itizens- /0tra#ition o >ection 3 - Ee! >tates o >ection < - 4epu&)ican Government Artic)e H - Amen#ment Artic)e 6 - ?e&ts- >upremac(- %aths Artic)e I - 4ati$ication >i"natories Amen#ments o Amen#ment : - 'ree#om o$ 4e)i"ion- Press- /0pression o Amen#ment 2 - 4i"ht to ear Arms o Amen#ment 3 - Quarterin" o$ >o)#iers o Amen#ment < - >earch an# >eizure
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o o o o o o

o o o o o o o o o o o

o o o o

Amen#ment H - 3ria) an# Punishment- ,ompensation $or 3akin"s Amen#ment 6 - 4i"ht to >pee#( 3ria)- ,on$rontation o$ +itnesses Amen#ment I - 3ria) &( Jur( in ,ivi) ,ases Amen#ment J - ,rue) an# 8nusua) Punishment Amen#ment D - ,onstruction o$ ,onstitution Amen#ment :9 - Po!ers o$ the >tates an# Peop)e Amen#ment :: - Ju#icia) Pimits Amen#ment :2 - ,hoosin" the Presi#ent- Mice Presi#ent Amen#ment :3 - >)aver( A&o)ishe# Amen#ment :< - ,itizenship 4i"hts Amen#ment :H - 4ace Eo ar to Mote Amen#ment :6 - >tatus o$ 5ncome 3a0 ,)ari$ie# Amen#ment :I - >enators /)ecte# &( Popu)ar Mote Amen#ment :J - Pi6uor A&o)ishe# Amen#ment :D - +omen*s >u$$ra"e Amen#ment 29 - Presi#entia)- ,on"ressiona) 3erms Amen#ment 2: - Amen#ment :J 4epea)e# Amen#ment 22 - Presi#entia) 3erm Pimits Amen#ment 23 - Presi#entia) Mote $or ?istrict o$ ,o)um&ia Amen#ment 2< - Po)) 3a0es arre# Amen#ment 2H - Presi#entia) ?isa&i)it( an# >uccession Amen#ment 26 - Motin" A"e >et to :J @ears Amen#ment 2I - Pimitin" ,on"ressiona) Pa( 5ncreases

The Constitution of the United States Pream le Note +e the Peop)e o$ the 8nite# >tates- in %r#er to $orm a more per$ect 8nion- esta&)ish Justice- insure #omestic 3ran6ui)it(provi#e $or the common #e$ence- promote the "enera) +e)$are- an#

secure the )essin"s o$ Pi&ert( to ourse)ves an# our Posterit(- #o or#ain an# esta&)ish this ,onstitution $or the 8nite# >tates o$ America. Arti0le I 4 &he Legislati/e )ran0h Note Se0tion ! 4 &he Legislature A)) )e"is)ative Po!ers herein "rante# sha)) &e veste# in a ,on"ress o$ the 8nite# >tates- !hich sha)) consist o$ a >enate an# 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives. Se0tion 5 4 &he 6ouse 3he 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives sha)) &e compose# o$ ;em&ers chosen ever( secon# @ear &( the Peop)e o$ the severa) >tates- an# the /)ectors in each >tate sha)) have the Qua)i$ications re6uisite $or /)ectors o$ the most numerous ranch o$ the >tate Pe"is)ature. Eo Person sha)) &e a 4epresentative !ho sha)) not have attaine# to the A"e o$ t!ent( $ive @ears- an# &een seven @ears a ,itizen o$ the 8nite# >tates- an# !ho sha)) not- !hen e)ecte#- &e an 5nha&itant o$ that >tate in !hich he sha)) &e chosen. (Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of ears, and excluding !ndians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons"# 7&he pre/ious senten0e in parentheses $as modified y the !8th Amendment9 se0tion 5%: 3he actua) /numeration sha)) &e ma#e !ithin three @ears a$ter the $irst ;eetin" o$ the ,on"ress o$ the 8nite# >tates- an# !ithin ever( su&se6uent 3erm o$ ten @ears- in such ;anner as the( sha)) &( Pa! #irect. 3he Eum&er o$ 4epresentatives sha)) not e0cee# one $or ever( thirt( 3housan#- &ut each >tate sha)) have at Peast

one 4epresentative7 an# unti) such enumeration sha)) &e ma#e- the >tate o$ Ee! 1ampshire sha)) &e entit)e# to chuse three;assachusetts ei"ht- 4ho#e 5s)an# an# Provi#ence P)antations one,onnecticut $ive- Ee! @ork si0- Ee! Jerse( $our- Penns()vania ei"ht- ?e)a!are one- ;ar()an# si0- Mir"inia ten- Eorth ,aro)ina $ive- >outh ,aro)ina $ive an# Geor"ia three. +hen vacancies happen in the 4epresentation $rom an( >tate- the /0ecutive Authorit( thereo$ sha)) issue +rits o$ /)ection to $i)) such Macancies. 3he 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives sha)) chuse their >peaker an# other %$$icers7 an# sha)) have the so)e Po!er o$ 5mpeachment. Se0tion ; 4 &he Senate 3he >enate o$ the 8nite# >tates sha)) &e compose# o$ t!o >enators $rom each >tate- (chosen by the $egislature thereof,# 7&he pre0eding $ords in parentheses superseded y !#th Amendment9 se0tion !%: $or si0 @ears7 an# each >enator sha)) have one Mote. 5mme#iate)( a$ter the( sha)) &e assem&)e# in ,onse6uence o$ the $irst /)ection- the( sha)) &e #ivi#e# as e6ua))( as ma( &e into three ,)asses. 3he >eats o$ the >enators o$ the $irst ,)ass sha)) &e vacate# at the /0piration o$ the secon# @ear- o$ the secon# ,)ass at the /0piration o$ the $ourth @ear- an# o$ the thir# ,)ass at the /0piration o$ the si0th @ear- so that one thir# ma( &e chosen ever( secon# @ear7 (and if %acancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the $egislature of any State, the &xecutive thereof may ma'e temporary (ppointments until the next )eeting of the $egislature, which shall then fill such %acancies"# 7&he pre0eding $ords in parentheses $ere superseded y the !#th Amendment9 se0tion 5%:

Eo person sha)) &e a >enator !ho sha)) not have attaine# to the A"e o$ thirt( @ears- an# &een nine @ears a ,itizen o$ the 8nite# >tates- an# !ho sha)) not- !hen e)ecte#- &e an 5nha&itant o$ that >tate $or !hich he sha)) &e chosen. 3he Mice Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates sha)) &e Presi#ent o$ the >enate- &ut sha)) have no Mote- un)ess the( &e e6ua))( #ivi#e#. 3he >enate sha)) chuse their other %$$icers- an# a)so a Presi#ent pro tempore- in the a&sence o$ the Mice Presi#ent- or !hen he sha)) e0ercise the %$$ice o$ Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates. 3he >enate sha)) have the so)e Po!er to tr( a)) 5mpeachments. +hen sittin" $or that Purpose- the( sha)) &e on %ath or A$$irmation. +hen the Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates is trie#- the ,hie$ Justice sha)) presi#e: An# no Person sha)) &e convicte# !ithout the ,oncurrence o$ t!o thir#s o$ the ;em&ers present. Ju#"ment in ,ases o$ 5mpeachment sha)) not e0ten# $urther than to remova) $rom %$$ice- an# #is6ua)i$ication to ho)# an# en=o( an( %$$ice o$ honor- 3rust or Pro$it un#er the 8nite# >tates: &ut the Part( convicte# sha)) neverthe)ess &e )ia&)e an# su&=ect to 5n#ictment- 3ria)- Ju#"ment an# Punishment- accor#in" to Pa!. Se0tion 8 4 Ele0tions9 'eetings 3he 3imes- P)aces an# ;anner o$ ho)#in" /)ections $or >enators an# 4epresentatives- sha)) &e prescri&e# in each >tate &( the Pe"is)ature thereo$7 &ut the ,on"ress ma( at an( time &( Pa! make or a)ter such 4e"u)ations- e0cept as to the P)ace o$ ,husin" >enators. 3he ,on"ress sha)) assem&)e at )east once in ever( @ear- an# such ;eetin" sha)) (be on the first )onday in *ecember,# 7&he pre0eding $ords in parentheses $ere superseded y the 5"th

Amendment9 se0tion 5%: un)ess the( sha)) &( Pa! appoint a #i$$erent ?a(. Se0tion < 4 'em ership9 Rules9 -ournals9 Ad=ournment /ach 1ouse sha)) &e the Ju#"e o$ the /)ections- 4eturns an# Qua)i$ications o$ its o!n ;em&ers- an# a ;a=orit( o$ each sha)) constitute a Quorum to #o usiness7 &ut a sma))er num&er ma( a#=ourn $rom #a( to #a(- an# ma( &e authorize# to compe) the Atten#ance o$ a&sent ;em&ers- in such ;anner- an# un#er such Pena)ties as each 1ouse ma( provi#e. /ach 1ouse ma( #etermine the 4u)es o$ its Procee#in"s- punish its ;em&ers $or #isor#er)( ehavior- an#- !ith the ,oncurrence o$ t!o-thir#s- e0pe) a ;em&er. /ach 1ouse sha)) keep a Journa) o$ its Procee#in"s- an# $rom time to time pu&)ish the same- e0ceptin" such Parts as ma( in their Ju#"ment re6uire >ecrec(7 an# the @eas an# Ea(s o$ the ;em&ers o$ either 1ouse on an( 6uestion sha))- at the ?esire o$ one $i$th o$ those Present- &e entere# on the Journa). Eeither 1ouse- #urin" the >ession o$ ,on"ress- sha))- !ithout the ,onsent o$ the other- a#=ourn $or more than three #a(s- nor to an( other P)ace than that in !hich the t!o 1ouses sha)) &e sittin". Se0tion > 4 Compensation (The Senators and Representatives shall receive a +ompensation for their Services, to be ascertained by $aw, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States"# 7&he pre0eding $ords in parentheses $ere modified y the 5#th Amendment%: 3he( sha)) in a)) ,ases- e0cept 3reason- 'e)on( an# reach o$ the Peace- &e privi)e"e# $rom Arrest #urin" their Atten#ance at the >ession o$ their respective 1ouses- an# in "oin" to an# returnin" $rom the

same7 an# $or an( >peech or ?e&ate in either 1ouse- the( sha)) not &e 6uestione# in an( other P)ace. Eo >enator or 4epresentative sha))- #urin" the 3ime $or !hich he !as e)ecte#- &e appointe# to an( civi) %$$ice un#er the Authorit( o$ the 8nite# >tates !hich sha)) have &een create#- or the /mo)uments !hereo$ sha)) have &een increase# #urin" such time7 an# no Person ho)#in" an( %$$ice un#er the 8nite# >tates- sha)) &e a ;em&er o$ either 1ouse #urin" his ,ontinuance in %$$ice. Se0tion # 4 Re/enue )ills9 Legislati/e Pro0ess9 Presidential ,eto A)) &i))s $or raisin" 4evenue sha)) ori"inate in the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives7 &ut the >enate ma( propose or concur !ith Amen#ments as on other i))s. /ver( i)) !hich sha)) have passe# the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives an# the >enate- sha))- &e$ore it &ecome a Pa!- &e presente# to the Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates7 5$ he approve he sha)) si"n it- &ut i$ not he sha)) return it- !ith his %&=ections to that 1ouse in !hich it sha)) have ori"inate#- !ho sha)) enter the %&=ections at )ar"e on their Journa)- an# procee# to reconsi#er it. 5$ a$ter such 4econsi#eration t!o thir#s o$ that 1ouse sha)) a"ree to pass the i))- it sha)) &e sent- to"ether !ith the %&=ections- to the other 1ouse- &( !hich it sha)) )ike!ise &e reconsi#ere#- an# i$ approve# &( t!o thir#s o$ that 1ouse- it sha)) &ecome a Pa!. ut in a)) such ,ases the Motes o$ &oth 1ouses sha)) &e #etermine# &( @eas an# Ea(s- an# the Eames o$ the Persons votin" $or an# a"ainst the i)) sha)) &e entere# on the Journa) o$ each 1ouse respective)(. 5$ an( i)) sha)) not &e returne# &( the Presi#ent !ithin ten ?a(s (>un#a(s e0cepte#) a$ter it sha)) have &een presente# to him- the >ame sha)) &e a Pa!- in )ike ;anner as i$ he ha# si"ne# it- un)ess the ,on"ress &( their A#=ournment prevent its 4eturn- in !hich ,ase it sha)) not &e a Pa!.

/ver( %r#er- 4eso)ution- or Mote to !hich the ,oncurrence o$ the >enate an# 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives ma( &e necessar( (e0cept on a 6uestion o$ A#=ournment) sha)) &e presente# to the Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates7 an# &e$ore the >ame sha)) take /$$ect- sha)) &e approve# &( him- or &ein" #isapprove# &( him- sha)) &e repasse# &( t!o thir#s o$ the >enate an# 1ouse o$ 4epresentativesaccor#in" to the 4u)es an# Pimitations prescri&e# in the ,ase o$ a i)). Se0tion ? 4 Po$ers of Congress 3he ,on"ress sha)) have Po!er 3o )a( an# co))ect 3a0es- ?uties5mposts an# /0cises- to pa( the ?e&ts an# provi#e $or the common ?e$ence an# "enera) +e)$are o$ the 8nite# >tates7 &ut a)) ?uties5mposts an# /0cises sha)) &e uni$orm throu"hout the 8nite# >tates7 3o &orro! mone( on the cre#it o$ the 8nite# >tates7 3o re"u)ate ,ommerce !ith $orei"n Eations- an# amon" the severa) >tates- an# !ith the 5n#ian 3ri&es7 3o esta&)ish an uni$orm 4u)e o$ Eatura)ization- an# uni$orm Pa!s on the su&=ect o$ ankruptcies throu"hout the 8nite# >tates7 3o coin ;one(- re"u)ate the Ma)ue thereo$- an# o$ $orei"n ,oinan# $i0 the >tan#ar# o$ +ei"hts an# ;easures7 3o provi#e $or the Punishment o$ counter$eitin" the >ecurities an# current ,oin o$ the 8nite# >tates7 3o esta&)ish Post %$$ices an# Post 4oa#s7 3o promote the Pro"ress o$ >cience an# use$u) Arts- &( securin" $or )imite# 3imes to Authors an# 5nventors the e0c)usive 4i"ht to their respective +ritin"s an# ?iscoveries7 3o constitute 3ri&una)s in$erior to the supreme ,ourt7

3o #e$ine an# punish Piracies an# 'e)onies committe# on the hi"h >eas- an# %$$enses a"ainst the Pa! o$ Eations7 3o #ec)are +ar- "rant Petters o$ ;ar6ue an# 4eprisa)- an# make 4u)es concernin" ,aptures on Pan# an# +ater7 3o raise an# support Armies- &ut no Appropriation o$ ;one( to that 8se sha)) &e $or a )on"er 3erm than t!o @ears7 3o provi#e an# maintain a Eav(7 3o make 4u)es $or the Government an# 4e"u)ation o$ the )an# an# nava) 'orces7 3o provi#e $or ca))in" $orth the ;i)itia to e0ecute the Pa!s o$ the 8nion- suppress 5nsurrections an# repe) 5nvasions7 3o provi#e $or or"anizin"- armin"- an# #iscip)inin"- the ;i)itiaan# $or "overnin" such Part o$ them as ma( &e emp)o(e# in the >ervice o$ the 8nite# >tates- reservin" to the >tates respective)(the Appointment o$ the %$$icers- an# the Authorit( o$ trainin" the ;i)itia accor#in" to the #iscip)ine prescri&e# &( ,on"ress7 3o e0ercise e0c)usive Pe"is)ation in a)) ,ases !hatsoever- over such ?istrict (not e0cee#in" ten ;i)es s6uare) as ma(- &( ,ession o$ particu)ar >tates- an# the acceptance o$ ,on"ress- &ecome the >eat o$ the Government o$ the 8nite# >tates- an# to e0ercise )ike Authorit( over a)) P)aces purchase# &( the ,onsent o$ the Pe"is)ature o$ the >tate in !hich the >ame sha)) &e- $or the /rection o$ 'orts- ;a"azines- Arsena)s- #ock-@ar#s- an# other nee#$u) ui)#in"s7 An# 3o make a)) Pa!s !hich sha)) &e necessar( an# proper $or carr(in" into /0ecution the $ore"oin" Po!ers- an# a)) other Po!ers veste# &( this ,onstitution in the Government o$ the 8nite# >tates- or in an( ?epartment or %$$icer thereo$.

Se0tion @ 4 Limits on Congress 3he ;i"ration or 5mportation o$ such Persons as an( o$ the >tates no! e0istin" sha)) think proper to a#mit- sha)) not &e prohi&ite# &( the ,on"ress prior to the @ear one thousan# ei"ht hun#re# an# ei"ht- &ut a ta0 or #ut( ma( &e impose# on such 5mportation- not e0cee#in" ten #o))ars $or each Person. 3he privi)e"e o$ the +rit o$ 1a&eas ,orpus sha)) not &e suspen#e#un)ess !hen in ,ases o$ 4e&e))ion or 5nvasion the pu&)ic >a$et( ma( re6uire it. Eo i)) o$ Attain#er or e0 post $acto Pa! sha)) &e passe#. (No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the +ensus or &numeration herein before directed to be ta'en"# 7Se0tion in parentheses 0larified y the !>th Amendment%: Eo 3a0 or ?ut( sha)) &e )ai# on Artic)es e0porte# $rom an( >tate. Eo Pre$erence sha)) &e "iven &( an( 4e"u)ation o$ ,ommerce or 4evenue to the Ports o$ one >tate over those o$ another: nor sha)) Messe)s &oun# to- or $rom- one >tate- &e o&)i"e# to enter- c)ear- or pa( ?uties in another. Eo ;one( sha)) &e #ra!n $rom the 3reasur(- &ut in ,onse6uence o$ Appropriations ma#e &( Pa!7 an# a re"u)ar >tatement an# Account o$ the 4eceipts an# /0pen#itures o$ a)) pu&)ic ;one( sha)) &e pu&)ishe# $rom time to time. Eo 3it)e o$ Eo&i)it( sha)) &e "rante# &( the 8nite# >tates: An# no Person ho)#in" an( %$$ice o$ Pro$it or 3rust un#er them- sha))!ithout the ,onsent o$ the ,on"ress- accept o$ an( present/mo)ument- %$$ice- or 3it)e- o$ an( kin# !hatever- $rom an( Lin"Prince or $orei"n >tate.

Se0tion !" 4 Po$ers prohi ited of States Eo >tate sha)) enter into an( 3reat(- A))iance- or ,on$e#eration7 "rant Petters o$ ;ar6ue an# 4eprisa)7 coin ;one(7 emit i))s o$ ,re#it7 make an( 3hin" &ut "o)# an# si)ver ,oin a 3en#er in Pa(ment o$ ?e&ts7 pass an( i)) o$ Attain#er- e0 post $acto Pa!- or Pa! impairin" the %&)i"ation o$ ,ontracts- or "rant an( 3it)e o$ Eo&i)it(. Eo >tate sha))- !ithout the ,onsent o$ the ,on"ress- )a( an( 5mposts or ?uties on 5mports or /0ports- e0cept !hat ma( &e a&so)ute)( necessar( $or e0ecutin" it*s inspection Pa!s: an# the net Pro#uce o$ a)) ?uties an# 5mposts- )ai# &( an( >tate on 5mports or /0ports- sha)) &e $or the 8se o$ the 3reasur( o$ the 8nite# >tates7 an# a)) such Pa!s sha)) &e su&=ect to the 4evision an# ,ontrou) o$ the ,on"ress. Eo >tate sha))- !ithout the ,onsent o$ ,on"ress- )a( an( #ut( o$ 3onna"e- keep 3roops- or >hips o$ +ar in time o$ Peace- enter into an( A"reement or ,ompact !ith another >tate- or !ith a $orei"n Po!er- or en"a"e in +ar- un)ess actua))( inva#e#- or in such imminent ?an"er as !i)) not a#mit o$ #e)a(. Arti0le II 4 &he E1e0uti/e )ran0h Note Se0tion ! 4 &he President Note, Note3he e0ecutive Po!er sha)) &e veste# in a Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates o$ America. 1e sha)) ho)# his %$$ice #urin" the 3erm o$ $our @ears- an#- to"ether !ith the Mice-Presi#ent chosen $or the same 3erm- &e e)ecte#- as $o))o!s: /ach >tate sha)) appoint- in such ;anner as the Pe"is)ature thereo$ ma( #irect- a Eum&er o$ /)ectors- e6ua) to the !ho)e Eum&er o$ >enators an# 4epresentatives to !hich the >tate ma( &e entit)e# in the ,on"ress: &ut no >enator or 4epresentative- or Person ho)#in"

an %$$ice o$ 3rust or Pro$it un#er the 8nite# >tates- sha)) &e appointe# an /)ector. (The &lectors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by .allot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not lie an !nhabitant of the same State with themselves" (nd they shall ma'e a $ist of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of %otes for each/ which $ist they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the 0overnment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate" The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and 1ouse of Representatives, open all the +ertificates, and the %otes shall then be counted" The Person having the greatest Number of %otes shall be the President, if such Number be a )a2ority of the whole Number of &lectors appointed/ and if there be more than one who have such )a2ority, and have an e3ual Number of %otes, then the 1ouse of Representatives shall immediately chuse by .allot one of them for President/ and if no Person have a )a2ority, then from the five highest on the $ist the said 1ouse shall in li'e )anner chuse the President" .ut in chusing the President, the %otes shall be ta'en by States, the Representation from each State having one %ote/ a 3uorum for this Purpose shall consist of a )ember or )embers from two4thirds of the States, and a )a2ority of all the States shall be necessary to a +hoice" !n every +ase, after the +hoice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of %otes of the &lectors shall be the %ice President" .ut if there should remain two or more who have e3ual %otes, the Senate shall chuse from them by .allot the %ice4President"# 7&his 0lause in parentheses $as superseded y the !5th Amendment%: 3he ,on"ress ma( #etermine the 3ime o$ chusin" the /)ectors- an# the ?a( on !hich the( sha)) "ive their Motes7 !hich ?a( sha)) &e the same throu"hout the 8nite# >tates.

Eo person e0cept a natura) &orn ,itizen- or a ,itizen o$ the 8nite# >tates- at the time o$ the A#option o$ this ,onstitution- sha)) &e e)i"i&)e to the %$$ice o$ Presi#ent7 neither sha)) an( Person &e e)i"i&)e to that %$$ice !ho sha)) not have attaine# to the A"e o$ thirt(-$ive @ears- an# &een $ourteen @ears a 4esi#ent !ithin the 8nite# >tates. (!n +ase of the Removal of the President from 5ffice, or of his *eath, Resignation, or !nability to discharge the Powers and *uties of the said 5ffice, the same shall devolve on the %ice President, and the +ongress may by $aw provide for the +ase of Removal, *eath, Resignation or !nability, both of the President and %ice President, declaring what 5fficer shall then act as President, and such 5fficer shall act accordingly, until the *isability be removed, or a President shall be elected"# 7&his 0lause in parentheses has een modified y the 5"th and 5<th Amendments%: 3he Presi#ent sha))- at state# 3imes- receive $or his >ervices- a ,ompensation- !hich sha)) neither &e increase# nor #iminishe# #urin" the Perio# $or !hich he sha)) have &een e)ecte#- an# he sha)) not receive !ithin that Perio# an( other /mo)ument $rom the 8nite# >tates- or an( o$ them. e$ore he enter on the /0ecution o$ his %$$ice- he sha)) take the $o))o!in" %ath or A$$irmation: .5 #o so)emn)( s!ear (or a$$irm) that 5 !i)) $aith$u))( e0ecute the %$$ice o$ Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates- an# !i)) to the &est o$ m( A&i)it(- preserve- protect an# #e$en# the ,onstitution o$ the 8nite# >tates.. Se0tion 5 4 Ci/ilian Po$er o/er 'ilitary9 Ca inet9 Pardon Po$er9 Appointments

3he Presi#ent sha)) &e ,omman#er in ,hie$ o$ the Arm( an# Eav( o$ the 8nite# >tates- an# o$ the ;i)itia o$ the severa) >tates- !hen ca))e# into the actua) >ervice o$ the 8nite# >tates7 he ma( re6uire the %pinion- in !ritin"- o$ the principa) %$$icer in each o$ the e0ecutive ?epartments- upon an( su&=ect re)atin" to the ?uties o$ their respective %$$ices- an# he sha)) have Po!er to Grant 4eprieves an# Par#ons $or %$$enses a"ainst the 8nite# >tatese0cept in ,ases o$ 5mpeachment. 1e sha)) have Po!er- &( an# !ith the A#vice an# ,onsent o$ the >enate- to make 3reaties- provi#e# t!o thir#s o$ the >enators present concur7 an# he sha)) nominate- an# &( an# !ith the A#vice an# ,onsent o$ the >enate- sha)) appoint Am&assa#ors- other pu&)ic ;inisters an# ,onsu)s- Ju#"es o$ the supreme ,ourt- an# a)) other %$$icers o$ the 8nite# >tates- !hose Appointments are not herein other!ise provi#e# $or- an# !hich sha)) &e esta&)ishe# &( Pa!: &ut the ,on"ress ma( &( Pa! vest the Appointment o$ such in$erior %$$icers- as the( think proper- in the Presi#ent a)one- in the ,ourts o$ Pa!- or in the 1ea#s o$ ?epartments. 3he Presi#ent sha)) have Po!er to $i)) up a)) Macancies that ma( happen #urin" the 4ecess o$ the >enate- &( "rantin" ,ommissions !hich sha)) e0pire at the /n# o$ their ne0t >ession. Se0tion ; 4 State of the Union9 Con/ening Congress 1e sha)) $rom time to time "ive to the ,on"ress 5n$ormation o$ the >tate o$ the 8nion- an# recommen# to their ,onsi#eration such ;easures as he sha)) =u#"e necessar( an# e0pe#ient7 he ma(- on e0traor#inar( %ccasions- convene &oth 1ouses- or either o$ theman# in ,ase o$ ?isa"reement &et!een them- !ith 4espect to the 3ime o$ A#=ournment- he ma( a#=ourn them to such 3ime as he sha)) think proper7 he sha)) receive Am&assa#ors an# other pu&)ic ;inisters7 he sha)) take ,are that the Pa!s &e $aith$u))( e0ecute#an# sha)) ,ommission a)) the %$$icers o$ the 8nite# >tates.

Se0tion 8 4 DisAualifi0ation 3he Presi#ent- Mice Presi#ent an# a)) civi) %$$icers o$ the 8nite# >tates- sha)) &e remove# $rom %$$ice on 5mpeachment $or- an# ,onviction o$- 3reason- ri&er(- or other hi"h ,rimes an# ;is#emeanors. Arti0le III 4 &he -udi0ial )ran0h Note Se0tion ! 4 -udi0ial po$ers 3he =u#icia) Po!er o$ the 8nite# >tates- sha)) &e veste# in one supreme ,ourt- an# in such in$erior ,ourts as the ,on"ress ma( $rom time to time or#ain an# esta&)ish. 3he Ju#"es- &oth o$ the supreme an# in$erior ,ourts- sha)) ho)# their %$$ices #urin" "oo# ehavior- an# sha))- at state# 3imes- receive $or their >ervices a ,ompensation !hich sha)) not &e #iminishe# #urin" their ,ontinuance in %$$ice. Se0tion 5 4 &rial y -ury9 Original -urisdi0tion9 -ury &rials (The 2udicial Power shall extend to all +ases, in $aw and &3uity, arising under this +onstitution, the $aws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their (uthority/ to all +ases affecting (mbassadors, other public )inisters and +onsuls/ to all +ases of admiralty and maritime 6urisdiction/ to +ontroversies to which the United States shall be a Party/ to +ontroversies between two or more States/ between a State and +iti7ens of another State/ between +iti7ens of different States/ between +iti7ens of the same State claiming $ands under 0rants of different States, and between a State, or the +iti7ens thereof, and foreign States, +iti7ens or Sub2ects"# 7&his se0tion in parentheses is modified y the !!th Amendment%: 5n a)) ,ases a$$ectin" Am&assa#ors- other pu&)ic ;inisters an# ,onsu)s- an# those in !hich a >tate sha)) &e Part(- the supreme

,ourt sha)) have ori"ina) Juris#iction. 5n a)) the other ,ases &e$ore mentione#- the supreme ,ourt sha)) have appe))ate Juris#iction&oth as to Pa! an# 'act- !ith such /0ceptions- an# un#er such 4e"u)ations as the ,on"ress sha)) make. 3he 3ria) o$ a)) ,rimes- e0cept in ,ases o$ 5mpeachment- sha)) &e &( Jur(7 an# such 3ria) sha)) &e he)# in the >tate !here the sai# ,rimes sha)) have &een committe#7 &ut !hen not committe# !ithin an( >tate- the 3ria) sha)) &e at such P)ace or P)aces as the ,on"ress ma( &( Pa! have #irecte#. Se0tion ; 4 &reason Note 3reason a"ainst the 8nite# >tates- sha)) consist on)( in )ev(in" +ar a"ainst them- or in a#herin" to their /nemies- "ivin" them Ai# an# ,om$ort. Eo Person sha)) &e convicte# o$ 3reason un)ess on the 3estimon( o$ t!o +itnesses to the same overt Act- or on ,on$ession in open ,ourt. 3he ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to #ec)are the Punishment o$ 3reason- &ut no Attain#er o$ 3reason sha)) !ork ,orruption o$ )oo#- or 'or$eiture e0cept #urin" the Pi$e o$ the Person attainte#. Arti0le I, 4 &he States Se0tion ! 4 Ea0h State to 6onor all others 'u)) 'aith an# ,re#it sha)) &e "iven in each >tate to the pu&)ic Acts- 4ecor#s- an# =u#icia) Procee#in"s o$ ever( other >tate. An# the ,on"ress ma( &( "enera) Pa!s prescri&e the ;anner in !hich such Acts- 4ecor#s an# Procee#in"s sha)) &e prove#- an# the /$$ect thereo$. Se0tion 5 4 State 0iti.ens9 E1tradition

3he ,itizens o$ each >tate sha)) &e entit)e# to a)) Privi)e"es an# 5mmunities o$ ,itizens in the severa) >tates. A Person char"e# in an( >tate !ith 3reason- 'e)on(- or other ,rime- !ho sha)) $)ee $rom Justice- an# &e $oun# in another >tatesha)) on #eman# o$ the e0ecutive Authorit( o$ the >tate $rom !hich he $)e#- &e #e)ivere# up- to &e remove# to the >tate havin" Juris#iction o$ the ,rime. (No Person held to Service or $abour in one State, under the $aws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in +onse3uence of any $aw or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or $abour, .ut shall be delivered up on +laim of the Party to whom such Service or $abour may be due"# 7&his 0lause in parentheses is superseded y the !;th Amendment%: Se0tion ; 4 (e$ States Ee! >tates ma( &e a#mitte# &( the ,on"ress into this 8nion7 &ut no ne! >tates sha)) &e $orme# or erecte# !ithin the Juris#iction o$ an( other >tate7 nor an( >tate &e $orme# &( the Junction o$ t!o or more >tates- or parts o$ >tates- !ithout the ,onsent o$ the Pe"is)atures o$ the >tates concerne# as !e)) as o$ the ,on"ress. 3he ,on"ress sha)) have Po!er to #ispose o$ an# make a)) nee#$u) 4u)es an# 4e"u)ations respectin" the 3erritor( or other Propert( &e)on"in" to the 8nite# >tates7 an# nothin" in this ,onstitution sha)) &e so construe# as to Pre=u#ice an( ,)aims o$ the 8nite# >tates- or o$ an( particu)ar >tate. Se0tion 8 4 Repu li0an go/ernment 3he 8nite# >tates sha)) "uarantee to ever( >tate in this 8nion a 4epu&)ican 'orm o$ Government- an# sha)) protect each o$ them a"ainst 5nvasion7 an# on App)ication o$ the Pe"is)ature- or o$ the

/0ecutive (!hen the Pe"is)ature cannot &e convene#) a"ainst #omestic Mio)ence. Arti0le , 4 Amendment Note1 4 Note2 4 Note3 3he ,on"ress- !henever t!o thir#s o$ &oth 1ouses sha)) #eem it necessar(- sha)) propose Amen#ments to this ,onstitution- or- on the App)ication o$ the Pe"is)atures o$ t!o thir#s o$ the severa) >tates- sha)) ca)) a ,onvention $or proposin" Amen#ments- !hichin either ,ase- sha)) &e va)i# to a)) 5ntents an# Purposes- as part o$ this ,onstitution- !hen rati$ie# &( the Pe"is)atures o$ three $ourths o$ the severa) >tates- or &( ,onventions in three $ourths thereo$- as the one or the other ;o#e o$ 4ati$ication ma( &e propose# &( the ,on"ress7 Provi#e# that no Amen#ment !hich ma( &e ma#e prior to the @ear %ne thousan# ei"ht hun#re# an# ei"ht sha)) in an( ;anner a$$ect the $irst an# $ourth ,)auses in the Einth >ection o$ the $irst Artic)e7 an# that no >tate- !ithout its ,onsent- sha)) &e #eprive# o$ its e6ua) >u$$ra"e in the >enate. Arti0le ,I 4 De ts9 Suprema0y9 Oaths A)) ?e&ts contracte# an# /n"a"ements entere# into- &e$ore the A#option o$ this ,onstitution- sha)) &e as va)i# a"ainst the 8nite# >tates un#er this ,onstitution- as un#er the ,on$e#eration. 3his ,onstitution- an# the Pa!s o$ the 8nite# >tates !hich sha)) &e ma#e in Pursuance thereo$7 an# a)) 3reaties ma#e- or !hich sha)) &e ma#e- un#er the Authorit( o$ the 8nite# >tates- sha)) &e the supreme Pa! o$ the Pan#7 an# the Ju#"es in ever( >tate sha)) &e &oun# there&(- an( 3hin" in the ,onstitution or Pa!s o$ an( >tate to the ,ontrar( not!ithstan#in". 3he >enators an# 4epresentatives &e$ore mentione#- an# the ;em&ers o$ the severa) >tate Pe"is)atures- an# a)) e0ecutive an#

=u#icia) %$$icers- &oth o$ the 8nite# >tates an# o$ the severa) >tates- sha)) &e &oun# &( %ath or A$$irmation- to support this ,onstitution7 &ut no re)i"ious 3est sha)) ever &e re6uire# as a Qua)i$ication to an( %$$ice or pu&)ic 3rust un#er the 8nite# >tates. Arti0le ,II 4 Ratifi0ation ocu!ents 3he 4ati$ication o$ the ,onventions o$ nine >tates- sha)) &e su$$icient $or the /sta&)ishment o$ this ,onstitution &et!een the >tates so rati$(in" the >ame. ?one in ,onvention &( the 8nanimous ,onsent o$ the >tates present the >eventeenth ?a( o$ >eptem&er in the @ear o$ our Por# one thousan# seven hun#re# an# /i"ht( seven an# o$ the 5n#epen#ence o$ the 8nite# >tates o$ America the 3!e)$th. 5n +itness !hereo$ +e have hereunto su&scri&e# our Eames. Note Go +ashin"ton - Presi#ent an# #eput( $rom Mir"inia Ee! 1ampshire - John Pan"#on- Eicho)as Gi)man ;assachusetts - Eathanie) Gorham- 4u$us Lin" ,onnecticut - +m >am) Johnson- 4o"er >herman Ee! @ork - A)e0an#er 1ami)ton Ee! Jerse( - +i) Pivin"ston- ?avi# rear)e(- +m Paterson- Jona. ?a(ton Pens()vania - 'rank)in- 3homas ;i$$)in- 4o&t ;orris- Geo. ,)(mer- 3hos 'itz>imons- Jare# 5n"erso))- James +i)son- Gouv ;orris ?e)a!are - Geo. 4ea#- Gunnin" e#$or# =un- John ?ickinson4ichar# assett- Jaco. room

;ar()an# - James ;c1enr(- ?an o$ >t 3ho Jeni$er- ?an) ,arro)) Mir"inia - John )air- James ;a#ison Jr. Eorth ,aro)ina - +m )ount- 4ich# ?o&&s >pai"ht- 1u +i))iamson >outh ,aro)ina - J. 4ut)e#"e- ,har)es ,otes!orth Pinckne(,har)es Pinckne(- Pierce ut)er Geor"ia - +i))iam 'e!- A&r a)#!in Attest: +i))iam Jackson- >ecretar( The Amendments Note &he follo$ing are the Amendments to the Constitution% &he first ten Amendments 0olle0ti/ely are 0ommonly Bno$n as the )ill of Rights% 1istory Amendment ! 4 Creedom of Religion9 Press9 E1pression% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% Note ,on"ress sha)) make no )a! respectin" an esta&)ishment o$ re)i"ion- or prohi&itin" the $ree e0ercise thereo$7 or a&ri#"in" the $ree#om o$ speech- or o$ the press7 or the ri"ht o$ the peop)e peacea&)( to assem&)e- an# to petition the Government $or a re#ress o$ "rievances. Amendment 5 4 Right to )ear Arms% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% Note A !e)) re"u)ate# ;i)itia- &ein" necessar( to the securit( o$ a $ree >tate- the ri"ht o$ the peop)e to keep an# &ear Arms- sha)) not &e in$rin"e#.

Amendment ; 4 Euartering of Soldiers% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% Note Eo >o)#ier sha))- in time o$ peace &e 6uartere# in an( house!ithout the consent o$ the %!ner- nor in time o$ !ar- &ut in a manner to &e prescri&e# &( )a!. Amendment 8 4 Sear0h and Sei.ure% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% 3he ri"ht o$ the peop)e to &e secure in their persons- housespapers- an# e$$ects- a"ainst unreasona&)e searches an# seizuressha)) not &e vio)ate#- an# no +arrants sha)) issue- &ut upon pro&a&)e cause- supporte# &( %ath or a$$irmation- an# particu)ar)( #escri&in" the p)ace to &e searche#- an# the persons or thin"s to &e seize#. Amendment < 4 &rial and Punishment9 Compensation for &aBings% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% Eo person sha)) &e he)# to ans!er $or a capita)- or other!ise in$amous crime- un)ess on a presentment or in#ictment o$ a Gran# Jur(- e0cept in cases arisin" in the )an# or nava) $orces- or in the ;i)itia- !hen in actua) service in time o$ +ar or pu&)ic #an"er7 nor sha)) an( person &e su&=ect $or the same o$$ense to &e t!ice put in =eopar#( o$ )i$e or )im&7 nor sha)) &e compe))e# in an( crimina) case to &e a !itness a"ainst himse)$- nor &e #eprive# o$ )i$e)i&ert(- or propert(- !ithout #ue process o$ )a!7 nor sha)) private propert( &e taken $or pu&)ic use- !ithout =ust compensation. Amendment > 4 Right to Speedy &rial9 Confrontation of Witnesses% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% 5n a)) crimina) prosecutions- the accuse# sha)) en=o( the ri"ht to a spee#( an# pu&)ic tria)- &( an impartia) =ur( o$ the >tate an#

#istrict !herein the crime sha)) have &een committe#- !hich #istrict sha)) have &een previous)( ascertaine# &( )a!- an# to &e in$orme# o$ the nature an# cause o$ the accusation7 to &e con$ronte# !ith the !itnesses a"ainst him7 to have compu)sor( process $or o&tainin" !itnesses in his $avor- an# to have the Assistance o$ ,ounse) $or his #e$ence. Amendment # 4 &rial y -ury in Ci/il Cases% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% 5n >uits at common )a!- !here the va)ue in controvers( sha)) e0cee# t!ent( #o))ars- the ri"ht o$ tria) &( =ur( sha)) &e preserve#an# no $act trie# &( a =ur(- sha)) &e other!ise re-e0amine# in an( ,ourt o$ the 8nite# >tates- than accor#in" to the ru)es o$ the common )a!. Amendment ? 4 Cruel and Unusual Punishment% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% /0cessive &ai) sha)) not &e re6uire#- nor e0cessive $ines impose#nor crue) an# unusua) punishments in$)icte#. Amendment @ 4 Constru0tion of Constitution% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% 3he enumeration in the ,onstitution- o$ certain ri"hts- sha)) not &e construe# to #en( or #ispara"e others retaine# &( the peop)e. Amendment !" 4 Po$ers of the States and People% Ratified !5D!<D!#@!% Note

3he po!ers not #e)e"ate# to the 8nite# >tates &( the ,onstitutionnor prohi&ite# &( it to the >tates- are reserve# to the >tates respective)(- or to the peop)e. Amendment !! 4 -udi0ial Limits% Ratified 5D#D!#@<% Note 1istory 3he Ju#icia) po!er o$ the 8nite# >tates sha)) not &e construe# to e0ten# to an( suit in )a! or e6uit(- commence# or prosecute# a"ainst one o$ the 8nite# >tates &( ,itizens o$ another >tate- or &( ,itizens or >u&=ects o$ an( 'orei"n >tate. Amendment !5 4 Choosing the President9 ,i0e4President% Ratified >D!<D!?"8% Note 1istory The &lectoral +ollege 3he /)ectors sha)) meet in their respective states- an# vote &( &a))ot $or Presi#ent an# Mice-Presi#ent- one o$ !hom- at )east- sha)) not &e an inha&itant o$ the same state !ith themse)ves7 the( sha)) name in their &a))ots the person vote# $or as Presi#ent- an# in #istinct &a))ots the person vote# $or as Mice-Presi#ent- an# the( sha)) make #istinct )ists o$ a)) persons vote# $or as Presi#ent- an# o$ a)) persons vote# $or as Mice-Presi#ent an# o$ the num&er o$ votes $or each!hich )ists the( sha)) si"n an# certi$(- an# transmit sea)e# to the seat o$ the "overnment o$ the 8nite# >tates- #irecte# to the Presi#ent o$ the >enate7 3he Presi#ent o$ the >enate sha))- in the presence o$ the >enate an# 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives- open a)) the certi$icates an# the votes sha)) then &e counte#7 3he person havin" the "reatest Eum&er o$ votes $or Presi#entsha)) &e the Presi#ent- i$ such num&er &e a ma=orit( o$ the !ho)e num&er o$ /)ectors appointe#7 an# i$ no person have such ma=orit(then $rom the persons havin" the hi"hest num&ers not e0cee#in"

three on the )ist o$ those vote# $or as Presi#ent- the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives sha)) choose imme#iate)(- &( &a))ot- the Presi#ent. ut in choosin" the Presi#ent- the votes sha)) &e taken &( statesthe representation $rom each state havin" one vote7 a 6uorum $or this purpose sha)) consist o$ a mem&er or mem&ers $rom t!o-thir#s o$ the states- an# a ma=orit( o$ a)) the states sha)) &e necessar( to a choice. An# i$ the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives sha)) not choose a Presi#ent !henever the ri"ht o$ choice sha)) #evo)ve upon them&e$ore the $ourth #a( o$ ;arch ne0t $o))o!in"- then the MicePresi#ent sha)) act as Presi#ent- as in the case o$ the #eath or other constitutiona) #isa&i)it( o$ the Presi#ent. 3he person havin" the "reatest num&er o$ votes as Mice-Presi#entsha)) &e the Mice-Presi#ent- i$ such num&er &e a ma=orit( o$ the !ho)e num&er o$ /)ectors appointe#- an# i$ no person have a ma=orit(- then $rom the t!o hi"hest num&ers on the )ist- the >enate sha)) choose the Mice-Presi#ent7 a 6uorum $or the purpose sha)) consist o$ t!o-thir#s o$ the !ho)e num&er o$ >enators- an# a ma=orit( o$ the !ho)e num&er sha)) &e necessar( to a choice. ut no person constitutiona))( ine)i"i&)e to the o$$ice o$ Presi#ent sha)) &e e)i"i&)e to that o$ Mice-Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates. Amendment !; 4 Sla/ery A olished% Ratified !5D>D!?><% 1istory :. Eeither s)aver( nor invo)untar( servitu#e- e0cept as a punishment $or crime !hereo$ the part( sha)) have &een #u)( convicte#- sha)) e0ist !ithin the 8nite# >tates- or an( p)ace su&=ect to their =uris#iction. 2. ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to en$orce this artic)e &( appropriate )e"is)ation. Amendment !8 4 Citi.enship Rights% Ratified #D@D!?>?% Note 1istory

:. A)) persons &orn or natura)ize# in the 8nite# >tates- an# su&=ect to the =uris#iction thereo$- are citizens o$ the 8nite# >tates an# o$ the >tate !herein the( resi#e. Eo >tate sha)) make or en$orce an( )a! !hich sha)) a&ri#"e the privi)e"es or immunities o$ citizens o$ the 8nite# >tates7 nor sha)) an( >tate #eprive an( person o$ )i$e)i&ert(- or propert(- !ithout #ue process o$ )a!7 nor #en( to an( person !ithin its =uris#iction the e6ua) protection o$ the )a!s. 2. 4epresentatives sha)) &e apportione# amon" the severa) >tates accor#in" to their respective num&ers- countin" the !ho)e num&er o$ persons in each >tate- e0c)u#in" 5n#ians not ta0e#. ut !hen the ri"ht to vote at an( e)ection $or the choice o$ e)ectors $or Presi#ent an# Mice-Presi#ent o$ the 8nite# >tates- 4epresentatives in ,on"ress- the /0ecutive an# Ju#icia) o$$icers o$ a >tate- or the mem&ers o$ the Pe"is)ature thereo$- is #enie# to an( o$ the ma)e inha&itants o$ such >tate- &ein" t!ent(-one (ears o$ a"e- an# citizens o$ the 8nite# >tates- or in an( !a( a&ri#"e#- e0cept $or participation in re&e))ion- or other crime- the &asis o$ representation therein sha)) &e re#uce# in the proportion !hich the num&er o$ such ma)e citizens sha)) &ear to the !ho)e num&er o$ ma)e citizens t!ent(-one (ears o$ a"e in such >tate. 3. Eo person sha)) &e a >enator or 4epresentative in ,on"ress- or e)ector o$ Presi#ent an# Mice-Presi#ent- or ho)# an( o$$ice- civi) or mi)itar(- un#er the 8nite# >tates- or un#er an( >tate- !ho- havin" previous)( taken an oath- as a mem&er o$ ,on"ress- or as an o$$icer o$ the 8nite# >tates- or as a mem&er o$ an( >tate )e"is)ature- or as an e0ecutive or =u#icia) o$$icer o$ an( >tate- to support the ,onstitution o$ the 8nite# >tates- sha)) have en"a"e# in insurrection or re&e))ion a"ainst the same- or "iven ai# or com$ort to the enemies thereo$. ut ,on"ress ma( &( a vote o$ t!o-thir#s o$ each 1ouse- remove such #isa&i)it(. <. 3he va)i#it( o$ the pu&)ic #e&t o$ the 8nite# >tates- authorize# &( )a!- inc)u#in" #e&ts incurre# $or pa(ment o$ pensions an#

&ounties $or services in suppressin" insurrection or re&e))ion- sha)) not &e 6uestione#. ut neither the 8nite# >tates nor an( >tate sha)) assume or pa( an( #e&t or o&)i"ation incurre# in ai# o$ insurrection or re&e))ion a"ainst the 8nite# >tates- or an( c)aim $or the )oss or emancipation o$ an( s)ave7 &ut a)) such #e&ts- o&)i"ations an# c)aims sha)) &e he)# i))e"a) an# voi#. H. 3he ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to en$orce- &( appropriate )e"is)ation- the provisions o$ this artic)e. Amendment !< 4 Ra0e (o )ar to ,ote% Ratified 5D;D!?#"% 1istory :. 3he ri"ht o$ citizens o$ the 8nite# >tates to vote sha)) not &e #enie# or a&ri#"e# &( the 8nite# >tates or &( an( >tate on account o$ race- co)or- or previous con#ition o$ servitu#e. 2. 3he ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to en$orce this artic)e &( appropriate )e"is)ation. Amendment !> 4 Status of In0ome &a1 Clarified% Ratified 5D;D!@!;% Note 1istory 3he ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to )a( an# co))ect ta0es on incomes- $rom !hatever source #erive#- !ithout apportionment amon" the severa) >tates- an# !ithout re"ar# to an( census or enumeration. Amendment !# 4 Senators Ele0ted y Popular ,ote% Ratified 8D?D!@!;% 1istory 3he >enate o$ the 8nite# >tates sha)) &e compose# o$ t!o >enators $rom each >tate- e)ecte# &( the peop)e thereo$- $or si0 (ears7 an# each >enator sha)) have one vote. 3he e)ectors in each >tate sha))

have the 6ua)i$ications re6uisite $or e)ectors o$ the most numerous &ranch o$ the >tate )e"is)atures. +hen vacancies happen in the representation o$ an( >tate in the >enate- the e0ecutive authorit( o$ such >tate sha)) issue !rits o$ e)ection to $i)) such vacancies: Provi#e#- 3hat the )e"is)ature o$ an( >tate ma( empo!er the e0ecutive thereo$ to make temporar( appointments unti) the peop)e $i)) the vacancies &( e)ection as the )e"is)ature ma( #irect. 3his amen#ment sha)) not &e so construe# as to a$$ect the e)ection or term o$ an( >enator chosen &e$ore it &ecomes va)i# as part o$ the ,onstitution. Amendment !? 4 LiAuor A olished% Ratified !D!>D!@!@% Repealed y Amendment 5!9 !5D<D!@;;% 1istory :. A$ter one (ear $rom the rati$ication o$ this artic)e the manu$acture- sa)e- or transportation o$ into0icatin" )i6uors !ithinthe importation thereo$ into- or the e0portation thereo$ $rom the 8nite# >tates an# a)) territor( su&=ect to the =uris#iction thereo$ $or &evera"e purposes is here&( prohi&ite#. 2. 3he ,on"ress an# the severa) >tates sha)) have concurrent po!er to en$orce this artic)e &( appropriate )e"is)ation. 3. 3his artic)e sha)) &e inoperative un)ess it sha)) have &een rati$ie# as an amen#ment to the ,onstitution &( the )e"is)atures o$ the severa) >tates- as provi#e# in the ,onstitution- !ithin seven (ears $rom the #ate o$ the su&mission hereo$ to the >tates &( the ,on"ress. Amendment !@ 4 WomenFs Suffrage% Ratified ?D!?D!@5"% 1istory

3he ri"ht o$ citizens o$ the 8nite# >tates to vote sha)) not &e #enie# or a&ri#"e# &( the 8nite# >tates or &( an( >tate on account o$ se0. ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to en$orce this artic)e &( appropriate )e"is)ation. Amendment 5" 4 Presidential9 Congressional &erms% Ratified !D5;D!@;;% 1istory :. 3he terms o$ the Presi#ent an# Mice Presi#ent sha)) en# at noon on the 29th #a( o$ Januar(- an# the terms o$ >enators an# 4epresentatives at noon on the 3# #a( o$ Januar(- o$ the (ears in !hich such terms !ou)# have en#e# i$ this artic)e ha# not &een rati$ie#7 an# the terms o$ their successors sha)) then &e"in. 2. 3he ,on"ress sha)) assem&)e at )east once in ever( (ear- an# such meetin" sha)) &e"in at noon on the 3# #a( o$ Januar(- un)ess the( sha)) &( )a! appoint a #i$$erent #a(. 3. 5$- at the time $i0e# $or the &e"innin" o$ the term o$ the Presi#ent- the Presi#ent e)ect sha)) have #ie#- the Mice Presi#ent e)ect sha)) &ecome Presi#ent. 5$ a Presi#ent sha)) not have &een chosen &e$ore the time $i0e# $or the &e"innin" o$ his term- or i$ the Presi#ent e)ect sha)) have $ai)e# to 6ua)i$(- then the Mice Presi#ent e)ect sha)) act as Presi#ent unti) a Presi#ent sha)) have 6ua)i$ie#7 an# the ,on"ress ma( &( )a! provi#e $or the case !herein neither a Presi#ent e)ect nor a Mice Presi#ent e)ect sha)) have 6ua)i$ie##ec)arin" !ho sha)) then act as Presi#ent- or the manner in !hich one !ho is to act sha)) &e se)ecte#- an# such person sha)) act accor#in")( unti) a Presi#ent or Mice Presi#ent sha)) have 6ua)i$ie#. <. 3he ,on"ress ma( &( )a! provi#e $or the case o$ the #eath o$ an( o$ the persons $rom !hom the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives ma( choose a Presi#ent !henever the ri"ht o$ choice sha)) have

#evo)ve# upon them- an# $or the case o$ the #eath o$ an( o$ the persons $rom !hom the >enate ma( choose a Mice Presi#ent !henever the ri"ht o$ choice sha)) have #evo)ve# upon them. H. >ections : an# 2 sha)) take e$$ect on the :Hth #a( o$ %cto&er $o))o!in" the rati$ication o$ this artic)e. 6. 3his artic)e sha)) &e inoperative un)ess it sha)) have &een rati$ie# as an amen#ment to the ,onstitution &( the )e"is)atures o$ three$ourths o$ the severa) >tates !ithin seven (ears $rom the #ate o$ its su&mission. Amendment 5! 4 Amendment !? Repealed% Ratified !5D<D!@;;% 1istory :. 3he ei"hteenth artic)e o$ amen#ment to the ,onstitution o$ the 8nite# >tates is here&( repea)e#. 2. 3he transportation or importation into an( >tate- 3erritor(- or possession o$ the 8nite# >tates $or #e)iver( or use therein o$ into0icatin" )i6uors- in vio)ation o$ the )a!s thereo$- is here&( prohi&ite#. 3. 3he artic)e sha)) &e inoperative un)ess it sha)) have &een rati$ie# as an amen#ment to the ,onstitution &( conventions in the severa) >tates- as provi#e# in the ,onstitution- !ithin seven (ears $rom the #ate o$ the su&mission hereo$ to the >tates &( the ,on"ress. Amendment 55 4 Presidential &erm Limits% Ratified 5D5#D!@<!% 1istory :. Eo person sha)) &e e)ecte# to the o$$ice o$ the Presi#ent more than t!ice- an# no person !ho has he)# the o$$ice o$ Presi#ent- or acte# as Presi#ent- $or more than t!o (ears o$ a term to !hich some other person !as e)ecte# Presi#ent sha)) &e e)ecte# to the

o$$ice o$ the Presi#ent more than once. ut this Artic)e sha)) not app)( to an( person ho)#in" the o$$ice o$ Presi#ent- !hen this Artic)e !as propose# &( the ,on"ress- an# sha)) not prevent an( person !ho ma( &e ho)#in" the o$$ice o$ Presi#ent- or actin" as Presi#ent- #urin" the term !ithin !hich this Artic)e &ecomes operative $rom ho)#in" the o$$ice o$ Presi#ent or actin" as Presi#ent #urin" the remain#er o$ such term. 2. 3his artic)e sha)) &e inoperative un)ess it sha)) have &een rati$ie# as an amen#ment to the ,onstitution &( the )e"is)atures o$ three$ourths o$ the severa) >tates !ithin seven (ears $rom the #ate o$ its su&mission to the >tates &( the ,on"ress. Amendment 5; 4 Presidential ,ote for Distri0t of Colum ia% Ratified ;D5@D!@>!% 1istory :. 3he ?istrict constitutin" the seat o$ Government o$ the 8nite# >tates sha)) appoint in such manner as the ,on"ress ma( #irect: A num&er o$ e)ectors o$ Presi#ent an# Mice Presi#ent e6ua) to the !ho)e num&er o$ >enators an# 4epresentatives in ,on"ress to !hich the ?istrict !ou)# &e entit)e# i$ it !ere a >tate- &ut in no event more than the )east popu)ous >tate7 the( sha)) &e in a##ition to those appointe# &( the >tates- &ut the( sha)) &e consi#ere#- $or the purposes o$ the e)ection o$ Presi#ent an# Mice Presi#ent- to &e e)ectors appointe# &( a >tate7 an# the( sha)) meet in the ?istrict an# per$orm such #uties as provi#e# &( the t!e)$th artic)e o$ amen#ment. 2. 3he ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to en$orce this artic)e &( appropriate )e"is)ation. Amendment 58 4 Poll &a1 )arred% Ratified !D5;D!@>8% 1istory

:. 3he ri"ht o$ citizens o$ the 8nite# >tates to vote in an( primar( or other e)ection $or Presi#ent or Mice Presi#ent- $or e)ectors $or Presi#ent or Mice Presi#ent- or $or >enator or 4epresentative in ,on"ress- sha)) not &e #enie# or a&ri#"e# &( the 8nite# >tates or an( >tate &( reason o$ $ai)ure to pa( an( po)) ta0 or other ta0. 2. 3he ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to en$orce this artic)e &( appropriate )e"is)ation. Amendment 5< 4 Presidential Disa ility and Su00ession% Ratified 5D!"D!@>#% Note 1istory :. 5n case o$ the remova) o$ the Presi#ent $rom o$$ice or o$ his #eath or resi"nation- the Mice Presi#ent sha)) &ecome Presi#ent. 2. +henever there is a vacanc( in the o$$ice o$ the Mice Presi#entthe Presi#ent sha)) nominate a Mice Presi#ent !ho sha)) take o$$ice upon con$irmation &( a ma=orit( vote o$ &oth 1ouses o$ ,on"ress. 3. +henever the Presi#ent transmits to the Presi#ent pro tempore o$ the >enate an# the >peaker o$ the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives his !ritten #ec)aration that he is una&)e to #ischar"e the po!ers an# #uties o$ his o$$ice- an# unti) he transmits to them a !ritten #ec)aration to the contrar(- such po!ers an# #uties sha)) &e #ischar"e# &( the Mice Presi#ent as Actin" Presi#ent. <. +henever the Mice Presi#ent an# a ma=orit( o$ either the principa) o$$icers o$ the e0ecutive #epartments or o$ such other &o#( as ,on"ress ma( &( )a! provi#e- transmit to the Presi#ent pro tempore o$ the >enate an# the >peaker o$ the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives their !ritten #ec)aration that the Presi#ent is una&)e to #ischar"e the po!ers an# #uties o$ his o$$ice- the Mice Presi#ent sha)) imme#iate)( assume the po!ers an# #uties o$ the o$$ice as Actin" Presi#ent.

3herea$ter- !hen the Presi#ent transmits to the Presi#ent pro tempore o$ the >enate an# the >peaker o$ the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives his !ritten #ec)aration that no ina&i)it( e0ists- he sha)) resume the po!ers an# #uties o$ his o$$ice un)ess the Mice Presi#ent an# a ma=orit( o$ either the principa) o$$icers o$ the e0ecutive #epartment or o$ such other &o#( as ,on"ress ma( &( )a! provi#e- transmit !ithin $our #a(s to the Presi#ent pro tempore o$ the >enate an# the >peaker o$ the 1ouse o$ 4epresentatives their !ritten #ec)aration that the Presi#ent is una&)e to #ischar"e the po!ers an# #uties o$ his o$$ice. 3hereupon ,on"ress sha)) #eci#e the issue- assem&)in" !ithin $ort( ei"ht hours $or that purpose i$ not in session. 5$ the ,on"ress- !ithin t!ent( one #a(s a$ter receipt o$ the )atter !ritten #ec)aration- or- i$ ,on"ress is not in session!ithin t!ent( one #a(s a$ter ,on"ress is re6uire# to assem&)e#etermines &( t!o thir#s vote o$ &oth 1ouses that the Presi#ent is una&)e to #ischar"e the po!ers an# #uties o$ his o$$ice- the Mice Presi#ent sha)) continue to #ischar"e the same as Actin" Presi#ent7 other!ise- the Presi#ent sha)) resume the po!ers an# #uties o$ his o$$ice. Amendment 5> 4 ,oting Age Set to !? *ears% Ratified #D!D!@#!% 1istory :. 3he ri"ht o$ citizens o$ the 8nite# >tates- !ho are ei"hteen (ears o$ a"e or o)#er- to vote sha)) not &e #enie# or a&ri#"e# &( the 8nite# >tates or &( an( >tate on account o$ a"e. 2. 3he ,on"ress sha)) have po!er to en$orce this artic)e &( appropriate )e"is)ation. Amendment 5# 4 Limiting Congressional Pay In0reases% Ratified <D#D!@@5% 1istory

Eo )a!- var(in" the compensation $or the services o$ the >enators an# 4epresentatives- sha)) take e$$ect- unti) an e)ection o$ 4epresentatives sha)) have intervene#.
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