Survival Japanese
Content
1. Asking for direction Does this bus go to the AJA Hotel?
(Pointing an airport limousine bus) Meepuru: Sumimasen, AJA Hoteru-iki desu ka Otoko no hito: Hai, soo desu. Meepuru: Doomo. Maple: (Is this bus) going to the AJA Hotel? Man: Yes, it is. Maple: Thanks.
2. Asking for location-1 Where is Tokyo Station?
(Pointing a place on a map in the bus) Meepuru: Sumimasen, Tookyoo-eki wa doko desu ka. Otoko no hito: Koko desu. Meepuru: Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu. Maple: Excuse me, where is Tokyo Station? Man: Here. Maple: Thank you very much.
3. Asking for location-2 Is this the stop for the AJA Hotel?
(Bus is arriving at AJA Hotel) Meepuru: Sumimasen, koko wa AJA Hoteru desu ka. Otoko no hito: Hai, soo desu. Meepuru: Sumimasen. Orimasu. Maple: Excuse me, is this the stop for the AJA Hotel? Man: Yes, it is. Maple: Excuse me. I'm getting off here.
4. Checking in My name is Maple.
(At the reception) Meepuru: Meepuru desu. Otoko no hito: Meepuru-sama desu ne. Koko ni o-namae o o-negaishimasu. Meepuru: Hai. Maple: Hi, my name is Maple. Man: Mr. Maple, please write your name here. Maple: Sure.
4. Checking in My name is Maple.
(At the reception) Meepuru: Meepuru desu. Otoko no hito: Meepuru-sama desu ne. Koko ni o-namae o o-negaishimasu. Meepuru: Hai. Maple: Hi, my name is Maple. Man: Mr. Maple, please write your name here. Maple: Sure.
5. Asking for information Do you have a gym?
(At reception) Meepuru: Jimu wa arimasu ka. Hoteru no hito: Ee, arimasu. 6-kai desu. Meepuru: Nan-ji made desu ka. Hoteru no hito: Gogo 10-ji made desu. Maple: Do you have a gym? Hotel staff: Yes, we do. It's on the sixth floor. Maple: What time does it close? Hotel staff: It closes at 10 p.m.
6. Taking a taxi Please take me to this place.
(In the taxi) Meepuru: Koko onegaishimasu. Takushi no untenshu: Hai. ( ...... ) Meepuru: Soko de tomete kudasai. Maple: Please take me here. Taxi driver: Yes, sir. ( ...... ) Maple: Stop there, please.
7. Buying a subway ticket How much is the fare to Roppongi?
(At the subway station) Meepuru: Roppongi made ikura desu ka. Eki no hito: Hyaku roku juu-en desu. Meepuru: 160-en desu ne. Arigatoo gozaimasu. Maple: How much is the fare to Roppongi?
Station employee: It's 160 yen. Maple: It's 160-yen. Thanks.
8. Taking the subway Does this go to Roppongi?
(On the platform) Meepuru: Sumimasen, kore wa Roppongi ni ikimasu ka. Otoko no hito: Iie. Roppongi-iki wa achira desu. Meepuru: Doomo. Maple: Excuse me. Does this go to Roppongi? Man: No, it doesn't. The train going to Roppongi is over there. Maple: Thank you very much.
9. Shopping-1 How much is this?
(At the shop) Meepuru: Kore wa ikura desu ka. Mise no hito: Ni-sen-sam-byaku-en desu. Meepuru: Sumimasen. Kaite kudasai. Mise no hito: Hai. Meepuru: Doomo arigatoo. Maple: How much is this? Shopkeeper: It is 2300 yen. Maple: I'm sorry. Can you write it down? Shopkeeper: Sure. Maple: Thank you.
10. Shopping-2 What is this?
(Speaking about items in a store.) Meepuru: Kore wa nan desu ka. Mise no hito: O-kashi desu. Meepuru: Oishii desu ka. Mise no hito: Ee. Hitotsu doozo. Meepuru: Arigatoo. Itadakimasu. Maple: What is this? Sales clerk: These are sweets. Maple: Are they good? Sales clerk: Yes. Please try one. Maple: Thank you.
11. Shopping-3 What is that?
(Speaking about items in a store.) Meepuru: Are wa nan desu ka. Mise no hito: Dore desu ka. Meepuru: Are desu. Mise no hito: Kore desu ka. Meepuru: Ee, sore desu. Mise no hito: Kore WA haizara desu. Meepuru: Haizara desu ka. Maple: What is that? Sales clerk: Which one? Maple: That one. Sales clerk: This one? Maple: Yes, that's it. Sales clerk: This is an ashtray. Maple: Oh, it's an ashtray.
2. Ordering-1 Two cappuccino to go, please
(At a coffee shop) Meepuru: Kapuchiino futatsu onegaishimasu. Mochikaerimasu. Mise no hito: O-satoo to miruku wa? Meepuru: Ee, onegaishimasu. Maple: Two cappuccino to go. Shop staff: (Do you need) sugar and milk? Maple: Yes, please.
Directions and positions[edit]
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ひひひひひ – east (higashi) ひひひひ – west (nishi) ひひひひひ – south (minami) ひひひひ – north (kita) ひひひひひ – here (koko) ひひひひひ – there (soko) ひひひひひひひ – over there (asoko) みぎひひ – right (migi) ひだりひひ – left (hidari) ひひひひ – above (ue) ひひひひ – below (shita) ひひひひ – in front [of] (mae) うしろひひ – behind (ushiro) ひひひひひひひ – the other side, opposite side (mukō)
• • •
ななめひ斜 め – diagonal (naname) ひひひひひひ – nearer, more in front (temae) ひひひひ – far (oku)
Forms[edit]
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ひひひひひひひひ – good (ii, yoi) ひひひひひひ – bad, inferior (warui) たかいひひひ – expensive, high (takai) ひひひひひひ – low (hikui) ひひひひひひ – cheap (yasui) ひひひひひひひひ – big (ōkii) ひひひひひひひひ – small (chiisai) ひひひひひひ – thin (hosoi) ひひひひひひ – thick (futoi) ひひひひひひ – old (furui) あたらしいひひひひ – new (atarashii) わかいひひひ – young (wakai) ひひひひひひ – light, easy (karui) おもいひひひ – heavy (omoi) ひひひひひひひひ – easy, simple (yasashii) むずかしいひひひひ – difficult (muzukashii) やわらかいひ柔らかい – soft (yawarakai) ひひひひひひひひひ – hard (katai) あついひひひひひひ – hot (atsui) ひひひひひひひひ – cold (tsumetai) ひひひひひひ – cold (samui) ひひひひひひひひひ – delicious (oishii) ひひひひひひひひひひ – delicious, appetizing (umai) まずいひひひひ – tastes awful (mazui) ひひひひひひ – sweet (amai) ひひひひひひ – hot [spicy] (karai) しょっぱいひ塩っぱい – salty (shoppai) ひひひひひひ – bitter (nigai)
Movement[edit]
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ひひひひひ – to go (iku) ひひひひひ – to come (kuru) ひひひひひひひひひ – to return (kaeru) ひひひひひひ – to walk (aruku) とぶひ飛 ぶ – to jump, to fly (tobu)
•
およぐひ泳 ぐ – to swim (oyogu)
Actions[edit]
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うごくひひひ – to movein (ugoku) おどるひひひ – to dance (odoru) ひひひひひ – to sleep (neru) ひひひひひひ – to sing (utau) ひひ – to bite (kamu) たべるひ食べる – to eat (taberu) ひひひひひ – to drink (nomu) ひひひひひひ – to touch (sawaru) なげるひ投げる – to throw (nageru) ももひ持 つ – to hold (motsu) うつひ打 つ – to hit, to strike (utsu) なぐるひひひ – to hit, to strike (naguru) ひひひひひ – to point (sasu) ひひひひひ – to stab (sasu) ひひひひひ – to raise or extend one's hands (sasu) ひひひひひ – to kick (keru) ひひひひひひ – to sit (suwaru) たつひ立 つ – to stand (tatsu) ひひひひひひ – to run (hashiru)
in
intransitive sense
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ひひひひひ – to see (miru) ひひひひひひひひ – to hear, to listen (kiku)
Adverbs
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ひひ – already (mō) まだ – still, yet (mada) ひひひ – always (zutto) とても – very (totemo) ひひ – like this (kō) ひひ – like that (sō) ひひ – Oh!, Ah! (ā) ひひ – how (dō) けど - but (kedo) しかし – but, however (shikashi) ひひひ – and then, Then… (soshite)
• •
それに – besides (soreni) なぜなら – that is because, being because (nazenara)
Terminations of verbs[edit]
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ひひひひ – volitional ending [ひ for u-verbs, ひひ for ru-verbs]: "Let's…" or "I will" (u, yō) ひひひひひひ – causative ending [ひひ for u-verbs, ひひひ for ru-verbs]: to make [someone do something], to allow (seru, saseru) ひひひひひひ – passive verb ending [ひひ for u-verbs, ひひひ for ru-verbs]: to be <verbed> [e.g., ひ ひひひひ, "to be eaten"] (reru, rareru) そうだ – indicates that it seems the verb occurs [e.g., "It seems he ate"] ( sōda) ひ – informal past-tense (ta) ひひ – indicates desire to perform verb (tai) ひひひ – indicates that it seems the verb occurs; also used to ask whether the verb occurs (darō) ひひ, ひ – informal negative (nai, n) [ひ is a slurred version and sounds a little masculine] ひ – archaic informal negative ["he hath", "he didst", etc.] (nu) ひひ – formal non-past ending (masu)
Particles[edit]
Case[edit]
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ひ – subject marker, but (ga) もも – from (kara) ひ – at, by (de) ひ – and, with (to) ひ – indirect object marker (ni) ひ – possession marker, of (no) ひ – to (e) [Note: ひ is normally read he, but when used as this particle its reading changes to e] ひひ – to (made) より – than (yori) ひ – direct object marker (o)
Binding[edit]
• • •
ひ – topic marker (wa) [Note: "ひ" is usually pronounced as "ha", but pronounced "wa"
when used as a particle] も – as well (mo) ひ – and (ya)
Conjunctive[edit]
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およびひ及 び – and (oyobi) も – whether (ka) もも – might be, possible that (kamo) ひひひ – and then (soshite) それとも – or (soretomo) ひひ – things like <list of things>, including, such things as ( dano) もも – ongoing occurrence (tsutsu) [similar to ひひひ but has different tone, and both actions have equal weight] ひ – te form of verb or adjective [see explanation] ひ – when, if, that (to) ながら – while, though, both (nagara) ならびに – as well as (narabini) なり – whether or not (nari) ひ – to <somewhere>, by <someone> (ni) ひ – possession (no) ひひ – so (node) ひひひひ – also, again (mata) ひひひひひひ – or alternatively (matawa) も – also, too (mo) ひ – and (ya)
Final[edit]
• • • • • •
ひ – emphasis and question marker, equivalent to "right?" (ne) も – question marker (ka) ひ – the copula particle used after quasi-adjectives (na) かしら – I wonder (kashira) ひ – -ness (sa) ひひ – particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information ["What class is next -kke?"] (-kke)
Adverbial[edit]
• • • • • • • • •
ひひ – emphasis (koso) ひひ – even (sae) しか – only (shika) すら – even (sura) くらいひひひひ – approximately, about (kurai) ひひ – only, as much as (dake) ひひひ – however (datte) ったら – casual topic marker (ttara) [colloquial form of to ittara (if you refer to ~; as for ~] ひひ – said that (tte)
• • • • • • • • • •
でも – also, or (demo) どころ – (particle used to indicate that what precedes it is an extreme example and strongly negates it) (dokoro) など – for example (nado) なら – if [for verbs]; subject marker [for nouns] (nara) なんか – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nanka) ひひひ – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nante) ひ – topic marker (wa) [although ha is the hiragana used, wa is the pronunciation) ば か り ひばっかり – just, full of, only (bakari) ひひ – until (made) も – too, also (mo)
Hiragana or Romaji Kanji Katakana 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 13. 14. 15. 16. 52. 53. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. ひひ 天気予報 ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひ ひ ひひ ひ ひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひ ひ ひ ひ ひひひ てんきよほう ひひ ひひひひ ひひひひ ひひひ ひひ ひひ ひひひひ かみなり ひひ ひひひひ ひひひ つ な み ひひひ ひひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ
Meaning tenki tenki yohou hare kaisei taiyou kumori kumo yuki ooyuki kaminari ame kirisame kosame tsunami jishin kisetsu shiki haru natsu aki fuyu Weather Weather Forecast Clear Weather/Fair Weather Fine Weather/Clear and Sunny Sun Cloudy Weather Cloud Snow Heavy Snow Thunder Rain Misty Rain/Light Drizzle Light Rain/Drizzle Tsunami/Tidal Wave Earthquake Season Four Seasons Spring Summer Autumn/Fall Winter
Nice to Meet You! Hajimemashite! I am (your name). Watashi wa, (your name) desu.
or -- My name is (your name). Watashi no namae wa (your name) desu. I am grateful for your kindness. Yoroshiku onegaishimasu! You probably noticed two emboldened sylables, wa and no in the above sentences, and you probably figured out that wa is a subject marker for watashi (I) and no is a marker for assigning possession to watshi (changing it from I to my). Speaking about someone: This is (name). Kore wa (name). Then the person you are introducing can say hajimemashite and yoroshiku onegaishimasu. What is this? Kore wa nan desuka? This is a book. Kore wa hon desu. This is my dog. Kore wa watashi no inu desu. What is suika? Suika wa nan desuka? Hints: marui (round), midori (green), kiiro (yellow) aka (red), omoi (heavy), oishi (delicious), nioi ga ii (good smell), tane (seeds), amai (sweet) Suika is watermelon! Suika wa watermelon desu! You are smart! Jouzu Please hold (it). Motte kudasai. Please hold the knife. Houcho wo motte kudasai. It's dangerous! Abunai desu. Be careful. Ki wo tukete Cut it. Kiru; Open it. Akeru How is it? Dou desua? You probably noticed the emboldened ka after desu and figured-out that the ka turned the into a question. A few useful phrases What is this called in Japanese? Kore wa, nan to iimasuka? Please help me! Tasukete kudasai. new vocabulary: Hajimemashite, watashi, namae, kore, hon, inu, suika, tasukete, kudasai, jouzu, marui, midori, aka, omoi, nan, iimasu, nioi ga ii, kiru (kitte kudasai), akeru, amai, ----------------------------------------------------------------
Meeting someone for the second time, talking about families and pets, and saying goodbye How are you? Genki desuka? Yes, Fine! Hai, Genki desu! The particle WA marks the subject in a sentence. For example: "This is a book" becomes Kore wa hon desu. Pet talk part 1 This is a cat. Kore wa neko desu. This is a dog. Kore wa inu desu. Is Buster a cat? Basta- wa neko desuka? No, Buster is a inu. Iie, Busta- wa inu desu. Under one roof part 1 (In Japan, grandparents often live in the same house with the eldest son or daughter, but sometimes) This is a house. Kore wa ie desu. (note that iie, no, is not pronounced like ie, house) This is my house. Kore wa watashi no ie desu. This is my mother. Kore wa watashi no okaasan (or haha). This is my father. Kore wa watashi no Otoosan (or oto). Note: Husband is Otto in Japanese -- Not to be confused with Otoosan! David's mother's name is Jean. De-bido san no okaasan no namae wa Ji-nu desu).| What is your older brother/sister's name? Oniisan/Oneesan no namae wa nan desuka? What is your younger brother/sister's name? Otooto/Imooto no namae wa nan desuka? I am a twin. Watashi wa futago desu. This is my grandmother/grandfather. Kore wa watashi no Obaasan/Ojiisan. (You could also substitute the suffix, san for chan. For example, Obaachan/Ojiichan. Chan is used when the person is know to you. Sayuri's grandfather's name is Noboru. Sayuri no Ojiisan no namae wa Noboru desu. Whose grandmother is this? Dare no obaachan desuka? My father is a carpenter. Watashi no otoosan wa daiku desu. My mother is a housewife. Watashi no okaasan wa shufu desu. My father was a pharmacist. Watashi no otoosan wa yakuzaishi deshita.
Who is this? Kore wa dare? This is my wife. Kore wa tsuma desu. Today is hot. Kyou wa atsui desu. Would you like some water? Mizu ikaga deska? Is this your water? Kore wa anata no mizu deska? Yes it is. Hai, sou desu. No it isn't. Iie, tigaimasu. Is this Sarah's water? Kore wa Seirachan no mizu desuka? No, it's Selu's water. Iie, kore wa Selu no mizu desu. What is this? Kore wa nan desuka? This is a pen. Kore wa pen desu. This is a bag. Kore wa kaban desu. These are chopsticks. Kore wa hashi (or, disposable chopsticks, waribashi) This is a bridge. Kore wa hashi desu. (bridge ennunciation emphasizes the second sylable, shi, compared to the first sylable with chopsticks) This is candy/rain. Kore wa ame/ame (candy has the second sylable emphasized). This is spicy. Kore wa karai desu. Good Morning. Ohayou Gozaimasu Good Afternoon/Hello. Konnichiwa Good Night. Oyasumi nasai. Goodbye. Bye Bye or Sayonara Stay well! Ogenki de! Please be careful! Ki wo tsukete kudasai! Please wait. Matte kudasai. Teacher talk: Everyone (repeat) Minna de New Vocabulary: hai, iie, ie, uchi, genki, neko niyau, inu, Basuta-, hana ひひひ flower; ひ), Okaasan, haha, Otoosan, Otto, de-bido, ji-nu, oniisan, oneesan, otooto, futago, hitoriko, daiku, shufu, yakuzaishi, deshita, kyou, atsui, mizu, ikaga desuka, tigaimasu, nan deska, kaban, hashi (chopsticks), hashi (bridge ひ ひ ), ame (candy), ame (rain 雨), otto, tsuma, Ohayou Gozaimasu, Konnichiwa, Oyasumi nasai, Ogenki de, karai, matte kudasai -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reviewing for new students and Show and Tell Writing Practice -- keeping your writing strokes in order -- Kakijun
Greetings: Sorry, It became late. Sumimasen, Osoku narimashita. Note: late is osoi/osoku; to become is naru/nari; recall deshita/mashita as the way to make a verb past tense Between new students: Nice to meet you. Hajimemashite Between former students:
How are you doing? Ogenki deska? Yes, fine. Hai genki desu! How about you? Anata wa? Additional family words for conversation: Do you have any brothers and sisters? Kyoudai imasuka? I am an only child. Watashi wa hitoriko desu. Show-and-Tell phrases/grammar practice: This is my _____. Kore wa, watashi no _______ desu. This is my marimba. Kore wa watashi no marimaba desu. Who is this? Kore wa watashi desu. Is this you? Kore wa anata desuka? What is this? Kore wa nan desuka? Good picture! Ii shyashin! This is my friend's dog. Kore wa watashi no tomodachi no inu. He is my son. Kare wa watashi no musuko. His name is Jacob. Kare no namae wa Jacob. How old is he? Ikutsu desuka? This is Lake Biwa. Kore wa Biwako. Lake Biwa is very pretty. Biwako wa tottemo kirei desu. It is very big. Tottemo ookii desu. This is my violin. Kore wa watashi no baiorin desu. It was made by Aurther Connor in Virginia. Bajinia no A-sa- Kana- ga tsukurimashita. (to make tsukuru/tsukuri) Is Aurther Connor your friend? A-sa Kana- ga o tomadachi desuka? Yes, he's my friend. Hai. Watashi no tomodachi desu. How old is he. Kare wa ikutsu desuka? He's eighty-three years old. Kare wa hachi-jyuu sai desu. This is a bow. Kore wa yumi desu. What color is it? Nani iro desuka? How many arrows do you have? Ikutsu arimasuka? About 16. Jyuu-roku gurai. These are birds. Kore wa tori desu. What kind of birds. Nan no tori desuka? This is a brown headed nuthatch and an indigo bunting, and a ruby-throated hummingbird. What color is the indigo bunting? Indigo bantingu wa ao desu. This is my family's picture. Kore wa watashi no kazoku no shyashin desu.
Where is your family? Kore wa nihon no kazoku desu. When is this picture? Kore wa itsu desuka? This is June 22, 2004. Kore wa roku gatsu niju-ni nichi, nisen yonnen desu. Thank you very much. Arigatou gozaimashita.
(Pointing an airport limousine bus) Meepuru: Sumimasen, AJA Hoteru-iki desu ka Otoko no hito: Hai, soo desu. Meepuru: Doomo. Maple: (Is this bus) going to the AJA Hotel? Man: Yes, it is. Maple: Thanks.
2. Asking for location-1 Where is Tokyo Station?
(Pointing a place on a map in the bus) Meepuru: Sumimasen, Tookyoo-eki wa doko desu ka. Otoko no hito: Koko desu. Meepuru: Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu. Maple: Excuse me, where is Tokyo Station? Man: Here. Maple: Thank you very much.
3. Asking for location-2 Is this the stop for the AJA Hotel?
(Bus is arriving at AJA Hotel) Meepuru: Sumimasen, koko wa AJA Hoteru desu ka. Otoko no hito: Hai, soo desu. Meepuru: Sumimasen. Orimasu. Maple: Excuse me, is this the stop for the AJA Hotel? Man: Yes, it is. Maple: Excuse me. I'm getting off here.
4. Checking in My name is Maple.
(At the reception) Meepuru: Meepuru desu. Otoko no hito: Meepuru-sama desu ne. Koko ni o-namae o o-negaishimasu. Meepuru: Hai. Maple: Hi, my name is Maple. Man: Mr. Maple, please write your name here. Maple: Sure.
4. Checking in My name is Maple.
(At the reception) Meepuru: Meepuru desu. Otoko no hito: Meepuru-sama desu ne. Koko ni o-namae o o-negaishimasu. Meepuru: Hai. Maple: Hi, my name is Maple. Man: Mr. Maple, please write your name here. Maple: Sure.
5. Asking for information Do you have a gym?
(At reception) Meepuru: Jimu wa arimasu ka. Hoteru no hito: Ee, arimasu. 6-kai desu. Meepuru: Nan-ji made desu ka. Hoteru no hito: Gogo 10-ji made desu. Maple: Do you have a gym? Hotel staff: Yes, we do. It's on the sixth floor. Maple: What time does it close? Hotel staff: It closes at 10 p.m.
6. Taking a taxi Please take me to this place.
(In the taxi) Meepuru: Koko onegaishimasu. Takushi no untenshu: Hai. ( ...... ) Meepuru: Soko de tomete kudasai. Maple: Please take me here. Taxi driver: Yes, sir. ( ...... ) Maple: Stop there, please.
7. Buying a subway ticket How much is the fare to Roppongi?
(At the subway station) Meepuru: Roppongi made ikura desu ka. Eki no hito: Hyaku roku juu-en desu. Meepuru: 160-en desu ne. Arigatoo gozaimasu. Maple: How much is the fare to Roppongi?
Station employee: It's 160 yen. Maple: It's 160-yen. Thanks.
8. Taking the subway Does this go to Roppongi?
(On the platform) Meepuru: Sumimasen, kore wa Roppongi ni ikimasu ka. Otoko no hito: Iie. Roppongi-iki wa achira desu. Meepuru: Doomo. Maple: Excuse me. Does this go to Roppongi? Man: No, it doesn't. The train going to Roppongi is over there. Maple: Thank you very much.
9. Shopping-1 How much is this?
(At the shop) Meepuru: Kore wa ikura desu ka. Mise no hito: Ni-sen-sam-byaku-en desu. Meepuru: Sumimasen. Kaite kudasai. Mise no hito: Hai. Meepuru: Doomo arigatoo. Maple: How much is this? Shopkeeper: It is 2300 yen. Maple: I'm sorry. Can you write it down? Shopkeeper: Sure. Maple: Thank you.
10. Shopping-2 What is this?
(Speaking about items in a store.) Meepuru: Kore wa nan desu ka. Mise no hito: O-kashi desu. Meepuru: Oishii desu ka. Mise no hito: Ee. Hitotsu doozo. Meepuru: Arigatoo. Itadakimasu. Maple: What is this? Sales clerk: These are sweets. Maple: Are they good? Sales clerk: Yes. Please try one. Maple: Thank you.
11. Shopping-3 What is that?
(Speaking about items in a store.) Meepuru: Are wa nan desu ka. Mise no hito: Dore desu ka. Meepuru: Are desu. Mise no hito: Kore desu ka. Meepuru: Ee, sore desu. Mise no hito: Kore WA haizara desu. Meepuru: Haizara desu ka. Maple: What is that? Sales clerk: Which one? Maple: That one. Sales clerk: This one? Maple: Yes, that's it. Sales clerk: This is an ashtray. Maple: Oh, it's an ashtray.
2. Ordering-1 Two cappuccino to go, please
(At a coffee shop) Meepuru: Kapuchiino futatsu onegaishimasu. Mochikaerimasu. Mise no hito: O-satoo to miruku wa? Meepuru: Ee, onegaishimasu. Maple: Two cappuccino to go. Shop staff: (Do you need) sugar and milk? Maple: Yes, please.
Directions and positions[edit]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ひひひひひ – east (higashi) ひひひひ – west (nishi) ひひひひひ – south (minami) ひひひひ – north (kita) ひひひひひ – here (koko) ひひひひひ – there (soko) ひひひひひひひ – over there (asoko) みぎひひ – right (migi) ひだりひひ – left (hidari) ひひひひ – above (ue) ひひひひ – below (shita) ひひひひ – in front [of] (mae) うしろひひ – behind (ushiro) ひひひひひひひ – the other side, opposite side (mukō)
• • •
ななめひ斜 め – diagonal (naname) ひひひひひひ – nearer, more in front (temae) ひひひひ – far (oku)
Forms[edit]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ひひひひひひひひ – good (ii, yoi) ひひひひひひ – bad, inferior (warui) たかいひひひ – expensive, high (takai) ひひひひひひ – low (hikui) ひひひひひひ – cheap (yasui) ひひひひひひひひ – big (ōkii) ひひひひひひひひ – small (chiisai) ひひひひひひ – thin (hosoi) ひひひひひひ – thick (futoi) ひひひひひひ – old (furui) あたらしいひひひひ – new (atarashii) わかいひひひ – young (wakai) ひひひひひひ – light, easy (karui) おもいひひひ – heavy (omoi) ひひひひひひひひ – easy, simple (yasashii) むずかしいひひひひ – difficult (muzukashii) やわらかいひ柔らかい – soft (yawarakai) ひひひひひひひひひ – hard (katai) あついひひひひひひ – hot (atsui) ひひひひひひひひ – cold (tsumetai) ひひひひひひ – cold (samui) ひひひひひひひひひ – delicious (oishii) ひひひひひひひひひひ – delicious, appetizing (umai) まずいひひひひ – tastes awful (mazui) ひひひひひひ – sweet (amai) ひひひひひひ – hot [spicy] (karai) しょっぱいひ塩っぱい – salty (shoppai) ひひひひひひ – bitter (nigai)
Movement[edit]
• • • • •
ひひひひひ – to go (iku) ひひひひひ – to come (kuru) ひひひひひひひひひ – to return (kaeru) ひひひひひひ – to walk (aruku) とぶひ飛 ぶ – to jump, to fly (tobu)
•
およぐひ泳 ぐ – to swim (oyogu)
Actions[edit]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
うごくひひひ – to movein (ugoku) おどるひひひ – to dance (odoru) ひひひひひ – to sleep (neru) ひひひひひひ – to sing (utau) ひひ – to bite (kamu) たべるひ食べる – to eat (taberu) ひひひひひ – to drink (nomu) ひひひひひひ – to touch (sawaru) なげるひ投げる – to throw (nageru) ももひ持 つ – to hold (motsu) うつひ打 つ – to hit, to strike (utsu) なぐるひひひ – to hit, to strike (naguru) ひひひひひ – to point (sasu) ひひひひひ – to stab (sasu) ひひひひひ – to raise or extend one's hands (sasu) ひひひひひ – to kick (keru) ひひひひひひ – to sit (suwaru) たつひ立 つ – to stand (tatsu) ひひひひひひ – to run (hashiru)
in
intransitive sense
• •
ひひひひひ – to see (miru) ひひひひひひひひ – to hear, to listen (kiku)
Adverbs
• • • • • • • • • • •
ひひ – already (mō) まだ – still, yet (mada) ひひひ – always (zutto) とても – very (totemo) ひひ – like this (kō) ひひ – like that (sō) ひひ – Oh!, Ah! (ā) ひひ – how (dō) けど - but (kedo) しかし – but, however (shikashi) ひひひ – and then, Then… (soshite)
• •
それに – besides (soreni) なぜなら – that is because, being because (nazenara)
Terminations of verbs[edit]
• • • • • • • • • •
ひひひひ – volitional ending [ひ for u-verbs, ひひ for ru-verbs]: "Let's…" or "I will" (u, yō) ひひひひひひ – causative ending [ひひ for u-verbs, ひひひ for ru-verbs]: to make [someone do something], to allow (seru, saseru) ひひひひひひ – passive verb ending [ひひ for u-verbs, ひひひ for ru-verbs]: to be <verbed> [e.g., ひ ひひひひ, "to be eaten"] (reru, rareru) そうだ – indicates that it seems the verb occurs [e.g., "It seems he ate"] ( sōda) ひ – informal past-tense (ta) ひひ – indicates desire to perform verb (tai) ひひひ – indicates that it seems the verb occurs; also used to ask whether the verb occurs (darō) ひひ, ひ – informal negative (nai, n) [ひ is a slurred version and sounds a little masculine] ひ – archaic informal negative ["he hath", "he didst", etc.] (nu) ひひ – formal non-past ending (masu)
Particles[edit]
Case[edit]
• • • • • • • • • •
ひ – subject marker, but (ga) もも – from (kara) ひ – at, by (de) ひ – and, with (to) ひ – indirect object marker (ni) ひ – possession marker, of (no) ひ – to (e) [Note: ひ is normally read he, but when used as this particle its reading changes to e] ひひ – to (made) より – than (yori) ひ – direct object marker (o)
Binding[edit]
• • •
ひ – topic marker (wa) [Note: "ひ" is usually pronounced as "ha", but pronounced "wa"
when used as a particle] も – as well (mo) ひ – and (ya)
Conjunctive[edit]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
およびひ及 び – and (oyobi) も – whether (ka) もも – might be, possible that (kamo) ひひひ – and then (soshite) それとも – or (soretomo) ひひ – things like <list of things>, including, such things as ( dano) もも – ongoing occurrence (tsutsu) [similar to ひひひ but has different tone, and both actions have equal weight] ひ – te form of verb or adjective [see explanation] ひ – when, if, that (to) ながら – while, though, both (nagara) ならびに – as well as (narabini) なり – whether or not (nari) ひ – to <somewhere>, by <someone> (ni) ひ – possession (no) ひひ – so (node) ひひひひ – also, again (mata) ひひひひひひ – or alternatively (matawa) も – also, too (mo) ひ – and (ya)
Final[edit]
• • • • • •
ひ – emphasis and question marker, equivalent to "right?" (ne) も – question marker (ka) ひ – the copula particle used after quasi-adjectives (na) かしら – I wonder (kashira) ひ – -ness (sa) ひひ – particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information ["What class is next -kke?"] (-kke)
Adverbial[edit]
• • • • • • • • •
ひひ – emphasis (koso) ひひ – even (sae) しか – only (shika) すら – even (sura) くらいひひひひ – approximately, about (kurai) ひひ – only, as much as (dake) ひひひ – however (datte) ったら – casual topic marker (ttara) [colloquial form of to ittara (if you refer to ~; as for ~] ひひ – said that (tte)
• • • • • • • • • •
でも – also, or (demo) どころ – (particle used to indicate that what precedes it is an extreme example and strongly negates it) (dokoro) など – for example (nado) なら – if [for verbs]; subject marker [for nouns] (nara) なんか – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nanka) ひひひ – casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nante) ひ – topic marker (wa) [although ha is the hiragana used, wa is the pronunciation) ば か り ひばっかり – just, full of, only (bakari) ひひ – until (made) も – too, also (mo)
Hiragana or Romaji Kanji Katakana 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 13. 14. 15. 16. 52. 53. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. ひひ 天気予報 ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひ ひ ひひ ひ ひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひ ひ ひ ひ ひひひ てんきよほう ひひ ひひひひ ひひひひ ひひひ ひひ ひひ ひひひひ かみなり ひひ ひひひひ ひひひ つ な み ひひひ ひひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ ひひ
Meaning tenki tenki yohou hare kaisei taiyou kumori kumo yuki ooyuki kaminari ame kirisame kosame tsunami jishin kisetsu shiki haru natsu aki fuyu Weather Weather Forecast Clear Weather/Fair Weather Fine Weather/Clear and Sunny Sun Cloudy Weather Cloud Snow Heavy Snow Thunder Rain Misty Rain/Light Drizzle Light Rain/Drizzle Tsunami/Tidal Wave Earthquake Season Four Seasons Spring Summer Autumn/Fall Winter
Nice to Meet You! Hajimemashite! I am (your name). Watashi wa, (your name) desu.
or -- My name is (your name). Watashi no namae wa (your name) desu. I am grateful for your kindness. Yoroshiku onegaishimasu! You probably noticed two emboldened sylables, wa and no in the above sentences, and you probably figured out that wa is a subject marker for watashi (I) and no is a marker for assigning possession to watshi (changing it from I to my). Speaking about someone: This is (name). Kore wa (name). Then the person you are introducing can say hajimemashite and yoroshiku onegaishimasu. What is this? Kore wa nan desuka? This is a book. Kore wa hon desu. This is my dog. Kore wa watashi no inu desu. What is suika? Suika wa nan desuka? Hints: marui (round), midori (green), kiiro (yellow) aka (red), omoi (heavy), oishi (delicious), nioi ga ii (good smell), tane (seeds), amai (sweet) Suika is watermelon! Suika wa watermelon desu! You are smart! Jouzu Please hold (it). Motte kudasai. Please hold the knife. Houcho wo motte kudasai. It's dangerous! Abunai desu. Be careful. Ki wo tukete Cut it. Kiru; Open it. Akeru How is it? Dou desua? You probably noticed the emboldened ka after desu and figured-out that the ka turned the into a question. A few useful phrases What is this called in Japanese? Kore wa, nan to iimasuka? Please help me! Tasukete kudasai. new vocabulary: Hajimemashite, watashi, namae, kore, hon, inu, suika, tasukete, kudasai, jouzu, marui, midori, aka, omoi, nan, iimasu, nioi ga ii, kiru (kitte kudasai), akeru, amai, ----------------------------------------------------------------
Meeting someone for the second time, talking about families and pets, and saying goodbye How are you? Genki desuka? Yes, Fine! Hai, Genki desu! The particle WA marks the subject in a sentence. For example: "This is a book" becomes Kore wa hon desu. Pet talk part 1 This is a cat. Kore wa neko desu. This is a dog. Kore wa inu desu. Is Buster a cat? Basta- wa neko desuka? No, Buster is a inu. Iie, Busta- wa inu desu. Under one roof part 1 (In Japan, grandparents often live in the same house with the eldest son or daughter, but sometimes) This is a house. Kore wa ie desu. (note that iie, no, is not pronounced like ie, house) This is my house. Kore wa watashi no ie desu. This is my mother. Kore wa watashi no okaasan (or haha). This is my father. Kore wa watashi no Otoosan (or oto). Note: Husband is Otto in Japanese -- Not to be confused with Otoosan! David's mother's name is Jean. De-bido san no okaasan no namae wa Ji-nu desu).| What is your older brother/sister's name? Oniisan/Oneesan no namae wa nan desuka? What is your younger brother/sister's name? Otooto/Imooto no namae wa nan desuka? I am a twin. Watashi wa futago desu. This is my grandmother/grandfather. Kore wa watashi no Obaasan/Ojiisan. (You could also substitute the suffix, san for chan. For example, Obaachan/Ojiichan. Chan is used when the person is know to you. Sayuri's grandfather's name is Noboru. Sayuri no Ojiisan no namae wa Noboru desu. Whose grandmother is this? Dare no obaachan desuka? My father is a carpenter. Watashi no otoosan wa daiku desu. My mother is a housewife. Watashi no okaasan wa shufu desu. My father was a pharmacist. Watashi no otoosan wa yakuzaishi deshita.
Who is this? Kore wa dare? This is my wife. Kore wa tsuma desu. Today is hot. Kyou wa atsui desu. Would you like some water? Mizu ikaga deska? Is this your water? Kore wa anata no mizu deska? Yes it is. Hai, sou desu. No it isn't. Iie, tigaimasu. Is this Sarah's water? Kore wa Seirachan no mizu desuka? No, it's Selu's water. Iie, kore wa Selu no mizu desu. What is this? Kore wa nan desuka? This is a pen. Kore wa pen desu. This is a bag. Kore wa kaban desu. These are chopsticks. Kore wa hashi (or, disposable chopsticks, waribashi) This is a bridge. Kore wa hashi desu. (bridge ennunciation emphasizes the second sylable, shi, compared to the first sylable with chopsticks) This is candy/rain. Kore wa ame/ame (candy has the second sylable emphasized). This is spicy. Kore wa karai desu. Good Morning. Ohayou Gozaimasu Good Afternoon/Hello. Konnichiwa Good Night. Oyasumi nasai. Goodbye. Bye Bye or Sayonara Stay well! Ogenki de! Please be careful! Ki wo tsukete kudasai! Please wait. Matte kudasai. Teacher talk: Everyone (repeat) Minna de New Vocabulary: hai, iie, ie, uchi, genki, neko niyau, inu, Basuta-, hana ひひひ flower; ひ), Okaasan, haha, Otoosan, Otto, de-bido, ji-nu, oniisan, oneesan, otooto, futago, hitoriko, daiku, shufu, yakuzaishi, deshita, kyou, atsui, mizu, ikaga desuka, tigaimasu, nan deska, kaban, hashi (chopsticks), hashi (bridge ひ ひ ), ame (candy), ame (rain 雨), otto, tsuma, Ohayou Gozaimasu, Konnichiwa, Oyasumi nasai, Ogenki de, karai, matte kudasai -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reviewing for new students and Show and Tell Writing Practice -- keeping your writing strokes in order -- Kakijun
Greetings: Sorry, It became late. Sumimasen, Osoku narimashita. Note: late is osoi/osoku; to become is naru/nari; recall deshita/mashita as the way to make a verb past tense Between new students: Nice to meet you. Hajimemashite Between former students:
How are you doing? Ogenki deska? Yes, fine. Hai genki desu! How about you? Anata wa? Additional family words for conversation: Do you have any brothers and sisters? Kyoudai imasuka? I am an only child. Watashi wa hitoriko desu. Show-and-Tell phrases/grammar practice: This is my _____. Kore wa, watashi no _______ desu. This is my marimba. Kore wa watashi no marimaba desu. Who is this? Kore wa watashi desu. Is this you? Kore wa anata desuka? What is this? Kore wa nan desuka? Good picture! Ii shyashin! This is my friend's dog. Kore wa watashi no tomodachi no inu. He is my son. Kare wa watashi no musuko. His name is Jacob. Kare no namae wa Jacob. How old is he? Ikutsu desuka? This is Lake Biwa. Kore wa Biwako. Lake Biwa is very pretty. Biwako wa tottemo kirei desu. It is very big. Tottemo ookii desu. This is my violin. Kore wa watashi no baiorin desu. It was made by Aurther Connor in Virginia. Bajinia no A-sa- Kana- ga tsukurimashita. (to make tsukuru/tsukuri) Is Aurther Connor your friend? A-sa Kana- ga o tomadachi desuka? Yes, he's my friend. Hai. Watashi no tomodachi desu. How old is he. Kare wa ikutsu desuka? He's eighty-three years old. Kare wa hachi-jyuu sai desu. This is a bow. Kore wa yumi desu. What color is it? Nani iro desuka? How many arrows do you have? Ikutsu arimasuka? About 16. Jyuu-roku gurai. These are birds. Kore wa tori desu. What kind of birds. Nan no tori desuka? This is a brown headed nuthatch and an indigo bunting, and a ruby-throated hummingbird. What color is the indigo bunting? Indigo bantingu wa ao desu. This is my family's picture. Kore wa watashi no kazoku no shyashin desu.
Where is your family? Kore wa nihon no kazoku desu. When is this picture? Kore wa itsu desuka? This is June 22, 2004. Kore wa roku gatsu niju-ni nichi, nisen yonnen desu. Thank you very much. Arigatou gozaimashita.
