Storage Tank
Content
Storage tank
1 Special features
This article is about a storage tank. For other uses, see
Tank (disambiguation).
Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, com-
Spherical gas tank farm in the petroleum refinery in Karlsruhe
MiRO
Cylindrical fuel storage tank with fixed roof and internal floating
roof. Capacity approx 2,000,000 litres
pressed gases (gas tank) or mediums used for the shortor long-term storage of heat or cold.[1] The term can be
used for reservoirs (artificial lakes and ponds), and for
manufactured containers. The usage of the word tank for
reservoirs is uncommon in American English but is moderately common in British English. In other countries, the
term tends to refer only to artificial containers.
Since most liquids can spill, evaporate, or seep through
even the smallest opening, special consideration must
made for their safe and secure handling. This usually involves building a bunding, or containment dike, around
the tank, so that any leakage may be safely contained.
Some storage tanks need a floating roof in addition to or
in lieu of the fixed roof and structure. This floating roof
rises and falls with the liquid level inside the tank, thereby
decreasing the vapor space above the liquid level. Floating roofs are considered a safety requirement as well as a
pollution prevention measure for many industries including petroleum refining.
In the USA, storage tanks operate under no (or very little) pressure, distinguishing them from pressure vessels.
Storage tanks are often cylindrical in shape, perpendicular to the ground with flat bottoms, and a fixed or floating
roof. There are usually many environmental regulations
applied to the design and operation of storage tanks, often depending on the nature of the fluid contained within.
Above ground storage tanks (AST) differ from underground (UST) storage tanks in the kinds of regulations
that are applied.
In the United States, metal tanks in contact with soil
and containing petroleum products must be protected
from corrosion to prevent escape of the product into the
environment.[2] The most effective and common corroReservoirs can be covered, in which case they may be sion control techniques for steel in contact with soil is
called covered or underground storage tanks or reservoirs. cathodic protection.
Covered water tanks are common in urban areas.
Storage tanks are available in many shapes: vertical and
horizontal cylindrical; open top and closed top; flat bottom, cone bottom, slope bottom and dish bottom. Large
tanks tend to be vertical cylindrical, or to have rounded
corners transition from vertical side wall to bottom profile, to easier withstand hydraulic hydrostatically induced
pressure of contained liquid. Most container tanks for
handling liquids during transportation are designed to
handle varying degrees of pressure.
2 For refineries
Tanks for a particular fluid are chosen according to the
flash-point of that substance. Generally in refineries and
especially for liquid fuels, there are fixed roof tanks, and
floating roof tanks.
1. Fixed roof tanks are meant for liquids with very
high flash points, (e.g. fuel oil, water, bitumen
etc.) Cone roofs, dome roofs and umbrella roofs are
usual. These are insulated to prevent the clogging
A large storage tank is sometimes mounted on a lorry
(truck) or on an articulated lorry trailer, which is then
called a tanker.
1
2
3 OTHER TYPES OF TANK
of certain materials, wherein the heat is provided by
steam coils within the tanks. Dome roof tanks are
meant for tanks having slightly higher storage pressure than that of atmosphere (e.g. slop oil).
2. Floating roof tanks are broadly divided into external
floating roof tanks (usually called as floating
roof tanks:FR Tanks) and internal floating roof
types(IFR Tanks).
IFR tanks are used for liquids with low flash-points(e.g.
ATF, MS. gasoline, ethanol). These tanks are nothing but
cone roof tanks with a floating roof inside which travels
up and down along with the liquid level. This floating roof
traps the vapor from low flash-point fuels. Floating roofs
are supported with legs or cables on which they rest. FR
tanks do not have a fixed roof (it is open in the top) and
has a floating roof only. Medium flash point liquids such
as naphtha, kerosene, diesel, crude oil etc. are stored in
these tanks.
Horizontal, cylindrical shell, elliptical heads carbon steel pressure
vessel
3.2 High pressure
Main article: Gas cylinder
In the case of a liquefied gas such as hydrogen or chlorine,
or a compressed gas such as compressed natural gas or
One of the common types found in mining areas is, open MAPP, the storage tank must be made to withstand the
roof type tank, usually to store ore slurries. obviously sometimes immense pressures exerted by the contents.
these are the easiest storage tanks to be constructed.
These tanks may be called cylinders and, being pressure
vessels,
are sometimes excluded from the class of “tanks”.
Other classification which can be made for storage tanks
are based upon their location in a refinery:
• COT- crude oil tankages
3.3 Thermal storage tanks
One form of seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) is
the use of large surface water tanks that are insulated and
then covered with earth berms to enable the year-round of
DISPATCH- dispatch area tankages
solar-thermal heat that is collected primarily in the summer for all-year heating.[3] A related technology has beUTILITIES- tanks made in the power plant area, for
come widespread in Danish district heating systems. The
storage water etc.
thermal storage medium is gravel and water in large, shallow, lined pits that are covered with insulation, soil and
OSBL tanks- the first 3 types come under out side
grass.[4]
battery limit tankages
Ice and slush tanks are used for short-term of cold for use
ISBL tanks- these are usually mini tanks which are in air conditioning, allowing refrigeration equipment to
found in the production units of a refinery (as neu- be run at night when electric power is less expensive, yet
provide cooling during hot daytime hours.
tralisation tanks, water tanks etc.)
• PIT- product and intermediate storage tankages
•
•
•
•
As flash-points of fuels go very low the tanks are usually
spherical (known as spheres), tom store LPG, hydrogen, 3.4 Milk tank
hexane, nitrogen, oxygen etc.
Main article: Bulk tank
In dairy farming a bulk milk cooling tank is a large storage
tank for cooling and holding milk at a cold temperature
until it can be picked up by a milk hauler. The bulk milk
3.1 Atmospheric
cooling tank is an important milk farm equipment. It is
usually made of stainless steel and used every day to store
An atmospheric tank is a container for holding a liquid at the raw milk on the farm in good condition. It must be
atmospheric pressure. The major design code for welded cleaned after each milk collection. The milk cooling tank
atmospheric tanks are API 650 and API 620. API 653 is can be the property of the farmer or being rented to the
used for analysis of in-service storage tanks.
farmer by the dairy plant.
3
Other types of tank
3
3.5
Septic tank
Main article: Septic tank
A septic tank is part of a small scale sewage treatment
system often referred to as a septic system,. It consists of
the tank and a septic drain field. Waste water enters the
tank where solids can settle and scum floats. Anaerobic
digestion occurs on the settled solids, reducing the volume
of solids. The water released by the system is normally
absorbed by the drain field without needing any further
treatment.
3.6
There have been many other accidents caused by tanks
since then, often caused by faulty welding or by substandard steel. New inventions have at least fixed some
of the more common issues around the tanks’ seal.[6][7]
However, storage tanks also present another problem,
surprisingly, when empty. If they have been used to hold
oil or oil products such as gasoline, the atmosphere in
the tanks may be highly explosive as the space fills with
hydrocarbons. If new welding operations are started, then
sparks can easily ignite the contents, with disastrous results for the welders. The problem is similar to that of
empty bunkers on tanker ships, which are now required to
use an inert gas blanket to prevent explosive atmospheres
building up from residues.
Mobile “storage” tanks
While not strictly a “storage” tank, mobile tanks share
many of the same features of storage tanks. Also, they
must be designed to deal with a heavy sloshing load and
the risk of collision or other accident. Some of these include ocean-going oil tankers and LNG carriers; railroad
tank cars; and the road and highway traveling tankers.
Also included are the holding tanks which are the tanks
that store toilet waste on RVs and boats.
6 Images
• Oxygen and MAPP gas cylinders
• Milk cooling tank
• Fuel tanks
• Septic tank
• Tanker truck
4
Materials of construction
• Several large tanks at an airport. For scale, note concrete highway barriers.
• Underground fuel storage tank for service station
While steel and concrete remain one of the most popular
choices for tanks, glass-reinforced plastic, thermoplastic
and polyethylene tanks are increasing in popularity. They
offer lower build costs and greater chemical resistance, 7 Etymology
especially for storage of speciality chemicals. There
are several relevant standards, such as British Standard
The word “tank” originally meant “artificial lake” and
4994 (1989), DVS (German Welding Institute) 2205,
came from India, perhaps via Portuguese tanque. It may
and ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
have some connection with:
[5]
RTP-1
which give advice on wall thickness, quality control procedures, testing procedures, accreditation,
• Some Indian language words similar to “tak” or
fabrication and design criteria of final product.
“tank” and meaning "reservoir for water”. In
Sanskrit a holding pond or reservoir is called a
tadaka. Gujarati talao means “man-made lake”.
5 Tank failures
These uses of the word were incorporated into the
English language.[8]
There have been numerous catastrophic failures of stor• The Arabic verb istanqa`a “ = ِاْسَتْنَقَعit [i.e. some
age tanks, one of the most notorious being that which
liquid] collected and became stagnant”.
occurred at Boston Massachusetts USA on January 14,
1919. The large tank had only been filled eight times
when it failed, and resulting wave of molasses killed 21
people in the vicinity. The Boston molasses disaster was 8 See also
caused by poor design and construction, with a wall too
• Aquarium, also known as a “fish tank”
thin to bear repeated loads from the contents. The tank
had not been tested before use by filling with water, and
• Ballast tank
was also poorly riveted. The owner of the tank, United
States Industrial Alcohol Company, paid out $300,000
• Chemical tank
(nearly $4 million in 2012 ) in compensation to the vic• Drop tank, in aviation
tims or their relatives.
4
10
• Dunk tank
• Fuel tank
• Irrigation tank, in India, an artificial lake or reservoir
of any size
• Isolation tank
• Rainwater tank
EXTERNAL LINKS
• Code of Federal Register - CFR Title 21 Part 129
This information is excerpted from the Code of Federal Register, a US Government document, it is published as part of the Federal Register, these are both
government rules and guidelines of water tank design and suggestions for installations. This data is
found incrementally in the CFR.
• Plastic tank failures
• Rotating tank, used for fluid mechanics experiments
• Storage tanks for food grade applications suggestions FDA Best Practice for Handling Tanks.
• Scuba tank a container which holds a supply of air
for breathing underwater
• Atmospheric Storage Tanks (API 650 and API 653)
Calculations
• Stock tank, for watering livestock
• Temple tank, in India, a well or reservoir built as
part of a temple complex
• Underground storage tank
• Water tank
9
References
[1] http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tank
[2] Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR § 280.31 Operation
and maintenance of corrosion protection.
[3] Pauschinger T. (2012). Solar District Heating with Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage in Germany. Presentation. European Sustainable Energy Week, Brussels. 18–
22 June 2012.
[4] Holm L. (2012). Long Term Experiences with Solar District Heating in Denmark. Presentation. European Sustainable Energy Week, Brussels. 18–22 June 2012.
[5] ASME RTP-1-2005 Part 1-110 (Scope of Standard)
[6] “Industrial Tank Cleaning Mixer”. Waterline Tank Technologies LLC. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
[7] “1910.110(e)(4)(i)". United States Department of Labor
- OSHA. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
[8] “Architecture on the Indian Subcontinent - glossary”. Retrieved 2006-12-18.
10
External links
• Popular Storage Tank Videos
• Storage tank dip charts and volumes
• Use of storage tanks and vessels in Oil & Gas industry
5
11
11.1
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
Text
• Storage tank Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_tank?oldid=668412144 Contributors: Mac, Ronz, Imc, Altenmann, Pengo,
Alan Liefting, Markus Kuhn, Bender235, CanisRufus, Anthony Appleyard, Hohum, Dennis Bratland, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ),
Mindmatrix, Kinu, Ewlyahoocom, Sbrools, Wavelength, Malcolma, Cholmes75, Ultrogothe, Finell, Cafe Nervosa, SmackBot, Gnangarra,
DanielPenfield, Jlao04, Vinmax, Nakon, Mion, Mbeychok, Peterlewis, Gregorydavid, Hu12, Iridescent, Clarityfiend, Phasmatisnox, Rambam rashi, Jesse Viviano, Rifleman 82, Doug Weller, Mattisse, Kborer, Dawnseeker2000, Denverjeffrey, AntiVandalBot, MER-C, Grievous
Angel, Swpb, Faizhaider, Jim.henderson, MyTankFarm, Nono64, Mausy5043, J.delanoy, Icseaturtles, Mufka, Inwind, Philip Trueman,
Akerbeltz, Kilmer-san, SieBot, BethelRunner, Anchor Link Bot, The Thing That Should Not Be, Jlyoakam, Romney yw, Dthomsen8,
Dwight Burdette, Addbot, OlEnglish, Digiobr, Ufim, Vanakaris, Alvin Seville, Brutaldeluxe, Gallswan, OgreBot, Explocontrol, Diannaa,
EmausBot, Gertdam, SporkBot, Callmegrace, Teapeat, ClueBot NG, Coastwise, Mmitank, Widr, HMSSolent, Doorknob747, BG19bot,
Northamerica1000, GMRE, Dark Silver Crow, JNtanker, Chinakerrian, Peter8956, Storagesolutions.rk, Karthickkumar123, Dangerdanger182, Ana2456 and Anonymous: 62
11.2
Images
• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
• File:Fuel_tank_gnangarra.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Fuel_tank_gnangarra.jpg License: CC
BY 2.5 au Contributors: Own work Original artist: Gnangarra
• File:MiRO4.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/MiRO4.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 de Contributors: Own
work, Karlsruhe:Raffinerie Original artist: Ikar.us (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Ikar.us' title='User talk:Ikar.
us'>talk</a>)
• File:Modified_Hanson_steelwatertank.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Modified_Hanson_
steelwatertank.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:
Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist:
Tkgd2007
11.3
Content license
• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
1 Special features
This article is about a storage tank. For other uses, see
Tank (disambiguation).
Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, com-
Spherical gas tank farm in the petroleum refinery in Karlsruhe
MiRO
Cylindrical fuel storage tank with fixed roof and internal floating
roof. Capacity approx 2,000,000 litres
pressed gases (gas tank) or mediums used for the shortor long-term storage of heat or cold.[1] The term can be
used for reservoirs (artificial lakes and ponds), and for
manufactured containers. The usage of the word tank for
reservoirs is uncommon in American English but is moderately common in British English. In other countries, the
term tends to refer only to artificial containers.
Since most liquids can spill, evaporate, or seep through
even the smallest opening, special consideration must
made for their safe and secure handling. This usually involves building a bunding, or containment dike, around
the tank, so that any leakage may be safely contained.
Some storage tanks need a floating roof in addition to or
in lieu of the fixed roof and structure. This floating roof
rises and falls with the liquid level inside the tank, thereby
decreasing the vapor space above the liquid level. Floating roofs are considered a safety requirement as well as a
pollution prevention measure for many industries including petroleum refining.
In the USA, storage tanks operate under no (or very little) pressure, distinguishing them from pressure vessels.
Storage tanks are often cylindrical in shape, perpendicular to the ground with flat bottoms, and a fixed or floating
roof. There are usually many environmental regulations
applied to the design and operation of storage tanks, often depending on the nature of the fluid contained within.
Above ground storage tanks (AST) differ from underground (UST) storage tanks in the kinds of regulations
that are applied.
In the United States, metal tanks in contact with soil
and containing petroleum products must be protected
from corrosion to prevent escape of the product into the
environment.[2] The most effective and common corroReservoirs can be covered, in which case they may be sion control techniques for steel in contact with soil is
called covered or underground storage tanks or reservoirs. cathodic protection.
Covered water tanks are common in urban areas.
Storage tanks are available in many shapes: vertical and
horizontal cylindrical; open top and closed top; flat bottom, cone bottom, slope bottom and dish bottom. Large
tanks tend to be vertical cylindrical, or to have rounded
corners transition from vertical side wall to bottom profile, to easier withstand hydraulic hydrostatically induced
pressure of contained liquid. Most container tanks for
handling liquids during transportation are designed to
handle varying degrees of pressure.
2 For refineries
Tanks for a particular fluid are chosen according to the
flash-point of that substance. Generally in refineries and
especially for liquid fuels, there are fixed roof tanks, and
floating roof tanks.
1. Fixed roof tanks are meant for liquids with very
high flash points, (e.g. fuel oil, water, bitumen
etc.) Cone roofs, dome roofs and umbrella roofs are
usual. These are insulated to prevent the clogging
A large storage tank is sometimes mounted on a lorry
(truck) or on an articulated lorry trailer, which is then
called a tanker.
1
2
3 OTHER TYPES OF TANK
of certain materials, wherein the heat is provided by
steam coils within the tanks. Dome roof tanks are
meant for tanks having slightly higher storage pressure than that of atmosphere (e.g. slop oil).
2. Floating roof tanks are broadly divided into external
floating roof tanks (usually called as floating
roof tanks:FR Tanks) and internal floating roof
types(IFR Tanks).
IFR tanks are used for liquids with low flash-points(e.g.
ATF, MS. gasoline, ethanol). These tanks are nothing but
cone roof tanks with a floating roof inside which travels
up and down along with the liquid level. This floating roof
traps the vapor from low flash-point fuels. Floating roofs
are supported with legs or cables on which they rest. FR
tanks do not have a fixed roof (it is open in the top) and
has a floating roof only. Medium flash point liquids such
as naphtha, kerosene, diesel, crude oil etc. are stored in
these tanks.
Horizontal, cylindrical shell, elliptical heads carbon steel pressure
vessel
3.2 High pressure
Main article: Gas cylinder
In the case of a liquefied gas such as hydrogen or chlorine,
or a compressed gas such as compressed natural gas or
One of the common types found in mining areas is, open MAPP, the storage tank must be made to withstand the
roof type tank, usually to store ore slurries. obviously sometimes immense pressures exerted by the contents.
these are the easiest storage tanks to be constructed.
These tanks may be called cylinders and, being pressure
vessels,
are sometimes excluded from the class of “tanks”.
Other classification which can be made for storage tanks
are based upon their location in a refinery:
• COT- crude oil tankages
3.3 Thermal storage tanks
One form of seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) is
the use of large surface water tanks that are insulated and
then covered with earth berms to enable the year-round of
DISPATCH- dispatch area tankages
solar-thermal heat that is collected primarily in the summer for all-year heating.[3] A related technology has beUTILITIES- tanks made in the power plant area, for
come widespread in Danish district heating systems. The
storage water etc.
thermal storage medium is gravel and water in large, shallow, lined pits that are covered with insulation, soil and
OSBL tanks- the first 3 types come under out side
grass.[4]
battery limit tankages
Ice and slush tanks are used for short-term of cold for use
ISBL tanks- these are usually mini tanks which are in air conditioning, allowing refrigeration equipment to
found in the production units of a refinery (as neu- be run at night when electric power is less expensive, yet
provide cooling during hot daytime hours.
tralisation tanks, water tanks etc.)
• PIT- product and intermediate storage tankages
•
•
•
•
As flash-points of fuels go very low the tanks are usually
spherical (known as spheres), tom store LPG, hydrogen, 3.4 Milk tank
hexane, nitrogen, oxygen etc.
Main article: Bulk tank
In dairy farming a bulk milk cooling tank is a large storage
tank for cooling and holding milk at a cold temperature
until it can be picked up by a milk hauler. The bulk milk
3.1 Atmospheric
cooling tank is an important milk farm equipment. It is
usually made of stainless steel and used every day to store
An atmospheric tank is a container for holding a liquid at the raw milk on the farm in good condition. It must be
atmospheric pressure. The major design code for welded cleaned after each milk collection. The milk cooling tank
atmospheric tanks are API 650 and API 620. API 653 is can be the property of the farmer or being rented to the
used for analysis of in-service storage tanks.
farmer by the dairy plant.
3
Other types of tank
3
3.5
Septic tank
Main article: Septic tank
A septic tank is part of a small scale sewage treatment
system often referred to as a septic system,. It consists of
the tank and a septic drain field. Waste water enters the
tank where solids can settle and scum floats. Anaerobic
digestion occurs on the settled solids, reducing the volume
of solids. The water released by the system is normally
absorbed by the drain field without needing any further
treatment.
3.6
There have been many other accidents caused by tanks
since then, often caused by faulty welding or by substandard steel. New inventions have at least fixed some
of the more common issues around the tanks’ seal.[6][7]
However, storage tanks also present another problem,
surprisingly, when empty. If they have been used to hold
oil or oil products such as gasoline, the atmosphere in
the tanks may be highly explosive as the space fills with
hydrocarbons. If new welding operations are started, then
sparks can easily ignite the contents, with disastrous results for the welders. The problem is similar to that of
empty bunkers on tanker ships, which are now required to
use an inert gas blanket to prevent explosive atmospheres
building up from residues.
Mobile “storage” tanks
While not strictly a “storage” tank, mobile tanks share
many of the same features of storage tanks. Also, they
must be designed to deal with a heavy sloshing load and
the risk of collision or other accident. Some of these include ocean-going oil tankers and LNG carriers; railroad
tank cars; and the road and highway traveling tankers.
Also included are the holding tanks which are the tanks
that store toilet waste on RVs and boats.
6 Images
• Oxygen and MAPP gas cylinders
• Milk cooling tank
• Fuel tanks
• Septic tank
• Tanker truck
4
Materials of construction
• Several large tanks at an airport. For scale, note concrete highway barriers.
• Underground fuel storage tank for service station
While steel and concrete remain one of the most popular
choices for tanks, glass-reinforced plastic, thermoplastic
and polyethylene tanks are increasing in popularity. They
offer lower build costs and greater chemical resistance, 7 Etymology
especially for storage of speciality chemicals. There
are several relevant standards, such as British Standard
The word “tank” originally meant “artificial lake” and
4994 (1989), DVS (German Welding Institute) 2205,
came from India, perhaps via Portuguese tanque. It may
and ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
have some connection with:
[5]
RTP-1
which give advice on wall thickness, quality control procedures, testing procedures, accreditation,
• Some Indian language words similar to “tak” or
fabrication and design criteria of final product.
“tank” and meaning "reservoir for water”. In
Sanskrit a holding pond or reservoir is called a
tadaka. Gujarati talao means “man-made lake”.
5 Tank failures
These uses of the word were incorporated into the
English language.[8]
There have been numerous catastrophic failures of stor• The Arabic verb istanqa`a “ = ِاْسَتْنَقَعit [i.e. some
age tanks, one of the most notorious being that which
liquid] collected and became stagnant”.
occurred at Boston Massachusetts USA on January 14,
1919. The large tank had only been filled eight times
when it failed, and resulting wave of molasses killed 21
people in the vicinity. The Boston molasses disaster was 8 See also
caused by poor design and construction, with a wall too
• Aquarium, also known as a “fish tank”
thin to bear repeated loads from the contents. The tank
had not been tested before use by filling with water, and
• Ballast tank
was also poorly riveted. The owner of the tank, United
States Industrial Alcohol Company, paid out $300,000
• Chemical tank
(nearly $4 million in 2012 ) in compensation to the vic• Drop tank, in aviation
tims or their relatives.
4
10
• Dunk tank
• Fuel tank
• Irrigation tank, in India, an artificial lake or reservoir
of any size
• Isolation tank
• Rainwater tank
EXTERNAL LINKS
• Code of Federal Register - CFR Title 21 Part 129
This information is excerpted from the Code of Federal Register, a US Government document, it is published as part of the Federal Register, these are both
government rules and guidelines of water tank design and suggestions for installations. This data is
found incrementally in the CFR.
• Plastic tank failures
• Rotating tank, used for fluid mechanics experiments
• Storage tanks for food grade applications suggestions FDA Best Practice for Handling Tanks.
• Scuba tank a container which holds a supply of air
for breathing underwater
• Atmospheric Storage Tanks (API 650 and API 653)
Calculations
• Stock tank, for watering livestock
• Temple tank, in India, a well or reservoir built as
part of a temple complex
• Underground storage tank
• Water tank
9
References
[1] http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tank
[2] Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR § 280.31 Operation
and maintenance of corrosion protection.
[3] Pauschinger T. (2012). Solar District Heating with Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage in Germany. Presentation. European Sustainable Energy Week, Brussels. 18–
22 June 2012.
[4] Holm L. (2012). Long Term Experiences with Solar District Heating in Denmark. Presentation. European Sustainable Energy Week, Brussels. 18–22 June 2012.
[5] ASME RTP-1-2005 Part 1-110 (Scope of Standard)
[6] “Industrial Tank Cleaning Mixer”. Waterline Tank Technologies LLC. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
[7] “1910.110(e)(4)(i)". United States Department of Labor
- OSHA. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
[8] “Architecture on the Indian Subcontinent - glossary”. Retrieved 2006-12-18.
10
External links
• Popular Storage Tank Videos
• Storage tank dip charts and volumes
• Use of storage tanks and vessels in Oil & Gas industry
5
11
11.1
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
Text
• Storage tank Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_tank?oldid=668412144 Contributors: Mac, Ronz, Imc, Altenmann, Pengo,
Alan Liefting, Markus Kuhn, Bender235, CanisRufus, Anthony Appleyard, Hohum, Dennis Bratland, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ),
Mindmatrix, Kinu, Ewlyahoocom, Sbrools, Wavelength, Malcolma, Cholmes75, Ultrogothe, Finell, Cafe Nervosa, SmackBot, Gnangarra,
DanielPenfield, Jlao04, Vinmax, Nakon, Mion, Mbeychok, Peterlewis, Gregorydavid, Hu12, Iridescent, Clarityfiend, Phasmatisnox, Rambam rashi, Jesse Viviano, Rifleman 82, Doug Weller, Mattisse, Kborer, Dawnseeker2000, Denverjeffrey, AntiVandalBot, MER-C, Grievous
Angel, Swpb, Faizhaider, Jim.henderson, MyTankFarm, Nono64, Mausy5043, J.delanoy, Icseaturtles, Mufka, Inwind, Philip Trueman,
Akerbeltz, Kilmer-san, SieBot, BethelRunner, Anchor Link Bot, The Thing That Should Not Be, Jlyoakam, Romney yw, Dthomsen8,
Dwight Burdette, Addbot, OlEnglish, Digiobr, Ufim, Vanakaris, Alvin Seville, Brutaldeluxe, Gallswan, OgreBot, Explocontrol, Diannaa,
EmausBot, Gertdam, SporkBot, Callmegrace, Teapeat, ClueBot NG, Coastwise, Mmitank, Widr, HMSSolent, Doorknob747, BG19bot,
Northamerica1000, GMRE, Dark Silver Crow, JNtanker, Chinakerrian, Peter8956, Storagesolutions.rk, Karthickkumar123, Dangerdanger182, Ana2456 and Anonymous: 62
11.2
Images
• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
• File:Fuel_tank_gnangarra.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Fuel_tank_gnangarra.jpg License: CC
BY 2.5 au Contributors: Own work Original artist: Gnangarra
• File:MiRO4.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/MiRO4.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 de Contributors: Own
work, Karlsruhe:Raffinerie Original artist: Ikar.us (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Ikar.us' title='User talk:Ikar.
us'>talk</a>)
• File:Modified_Hanson_steelwatertank.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Modified_Hanson_
steelwatertank.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:
Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist:
Tkgd2007
11.3
Content license
• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
