SQL Server 2008 Administration

Published on June 2016 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 47 | Comments: 0 | Views: 1030
of x
Download PDF   Embed   Report

Comments

Content

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 1 Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Administration

About me…
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Hello and Welcome – Mel Haynes, MCP • Visual Basic and ASP development • Developer and trainer • BS and MS in Computer Science • [email protected]

SQL Server 2008 Administration
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Contents

•Welcome to Microsoft SQL Server 2008 •Installing SQL Server 2008 •An Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Tools •Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases •Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security •Implementing Disaster Recovery

1

SQL Server 2008 Administration
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Contents

•Optimizing and Monitoring SQL Server 2008 •Automating Administrative Tasks •SQL Server High Availability Options •Implementing SQL Server Replication •Resource Governor •Performing Data Management Tasks

SQL Server 2008 Administration
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Contents

•Data compression •Common SQL Server Commands •SQL Server Database Mail •SQL Server 2008 Certification 101

SQL Server 2008 Administration
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The environment

• SQL Server 2008 Enterprise Server • microsoft.com/sqlserver • Windows 2008 or 2003 • Virtual machines • Sample database • Sample files on course CD or online

2

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 2 Welcome to SQL Server 2008

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

•What is SQL Server 2008? •SQL Server 2008 Solutions •Veronica's Veronicas

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server 2008: The main players

•Data engine •Integration
Services •Analysis Services •Reporting Services

3

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Solutions

DW

ETL DM

OLAP
OLTP

BI

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Solutions

• OLAP – Online Analytical Processing • Data warehouse • OLTP – Online Transaction Processing • Data mining • BI – Business Intelligence • ETL – Extract Transform Load

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Data engine

•Relational database
management systems (RDMS) •Structured Query Language •Transact-SQL (T-SQL)

4

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Data engine

•Management Studio •Performance tools •Automation tools •Windows integration •SQL Server Services •Security

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

• Analysis:

Analysis and Integration Services

–Making business decisions

• Integration:
–Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) –Data integration and data transformations

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

• BI, Data mining, OLAP
–BI, SSAS, SSRS

Solutions

• Data warehouse, OLTP
–Data Engine

• ETL
–SSIS

5

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

• OLAP – Online Analytical Processing • Data warehouse – Centralized data • OLTP – Online Transaction Processing • Data mining – Getting answers • BI – Business Intelligence • ETL – Extract, Transform, Load

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

• Data engine – Core database • Integration Services – ETL solution • Analysis Services – Analysis solution • Reporting Services – Reporting package • RDMS – Relational database management systems • SQL – Structured Query Language • T-SQL – Transact-SQL

6

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

• Database technologies • Microsoft data solutions

Welcome to SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to…

•Pick the right SQL Server tool

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 3 Installing SQL Server 2008

7

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

• SQL Server 2008 Editions • Requirements • Basic SQL Server 2008 Security Concepts • Installing SQL Server 2008 – Right Here Live!

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

So many variations to choose from!

Edition

Description

• Enterprise-class scalability, Enterprise • High availability, (x86, x64, • Full business intelligence IA64) capabilities • Built-in business intelligence Standard capabilities for departmental (x86, x64) applications. • SQL Server Standard Small Business licensed for 75 or fewer (x86, x64) computers.

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Specialized editions of SQL Server 2008

Edition

Description

SQL Server 2008 Developer (x86, x64, IA64)

“SQL Server 2008 Enterprise” licensed for development and test only. Upgradable for production use.

8

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Specialized editions of SQL Server 2008

Edition

Description

Workgroup (x86, x64)

For running local branch location databases reporting remote synchronization.

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Specialized editions of SQL Server 2008

Edition

Description

Web (x86, x64)

Low total-cost-of-ownership option for Web hosts and Web sites.

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Specialized editions of SQL Server 2008

Edition • Express Edition (SSE) (x86 and x64) • SSE with Tools (x86 and x64) • SSE with Adv. Services (x86 and x64)

Description

SQL Server Express is free and can be redistributed by ISV's (subject to agreement).

9

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Specialized editions of SQL Server 2008

Edition • Compact 3.5 SP1 (x86) • Compact 3.1 (x86)

Description

SQL Server Compact 3.5 is a free, embedded database ideal for building stand-alone and occasionally connected applications.

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Features Supported by the Editions

http://msdn.microsoft.com

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server 2008 Requirements

Hardware Disk space Software

10

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Hardware and OS

Enterprise 32 Processor OS RAM

Enterprise 64

1.0 GHz min. 2.0 GHz rec. 1.4 GHz min 2.0 GHz rec. Windows 2003 or 2008 512 MB min. 2 GB rec. Windows 2003 or 2008 512 MB min. 2 GB rec.

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Hard Disk Space Requirements (32-Bit and 64-Bit)

Feature
Database Engine and data files, Replication, and Full-Text Search Analysis Services and data files Reporting Services and Report Manager Integration Services Client Components SQL Server Books Online and SQL Server Compact Books Online

Disk space
280 MB

90 MB 120 MB 120 MB 850 MB 240 MB

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Software and where to get it?

www.microsoft.com/sqlserver .Net Framework Windows Installer Update

11

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server Security 101- “Just the facts please.”
Windows Authentication

vs
SQL Server Authentication

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

• “31 Flavors” of SQL Server 2008 • What I need to get started • Authentication modes • Installation process

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms
1. 2. 3. Authentication Mode Windows Authentication SQL Server Authentication

12

Installing SQL Server 2008
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to …

• Select the version of SQL that’s right for you. • Determine what SQL options you need. • Install SQL Server 2008.

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 4 An Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Tools

An Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Tools
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

• SQL Server 2008 Management Studio

•Loading the Database •Business Intelligence Development Studio •Performance Tools •Configuration Manager •Reporting Services Manager •Command-Line Tools
Overview (a. k. a. the 50 cent tour of SQL 08)

13

An Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Tools
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

System Databases

• master • model • tempdb • msdb • ReportServer • ReportServerDB • distribution

An Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Tools
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

• Overview of SQL Server 2008 tools

An Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Tools
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms
1. 2. 3. 4. None System Database Business Intelligence Replication

14

An Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Tools
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to …

• Access several of the SQL Server 2008 tools • Load an existing database using a script and .csv files.

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 5 Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

OverviewDatabases • Creating

• Database Planning

• Database Diagrams • Views • Synonyms

15

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Planning

• Where do I put it? • How much space will I need? • What are the performance needs? • How will I protect and maintain it?

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Creating Databases

• Files and Filegroups • Database options

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Files and Filegroups

• Primary (.mdf) • Transaction Log (.ldf) • Secondary (.ndf)

16

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Files and Filegroups

• Primary
(.mdf, .ndf01….ndfn)

• User-defined

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Files and Filegroups

• Primary
(.mdf)

• User-defined
(.ndf01….ndfn)

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database files

• Location • File size • File growth options

17

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Files and Filegroups
1. 2. 3. Create additional db files if needed. Create additional filegroups. Create tables and assign to filegroups.

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Default Database Values
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 100 ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT OFF ANSI_NULLS OFF ANSI_PADDING OFF ANSI_WARNINGS OFF ARITHABORT OFF AUTO_CLOSE OFF AUTO_CREATE_STATISTICS ON AUTO_SHRINK OFF AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS ON CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT OFF CURSOR_DEFAULT GLOBAL

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Default Database Values
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS OFF DISABLE_BROKER AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS_ASYNC OFF DATE_CORRELATION_OPTIMIZATION OFF PARAMETERIZATION SIMPLE READ_WRITE RECOVERY FULL MULTI_USER PAGE_VERIFY CHECKSUM

18

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Diagrams

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

A DB with a View

• Presents complete picture • Restricts data access • Provides greater security

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Creating a Synonym

USE flowers; GO CREATE SYNONYM FlowerName FOR flowers.genus.species; GO FlowerName = flowers.genus.species

19

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Creating Databases
Files and Filegroups Database options

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Recommendations

• A single data file and a single transaction log file is okay. • Put the transaction log file on different physical disk from all other files.

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

• Creating databases
– auto_shrink – auto_growth • SQL Server data files – .mdf, .ndf, .ldf – File Locations • Creating tables

20

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

• Filegroups
Mechanism for managing multiple data files as one unit

• Synonyms
Short alternative names used to reference database objects

• View
Data perspective created via a query

• Database Diagrams
Graphical representation of database objects and the relationships between them

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

•auto_shrink
SQL Server will reduce db file sizes if the space is not being used.

•auto_growth
If additional space is needed SQL Server 2008 will increase db file size to accommodate the grow.

Creating SQL Server 2008 Databases
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to …

• Create a database • Create a database file group • Create database tables • Distribute tables across multiple disks using filegroups

21

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 6 Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

• SQL Server security landscape • Managing user access • Protecting your data • Best Practices

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server Security Landscape

• Limiting access to the database
and within the database

• Network access security • Creating secure database applications (CLR integration)

22

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Physical Security

• Place servers in a secure location

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Managing User Access

• Managing logins and users • Server and database roles • Database permissions • Schemas

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Logins and Users

• People

23

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Logins and Users

• People • Applications • SQL Server Services

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security

Server-Level Role
• • • • • • • • • sysadmin serveradmin securityadmin processadmin setupadmin bulkadmin diskadmin dbcreator public

Database-level role
• • • • • • • • • db_owner db_securityadmin db_accessadmin db_backupoperator db_ddladmin db_datawriter db_datareader db_denydatawriter db_denydatareader

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Schemas

•Object permission management •Groups for objects •Part of the ANSI standards

24

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Grouping Users - Roles

db_datareader, db_datawriter

Ron

Ray

Kim db_securityadmin

Mel

Sue

Tom

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Grouping Objects - Schemas

Sales Schema
Table StPrc View Table View StPrc

DB

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Schemas

CREATE TABLE HR.Benefits (abc int) ALTER SCHEMA Sales TRANSFER dbo.Customers

25

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Protecting your data

• Auditing SQL Server

– c2 and Common Criteria Certifications
• Configuring “surface area” • Remote access • File security • SQL Server data encryption

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Other stuff to know…

•The SQL Server sa Login
The SQL Server sa login is created by default.

• Certificate-based SQL Server Logins
Server names enclosed by double hash marks (##) are for internal system use only and should not be deleted.

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Other stuff to know…

• public

Database Role
Every database user belongs to the public database role. It provides default permissions when a user has not been granted or denied specific permissions.

26

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Other stuff to know…

•INFORMATION_SCHEMA and sys
Every database includes two entities that appear as users in catalog views: INFORMATION_SCHEMA and sys. These entities are required by SQL Server. They cannot be modified or dropped.

•guest User •dbo

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Best Practices

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Use the NTFS file system Use RAID for critical data files Disable unnecessary protocols Run SQL Server services with the lowest possible permissions Associate SQL Server services with low privileged Windows accounts

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Best Practices
6. 7. 8. Rename and assign a strong password to the sa account Only turn on what you need Use Windows authentication

27

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

• logins and users • Schemas • Database roles • Server roles • Built-in logins, users and roles • SQL Server firewall configuration • SQL Server Audits

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Logins vs Users Server role Database role Application role Schema sa dbo Surface Area c2 and Common Criteria Certifications

− − − − − − − − −

Server vs DB Server wide rights Database rights Application access Groups DB objects System Admin login Database owner The enabled features Auditing specifications supported by SQL Server

Configuring SQL Server 2008 Security
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to …

• Allow users and applications managed access to SQL Server resources • Use schemas to manage
SQL Server objects

• Track user logins and login attempts

28

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 7 SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

•Database Recovery Models •SQL Server 2008 Backup Types •SQL Server 2008 Database Backup •Backup Options •Backup Strategies •Restoring Databases

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server Recovery Models

•Full Recovery Model •Bulk-Logged Recovery Model •Simple Recovery Model

29

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Demo:

•Show where recovery model is
set or changed in existing db •Show creating a new db and where recovery model is set.

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Full Recovery Model

• Transactional log files are maintained • No work is lost due to a lost or damaged data file • Can recover to an arbitrary point in time • Normally no work loss exposure
(If the “tail” of the log is damaged, changes since the most recent log backup must be redone.)

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Use the Full Recovery Model when…
1. You must be able to recover all the data 2. If the database contains multiple filegroups, and

you want a piecemeal restore of read/write secondary filegroups 3. You must be able to recover to the point of failure 4. You are willing to incur the administrative costs of transaction log backups 5. You are willing to incur a performance “hit”

30

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Bulk Logged Recovery Model

• Logs are maintained, but not individual transactions • Supports high-performance bulk copy operations • Reduces log space for most bulk operations • If the log is damaged or bulk-logged operations
occurred since the most recent log backup, changes since that last backup must be redone.

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What gets lost…

Log backups

Time . . . . . . .

Full backup

Log backup

Bulk load

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Bulk Logged Recovery Model

• Can recover to the end of any backup • If a log backup contains any bulk-logged operations,
you cannot restore to a point-in-time within that log backup; you can restore only the whole log backup

31

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Use the Bulk-Logged Recovery Model when… 1. You are running large-scale bulk

operations, and you do not require point-in-time recovery of the database 2. You must run periodic bulk operations 3. You want to conserve disk space by using minimal logging As soon as a set of bulk operations finishes, immediately switch back to the full recovery model.

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Switching Between Full and Bulk-Logged Recovery

• • •

For a database that uses full recovery, switching to the bulk-logged recovery model temporarily for bulk operations improves performance Conditions: 1. Users are currently not allowed in the database 2. No modifications are made during bulk processing Recommends: 1. Before switching to the bulk-logged recovery model back up the log 2. After performing the bulk operations immediately switch back to full recovery mode 3. After switching back to the full recovery model, you back up the log again

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Simple Recovery Model

• No log backups • Automatically reclaims log space to keep space
requirements small, essentially eliminating the need to manage the transaction log space • Changes since the most recent backup are unprotected. In the event of a disaster, those changes must be redone • Can recover only to the end of a backup

32

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Use the simple recovery model when… • Point of failure recovery is unnecessary • You are willing to lose all the updates between a failure and the previous backup or differential backup

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types:

Recovery models vs Backup types

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types:

Recovery models: Determine what’s available to backup

33

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types:

Backup types: Determine what’s in a backup

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types: Whole or partial? Every recovery model lets you back up a whole or partial SQL Server database or individual files or filegroups of the database

• Full backup • Differential backupfilegroups or files, and also database or set of
enough log to allow for recovering that data A full backup contains all the data in a specific

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types: Whole or partial? • Differential backup A differential backup is based on the latest full backup of the data – Differential base: A full backup – Differential backup: The changed data – Can speed up the backup process – Restore the full backup first, then the most recent differential backup

34

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

•Show screen with backup
types. •If I do that then delete the slide that lists the four types.

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types:

•Full Database Backups •Full File Backups •Partial Backups •Differential Backups

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types:

•Full Database Backups

35

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types:

•Full File Backups

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types:

•Partial Backups

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Backup types:

•Differential Backups

36

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Recovery Requirements

•How important is it to never
lose a change? •How easy would it be to recreate lost data?

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Staffing Considerations

•Does your organization use
system or database administrators?

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Data Usage Patterns

•Frequently changing data? •Are some tables modified more
frequently? •Critical production periods? •Risky updates or errors?

37

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Maintenance Plan Wizard

•Helps you set up core
maintenance tasks •Creates SQL Server Agent jobs

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Best Practices

•Carefully consider your
business needs •Test your backups •Off site storage •Secure location

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

System databases

master – Back up after creating or modifying any database objects model – Determines default for all new databases msdb – Use the full recovery model tempdb – Can not backup

38

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Other databases

Replication databases: publisher, distribution, subscriber – Use the full recovery model

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered …

•Database Recovery Models •SQL Server 2008 Backup Types •Make backup strategy decisions •Recovering a SQL Server
Database

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms 1. Recovery model Determines what’s available to backup 2. Backup type Determines what’s is in a backup 3. Full backup The entire database 4. Differential or partial backup What’s changed since the last backup 5. File backup Backs up specific database files 6. Log backup Backs up the log file

39

SQL Server 2008 Implementing Disaster Recovery
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to …

• Perform a full back up of your SQL Server database • Perform differential backups of your SQL Server database • Perform backups of key files and table • Restore (ie roll back) a SQL Server database to a specific point in time • Create automated maintenance plans

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 8 SQL Server 2008 Performance

SQL Server 2008 Performance
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

• SQL Profiler / SQL Trace (T-SQL) • Windows System Monitor • Activity Monitor • Transact-SQL • Windows Logs • Default Trace • Dynamic Management Views

40

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Profiler / SQL Trace (T-SQL)

• Shows how SQL Server resolves queries internally • Allows administrators to see TransactSQL statements and how the server accesses the return result sets • You can:
– – – – Create a trace that is based on a reusable template Watch the trace results as the trace runs Store the trace results in a table or file Replay the trace results

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Profiler / SQL Trace (T-SQL)

• Trend analysis • Replaying captured events • Ad hoc monitoring • Graphical interface • Using within custom
application

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Windows System Monitor

• Tracks resource usage • System Monitor a.k.a. Performance Monitor, Reliability &… • Collects counts and rates • You can generate operator alerts • SQL Server Profiler monitors Database Engine events… • but System Monitor monitors resource

usage associated with server processes

41

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Windows System Monitor

• Trend analysis • Generating alerts • Graphical interface

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Activity Monitor

Section 1. Overview - Graphical display section 2. Processes- Shows user activities 3. Resource Waits - Wait state information 4. Data File I/O - Data and log files I/O information 5. Recent Expensive Queries - Most expensive queries

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Activity Monitor

• Ad hoc monitoring • Graphical interface

42

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Transact-SQL

• sp_who • sp_lock • sp_spaceused • sp_monitor

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Transact-SQL

• Ad hoc monitoring • Using within custom
application

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Windows Logs

• SQL Server Services • Audits • Errors

43

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Windows Logs

• Ad hoc monitoring • Graphical interface

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Default Trace

The SQL Server “black box”
exec sp_configure ‘default trace enabled’, ‘0’ reconfigure with override ‘show advanced options’, ‘1’

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Dynamic Management Views

• Under System Views folder • Sys.dm_… • Views to underlying data • Provides stable interface

44

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Monitoring Tools Comparison
SQL Windows Activity TransactServer System Monitor SQL Profiler Monitor Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Event or activity

Error logs

Trend analysis Replaying captured events Ad hoc monitoring Generating alerts Graphical interface Using within custom application

Monitoring SQL Server 2008 Performance
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

•SQL Server 2008 monitoring
tools

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Monitoring SQL Server 2008 Performance

Terms

• SQL Profiler / SQL Trace (T-SQL) • Windows System Monitor • Activity Monitor • Transact-SQL • Windows Logs • Default Trace • Dynamic Management Views

45

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Monitoring SQL Server 2008 Performance

You should know how to …

• Perform ad hoc performance
checks of a SQL Server database • Determine baseline system performance • Track performance trends • Identify areas where changes are needed to increase performance

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 9 Automating Administrative Tasks

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

•SQL Server Agent •Security •Tools to use •Implementing Jobs •Monitoring and responding to
events

46

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server Agent

•A Windows service •Executes scheduled
administrative tasks •Triggered by: Schedules, events, user requests

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The big picture

1. Identify administrative tasks 2. Define a set of jobs, schedules, alerts, and operators 3. Run the SQL Server Agent jobs you have defined

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Configuration

•SQL Server
Management Studio •msdb database

47

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The SQL Server Agent account

• In SQL Server:

• In Windows grant permission to:
– Act as part of the operating system – Adjust memory quotas for a process – Bypass traverse checking – Log on as a batch job – Log on as a service – Replace a process level token

– Member of sysadmin role

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The players

•Role •Subsystem •Proxy

•Roles •Subsystems
Proxies

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Roles

48

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Security

• Database roles: −SQLAgentUserRole −SQLAgentReaderRole −SQLAgentOperatorRole

View and execute jobs they own Create job steps that run as an existing proxy account

Search http://msdn.microsoft.com for “SQL Server Agent Fixed Database Roles”

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Security

• Server role:
–sysadmin

Create, modify, and delete proxy accounts Create job steps that do not specify a proxy

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Subsystem
A set of functionality available to SQL Server Agent

49

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Subsystem name Microsoft ActiveX Script Operating System (CmdExec) PowerShell Replication Distributor Replication Merge Replication Queue Reader Replication Snapshot

Description ActiveX scripting job step Executable program PowerShell scripting job step Activates the replication Distribution Agent Activate the replication Merge Agent Activate the replication Queue Reader Agent Activate the replication Snapshot Agent

Replication Transaction Log Reader Activate the replication Log Reader Agent Analysis Services Command Analysis Services Query SSIS package execution Analysis Services command Analysis Services query SSIS package

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Proxy

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Proxy

• Job steps that execute Transact-SQL
do not use SQL Server Agent proxies. • A SQL Server Agent proxy defines the security context for a job step. • A proxy provides SQL Server Agent with access to the security credentials for a Microsoft Windows user.

50

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Creating a job

•New Job… •Create the job and steps •Use T-SQL to execute the task •Create a schedule for the job

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Security guidelines

•Create dedicated user accounts •Only grant what’s necessary •Do not use a Windows
Administrators group account

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

•Job – A series of operations

performed sequentially by SQL Server Agent •Operator – Aliases for people or groups that can receive electronic notification when jobs have completed or alerts have been raised

51

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

• Subsystem – A predefined object that

represents a set of functionality available to a SQL Server Agent proxy • Proxy – Provides SQL Server Agent with access to the security credentials for a Microsoft Windows user • Credential – The authentication information required to connect to a resource outside SQL Server

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

•SQL Server Agent •msdb and key fixed database
roles •Subsystems •Proxies

Automating Administrative Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

•Assigning a system account to SQL Server Agent •Grant privileges to the SQL Server Agent account •Creating secure users accounts to perform backups •Creating SQL Server Agent jobs,
job tasks, and schedules

You should know how to…

52

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 10 High Availability

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The Landscape

•Failover clustering •Database mirroring •Log shipping •Replication

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server Failover Clustering

• Built on top of Windows Server failover clusters • Supports an entire instance of SQL Server • One or more "nodes", or servers, and two or more shared disks • Appears as a single SQL Server instance • An application can connect by referencing the failover cluster instance name • A non-disk hardware failure, operating system failure, or planned operating system upgrade • A failover cluster does not protect against disk failure • SQL Server Enterprise, SQL Server Developer, SQL Server
Standard

53

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

•A software solution •Almost instantaneous failover •A single standby database • Principal server
and mirror server

SQL Server Database Mirroring

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server Log Shipping

• One or more warm standby databases • Updates secondary database at set intervals from log backups of the primary database • User-modifiable delay between creating a log backup and restores • You must manually applying any unrestored log backups before a failover can occur • Log shipping can support multiple standby
databases

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server Replication

• Publisher-subscriber model • Can distribute data to one or more
secondary servers, or Subscribers • Supports data filtering and partitioning • Real-time availability • Subscribers are online and available

54

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Comparisons
Clustering Automatic switch over > 1 "secondary" Manual switch over Editions available Can improve performance Database level Server level Hardware failure protection Distributed Data Live “secondary” Yes Yes Yes E, D, S Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes E Mirroring Yes Yes Yes E, S, W All Yes Yes Log Shipping Replication Yes Yes

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

•Nodes – Servers in a SQL Server
cluster •Instance – A copy of the SQL Server

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

4 high availability options

55

SQL Server 2008 High Availability
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to…

•Define what is SQL Server High
Availability •Compare the various solutions

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 11 Replication

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

•What’s the problem to solve? •What is SQL Replication? •SQL Server Replication
Concepts •Setting up Replication

56

SQL Server 2008 Replication

In the beginning…

Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

UÉ|áx V{|vtzÉ ftÇ ]âtÇ

c{ÉxÇ|å

atÑxÄá

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What’s the problem to solve?

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

In the beginning…

Boise

Phoenix

San Juan

Naples

57

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What is SQL Replication?

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The Solution:

Replication

Eastern

• San Juan • Naples • Boise

Chicago

North Central

Western

• Phoenix

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What is SQL Server Replication?

Distributing data and database objects Data redundancy Faster access

58

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

SQL Server Replication Concepts

SQL Server 2008 Replication

Server to Server

SQL Server 2008 Replication

Server to Client

59

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What gets sent Where and When?

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Types of Replication

• Server-to-server • Offloading

• Distributed
applications • Mobile applications • Point of sale • Two-way

• Provides initial
data

Transactional

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The SQL Server Roles

• Publisher • Distributor • Subscriber

Snapshot

batch processing • Incremental • One way

• Complete
refresh

• Smaller data
sets

Merge

60

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Publisher

The data source

Source

Publication

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Distributor

•Stores replication data •Local Distributor vs
Remote Distributor

Publisher

Publication

Distributor

Publication

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Subscribers

• A database instance that receives
replicated data

Publication Publication

61

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The Pieces

Subscription
Western

Publication Article Article Article Article

Central

Eastern

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

I’ll take a years subscription to the Times please…

• Article – Data and objects that
will be shared or replicated • Publication – A group of articles just like a newspaper or magazine • Subscription – The plan for who gets what publication and when

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Article

• Tables • Views • Jobs • Stored Procedures • Plus other objects

62

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The Players

•SQL Server Agent •Snapshot Agent •Log Reader Agent
– It is used in all forms of replication – Used in transactional replication – Extracts and sends transactions from publisher's log •Distribution Agent – Dispatcher •Merge Agent – Used Merge Replication – The Boss

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Replication User Accounts

Agent Snapshot Agent Log Reader Agent Distribution Agent

Location Publisher Publisher

Account name <machine_name>\repl_snapshot <machine_name>\repl_logreader

Publisher and <machine_name>\repl_distribution Subscriber

Publisher Merge Agent and <machine_name>\repl_merge Subscriber

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Publication

• A collection of articles from one database • Management mechanism

63

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Subscription

• A request for a copy of a publication • Defines what publication • Where - When – How often • Two flavors: push and pull

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Best Practices

• Replication needs should be clearly defined • Place subscribers on separate computers

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Best Practices

• Carefully plan your backup strategy • Regularly validate replicated data

64

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered …

•Benefits of replication •Setting up replication systems accounts •Configured transactional replication •Server roles •Types of replication •SQL Server agents involved in replication

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

1. Publisher Source of the replicated data 2. Distributor Handles distribution of the data. Can be on a separate computer. 3. Subscriber The recipient of the replicated data

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

4. Article Data and objects that will be shared or replicated 5. Publication A group of articles just like a newspaper or magazine 6. Subscription The plan for who gets what publication and when

65

SQL Server 2008 Replication
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to …

• Create and configure system replication accounts • Configure replication folder • Configure publisher • Create a publication • Create a subscription

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 12 Resource Governor

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

• Troubleshooting SQL Server?
Where to start? • Some of the tools to use • Managing database utilization with Resource Governor

66

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Where do you start?

• Review configuration settings and
setup • Determine the general problem area

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Some of the tools to use

• Windows Event Viewer • SQL Profiler / SQL Trace (T-SQL) • Windows System Monitor • Activity Monitor • Transact-SQL • Windows Logs • Default Trace • Dynamic Management Views • Database Engine Tuning Advisor

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Managing Resource Utilization

• Demand for database services
will continue to increase • You are always on a path towards disaster • The best DBAs may go completely unnoticed

67

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Resource Governor

Application Application

Application

Application

Application Application

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Key Concepts

• Resource pools
Pools of system resources are defined and then a percentage of those resources is allocated to the pool. – Used to minimize the effect of “run away” processes – Groups system resources and access levels – Presently only CPU time and memory

1 Pool 2

Pool 3

100%CPU 10% CPU 100%RAM 10% RAM

50% CPU 50% RAM

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Creating a Resource Pool CREATE RESOURCE POOL pool_name [ WITH ([ MIN_CPU_PERCENT = value ][[,] MAX_CPU_PERCENT = value ][[,] MIN_MEMORY_PERCENT = value ][[,] MAX_MEMORY_PERCENT = value ] )];

68

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Key Concepts

• Workload groups
Workload groups server as containers for processes running against the DB. These containers or groups are mapped to specific resource pools.

Reporting
Production Applications

Adhoc Queries Administration Activities

SQL Server Data Engine

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Creating a Workload Group CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP group_name [ WITH ([ IMPORTANCE = { LOW|MEDIUM|HIGH } ][[,] REQUEST_MAX_MEMORY_GRANT_PERCENT = value ][[,] REQUEST_MAX_CPU_TIME_SEC = value ][[,] REQUEST_MEMORY_GRANT_TIMEOUT_SEC = value ][[,] MAX_DOP = value ][[,] GROUP_MAX_REQUESTS = value ] )][ USING { pool_name | "default" } ];

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Key Concepts

• Classification
Resource Governor supports using a user-defined classifier function for implementing classification rules.

SQL Query SQL Query

Management Reporting Production Applications

Adhoc Queries Administration Activities

1

Resource Pools

2

3

69

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Creating a Classifier Function

• Can classify incoming requests based on
various criteria:
– – – – – Login Database name Host name Application name Connection properties such as IP address or protocol

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Creating a Classifier Function CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ClassifierFunctionName() RETURNS SYSNAME WITH SCHEMABINDING AS BEGIN RETURN (SELECT CASE SUSER_SNAME() WHEN ‘ProductionProc’ THEN ‘HighPriorityGrp’ WHEN ‘ReportingProc’ THEN ‘MidPriorityGrp’ ELSE ‘LowPriorityGrp’ END ); END GO

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Resource Governor

• Classify incoming connections and route their
workloads to a specific group

• Monitor resource usage for each workload in
a group

• Pool resources and set pool-specific limits on
CPU usage and memory allocation

• Associate grouped workloads with a specific
pool of resources

• Identify and set priorities for workloads

70

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Miscellaneous

•To change the Resource Governor configuration, a user
requires CONTROL SERVER permission (sysadmin role)

•To view the active configuration, a user requires VIEW
SERVER STATE permission (serveradmin role) Enable:
ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE

Disable:
ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR DISABLE

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

• Resource pool – Subsets of system • •
resources that can be may available to applications Workload group – A mechanism for grouping in coming database requests Classifier function – Functions in T-SQL used to map or “classify” in coming request into workload groups

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

• Plan, plan, plan
“An ounce of prevention…” • Using Resource Governor to manage resource utilization

71

Resource Governor
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to…

• Manage CPU and RAM usage for SQL
Server application requests • Use Resource Governor to: – Create resource pools – Create workload groups – Utilize classification functions

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 13 Performing Data Management Tasks

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

•Importing and Exporting Data •Maintaining Indexes

72

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Importing and Exporting

•SQL Server •Flat files •Microsoft Office Access •Microsoft Office Excel

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Permissions for Importing and Exporting

• Connect to the source and destination • Read from the source database and write to the destination • Permissions sufficient to create a new
database and table or file. – CREATE DATABASE or CREATE TABLE permissions • To write to the msdb database or to the file system.

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Maintaining Indexes

•Index types •Partitioned indexes •Disabling and enabling indexes •Rebuilding indexes •Full-text indexing

73

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Index type Clustered Nonclustered Full-text Spatial XML

Description Sorts and stores the data rows. Uses a key value and a row locator pointer. Supports word searches in character string data. Supports searching against the geometry data type. Supports searching against the xml data type.

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Clustered vs Nonclustered

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Clustered vs Nonclustered

• Clustered
– Sort and store the data rows in the table or view – There can be only one clustered index per table – The only time the data rows in a table are stored in sorted order is when the table contains a clustered index – The table is called a clustered table

• Nonclustered
– Have a structure separate from the data rows – Contain the key values and pointers to the data row that contains the key value

74

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Full-text indexing

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Full-text indexing

•Always on in SQL Server 2008
databases •Auto on / off at the table level

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

•Index types •Clustered vs nonclustered index •Full-text index •SQL Server export and import

75

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

• Clustered index – Ordered data • Nonclustered index – Keys and
pointers • Full-text index – Index of text strings • Catalogues – “Dictionary” of terms • Partition – Segregating data for storage as smaller subsets

Performing Data Management Tasks
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to…

• Export / import data from SQL server • Import data from other data formats • Create and manage indexes:
–Clustered –Nonclustered –Unique –Full-text

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 14 Data Compression

76

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

•ROW compression •PAGE compression •Compressing Backups

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

ROW compression

Stores fixed length data in variable length storage format
C A P A T S A B E L I A R L R A H A M T E R M N T I A G O

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

ROW compression

Stores fixed length data in variable length storage format
C A P A T S A B E L I A R L R A H A M T E R M N T I A G O

77

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Page compression

Minimizing the data redundancy
FirstName John John John John John John John ….

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What can you compress?

•Table •Index •Partition

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Data partitions • Use a partition function to segregate table data along arbitrary boundaries

• Convert a nonpartitioned table to a partitioned
table. table.

• Convert a partitioned table to a nonpartitioned • Transfer data by adding, moving, or removing
partitions

78

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Table compression via T-SQL

Row compression CREATE TABLE T1(c1 int,c2 nvarchar(50)) WITH (DATA_COMPRESSION = ROW); Page compression CREATE TABLE T2(c1 int,c2 nvarchar(50)) WITH (DATA_COMPRESSION = PAGE);

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Compressing Backups

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Compressing backups

What will it cost me?

79

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Compressing Backups

• Windows I/O performance counters • Device Throughput Bytes/sec counter
– SQLServer:Backup Device object

• Backup/Restore Throughput/sec counter
– SQLServer:Databases object

• Use Resource Governor

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Compression Ratio
Table: msdb.backupset table Columns: backup_size, compressed_backup_size SELECT backup_size/compressed_backup_size FROM msdb..backupset;

• Factors:
– – – – Data type The consistency of the data among rows on a page Encrypted data compresses significantly less Is the database compressed

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

•Compressing SQL Server
objects •Compression types •Backup compression

80

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

•Page compression
Looks for data redundancy

•Row compression
Looks for unused space Fixed Variable length

Data Compression
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to…

•Compress SQL Server backups •Compress SQL Server objects
–Tables –Indexes –Partitions

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 15 SQL Server 2008 Common Commands

81

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

•DBCC •sp_configure

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Console Commands (DBCC) Maintenance Maintenance tasks on a database, index, or filegroup. Miscellaneous Miscellaneous tasks such as enabling trace flags or removing a DLL from memory. Informational Tasks that gather and display various types of information. Validation Validation operations on a database, table, index, catalog, filegroup, or allocation of database pages.

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

DBCC CHECKTABLE ([dbo.Flowers]) DBCC CHECKDB

82

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Setting Server Configuration Options: sp_configure

Management Studio vs sp_configure
SELECT * FROM sys.configurations ORDER BY name ; GO

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

sp_configure

USE master; GO sp_configure 'show advanced option', 1;

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

sp_configure
sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; GO RECONFIGURE; GO sp_configure 'fill factor', 100; GO RECONFIGURE; GO

83

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

sp_configure

• Run either

RECONFIGURE or RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE after setting a configuration option works for all configuration options but should

• RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE

• RECONFIGURE executes within a transaction

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

• DBCC
Database Console Commands • sp_configure

SQL Server 2008 Common Commands
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to…

•Use DBCC to perform
administrative task

•Use sp_configure to perform
SQL Server configuration

84

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 16 SQL Server 2008 Database Mail

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Overview

•Database Mail •SMTP

The players…

•Stored procedures •Mail objects •Queues •MSDB •Databasemail90.exe •SMTP mail server

85

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Server

•A service provided by IIS •Delivers outgoing e-mail

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

•Database Mail Profiles •Database Mail Accounts

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Mail Profiles

• A collection of Database Mail accounts • Allow reconfigure stored procedures and database applications that use e-mail • Can be configured with one set of e-mail
accounts during application development and testing, and then be updated with a different set of accounts when the application moves to production

86

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Mail Profiles

Development

Production

Development Accounts

Production Accounts

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Public vs Private profiles

• Public profiles
–Available to DatabaseMailUserRole fixed msdb database role • Private profiles –Available to sysadmin fixed server role –Must be granted to any others

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Mail Accounts

•Contains the information used
to send e-mail •One e-mail server per account

87

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Mail SMTP authentication

Windows Authentication: Basic Authentication: Anonymous Authentication:

• Uses the credentials of the SQL Server Database Engine Windows service account.

• Uses the username and password specified.

• The SMTP server does not require any authentication.

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

What we covered…

• Configuring an SMTP server • Configuring a Database Mail
account • Configuring a Database Mail profile • Database Mail authentication

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Terms

•Database Mail profiles – Containers for accounts •Database Mail accounts – Connection and communication •SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol •IIS
– Internet Information Server

88

SQL Server 2008 Database Mail
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You should know how to…

•Create SMTP server •Create Database Mail profiles •Create Database Mail accounts

Welcome to Train Signal
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

You’re Watching

Video 17 SQL Server 2008 Certification 101

Certification 101
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

The Certification Hierarchy

Microsoft Certified Master (MCM) Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS)

89

Certification 101
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Administrator

Database Developer

Business Intelligence Developer

Microsoft Certified Master (MCM) Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS)

Certification 101
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS)
Database Administrator • Exam 70-432 Implementation and Maintenance Database Developer • Exam 70-433 Database Development Business Intelligence Developer • Exam 70-448 Business Intelligence Development and Maintenance

Microsoft Certified Master (MCM) Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS)

Certification 101
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP)
Database Administrator • Exam 70-432 • Exam 70-450 Designing, Optimizing and Maintaining a Database Server Infrastructure Database Developer • Exam 70-433 • Exam 70-451 Designing Database Solutions and Data Access
Microsoft Certified Master (MCM) Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS)

Business Intelligence Developer • Exam 70-448 • Exam 70-452 Designing a Business Intelligence Infrastructure

90

Certification 101
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) -- SQL 2005 Upgrade
Database Administrator • Exam 70-453 Transition Your MCITP SQL Server 2005 DBA to MCITP SQL Server 2008 DBA Database Developer • Exam 70-454 Transition Your MCITP SQL Server 2005 Database Developer to MCITP SQL Server 2008 Database Developer
Microsoft Certified Master (MCM) MCITP Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS)

Business Intelligence Developer • Exam 70-455 Transition Your MCITP SQL Server 2005 Business Intelligence Developer to MCITP SQL Server 2008 Business Intelligence Developer

Certification 101
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Microsoft Certified Master (MCM)

Database Administrator +

Database Developer

MCITP and Microsoft Certified Master certification training program and successfully complete three weekly exams and a qualifying lab exam.
Microsoft Certified Master (MCM) Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS)

Certification 101
Train Signal, Inc. Mel Haynes

Database Administrator • MCTS • MCITP • MCM

Database Developer • MCTS • MCITP • MCM

Business Intelligence Developer • MCTS • MCITP

91

Sponsor Documents

Or use your account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Forgot your password?

Or register your new account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link to create a new password.

Back to log-in

Close