Terry-Fox
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Terry Fox
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Terry Fox
Terry Fox
Terry Fox in Toronto during his Marathon of Hope cross-country run (July 1980) Born Terrance Stanley Fox July 28, 1958 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada June 28, 1981 (aged 22) New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada Metastatic osteosarcoma Simon Fraser University Marathon of Hope Companion of the Order of Canada
Died
Cause of death Education Known for Title
Terrance Stanley "Terry" Fox CC OD, (July 28, 1958 – June 28, 1981) was a Canadian humanitarian, athlete, and cancer research activist. In 1980, with one leg having been amputated, he embarked on a cross-Canada run to raise money and awareness for cancer research. Although the spread of his cancer eventually forced him to end his quest after 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi), and ultimately cost him his life, his efforts resulted in a lasting, worldwide legacy. The annual Terry Fox Run, first held in 1981, has grown to involve millions of participants in over 60 countries and is now the world's largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research; over C$500 million has been raised in his name. Fox was a distance runner and basketball player for his Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, high school and Simon Fraser University. His right leg was amputated in 1977 after he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, though he continued to run using an artificial leg. He also played wheelchair basketball in Vancouver, winning three national championships. In 1980, he began the Marathon of Hope, a cross-country run to raise money for cancer research. Fox hoped to raise one dollar for each of Canada's 24 million people. He began with little fanfare from St. John's, Newfoundland, in April and ran the equivalent of a full marathon every day. Fox had become a national star by the time he reached Ontario; he made numerous public appearances with businessmen, athletes, and politicians in his efforts to raise money. He was forced to end his run outside of Thunder Bay when the cancer spread to his lungs. His hopes of overcoming the disease and completing his marathon ended when he died nine months later. Fox was the youngest person ever named a Companion of the Order of Canada. He won the 1980 Lou Marsh Award as the nation's top sportsman and was named Canada's Newsmaker of the Year in both 1980 and 1981. Considered a national hero, he has had many buildings, roads and parks named in his honour across the country.
Terry Fox
2
Early life and cancer
Terry Fox was born on July 28, 1958, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Rolland "Rolly" Fox and Betty Fox. Rolly was a switchman for the Canadian National Railway.[1] Terry had an elder brother, Fred, a younger brother, Darrell and a younger sister, Judith.[2] His family moved to Surrey, British Columbia, in 1966, then settled in Port Coquitlam in 1968.[2] His parents were dedicated to their family, and his mother was especially protective of her children; it was through her that Fox developed his stubborn dedication to whatever task he committed to do.[3] His father recalled that he was extremely competitive, noting that Terry hated to lose so much that he would continue at any activity until he succeeded.[4] He was an enthusiastic athlete, playing soccer, rugby and baseball as a child.[5] His passion was for basketball and though he stood only five feet tall and was a poor player at the time, Fox sought to make his school team in grade eight. His physical education teacher and basketball coach at Mary Hill Junior High School felt he was better suited to be a distance runner and encouraged him to take up the sport. Fox had no desire for cross-country running, but took it up because he respected and wanted to please his coach.[6] He was determined to continue playing basketball, even if he was the last substitute on the team. Fox played only one minute in his grade eight season but dedicated his summers to improving his play. He became a regular player in grade nine and earned a starting position in grade ten.[7] In grade 12, he won his high school's athlete of the year award jointly with his best friend Doug Alward.[2] Though he was initially unsure if he wanted to go to university, Fox's mother convinced him to enrol at Simon Fraser University, where he studied kinesiology as a stepping stone to becoming a physical education teacher.[8] He tried out for the junior varsity basketball team, earning a spot ahead of more talented players due to his determination.[2] On November 12, 1976, as Fox was driving home to Port Coquitlam, he became distracted by nearby bridge construction, and crashed into the back of a pickup truck. While his car was left undriveable, Fox emerged with only a sore right knee. He again felt pain in December, but chose to ignore it until the end of basketball season.[9] By March 1977, the pain had intensified and he finally went to a hospital, where he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, a form of cancer that often starts near the knees.[2] Fox believed his car accident weakened his knee and left it vulnerable to the disease, though his doctors argued there was no connection.[10] He was told that his leg had to be amputated, he would require chemotherapy treatment, and that recent medical advances meant he had a 50 percent chance of survival. Fox learned that two years before the figure would have been only 15 percent; the improvement in survival rates impressed on him the value of cancer research.[11] With the help of an artificial leg, Fox was walking three weeks after the amputation.[2] He then progressed to playing golf with his father.[12] Doctors were impressed with Fox's positive outlook, stating it contributed to his rapid recovery.[13] He endured sixteen months of chemotherapy and found the time he spent in the British Columbia Cancer Control Agency facility difficult as he watched fellow cancer patients suffer and die from the disease.[14] Fox ended his treatment with new purpose: he felt he owed his survival to medical advances and wished to live his life in a way that would help others find courage.[15] In the summer of 1977 Rick Hansen, working with the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, invited Fox to try out for his wheelchair basketball team.[16] Although he was undergoing chemotherapy treatments at the time, Fox's energy impressed Hansen.[2] Less than two months after learning how to play the sport, Fox was named a member of the team for the national championship in Edmonton.[17] He won three national titles with the team,[2] and was named an all-star by the North American Wheelchair Basketball Association in 1980.[18]
Terry Fox
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Marathon of Hope
The night before his cancer surgery, Fox had been given an article about Dick Traum, the first amputee to complete the New York City Marathon.[2] The article inspired him; he embarked on a 14-month training program, telling his family he planned to compete in a marathon himself.[1] In private, he devised a more extensive plan. His hospital experiences had made Fox angry at how little money was dedicated to cancer research. He intended to run the length of Canada in the hope of increasing cancer awareness, a goal he initially only divulged to his friend Douglas Alward.[19] Fox ran with an unusual gait, as he was required to hop-step on his good leg due to the extra time the springs in his artificial leg required to reset after each step.[20] He found the training painful as the additional pressure he had to place on both his good leg and his stump led to bone bruises, blisters and intense pain. Fox found that after about 20 minutes of each run, he crossed a pain threshold and the run became easier.[21]
Terry Fox statue in Beacon Hill Park, Victoria, British Columbia
In August 1979, Fox competed in a marathon in Prince George, British Columbia. He finished in last place, ten minutes behind his closest competitor, but his effort was met with tears and applause from the other participants.[2] Following the marathon, he revealed his full plan to his family.[22] His mother discouraged him, angering Fox, though she later came to support the project. She recalled, "He said, 'I thought you'd be one of the first persons to believe in me.' And I wasn't. I was the first person who let him down".[23] Fox initially hoped to raise $1 million,[23] then $10 million, but later sought to raise $1 for each of Canada's 24 million people.[24]
Preparation
On October 15, 1979, Fox sent a letter to the Canadian Cancer Society in which he announced his goal and appealed for funding. He stated that he would "conquer" his disability, and promised to complete his run, even if he had to "crawl every last mile". Explaining why he wanted to raise money for research, Fox described his personal experience of cancer treatment: I soon realized that that would only be half my quest, for as I went through the 16 months of the physically and emotionally draining ordeal of chemotherapy, I was rudely awakened by the feelings that surrounded and coursed through the cancer clinic. There were faces with the brave smiles, and the ones who had given up smiling. There were feelings of hopeful denial, and the feelings of despair. My quest would not be a selfish one. I could not leave knowing these faces and feelings would still exist, even though I would be set free from mine. Somewhere the hurting must stop....and I was determined to take myself to the limit for this cause.[25] Fox made no promises that his efforts would lead to a cure for cancer, but he closed his letter with the statement: "We need your help. The people in cancer clinics all over the world need people who believe in miracles. I am not a dreamer, and I am not saying that this will initiate any kind of definitive answer or cure to cancer. I believe in miracles. I have to."[25] The Cancer Society was skeptical of his dedication, but agreed to support Fox once he had acquired sponsors and requested he get a medical certificate from a heart specialist stating that he was fit to attempt the run. Fox was diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy — an enlarged heart — a condition commonly associated with athletes. Doctors warned Fox of the potential risks he faced, though they did not consider his condition a significant concern. They endorsed his participation when he promised that he would stop immediately if he began to experience any heart problems.[26]
Terry Fox A second letter was sent to several corporations seeking donations for a vehicle, running shoes and to cover the other costs of the run.[27] Fox sent other letters asking for grants to buy a running leg. He observed that while he was grateful to be alive following his cancer treatment, "I remember promising myself that, should I live, I would rise up to meet this new challenge [of fundraising for cancer research] face to face and prove myself worthy of life, something too many people take for granted."[27] The Ford Motor Company donated a camper van,[3] while Imperial Oil contributed fuel, and Adidas his running shoes.[28] Fox turned away any company that requested he endorse their products and refused any donation that carried conditions as he insisted that nobody was to profit from his run.[3]
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Trek across Canada
The Marathon began on April 12, 1980, when Fox dipped his right leg in the Atlantic Ocean near St. John's, Newfoundland, and filled two large bottles with ocean water. He intended to keep one as a souvenir and pour the other into the Pacific Ocean upon completing his journey at Victoria, British Columbia.[24] Fox was supported on his run by Doug Alward, who drove the van and cooked meals.[28] Fox was met with gale force winds, heavy rain and a snowstorm in the first days of his run.[1] He was initially disappointed with the reception he received, but was heartened upon arriving in Port aux Basques, Fox's path across eastern Canada. He began at St. Newfoundland, where the town's 10,000 residents presented him with a John's on the east coast and ran west. donation of over $10,000.[28] Throughout the trip, Fox frequently expressed his anger and frustration to those he saw as impeding the run, and he fought regularly with Alward. By the time they reached Nova Scotia, they were barely on speaking terms, and it was arranged for Fox's brother Darrell, then 17, to join them as a buffer.[23] Fox left the Maritimes on June 10 and faced new challenges entering Quebec due to his group's inability to speak French[29] and drivers who continually forced him off the road.[30] Fox arrived in Montreal on June 22, one-third of the way through his 8,000-kilometre (5,000 mi) journey, having collected over $200,000 in donations.[20] Around this time, Terry Fox's run caught the attention of Isadore Sharp who was the founder and CEO of Four Seasons Hotel and Resorts—and who had lost a son to melanoma in 1978 just a year after Terry's diagnosis.[31] Sharp was intrigued by the story of a one-legged kid "trying to do the impossible" and run across the country; so he offered food and accommodation at his hotels en route. When Terry was discouraged because so few people were making donations, Sharp pledged $2 a mile [to the run] and persuaded close to 1,000 other corporations to do the same.[32] Sharp's encouragement persuaded Terry to continue with the Marathon of Hope. Convinced by the Canadian Cancer Society that arriving in Ottawa for Canada Day would aid fundraising efforts, he remained in Montreal for a few extra days.[30]
Terry Fox
5 Fox crossed into Ontario at the town of Hawkesbury on the last Saturday in June. He was met by a brass band and thousands of residents who lined the streets to cheer him on, while the Ontario Provincial Police gave him an escort throughout the province.[33] Despite the sweltering heat of summer, he continued to run 26 miles (42 km) per day.[29] On his arrival in Ottawa, Fox met Governor General Ed Schreyer and Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and was the guest of honour at numerous sporting events in the city.[33] In front of 16,000 fans, he performed a ceremonial kickoff at a Canadian Football League game and was given a standing ovation. Fox's journal reflected his growing excitement at the reception he had received as he began to understand how deeply moved Canadians were by his efforts.[34]
A crowd of 10,000 people met Fox in Toronto, where he was honoured in Nathan Phillips Square. As he ran to the square, he was joined on the road by many people, including National Hockey League star Darryl Sittler, who presented Fox with his 1980 All-Star Game jersey. The Cancer Society estimated it collected $100,000 in donations that day alone.[2] As he continued through southern Ontario, he was met by Hockey Hall of Famer Bobby Orr who presented him with a cheque for $25,000. Fox considered meeting Orr the highlight of his journey.[2]
Memorial at Mile 0 in St. John's
"Everybody seems to have given up hope of trying. I haven't. It isn't easy and it isn't supposed to be, but I'm accomplishing something. How many people give up a lot to do something good. I'm sure we would have found a cure for cancer 20 years ago if we had really tried" Fox speaking outside of Ottawa
[4]
As Fox's fame grew, the Cancer Society scheduled him to attend more functions and give more speeches.[35] Fox attempted to accommodate any request that he believed would raise money, no matter how far out of his way it took him.[36] He bristled, however, at what he felt were media intrusions into his personal life, for example when the Toronto Star reported that he had gone on a date.[37] Fox was left unsure whom he could trust in the media after negative articles began to emerge, including one by the Globe and Mail that characterized him as a "tyrannical brother" who verbally abused Darrell and claimed he was running because he held a grudge against a doctor who had misdiagnosed his condition, allegations he referred to as "trash".[38] The physical demands of running a marathon every day took its toll on Fox's body. Apart from the rest days in Montreal taken at the request of the Cancer Society, he refused to take a day off, even on his 22nd birthday.[39] He frequently suffered shin splints and an inflamed knee. He developed cysts on his stump and experienced dizzy spells.[40] At one point, he suffered a soreness in his ankle that would not go away. Although he feared he had developed a stress fracture, he ran for three more days before seeking medical attention, and was then relieved to learn it was tendonitis and could be treated with painkillers.[41] Fox rejected calls for him to seek regular medical checkups,[42] and dismissed suggestions he was risking his future health.[38] In spite of his immense recuperative capacity,[43] Fox found that by late August he was exhausted before he began his day's run.[44] On September 1, outside of Thunder Bay, he was forced to stop briefly after he suffered an intense coughing fit and experienced pains in his chest. Unsure what to do, he resumed running as the crowds along the highway shouted out their encouragement.[45] A few miles later, short of breath and with continued chest pain, he asked Alward to drive him to a hospital. He feared immediately that he had run his last kilometer.[46] The next day, Fox held a tearful press conference during which he announced that his cancer had returned and spread to his lungs. He was forced to end his run after 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi).[47] Fox refused offers to complete the run in his stead, stating that he wanted to complete his marathon himself.[2]
Terry Fox
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National response
Fox had raised $1.7 million by the time he was forced to abandon the Marathon. He realized that the nation was about to see the consequences of the disease, and hoped that this might lead to greater generosity.[48] A week after his run ended, the CTV Television Network organized a nationwide telethon in support of Fox and the Canadian Cancer Society.[49] Supported by Canadian and international celebrities, the five-hour event raised $10.5 million.[2] Among the donations were $1 million each by the governments of British Columbia and Ontario, the former to create a new research institute to be founded in Fox's name, and the latter an endowment given to the Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation.[50] Donations continued throughout the winter, and by the following April, over $23 million had been raised.[51] Supporters and well wishers from around the world inundated Fox with letters and tokens of support. At one point, he was receiving more mail than the rest of Port Coquitlam combined.[52] Such was his fame that one letter addressed simply to "Terry Fox, Canada" was successfully delivered.[53]
Terry Fox statue in Ottawa
In September 1980 he was invested in a special ceremony as a Companion of the Order of Canada; he was the youngest person to be so honoured.[54][55] The Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia named him to the Order of the Dogwood, the province's highest award.[56] Canada's Sports Hall of Fame commissioned a permanent exhibit,[57] and Fox was named the winner of the Lou Marsh Award for 1980 as the nation's top athlete.[58] He was named Canada's 1980 Newsmaker of the Year. The Ottawa Citizen described the national response to his marathon as "one of the most powerful outpourings of emotion and generosity in Canada's history".[59]
Death
In the following months, Fox received multiple chemotherapy treatments; however, the disease continued to spread.[60] As his condition worsened, Canadians hoped for a miracle and Pope John Paul II sent a telegram saying that he was praying for Fox.[61] Doctors turned to experimental interferon treatments, though their effectiveness against osteogenic sarcoma was unknown.[62] He suffered an adverse reaction to his first treatment,[63] but continued the program after a period of rest.[64] Fox was re-admitted to the Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster on June 19, 1981, with chest congestion and developed pneumonia.[65] He fell into a coma and died at 4:35 a.m. PDT on June 28, 1981, with his family by his side.[66][67] The Government of Canada ordered flags across the country lowered to half staff, an unprecedented honour that was usually reserved for statesmen.[68] Addressing the House of Commons, Trudeau said, "It occurs very rarely in the life of a nation that the courageous spirit of one person unites all people in the celebration of his life and in the mourning of his death ... We do not think of him as one who was defeated by misfortune but as one who inspired us with the example of the triumph of the human spirit over adversity".[69] His funeral, attended by 40 relatives and 200 guests,[69] was broadcast on national television; hundreds of communities across Canada also held memorial services,[70] a public memorial service was held on Parliament Hill in Ottawa,[71] and Canadians again overwhelmed Cancer Society offices with donations.[72]
Terry Fox
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Legacy
Fox remains a prominent figure in Canadian folklore. His determination united the nation; people from all walks of life lent their support to his run and his memory inspires pride in all regions of the country.[73] A 1999 national survey named him as Canada's greatest hero,[74] and he finished second to Tommy Douglas in the 2004 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation program The Greatest Canadian.[75] Fox's heroic status has been attributed to his image as an ordinary person attempting a remarkable and inspirational feat.[76][77] Participants of the 2007 Terry Fox Run in Milan, Others have argued that Fox's greatness derives from his audacious Italy vision, his determined pursuit of his goal, his ability to overcome challenges such as his lack of experience and the very loneliness of his [76][78] venture. As Fox's advocate on The Greatest Canadian, media personality Sook-Yin Lee compared him to a classic hero, Phidippides, the runner who delivered the news of the Battle of Marathon before dying, and asserted that Fox "embodies the most cherished Canadian values: compassion, commitment, perseverance". She highlighted the juxtaposition between his celebrity, brought about by the unforgettable image he created, and his rejection of the trappings of that celebrity.[79] Typically amongst Canadian icons, Fox is an unconventional hero, admired but not without flaws.[80] An obituary in the Canadian Family Physician emphasized his humanity and noted that his anger—at his diagnosis, at press misrepresentations and at those he saw as encroaching on his independence—spoke against ascribing sainthood for Fox, and thus placed his achievements within the reach of all.[76]
Attitudes to disability
Fox expressed a robust attitude to his situation: he refused to regard himself as disabled,[81] and would not allow anyone to pity him, telling a Toronto radio station that he found life more "rewarding and challenging" since he had lost his leg.[76] His feat helped redefine Canadian views of disability and the inclusion of the disabled in society.[82][83] Fox's actions increased the visibility of people with disabilities,[83][84] and in addition influenced the attitudes of those with disabilities, by showing them disability portrayed in a positive light.[83] Rick Hansen commented that the run challenged society to focus on ability rather than disability. "What was perceived as a limitation became a great opportunity. People with disabilities started looking at things differently. They came away with huge pride", he wrote.[85] In contrast, the narrative surrounding Fox has been critiqued as illustrating the media's focus on stereotyped portrayals of the heroic and extraordinary achievements of people with disabilities, rather than more mundane accomplishments.[86][87] Actor Alan Toy noted "Sure, it raised money for cancer research and sure it showed the human capacity for achievement. But a lot of disabled people are made to feel like failures if they haven't done something extraordinary. They may be bankers or factory workers – proof enough of their usefulness to society. Do we have to be 'supercrips' in order to be valid? And if we're not super, are we invalid?"[86] The media's idealization of Fox has also been critiqued for emphasizing an individualistic approach to illness and disability, in which the body is a machine to be mastered, rather than the social model of disability, where societal attitudes and barriers to inclusion play a prominent role in determining who is disabled.[88][89]
Terry Fox
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Terry Fox Run
One of Fox's earliest supporters was Isadore Sharp, founder of the Four Seasons Hotels. Sharp had lost his own son to cancer and offered Fox and his companions free accommodation at his hotels.[2] He donated $10,000 and challenged 999 other businesses to do the same.[90] Sharp also proposed an annual fundraising run in Fox's name. Fox agreed, but insisted that the runs be non-competitive. There were to be no winners or losers, and anyone who participated could run, walk or ride.[91] Sharp faced opposition to the project. The Cancer Society feared that a fall run would detract from its traditional April campaigns, while other charities believed that an additional fundraiser would leave less money for their causes.[92] Sharp persisted, and he, the Four Seasons Hotels and the Fox family organized the first Terry Fox Run on September 13, 1981.[91] Over 300,000 people took part and raised $3.5 million in the first Terry Fox Run.[90] Schools across Canada were urged to join the second run, held on September 19, 1982.[93] School participation has continued since, evolving into the National School Run Day.[94] The runs, which raised over $20 million in its first six years,[92] grew into an international event as over one million people in 60 countries took part in 1999, raising $15 million that year alone.[95] By the Terry Fox Run's 25th anniversary, more than three million people were taking part annually. Grants from the Terry Fox Foundation, which organizes the runs, have helped Canadian scientists make numerous advances in cancer research.[96] The Terry Fox Run is the world's largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research,[97] and over $500 million has been raised in his name.[98] The 30th Terry Fox Run was held September 19, 2010.[99]
Honours
The physical memorials in Canada named after Fox include:[100] • Approximately 32 roads and streets, including the Terry Fox Courage Highway near Thunder Bay, near where Fox ended his run and where an oversized statue of him was erected as a monument;[101] • 14 schools, including a new school in a suburb of Montreal that was renamed Terry Fox Elementary School shortly after he died,[102] and the Port Coquitlam high school, from which he had graduated, which was renamed Terry Fox Secondary School on 18 January 1986;[103]
• 14 other buildings, including many athletic centres and the Terry Fox Research Institute in Vancouver; • Seven statues, including the Terry Fox Monument in Ottawa, which was the genesis of The Path of Heroes, a federal government initiative that seeks to honour the people that shaped the nation;[104]
Memorial erected outside of Thunder Bay on the Trans Canada Highway near the spot where Fox was forced to end his marathon.
• nine fitness trails; • A previously unnamed mountain in the Canadian Rockies in the Selwyn range, which was named Mount Terry Fox by the government of British Columbia;[105] the area around it is now known as Mount Terry Fox Provincial Park; • The "Terry Fox Fountain of Hope" was installed in 1982 on the historic grounds of Rideau Hall, the official residence of the Governor General of Canada;[106] • The Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker CCGS Terry Fox, which was commissioned in 1983; and[107] • In 2011, a series of bronze sculptures of Fox in motion, designed by author Douglas Coupland and depicting Fox running toward the Pacific Ocean, was unveiled outside of BC Place in downtown Vancouver.[108] Shortly after his death, Fox was named the Newsmaker of the Year for 1981,[109] and Canada Post announced the production of a commemorative stamp in 1981, bypassing its traditionally held position that stamps honouring people should not be created until ten years after their deaths.[110] British rock star Rod Stewart was so moved by the
Terry Fox Marathon of Hope that he was inspired to write and dedicate the song "Never Give Up on a Dream" — found on his 1981 album Tonight I'm Yours — to Fox. Stewart also called his 1981–1982 tour of Canada the "Terry Fox Tour".[111] The Terry Fox Hall of Fame was established in 1994 to recognize individuals that have made contributions that improved the quality of life of disabled people.[104][112] The Terry Fox Laboratory research centre was established in Vancouver to conduct leading edge research into the causes and potential cures for cancer. The Royal Canadian Mint produced a special dollar coin in 2005 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marathon of Hope. It was their first regular circulation coin to feature a Canadian.[113] In 2008, Terry Fox was named a National Historic Person of Canada, a recognition given by the Canadian government to those persons who are considered to have played a nationally significant role in the history of the country. Fox's designation was due to his status as an "enduring icon", his personal qualities, and for the manner in which the Marathon of Hope had captivated the country and resonated deeply with Canadians.[114] Fox's mother, Betty Fox, was one of eight people to carry the Olympic Flag into BC Place Stadium at the opening ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.[115] The games saw the Terry Fox Award bestowed on Olympic athletes who embodied Fox's characteristics of determination and humility in the face of adversity.[116]
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Films
Fox's story was dramatized in the 1983 biopic The Terry Fox Story. Produced by Home Box Office, the film aired as a television movie in the United States and had a theatrical run in Canada.[117] The film starred amputee actor Eric Fryer and Robert Duvall, and was the first film made exclusively for pay television.[118] The movie received mixed but generally positive reviews.[117] However, it was criticized by Fox's family over how it portrayed his temper.[119] The Terry Fox Story was nominated for eight Genie Awards, and won five, including Best Picture and Best Actor.[120] A second movie, titled Terry, focused on the Marathon of Hope, was produced by the CTV Television Network in 2005. Fox was portrayed by Shawn Ashmore. He is not an amputee; digital editing was used to superimpose a prosthesis over his real leg. The film was endorsed by Fox's family, and portrayed his attitude more positively than the first movie.[119] Canadian National Basketball Association star Steve Nash, who himself was inspired by Fox when he was a child, directed a 2010 documentary Into the Wind, which aired on ESPN as part of its 30 for 30 series.[121][122]
Steve Fonyo and Rick Hansen
Terry Fox was not the first person to attempt to run across Canada. Mark Kent crossed the country in 1974 as he raised money for the Canadian team at the 1976 Summer Olympics.[1][123] While he lived, Fox refused to let anyone else complete the Marathon of Hope, having promised to finish it himself once he recovered.[91] Steve Fonyo, an 18-year-old who suffered from the same form of cancer and who also had a leg amputated, sought in 1984 to duplicate Fox's run, calling his effort the "Journey for Lives".[124] After leaving St. John's on March 31, Fonyo reached the point where Fox was forced to end his marathon at the end of November,[125] and completed the transcontinental run on May 29, 1985.[126] The Journey for Lives raised over $13 million for cancer research.[127] Canadian Paralympic athlete Rick Hansen, who had recruited Fox to play on his wheelchair basketball team in 1977, was similarly inspired by the Marathon of Hope.[128] Hansen, who first considered circumnavigating the globe in his wheelchair in 1974, began the Man in Motion World Tour in 1985 with the goal of raising $10 million towards research into spinal cord injuries.[129] As Fonyo had, Hansen paused at the spot Fox's run ended to honour the late runner.[101] Hansen completed his world tour in May 1987 after 792 days and 40,073 kilometres (24,900 mi);[130] he travelled through 34 countries and raised over $26 million.[131]
Terry Fox
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References
Footnotes
[1] Scrivener, Leslie (1980-04-28). "Terry's running for the cancer society" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=kBQyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=aaQFAAAAIBAJ& pg=1162,4206618). Montreal Gazette: p. 21. . Retrieved 2010-02-25. [2] "The Greatest Canadian: Terry Fox" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080704121456/ http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ greatest/ top_ten/ nominee/ fox-terry. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ greatest/ top_ten/ nominee/ fox-terry. html) on July 4, 2008. . Retrieved 2010-02-25. [3] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 13–14. [4] Inwood, Damian (2005-09-18). "Terry Fox: 25 years; Celebrating his dream: a 12-page special section honouring the 25th Annual Terry Fox Run". Vancouver Province. [5] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 16–17. [6] Scrivener, 2000, p. 18. [7] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 19–20. [8] Scrivener, 2000, p. 23. [9] Scrivener, 2000, p. 25. [10] Scrivener, 2000, p. 27. [11] Scrivener, 2000, p. 30. [12] Scrivener, 2000, p. 36. [13] Scrivener, 2000, p. 35. [14] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 37–38. [15] Scrivener, 2000, p. 41. [16] Edwards, Peter (1987-01-03). "Man in Motion set to honour pal Terry Fox". Toronto Star: p. A13. [17] Scrivener, 2000, p. 45. [18] Scrivener, 2000, p. 47. [19] Scrivener, 2000, p. 58. [20] "Runner wants to cross nation on one leg" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=2FQ0AAAAIBAJ& sjid=abkFAAAAIBAJ& pg=3901,1065955). Montreal Gazette: p. 1. 1980-06-23. . Retrieved 2010-02-26. [21] Scrivener, 2000, p. 57. [22] Coupland, 2005, p. 29. [23] MacQueen, Ken (2005-04-04). "25th anniversary of Terry Fox's Marathon of Hope" (http:/ / www. canadianencyclopedia. ca/ index. cfm?PgNm=TCE& Params=M1ARTM0012749). Macleans Magazine (Historica-Dominion Institute of Canada). . Retrieved 2010-03-20. [24] "Terry Fox's legacy of hope" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ news/ background/ fox_terry/ ). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2006-06-27. . Retrieved 2010-02-25. [25] Cosentino, Frank (1990). Not bad, eh?: great moments in Canadian sports history (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=5AagweEwvVgC). General Store Publishing House. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-0-919431-29-4. . [26] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 69–70. [27] Scrivener, 2000, p. 63. [28] Murphy, 2005, p. 33. [29] Scrivener, 2000, p. 232. [30] Scrivener, 2000, p. 97. [31] Sandra Martin, Obituary (http:/ / www. theglobeandmail. com/ news/ national/ betty-fox-kept-marathon-of-hope-pure-and-terry-foxs-legacy-alive/ article2066430/ page3/ ): Betty Fox kept Marathon of Hope pure and Terry Fox’s legacy alive, The Globe and Mail, Friday June 17, 2011 [32] Martin, Obituary: Betty Fox kept Marathon of Hope Pure..., The Globe and Mail, Friday June 17, 2011 [33] Murphy, 2005, p. 34. [34] Scrivener, 2000, p. 118. [35] Scrivener, 2000, p. 123. [36] Coupland, 2005, p. 91. [37] Scrivener, 2000, p. 130. [38] Scrivener, 2000, p. 144. [39] Scrivener, 2000, p. 138. [40] Coupland, 2005, p. 47. [41] Scrivener, 2000, p. 147. [42] Harper, Tim (1980-07-30). "Medical check 'stupid', cancer marathoner scoffs" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=EaMyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=ie4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=980,3731630). Ottawa Citizen: p. 1. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [43] Scrivener, 2000, p. 133. [44] Scrivener, 2000, p. 150. [45] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 153–154.
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[111] "Rod Stewart writes a song for Terry Fox" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=4FsxAAAAIBAJ& sjid=DaUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=5500,1321811). Montreal Gazette: p. 48. 1981-11-13. . Retrieved 2010-03-02. [112] "Terry Fox Hall of Fame" (http:/ / www. canparaplegic. org/ en/ Advocacy_34/ Disability_Organizations_1751/ 18. html). Canadian Paraplegic Association. . Retrieved 2010-04-24. [113] "Dollar coin honours Terry Fox" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ canada/ story/ 2005/ 03/ 14/ terry-fox050314. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2005-03-14. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [114] Fox, Terry National Historic Person (http:/ / www. pc. gc. ca/ apps/ dfhd/ page_nhs_eng. aspx?id=12011). Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Parks Canada. Retrieved 24 July 2012. [115] Bartel, Kate (2010-02-16). "Fox: 'I was there in place of Terry'" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20100430023227/ http:/ / www. bclocalnews. com/ tri_city_maple_ridge/ tricitynews/ news/ 84509327. html). Tri-City News. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. bclocalnews. com/ tri_city_maple_ridge/ tricitynews/ news/ 84509327. html) on April 30, 2010. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [116] "Terry Fox Award to recognize courageous Olympic athlete" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ canada/ british-columbia/ story/ 2009/ 12/ 11/ bc-terry-fox-vancouver-olympic-award. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2009-12-11. . Retrieved 2010-03-19. [117] "More raves than boos for 'Terry Fox Story'" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=6kMwAAAAIBAJ& sjid=QaUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4415,1524323). Montreal Gazette: p. D10. 1983-05-24. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [118] "'People will remember this...'" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=A68yAAAAIBAJ& sjid=6-4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=4635,4356556). Ottawa Citizen: p. 37. 1982-09-20. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [119] McKay, John (2005-09-09). "Terry Fox: A hero's story" (http:/ / www. macleans. ca/ culture/ entertainment/ article. jsp?content=20050912_112057_112059). Macleans Magazine. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [120] Lawson, Michael (1984-03-22). "Terry Fox Story awarded best picture, actor Genies" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=l74yAAAAIBAJ& sjid=S-8FAAAAIBAJ& pg=1697,1159491). Ottawa Citizen: p. 93. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [121] "Nash to make film about Terry Fox" (http:/ / www. canada. com/ vancouversun/ news/ westcoastnews/ story. html?id=006545a4-a2d6-4867-9adf-d60125176f14). Vancouver Sun. 2008-07-12. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [122] "Into the Wind" (http:/ / 30for30. espn. com/ film/ into-the-wind. html). ESPN. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [123] "Run across Canada with Mark" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=EYY0AAAAIBAJ& sjid=7qEFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4860,3621025). Montreal Gazette: p. 4. 1974-09-27. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [124] "Amputee will follow Terry Fox" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=-BciAAAAIBAJ& sjid=kKUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=997,1844598). Montreal Gazette: p. C4. 1984-03-17. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [125] "Fonyo passes spot where Terry Fox abandoned his run" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=GyAyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=q6UFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4381,7052496). Montreal Gazette: p. B1. 1984-11-30. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [126] "14-month Journey for Lives ends today" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=RBgiAAAAIBAJ& sjid=1aUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4673,3845907). Montreal Gazette: p. B1. 1985-05-29. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [127] Kidd, Kenneth (2010-01-31). "Steve Fonyo: Out of Order" (http:/ / www. thestar. com/ news/ insight/ article/ 758227--steve-fonyo-out-of-order). Toronto Star. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [128] "Footprints: Rick Hansen" (http:/ / www. histori. ca/ minutes/ minute. do?id=14214). Historica-Dominion Institute of Canada. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [129] Stallings, Dianne (1985-06-19). "Wheelchair marathoner rolls through on tour of the world" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=XLwMAAAAIBAJ& sjid=smYDAAAAIBAJ& pg=2882,3949717). St. Petersburg Times: p. 1. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [130] "Hansen's heroic feat". Toronto Star: p. A18. 1987-05-22. [131] Kassam, Ashifa (2007-06-09). "Rick Hansen to be inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame" (http:/ / www. thestar. com/ News/ article/ 223493). Toronto Star. . Retrieved 2010-03-03.
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Bibliography • Scrivener, Leslie (2000-09-01). Terry Fox: His Story (http://books.google.com/?id=XG5glHczVt0C). Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-8019-7. • Coupland, Douglas (2005). Terry. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 978-1-55365-113-0. • Murphy, Angela (2005-06-30). Great Canadians (http://books.google.com/?id=y_M3GwAACAAJ). Canada: Folklore Publishing. ISBN 978-1-894864-46-6. • Rak, Julie; Aspa Kotsopoulos (2008-08-01). "Canadian Idols? CBC's The Greatest Canadian as Celebrity History" (http://books.google.com/?id=UIkaWHBUZywC). Programming Reality. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 978-1-55458-010-1.
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External links
• The Terry Fox Foundation (http://www.terryfox.org/) • CBC Digital Archives – Terry Fox 25: Reliving the Marathon of Hope (http://www.cbc.ca/archives/ categories/sports/exploits/terry-fox-25-reliving-the-marathon-of-hope/ topic---terry-fox-25-reliving-the-marathon-of-hope.html) • BC Sports Hall of Fame and Museum (http://www.bcsportshalloffame.com) • The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Courage of Terry Fox (http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/featured/ the-courage-of-terry-fox)
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
Terry Fox Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=522024736 Contributors: 12345pie face man, 123abc0, 149AFK, 23skidoo, 4twenty42o, 7, APT, ASOTMKX, Abberley2, Acroterion, Adam Bishop, Adambro, Aitias, Alai, Alansohn, Alchemist Jack, Ale jrb, Alexf, Alexsautographs, Alias Flood, Allstarecho, Alma Pater, Ameliorate!, Andibrunt, Andonic, Angelo.romano, Anger22, Anna Lincoln, Another Believer, Antesjosh, Antonio Lopez, Apparition87, Arbero, Arch dude, Arctic.gnome, Arda Xi, Argyll Lassie, ArielGold, Arrowhead2006, Artyboy, Assassinator980, Avnjay, Avoided, Ayubccancerbcca, Azumanga1, Bachrach44, Balcer, BarretB, Bart133, Basawala, Bbsrock, Beachie2k, Bearcat, Bearian, Bellagio99, Bellhalla, Ben Denham, Bender235, Bgpaulus, Bib, BlueStarz, Bluerasberry, Bobblehead, Bobet, Bobo192, Bodkin1, Boogie2007, BoojiBoy, Boyboyboy951, BrandonsLe, Brenont, Brett221, Buchanan-Hermit, Bucketsofg, Bueller 007, C777, CJ5112, CLW, CWenger, CWood, Cafe Nervosa, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Canada Jack, CanadianCaesar, Canderson7, Cangus, Canuck85, Caps910, Carabran, Careless hx, Cat6, Cavenba, Cebra, CharlieEchoTango, CharlotteWebb, Chris the speller, Christina Silverman, Christopher Parham, Chun-hian, Clarityfiend, Clayoquot, Closedmouth, Cmacd123, Cmdrjameson, Cmsb705, Codyrizzo23, Cometstyles, CommonsDelinker, ConCompS, Connormah, Conrad.Irwin, Corysakai, Courcelles, Cowscowscows, Cquan, CrazyC83, CryptoDerk, Crystallina, Curps, Cxz111, CyclopsScott, CzarNick, CzechAnada, D, D6, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DDima, DJ Clayworth, DO'Neil, Dabomb87, Dale Arnett, DandyDan2007, DanielCD, Dantheman531, DarkAudit, DarkFalls, Darynthe, Das Nerd, David.Mestel, Davis160, Debresser, Denisarona, DerHexer, Derekwill500, Dfox123, Dger, Dgw, Diannaa, Difu Wu, DisambiguationGuy, Discospinster, Djamieson, Djsasso, Dl2000, Dogposter, Doradus, Dostal, DoubleBlue, Dougz1, DragonflySixtyseven, Drjamesaustin, Duder677, Dweller, E3722, ESkog, Earl Andrew, Earlypsychosis, Edward321, Edwy, Egil, Eliz81, Enwrshan590, EoGuy, Erich Schmidt, EstebanF, Etincelles, Everyking, Exert, Fair Deal, Faker100, Fanatix, Fawcett5, FeanorStar7, Fencer95, Fieldday-sunday, Fiftytwo thirty, Firaga01, Forbin011, Formeruser-81, Foxdarrell, Franamax, Francs2000, Fredrik, Fromthevaults, FrozenPencil, Frymaster, Fvw, Gamahucheur, Gareth Owen, Garethg4, GiantSnowman, Giants2008, Gilliam, Glane23, Glennvogelsang, Gnawre, GoingBatty, GoldKanga, GorillaWarfare, Gpollock, GreatWhiteNortherner, Greeves, Greg Salter, GregAsche, Grmagne, Grstain, Guanaco, Gun4hire, Gurch, Gurchzilla, Gw19, Gökhan, HJ Mitchell, Hailey C. 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File:TerryFoxToronto19800712.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TerryFoxToronto19800712.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Jeremy Gilbert File:Terry Fox Denkmal.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Denkmal.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Original uploader was Hans-Peter Eckhardt at de.wikipedia (Original text : Hans-Peter Eckhardt 17:11, 3. Jun. 2007 (CEST)) File:Marathon of Hope path.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Marathon_of_Hope_path.png License: Public Domain Contributors: Canada_pol99_Grise_Fiord.JPG: derivative work: Resolute (talk) File:Terry Fox memorial, St. John's.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_memorial,_St._John's.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: D. Gordon E. Robertson File:Terry Fox Statue db.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Statue_db.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Alma Pater, Dickbauch, Jkelly, Man vyi, Skeezix1000, Themedpark, Wknight94, Wst, Wutsje, 3 anonymous edits File:Terry Fox Run Milan.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Run_Milan.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Alessio Bragadini from Milan, Italy File:Terry Fox.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Richard Keeling
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1
Terry Fox
Terry Fox
Terry Fox in Toronto during his Marathon of Hope cross-country run (July 1980) Born Terrance Stanley Fox July 28, 1958 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada June 28, 1981 (aged 22) New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada Metastatic osteosarcoma Simon Fraser University Marathon of Hope Companion of the Order of Canada
Died
Cause of death Education Known for Title
Terrance Stanley "Terry" Fox CC OD, (July 28, 1958 – June 28, 1981) was a Canadian humanitarian, athlete, and cancer research activist. In 1980, with one leg having been amputated, he embarked on a cross-Canada run to raise money and awareness for cancer research. Although the spread of his cancer eventually forced him to end his quest after 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi), and ultimately cost him his life, his efforts resulted in a lasting, worldwide legacy. The annual Terry Fox Run, first held in 1981, has grown to involve millions of participants in over 60 countries and is now the world's largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research; over C$500 million has been raised in his name. Fox was a distance runner and basketball player for his Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, high school and Simon Fraser University. His right leg was amputated in 1977 after he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, though he continued to run using an artificial leg. He also played wheelchair basketball in Vancouver, winning three national championships. In 1980, he began the Marathon of Hope, a cross-country run to raise money for cancer research. Fox hoped to raise one dollar for each of Canada's 24 million people. He began with little fanfare from St. John's, Newfoundland, in April and ran the equivalent of a full marathon every day. Fox had become a national star by the time he reached Ontario; he made numerous public appearances with businessmen, athletes, and politicians in his efforts to raise money. He was forced to end his run outside of Thunder Bay when the cancer spread to his lungs. His hopes of overcoming the disease and completing his marathon ended when he died nine months later. Fox was the youngest person ever named a Companion of the Order of Canada. He won the 1980 Lou Marsh Award as the nation's top sportsman and was named Canada's Newsmaker of the Year in both 1980 and 1981. Considered a national hero, he has had many buildings, roads and parks named in his honour across the country.
Terry Fox
2
Early life and cancer
Terry Fox was born on July 28, 1958, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Rolland "Rolly" Fox and Betty Fox. Rolly was a switchman for the Canadian National Railway.[1] Terry had an elder brother, Fred, a younger brother, Darrell and a younger sister, Judith.[2] His family moved to Surrey, British Columbia, in 1966, then settled in Port Coquitlam in 1968.[2] His parents were dedicated to their family, and his mother was especially protective of her children; it was through her that Fox developed his stubborn dedication to whatever task he committed to do.[3] His father recalled that he was extremely competitive, noting that Terry hated to lose so much that he would continue at any activity until he succeeded.[4] He was an enthusiastic athlete, playing soccer, rugby and baseball as a child.[5] His passion was for basketball and though he stood only five feet tall and was a poor player at the time, Fox sought to make his school team in grade eight. His physical education teacher and basketball coach at Mary Hill Junior High School felt he was better suited to be a distance runner and encouraged him to take up the sport. Fox had no desire for cross-country running, but took it up because he respected and wanted to please his coach.[6] He was determined to continue playing basketball, even if he was the last substitute on the team. Fox played only one minute in his grade eight season but dedicated his summers to improving his play. He became a regular player in grade nine and earned a starting position in grade ten.[7] In grade 12, he won his high school's athlete of the year award jointly with his best friend Doug Alward.[2] Though he was initially unsure if he wanted to go to university, Fox's mother convinced him to enrol at Simon Fraser University, where he studied kinesiology as a stepping stone to becoming a physical education teacher.[8] He tried out for the junior varsity basketball team, earning a spot ahead of more talented players due to his determination.[2] On November 12, 1976, as Fox was driving home to Port Coquitlam, he became distracted by nearby bridge construction, and crashed into the back of a pickup truck. While his car was left undriveable, Fox emerged with only a sore right knee. He again felt pain in December, but chose to ignore it until the end of basketball season.[9] By March 1977, the pain had intensified and he finally went to a hospital, where he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, a form of cancer that often starts near the knees.[2] Fox believed his car accident weakened his knee and left it vulnerable to the disease, though his doctors argued there was no connection.[10] He was told that his leg had to be amputated, he would require chemotherapy treatment, and that recent medical advances meant he had a 50 percent chance of survival. Fox learned that two years before the figure would have been only 15 percent; the improvement in survival rates impressed on him the value of cancer research.[11] With the help of an artificial leg, Fox was walking three weeks after the amputation.[2] He then progressed to playing golf with his father.[12] Doctors were impressed with Fox's positive outlook, stating it contributed to his rapid recovery.[13] He endured sixteen months of chemotherapy and found the time he spent in the British Columbia Cancer Control Agency facility difficult as he watched fellow cancer patients suffer and die from the disease.[14] Fox ended his treatment with new purpose: he felt he owed his survival to medical advances and wished to live his life in a way that would help others find courage.[15] In the summer of 1977 Rick Hansen, working with the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, invited Fox to try out for his wheelchair basketball team.[16] Although he was undergoing chemotherapy treatments at the time, Fox's energy impressed Hansen.[2] Less than two months after learning how to play the sport, Fox was named a member of the team for the national championship in Edmonton.[17] He won three national titles with the team,[2] and was named an all-star by the North American Wheelchair Basketball Association in 1980.[18]
Terry Fox
3
Marathon of Hope
The night before his cancer surgery, Fox had been given an article about Dick Traum, the first amputee to complete the New York City Marathon.[2] The article inspired him; he embarked on a 14-month training program, telling his family he planned to compete in a marathon himself.[1] In private, he devised a more extensive plan. His hospital experiences had made Fox angry at how little money was dedicated to cancer research. He intended to run the length of Canada in the hope of increasing cancer awareness, a goal he initially only divulged to his friend Douglas Alward.[19] Fox ran with an unusual gait, as he was required to hop-step on his good leg due to the extra time the springs in his artificial leg required to reset after each step.[20] He found the training painful as the additional pressure he had to place on both his good leg and his stump led to bone bruises, blisters and intense pain. Fox found that after about 20 minutes of each run, he crossed a pain threshold and the run became easier.[21]
Terry Fox statue in Beacon Hill Park, Victoria, British Columbia
In August 1979, Fox competed in a marathon in Prince George, British Columbia. He finished in last place, ten minutes behind his closest competitor, but his effort was met with tears and applause from the other participants.[2] Following the marathon, he revealed his full plan to his family.[22] His mother discouraged him, angering Fox, though she later came to support the project. She recalled, "He said, 'I thought you'd be one of the first persons to believe in me.' And I wasn't. I was the first person who let him down".[23] Fox initially hoped to raise $1 million,[23] then $10 million, but later sought to raise $1 for each of Canada's 24 million people.[24]
Preparation
On October 15, 1979, Fox sent a letter to the Canadian Cancer Society in which he announced his goal and appealed for funding. He stated that he would "conquer" his disability, and promised to complete his run, even if he had to "crawl every last mile". Explaining why he wanted to raise money for research, Fox described his personal experience of cancer treatment: I soon realized that that would only be half my quest, for as I went through the 16 months of the physically and emotionally draining ordeal of chemotherapy, I was rudely awakened by the feelings that surrounded and coursed through the cancer clinic. There were faces with the brave smiles, and the ones who had given up smiling. There were feelings of hopeful denial, and the feelings of despair. My quest would not be a selfish one. I could not leave knowing these faces and feelings would still exist, even though I would be set free from mine. Somewhere the hurting must stop....and I was determined to take myself to the limit for this cause.[25] Fox made no promises that his efforts would lead to a cure for cancer, but he closed his letter with the statement: "We need your help. The people in cancer clinics all over the world need people who believe in miracles. I am not a dreamer, and I am not saying that this will initiate any kind of definitive answer or cure to cancer. I believe in miracles. I have to."[25] The Cancer Society was skeptical of his dedication, but agreed to support Fox once he had acquired sponsors and requested he get a medical certificate from a heart specialist stating that he was fit to attempt the run. Fox was diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy — an enlarged heart — a condition commonly associated with athletes. Doctors warned Fox of the potential risks he faced, though they did not consider his condition a significant concern. They endorsed his participation when he promised that he would stop immediately if he began to experience any heart problems.[26]
Terry Fox A second letter was sent to several corporations seeking donations for a vehicle, running shoes and to cover the other costs of the run.[27] Fox sent other letters asking for grants to buy a running leg. He observed that while he was grateful to be alive following his cancer treatment, "I remember promising myself that, should I live, I would rise up to meet this new challenge [of fundraising for cancer research] face to face and prove myself worthy of life, something too many people take for granted."[27] The Ford Motor Company donated a camper van,[3] while Imperial Oil contributed fuel, and Adidas his running shoes.[28] Fox turned away any company that requested he endorse their products and refused any donation that carried conditions as he insisted that nobody was to profit from his run.[3]
4
Trek across Canada
The Marathon began on April 12, 1980, when Fox dipped his right leg in the Atlantic Ocean near St. John's, Newfoundland, and filled two large bottles with ocean water. He intended to keep one as a souvenir and pour the other into the Pacific Ocean upon completing his journey at Victoria, British Columbia.[24] Fox was supported on his run by Doug Alward, who drove the van and cooked meals.[28] Fox was met with gale force winds, heavy rain and a snowstorm in the first days of his run.[1] He was initially disappointed with the reception he received, but was heartened upon arriving in Port aux Basques, Fox's path across eastern Canada. He began at St. Newfoundland, where the town's 10,000 residents presented him with a John's on the east coast and ran west. donation of over $10,000.[28] Throughout the trip, Fox frequently expressed his anger and frustration to those he saw as impeding the run, and he fought regularly with Alward. By the time they reached Nova Scotia, they were barely on speaking terms, and it was arranged for Fox's brother Darrell, then 17, to join them as a buffer.[23] Fox left the Maritimes on June 10 and faced new challenges entering Quebec due to his group's inability to speak French[29] and drivers who continually forced him off the road.[30] Fox arrived in Montreal on June 22, one-third of the way through his 8,000-kilometre (5,000 mi) journey, having collected over $200,000 in donations.[20] Around this time, Terry Fox's run caught the attention of Isadore Sharp who was the founder and CEO of Four Seasons Hotel and Resorts—and who had lost a son to melanoma in 1978 just a year after Terry's diagnosis.[31] Sharp was intrigued by the story of a one-legged kid "trying to do the impossible" and run across the country; so he offered food and accommodation at his hotels en route. When Terry was discouraged because so few people were making donations, Sharp pledged $2 a mile [to the run] and persuaded close to 1,000 other corporations to do the same.[32] Sharp's encouragement persuaded Terry to continue with the Marathon of Hope. Convinced by the Canadian Cancer Society that arriving in Ottawa for Canada Day would aid fundraising efforts, he remained in Montreal for a few extra days.[30]
Terry Fox
5 Fox crossed into Ontario at the town of Hawkesbury on the last Saturday in June. He was met by a brass band and thousands of residents who lined the streets to cheer him on, while the Ontario Provincial Police gave him an escort throughout the province.[33] Despite the sweltering heat of summer, he continued to run 26 miles (42 km) per day.[29] On his arrival in Ottawa, Fox met Governor General Ed Schreyer and Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and was the guest of honour at numerous sporting events in the city.[33] In front of 16,000 fans, he performed a ceremonial kickoff at a Canadian Football League game and was given a standing ovation. Fox's journal reflected his growing excitement at the reception he had received as he began to understand how deeply moved Canadians were by his efforts.[34]
A crowd of 10,000 people met Fox in Toronto, where he was honoured in Nathan Phillips Square. As he ran to the square, he was joined on the road by many people, including National Hockey League star Darryl Sittler, who presented Fox with his 1980 All-Star Game jersey. The Cancer Society estimated it collected $100,000 in donations that day alone.[2] As he continued through southern Ontario, he was met by Hockey Hall of Famer Bobby Orr who presented him with a cheque for $25,000. Fox considered meeting Orr the highlight of his journey.[2]
Memorial at Mile 0 in St. John's
"Everybody seems to have given up hope of trying. I haven't. It isn't easy and it isn't supposed to be, but I'm accomplishing something. How many people give up a lot to do something good. I'm sure we would have found a cure for cancer 20 years ago if we had really tried" Fox speaking outside of Ottawa
[4]
As Fox's fame grew, the Cancer Society scheduled him to attend more functions and give more speeches.[35] Fox attempted to accommodate any request that he believed would raise money, no matter how far out of his way it took him.[36] He bristled, however, at what he felt were media intrusions into his personal life, for example when the Toronto Star reported that he had gone on a date.[37] Fox was left unsure whom he could trust in the media after negative articles began to emerge, including one by the Globe and Mail that characterized him as a "tyrannical brother" who verbally abused Darrell and claimed he was running because he held a grudge against a doctor who had misdiagnosed his condition, allegations he referred to as "trash".[38] The physical demands of running a marathon every day took its toll on Fox's body. Apart from the rest days in Montreal taken at the request of the Cancer Society, he refused to take a day off, even on his 22nd birthday.[39] He frequently suffered shin splints and an inflamed knee. He developed cysts on his stump and experienced dizzy spells.[40] At one point, he suffered a soreness in his ankle that would not go away. Although he feared he had developed a stress fracture, he ran for three more days before seeking medical attention, and was then relieved to learn it was tendonitis and could be treated with painkillers.[41] Fox rejected calls for him to seek regular medical checkups,[42] and dismissed suggestions he was risking his future health.[38] In spite of his immense recuperative capacity,[43] Fox found that by late August he was exhausted before he began his day's run.[44] On September 1, outside of Thunder Bay, he was forced to stop briefly after he suffered an intense coughing fit and experienced pains in his chest. Unsure what to do, he resumed running as the crowds along the highway shouted out their encouragement.[45] A few miles later, short of breath and with continued chest pain, he asked Alward to drive him to a hospital. He feared immediately that he had run his last kilometer.[46] The next day, Fox held a tearful press conference during which he announced that his cancer had returned and spread to his lungs. He was forced to end his run after 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi).[47] Fox refused offers to complete the run in his stead, stating that he wanted to complete his marathon himself.[2]
Terry Fox
6
National response
Fox had raised $1.7 million by the time he was forced to abandon the Marathon. He realized that the nation was about to see the consequences of the disease, and hoped that this might lead to greater generosity.[48] A week after his run ended, the CTV Television Network organized a nationwide telethon in support of Fox and the Canadian Cancer Society.[49] Supported by Canadian and international celebrities, the five-hour event raised $10.5 million.[2] Among the donations were $1 million each by the governments of British Columbia and Ontario, the former to create a new research institute to be founded in Fox's name, and the latter an endowment given to the Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation.[50] Donations continued throughout the winter, and by the following April, over $23 million had been raised.[51] Supporters and well wishers from around the world inundated Fox with letters and tokens of support. At one point, he was receiving more mail than the rest of Port Coquitlam combined.[52] Such was his fame that one letter addressed simply to "Terry Fox, Canada" was successfully delivered.[53]
Terry Fox statue in Ottawa
In September 1980 he was invested in a special ceremony as a Companion of the Order of Canada; he was the youngest person to be so honoured.[54][55] The Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia named him to the Order of the Dogwood, the province's highest award.[56] Canada's Sports Hall of Fame commissioned a permanent exhibit,[57] and Fox was named the winner of the Lou Marsh Award for 1980 as the nation's top athlete.[58] He was named Canada's 1980 Newsmaker of the Year. The Ottawa Citizen described the national response to his marathon as "one of the most powerful outpourings of emotion and generosity in Canada's history".[59]
Death
In the following months, Fox received multiple chemotherapy treatments; however, the disease continued to spread.[60] As his condition worsened, Canadians hoped for a miracle and Pope John Paul II sent a telegram saying that he was praying for Fox.[61] Doctors turned to experimental interferon treatments, though their effectiveness against osteogenic sarcoma was unknown.[62] He suffered an adverse reaction to his first treatment,[63] but continued the program after a period of rest.[64] Fox was re-admitted to the Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster on June 19, 1981, with chest congestion and developed pneumonia.[65] He fell into a coma and died at 4:35 a.m. PDT on June 28, 1981, with his family by his side.[66][67] The Government of Canada ordered flags across the country lowered to half staff, an unprecedented honour that was usually reserved for statesmen.[68] Addressing the House of Commons, Trudeau said, "It occurs very rarely in the life of a nation that the courageous spirit of one person unites all people in the celebration of his life and in the mourning of his death ... We do not think of him as one who was defeated by misfortune but as one who inspired us with the example of the triumph of the human spirit over adversity".[69] His funeral, attended by 40 relatives and 200 guests,[69] was broadcast on national television; hundreds of communities across Canada also held memorial services,[70] a public memorial service was held on Parliament Hill in Ottawa,[71] and Canadians again overwhelmed Cancer Society offices with donations.[72]
Terry Fox
7
Legacy
Fox remains a prominent figure in Canadian folklore. His determination united the nation; people from all walks of life lent their support to his run and his memory inspires pride in all regions of the country.[73] A 1999 national survey named him as Canada's greatest hero,[74] and he finished second to Tommy Douglas in the 2004 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation program The Greatest Canadian.[75] Fox's heroic status has been attributed to his image as an ordinary person attempting a remarkable and inspirational feat.[76][77] Participants of the 2007 Terry Fox Run in Milan, Others have argued that Fox's greatness derives from his audacious Italy vision, his determined pursuit of his goal, his ability to overcome challenges such as his lack of experience and the very loneliness of his [76][78] venture. As Fox's advocate on The Greatest Canadian, media personality Sook-Yin Lee compared him to a classic hero, Phidippides, the runner who delivered the news of the Battle of Marathon before dying, and asserted that Fox "embodies the most cherished Canadian values: compassion, commitment, perseverance". She highlighted the juxtaposition between his celebrity, brought about by the unforgettable image he created, and his rejection of the trappings of that celebrity.[79] Typically amongst Canadian icons, Fox is an unconventional hero, admired but not without flaws.[80] An obituary in the Canadian Family Physician emphasized his humanity and noted that his anger—at his diagnosis, at press misrepresentations and at those he saw as encroaching on his independence—spoke against ascribing sainthood for Fox, and thus placed his achievements within the reach of all.[76]
Attitudes to disability
Fox expressed a robust attitude to his situation: he refused to regard himself as disabled,[81] and would not allow anyone to pity him, telling a Toronto radio station that he found life more "rewarding and challenging" since he had lost his leg.[76] His feat helped redefine Canadian views of disability and the inclusion of the disabled in society.[82][83] Fox's actions increased the visibility of people with disabilities,[83][84] and in addition influenced the attitudes of those with disabilities, by showing them disability portrayed in a positive light.[83] Rick Hansen commented that the run challenged society to focus on ability rather than disability. "What was perceived as a limitation became a great opportunity. People with disabilities started looking at things differently. They came away with huge pride", he wrote.[85] In contrast, the narrative surrounding Fox has been critiqued as illustrating the media's focus on stereotyped portrayals of the heroic and extraordinary achievements of people with disabilities, rather than more mundane accomplishments.[86][87] Actor Alan Toy noted "Sure, it raised money for cancer research and sure it showed the human capacity for achievement. But a lot of disabled people are made to feel like failures if they haven't done something extraordinary. They may be bankers or factory workers – proof enough of their usefulness to society. Do we have to be 'supercrips' in order to be valid? And if we're not super, are we invalid?"[86] The media's idealization of Fox has also been critiqued for emphasizing an individualistic approach to illness and disability, in which the body is a machine to be mastered, rather than the social model of disability, where societal attitudes and barriers to inclusion play a prominent role in determining who is disabled.[88][89]
Terry Fox
8
Terry Fox Run
One of Fox's earliest supporters was Isadore Sharp, founder of the Four Seasons Hotels. Sharp had lost his own son to cancer and offered Fox and his companions free accommodation at his hotels.[2] He donated $10,000 and challenged 999 other businesses to do the same.[90] Sharp also proposed an annual fundraising run in Fox's name. Fox agreed, but insisted that the runs be non-competitive. There were to be no winners or losers, and anyone who participated could run, walk or ride.[91] Sharp faced opposition to the project. The Cancer Society feared that a fall run would detract from its traditional April campaigns, while other charities believed that an additional fundraiser would leave less money for their causes.[92] Sharp persisted, and he, the Four Seasons Hotels and the Fox family organized the first Terry Fox Run on September 13, 1981.[91] Over 300,000 people took part and raised $3.5 million in the first Terry Fox Run.[90] Schools across Canada were urged to join the second run, held on September 19, 1982.[93] School participation has continued since, evolving into the National School Run Day.[94] The runs, which raised over $20 million in its first six years,[92] grew into an international event as over one million people in 60 countries took part in 1999, raising $15 million that year alone.[95] By the Terry Fox Run's 25th anniversary, more than three million people were taking part annually. Grants from the Terry Fox Foundation, which organizes the runs, have helped Canadian scientists make numerous advances in cancer research.[96] The Terry Fox Run is the world's largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research,[97] and over $500 million has been raised in his name.[98] The 30th Terry Fox Run was held September 19, 2010.[99]
Honours
The physical memorials in Canada named after Fox include:[100] • Approximately 32 roads and streets, including the Terry Fox Courage Highway near Thunder Bay, near where Fox ended his run and where an oversized statue of him was erected as a monument;[101] • 14 schools, including a new school in a suburb of Montreal that was renamed Terry Fox Elementary School shortly after he died,[102] and the Port Coquitlam high school, from which he had graduated, which was renamed Terry Fox Secondary School on 18 January 1986;[103]
• 14 other buildings, including many athletic centres and the Terry Fox Research Institute in Vancouver; • Seven statues, including the Terry Fox Monument in Ottawa, which was the genesis of The Path of Heroes, a federal government initiative that seeks to honour the people that shaped the nation;[104]
Memorial erected outside of Thunder Bay on the Trans Canada Highway near the spot where Fox was forced to end his marathon.
• nine fitness trails; • A previously unnamed mountain in the Canadian Rockies in the Selwyn range, which was named Mount Terry Fox by the government of British Columbia;[105] the area around it is now known as Mount Terry Fox Provincial Park; • The "Terry Fox Fountain of Hope" was installed in 1982 on the historic grounds of Rideau Hall, the official residence of the Governor General of Canada;[106] • The Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker CCGS Terry Fox, which was commissioned in 1983; and[107] • In 2011, a series of bronze sculptures of Fox in motion, designed by author Douglas Coupland and depicting Fox running toward the Pacific Ocean, was unveiled outside of BC Place in downtown Vancouver.[108] Shortly after his death, Fox was named the Newsmaker of the Year for 1981,[109] and Canada Post announced the production of a commemorative stamp in 1981, bypassing its traditionally held position that stamps honouring people should not be created until ten years after their deaths.[110] British rock star Rod Stewart was so moved by the
Terry Fox Marathon of Hope that he was inspired to write and dedicate the song "Never Give Up on a Dream" — found on his 1981 album Tonight I'm Yours — to Fox. Stewart also called his 1981–1982 tour of Canada the "Terry Fox Tour".[111] The Terry Fox Hall of Fame was established in 1994 to recognize individuals that have made contributions that improved the quality of life of disabled people.[104][112] The Terry Fox Laboratory research centre was established in Vancouver to conduct leading edge research into the causes and potential cures for cancer. The Royal Canadian Mint produced a special dollar coin in 2005 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marathon of Hope. It was their first regular circulation coin to feature a Canadian.[113] In 2008, Terry Fox was named a National Historic Person of Canada, a recognition given by the Canadian government to those persons who are considered to have played a nationally significant role in the history of the country. Fox's designation was due to his status as an "enduring icon", his personal qualities, and for the manner in which the Marathon of Hope had captivated the country and resonated deeply with Canadians.[114] Fox's mother, Betty Fox, was one of eight people to carry the Olympic Flag into BC Place Stadium at the opening ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.[115] The games saw the Terry Fox Award bestowed on Olympic athletes who embodied Fox's characteristics of determination and humility in the face of adversity.[116]
9
Films
Fox's story was dramatized in the 1983 biopic The Terry Fox Story. Produced by Home Box Office, the film aired as a television movie in the United States and had a theatrical run in Canada.[117] The film starred amputee actor Eric Fryer and Robert Duvall, and was the first film made exclusively for pay television.[118] The movie received mixed but generally positive reviews.[117] However, it was criticized by Fox's family over how it portrayed his temper.[119] The Terry Fox Story was nominated for eight Genie Awards, and won five, including Best Picture and Best Actor.[120] A second movie, titled Terry, focused on the Marathon of Hope, was produced by the CTV Television Network in 2005. Fox was portrayed by Shawn Ashmore. He is not an amputee; digital editing was used to superimpose a prosthesis over his real leg. The film was endorsed by Fox's family, and portrayed his attitude more positively than the first movie.[119] Canadian National Basketball Association star Steve Nash, who himself was inspired by Fox when he was a child, directed a 2010 documentary Into the Wind, which aired on ESPN as part of its 30 for 30 series.[121][122]
Steve Fonyo and Rick Hansen
Terry Fox was not the first person to attempt to run across Canada. Mark Kent crossed the country in 1974 as he raised money for the Canadian team at the 1976 Summer Olympics.[1][123] While he lived, Fox refused to let anyone else complete the Marathon of Hope, having promised to finish it himself once he recovered.[91] Steve Fonyo, an 18-year-old who suffered from the same form of cancer and who also had a leg amputated, sought in 1984 to duplicate Fox's run, calling his effort the "Journey for Lives".[124] After leaving St. John's on March 31, Fonyo reached the point where Fox was forced to end his marathon at the end of November,[125] and completed the transcontinental run on May 29, 1985.[126] The Journey for Lives raised over $13 million for cancer research.[127] Canadian Paralympic athlete Rick Hansen, who had recruited Fox to play on his wheelchair basketball team in 1977, was similarly inspired by the Marathon of Hope.[128] Hansen, who first considered circumnavigating the globe in his wheelchair in 1974, began the Man in Motion World Tour in 1985 with the goal of raising $10 million towards research into spinal cord injuries.[129] As Fonyo had, Hansen paused at the spot Fox's run ended to honour the late runner.[101] Hansen completed his world tour in May 1987 after 792 days and 40,073 kilometres (24,900 mi);[130] he travelled through 34 countries and raised over $26 million.[131]
Terry Fox
10
References
Footnotes
[1] Scrivener, Leslie (1980-04-28). "Terry's running for the cancer society" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=kBQyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=aaQFAAAAIBAJ& pg=1162,4206618). Montreal Gazette: p. 21. . Retrieved 2010-02-25. [2] "The Greatest Canadian: Terry Fox" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080704121456/ http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ greatest/ top_ten/ nominee/ fox-terry. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ greatest/ top_ten/ nominee/ fox-terry. html) on July 4, 2008. . Retrieved 2010-02-25. [3] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 13–14. [4] Inwood, Damian (2005-09-18). "Terry Fox: 25 years; Celebrating his dream: a 12-page special section honouring the 25th Annual Terry Fox Run". Vancouver Province. [5] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 16–17. [6] Scrivener, 2000, p. 18. [7] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 19–20. [8] Scrivener, 2000, p. 23. [9] Scrivener, 2000, p. 25. [10] Scrivener, 2000, p. 27. [11] Scrivener, 2000, p. 30. [12] Scrivener, 2000, p. 36. [13] Scrivener, 2000, p. 35. [14] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 37–38. [15] Scrivener, 2000, p. 41. [16] Edwards, Peter (1987-01-03). "Man in Motion set to honour pal Terry Fox". Toronto Star: p. A13. [17] Scrivener, 2000, p. 45. [18] Scrivener, 2000, p. 47. [19] Scrivener, 2000, p. 58. [20] "Runner wants to cross nation on one leg" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=2FQ0AAAAIBAJ& sjid=abkFAAAAIBAJ& pg=3901,1065955). Montreal Gazette: p. 1. 1980-06-23. . Retrieved 2010-02-26. [21] Scrivener, 2000, p. 57. [22] Coupland, 2005, p. 29. [23] MacQueen, Ken (2005-04-04). "25th anniversary of Terry Fox's Marathon of Hope" (http:/ / www. canadianencyclopedia. ca/ index. cfm?PgNm=TCE& Params=M1ARTM0012749). Macleans Magazine (Historica-Dominion Institute of Canada). . Retrieved 2010-03-20. [24] "Terry Fox's legacy of hope" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ news/ background/ fox_terry/ ). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2006-06-27. . Retrieved 2010-02-25. [25] Cosentino, Frank (1990). Not bad, eh?: great moments in Canadian sports history (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=5AagweEwvVgC). General Store Publishing House. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-0-919431-29-4. . [26] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 69–70. [27] Scrivener, 2000, p. 63. [28] Murphy, 2005, p. 33. [29] Scrivener, 2000, p. 232. [30] Scrivener, 2000, p. 97. [31] Sandra Martin, Obituary (http:/ / www. theglobeandmail. com/ news/ national/ betty-fox-kept-marathon-of-hope-pure-and-terry-foxs-legacy-alive/ article2066430/ page3/ ): Betty Fox kept Marathon of Hope pure and Terry Fox’s legacy alive, The Globe and Mail, Friday June 17, 2011 [32] Martin, Obituary: Betty Fox kept Marathon of Hope Pure..., The Globe and Mail, Friday June 17, 2011 [33] Murphy, 2005, p. 34. [34] Scrivener, 2000, p. 118. [35] Scrivener, 2000, p. 123. [36] Coupland, 2005, p. 91. [37] Scrivener, 2000, p. 130. [38] Scrivener, 2000, p. 144. [39] Scrivener, 2000, p. 138. [40] Coupland, 2005, p. 47. [41] Scrivener, 2000, p. 147. [42] Harper, Tim (1980-07-30). "Medical check 'stupid', cancer marathoner scoffs" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=EaMyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=ie4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=980,3731630). Ottawa Citizen: p. 1. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [43] Scrivener, 2000, p. 133. [44] Scrivener, 2000, p. 150. [45] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 153–154.
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[46] Scrivener, 2000, p. 155. [47] "Terry Fox's legacy of hope" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ news/ background/ fox_terry/ ). CBC News Online: p. 1. 2006-06-27. . Retrieved 2010-06-16. [48] Scrivener, 2000, p. 163. [49] "TV show raises $9 million for cancer" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=vTMyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=qaQFAAAAIBAJ& pg=2345,3013106). Montreal Gazette: p. 1. 1980-09-08. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [50] Scrivener, 2000, p. 168. [51] "Fox's dream raised $23.4 million" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=-CMiAAAAIBAJ& sjid=-IcFAAAAIBAJ& pg=1251,3421230). Tri-City Herald: p. 44. 1981-04-12. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [52] "Terry Fox receives mountains of mail" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=a9AyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=ZO4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=5134,2930871). Ottawa Citizen: p. 8. 1980-12-24. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [53] "Fan mail: To 'Terry Fox, Canada'" (http:/ / news. google. com/ newspapers?nid=1338& dat=19801226& id=zwZMAAAAIBAJ& sjid=Q_kDAAAAIBAJ& pg=6280,3430076). Spokane Daily Chronicle: p. 6. 1980-12-26. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [54] "Canada Honors One-legged Cancer Runner" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=i7MSAAAAIBAJ& sjid=QvkDAAAAIBAJ& pg=3462,5760689& dq=terry+ fox+ order+ of+ canada+ highest+ civilian& hl=en). Spokane Daily Chronicle. September 20, 1980. . Retrieved 20 September 2010. [55] "Terry Fox to get Order of Canada" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=eZckAAAAIBAJ& sjid=raQFAAAAIBAJ& pg=1331,3019823). Montreal Gazette: p. 1. 1980-09-16. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [56] "B. C. will give award to native son Terry Fox" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=1VsxAAAAIBAJ& sjid=p6QFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4605,3592810). Montreal Gazette: p. 28. 1980-10-18. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [57] "Runner gets award" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=BvQjAAAAIBAJ& sjid=WO4DAAAAIBAJ& pg=4464,3383307). Spokane Spokesman-Review: p. B4. 1981-02-08. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [58] "Courageous Terry Fox captures Lou Marsh Award" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=OAciAAAAIBAJ& sjid=u6QFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4842,3290988). Montreal Gazette: p. 57. 1980-12-18. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [59] MacQueen, Ken (1980-12-29). "Terry Fox: His run taught Canadians to hope" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=bdAyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=ZO4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=6826,207028). Ottawa Citizen: p. 42. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [60] "Fox's cancer spreads" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=lgUiAAAAIBAJ& sjid=xKQFAAAAIBAJ& pg=6092,3261447). Montreal Gazette: p. 1. 1981-01-29. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [61] "Pope prays for cancer victim" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=9OchAAAAIBAJ& sjid=82cEAAAAIBAJ& pg=6555,3616902). Sarasota Herald-Tribune: p. 8A. 1981-03-07. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [62] Scrivener, 2000, p. 176. [63] "Guard patrols Terry's room" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=V-4yAAAAIBAJ& sjid=V-4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=5396,3500932). Ottawa Citizen: p. 8. 1981-02-23. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [64] "Fox 'not doing too well,' feeling more pain: doctor" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=f6MyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=3u4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=4330,586883). Ottawa Citizen: p. 8. 1981-06-23. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [65] "Fox's condition worsens" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=OocfAAAAIBAJ& sjid=FdIEAAAAIBAJ& pg=2649,5580957). Daytona Beach Morning Journal: p. 8B. 1981-06-23. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [66] "Terry Fox dies" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=hKMyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=3u4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=1468,4697989). Ottawa Citizen: p. 1. 1981-06-29. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [67] CBC Archive Film (http:/ / archives. cbc. ca/ on_this_day/ 06/ 28/ ) [68] "Fox succumbs to cancer" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=L-gLAAAAIBAJ& sjid=clkDAAAAIBAJ& pg=7145,4492919). St. Petersburg Evening Independent: p. 2C. 1981-06-29. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [69] Scrivener, 2000, p. 182. [70] "Canada televises funeral of young cancer victim" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 1981/ 07/ 03/ world/ around-the-world-canada-televises-funeral-of-young-cancer-victim. html). New York Times. 1981-07-03. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [71] "Memorial service slated for Hill" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=haMyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=3u4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=2420,5162646). Ottawa Citizen: p. 8. 1981-06-30. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [72] "Phones 'ringing off wall' pledging cancer donations" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=haMyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=3u4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=928,5160380). Ottawa Citizen: p. 8. 1981-06-30. . Retrieved 2010-02-28. [73] Coupland, Douglas (2004-07-05). "Canada's true hero". Macleans Magazine: 58–63. ISSN 0024-9262. [74] "About Terry Fox" (http:/ / www. sfu. ca/ terryfox/ about. html). Simon Fraser University. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [75] "The Greatest Canadian" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080801091041/ http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ greatest/ ). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ greatest/ ) on August 1, 2008. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [76] McCaffery, Margaret; Murray, Terry (August 1981). "Terry Fox: Heroes Aren't Saints". Canadian Family Physician 27: 1184–1186. PMC 2306103. PMID 21289776. [77] Rak, 2008, p. 62. [78] Jubas, Kaela; Jubas, K. (2006). "Theorizing Gender in Contemporary Canadian Citizenship: Lessons Learned from the CBC's "Greatest Canadian" Contest" (http:/ / www. csse. ca/ CJE/ KMS/ Nov8Jubas. pdf). Canadian Journal of Education 29 (2): 563–583. doi:10.2307/20054177. .
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"Marathon of Hope" (http:/ / www. terryfox. org/ Foundation/ The_Marathon_of_Hope. html). The Terry Fox Foundation. . Retrieved 2010-03-01. [91] Scrivener, 2000, p. 187. [92] Scrivener, Terry (1987-09-13). "A millionaire keeps Terry's memory alive". Toronto Star: p. D1. [93] "Join Fox run, schools urged" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=EQowAAAAIBAJ& sjid=AqUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=1975,3873773). Montreal Gazette: p. A11. 1982-08-17. . Retrieved 2010-03-01. [94] "Terry Fox Run – Largest event in Canadian history" (http:/ / www. opsba. org/ index. php?q=news/ terry_fox_run_largest_event_in_canadian_history). Ontario Public School Boards Association. 2005-03-01. . Retrieved 2010-03-01. [95] "Terry Fox's memory, goal live on" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ canada/ story/ 1999/ 09/ 19/ foxrun990919. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 1999-09-19. . Retrieved 2010-03-01. [96] "Canadians celebrate the life of Terry Fox" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ canada/ story/ 2005/ 09/ 17/ Fox_2520050917. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2005-09-17. . Retrieved 2010-03-01. [97] El Shammaa, Dina (2010-02-17). "Terry Fox 'never gave up and had positive attitude'" (http:/ / gulfnews. com/ news/ gulf/ uae/ health/ terry-fox-never-gave-up-and-had-positive-attitude-1. 584178). Gulf News. . Retrieved 2010-03-07. [98] "Mission statement & history" (http:/ / www. terryfox. org/ Foundation/ The_Terry_Fox_Foundation. html). The Terry Fox Foundation. . Retrieved 2010-03-01. [99] Gamble, Susan. "Organizers launch promotion of Terry Fox Run on Saturday" (http:/ / www. brantfordexpositor. ca/ ArticleDisplay. aspx?e=1693638). Brantford Expositor. . Retrieved 2010-03-01. [100] Scrivener, Leslie (2010-04-11). "How Terry Fox changed Canada" (http:/ / www. thestar. com/ news/ canada/ article/ 793452--how-terry-fox-changed-canada). Toronto Star. . Retrieved 2010-04-20. [101] Wilkes, Jim (1987-01-05). "Hansen stops to honor Terry's dream of hope". Toronto Star: p. A2. [102] "Terry Fox 'better name' for school than Fathers" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=Qo0kAAAAIBAJ& sjid=bLkFAAAAIBAJ& pg=1180,1867787). Montreal Gazette: p. 3. 1981-11-06. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [103] "The Terry Fox story" (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5o4OymYFe) (PDF). Terry Fox Secondary School. Archived from the original (http:/ / public. sd43. bc. ca/ secondary/ terryfox/ about_us/ General Info Documents/ The Terry Fox Story. pdf) on 2010-03-08. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [104] "Facts" (http:/ / www. terryfox. org/ Foundation/ Facts. html). The Terry Fox Foundation. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [105] "Mountain in Rockies named for Terry Fox" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=eaMyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=3O4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=4905,2432798). Ottawa Citizen: p. 16. 1981-07-07. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [106] Howell, Elizabeth (11 May 2012). "Rideau Hall grounds to get $2.5M facelift" (http:/ / www. obj. ca/ Real-Estate/ Construction/ 2012-05-11/ article-2976604/ Rideau-Hall-grounds-to-get-$2. 5M-facelift/ 1). Ottawa Business Journal. . Retrieved 24 July 2012. [107] "CGCS Terry Fox" (http:/ / www. ccg-gcc. gc. ca/ eng/ Fleet/ Vessels?id=982& info=1). Fisheries and Oceans Canada. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [108] "New Terry Fox memorial unveiled in Vancouver" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ news/ canada/ british-columbia/ story/ 2011/ 09/ 16/ bc-terry-fox-memorial. html). CBC News. 2011-09-16. . Retrieved 16 September 2011. [109] "Poll again names Fox Canadian of the Year". Montreal Gazette: p. 13. 1981-12-18. [110] Krebs, Albin; Thomas, Robert (1981-06-27). "Canada finds way to honor Terry Fox with a Stamp" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 1981/ 06/ 27/ nyregion/ notes-on-people-176204. html). New York Times. . Retrieved 2010-03-02.
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[111] "Rod Stewart writes a song for Terry Fox" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=4FsxAAAAIBAJ& sjid=DaUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=5500,1321811). Montreal Gazette: p. 48. 1981-11-13. . Retrieved 2010-03-02. [112] "Terry Fox Hall of Fame" (http:/ / www. canparaplegic. org/ en/ Advocacy_34/ Disability_Organizations_1751/ 18. html). Canadian Paraplegic Association. . Retrieved 2010-04-24. [113] "Dollar coin honours Terry Fox" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ canada/ story/ 2005/ 03/ 14/ terry-fox050314. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2005-03-14. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [114] Fox, Terry National Historic Person (http:/ / www. pc. gc. ca/ apps/ dfhd/ page_nhs_eng. aspx?id=12011). Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Parks Canada. Retrieved 24 July 2012. [115] Bartel, Kate (2010-02-16). "Fox: 'I was there in place of Terry'" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20100430023227/ http:/ / www. bclocalnews. com/ tri_city_maple_ridge/ tricitynews/ news/ 84509327. html). Tri-City News. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. bclocalnews. com/ tri_city_maple_ridge/ tricitynews/ news/ 84509327. html) on April 30, 2010. . Retrieved 2010-03-05. [116] "Terry Fox Award to recognize courageous Olympic athlete" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ canada/ british-columbia/ story/ 2009/ 12/ 11/ bc-terry-fox-vancouver-olympic-award. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2009-12-11. . Retrieved 2010-03-19. [117] "More raves than boos for 'Terry Fox Story'" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=6kMwAAAAIBAJ& sjid=QaUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4415,1524323). Montreal Gazette: p. D10. 1983-05-24. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [118] "'People will remember this...'" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=A68yAAAAIBAJ& sjid=6-4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=4635,4356556). Ottawa Citizen: p. 37. 1982-09-20. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [119] McKay, John (2005-09-09). "Terry Fox: A hero's story" (http:/ / www. macleans. ca/ culture/ entertainment/ article. jsp?content=20050912_112057_112059). Macleans Magazine. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [120] Lawson, Michael (1984-03-22). "Terry Fox Story awarded best picture, actor Genies" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=l74yAAAAIBAJ& sjid=S-8FAAAAIBAJ& pg=1697,1159491). Ottawa Citizen: p. 93. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [121] "Nash to make film about Terry Fox" (http:/ / www. canada. com/ vancouversun/ news/ westcoastnews/ story. html?id=006545a4-a2d6-4867-9adf-d60125176f14). Vancouver Sun. 2008-07-12. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [122] "Into the Wind" (http:/ / 30for30. espn. com/ film/ into-the-wind. html). ESPN. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [123] "Run across Canada with Mark" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=EYY0AAAAIBAJ& sjid=7qEFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4860,3621025). Montreal Gazette: p. 4. 1974-09-27. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [124] "Amputee will follow Terry Fox" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=-BciAAAAIBAJ& sjid=kKUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=997,1844598). Montreal Gazette: p. C4. 1984-03-17. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [125] "Fonyo passes spot where Terry Fox abandoned his run" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=GyAyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=q6UFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4381,7052496). Montreal Gazette: p. B1. 1984-11-30. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [126] "14-month Journey for Lives ends today" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=RBgiAAAAIBAJ& sjid=1aUFAAAAIBAJ& pg=4673,3845907). Montreal Gazette: p. B1. 1985-05-29. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [127] Kidd, Kenneth (2010-01-31). "Steve Fonyo: Out of Order" (http:/ / www. thestar. com/ news/ insight/ article/ 758227--steve-fonyo-out-of-order). Toronto Star. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [128] "Footprints: Rick Hansen" (http:/ / www. histori. ca/ minutes/ minute. do?id=14214). Historica-Dominion Institute of Canada. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [129] Stallings, Dianne (1985-06-19). "Wheelchair marathoner rolls through on tour of the world" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=XLwMAAAAIBAJ& sjid=smYDAAAAIBAJ& pg=2882,3949717). St. Petersburg Times: p. 1. . Retrieved 2010-03-03. [130] "Hansen's heroic feat". Toronto Star: p. A18. 1987-05-22. [131] Kassam, Ashifa (2007-06-09). "Rick Hansen to be inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame" (http:/ / www. thestar. com/ News/ article/ 223493). Toronto Star. . Retrieved 2010-03-03.
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Bibliography • Scrivener, Leslie (2000-09-01). Terry Fox: His Story (http://books.google.com/?id=XG5glHczVt0C). Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-8019-7. • Coupland, Douglas (2005). Terry. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 978-1-55365-113-0. • Murphy, Angela (2005-06-30). Great Canadians (http://books.google.com/?id=y_M3GwAACAAJ). Canada: Folklore Publishing. ISBN 978-1-894864-46-6. • Rak, Julie; Aspa Kotsopoulos (2008-08-01). "Canadian Idols? CBC's The Greatest Canadian as Celebrity History" (http://books.google.com/?id=UIkaWHBUZywC). Programming Reality. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 978-1-55458-010-1.
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External links
• The Terry Fox Foundation (http://www.terryfox.org/) • CBC Digital Archives – Terry Fox 25: Reliving the Marathon of Hope (http://www.cbc.ca/archives/ categories/sports/exploits/terry-fox-25-reliving-the-marathon-of-hope/ topic---terry-fox-25-reliving-the-marathon-of-hope.html) • BC Sports Hall of Fame and Museum (http://www.bcsportshalloffame.com) • The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Courage of Terry Fox (http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/featured/ the-courage-of-terry-fox)
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
Terry Fox Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=522024736 Contributors: 12345pie face man, 123abc0, 149AFK, 23skidoo, 4twenty42o, 7, APT, ASOTMKX, Abberley2, Acroterion, Adam Bishop, Adambro, Aitias, Alai, Alansohn, Alchemist Jack, Ale jrb, Alexf, Alexsautographs, Alias Flood, Allstarecho, Alma Pater, Ameliorate!, Andibrunt, Andonic, Angelo.romano, Anger22, Anna Lincoln, Another Believer, Antesjosh, Antonio Lopez, Apparition87, Arbero, Arch dude, Arctic.gnome, Arda Xi, Argyll Lassie, ArielGold, Arrowhead2006, Artyboy, Assassinator980, Avnjay, Avoided, Ayubccancerbcca, Azumanga1, Bachrach44, Balcer, BarretB, Bart133, Basawala, Bbsrock, Beachie2k, Bearcat, Bearian, Bellagio99, Bellhalla, Ben Denham, Bender235, Bgpaulus, Bib, BlueStarz, Bluerasberry, Bobblehead, Bobet, Bobo192, Bodkin1, Boogie2007, BoojiBoy, Boyboyboy951, BrandonsLe, Brenont, Brett221, Buchanan-Hermit, Bucketsofg, Bueller 007, C777, CJ5112, CLW, CWenger, CWood, Cafe Nervosa, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Canada Jack, CanadianCaesar, Canderson7, Cangus, Canuck85, Caps910, Carabran, Careless hx, Cat6, Cavenba, Cebra, CharlieEchoTango, CharlotteWebb, Chris the speller, Christina Silverman, Christopher Parham, Chun-hian, Clarityfiend, Clayoquot, Closedmouth, Cmacd123, Cmdrjameson, Cmsb705, Codyrizzo23, Cometstyles, CommonsDelinker, ConCompS, Connormah, Conrad.Irwin, Corysakai, Courcelles, Cowscowscows, Cquan, CrazyC83, CryptoDerk, Crystallina, Curps, Cxz111, CyclopsScott, CzarNick, CzechAnada, D, D6, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DDima, DJ Clayworth, DO'Neil, Dabomb87, Dale Arnett, DandyDan2007, DanielCD, Dantheman531, DarkAudit, DarkFalls, Darynthe, Das Nerd, David.Mestel, Davis160, Debresser, Denisarona, DerHexer, Derekwill500, Dfox123, Dger, Dgw, Diannaa, Difu Wu, DisambiguationGuy, Discospinster, Djamieson, Djsasso, Dl2000, Dogposter, Doradus, Dostal, DoubleBlue, Dougz1, DragonflySixtyseven, Drjamesaustin, Duder677, Dweller, E3722, ESkog, Earl Andrew, Earlypsychosis, Edward321, Edwy, Egil, Eliz81, Enwrshan590, EoGuy, Erich Schmidt, EstebanF, Etincelles, Everyking, Exert, Fair Deal, Faker100, Fanatix, Fawcett5, FeanorStar7, Fencer95, Fieldday-sunday, Fiftytwo thirty, Firaga01, Forbin011, Formeruser-81, Foxdarrell, Franamax, Francs2000, Fredrik, Fromthevaults, FrozenPencil, Frymaster, Fvw, Gamahucheur, Gareth Owen, Garethg4, GiantSnowman, Giants2008, Gilliam, Glane23, Glennvogelsang, Gnawre, GoingBatty, GoldKanga, GorillaWarfare, Gpollock, GreatWhiteNortherner, Greeves, Greg Salter, GregAsche, Grmagne, Grstain, Guanaco, Gun4hire, Gurch, Gurchzilla, Gw19, Gökhan, HJ Mitchell, Hailey C. Shannon, HalfShadow, HamburgerRadio, HandsomeFella, Hanfuzzy, Harmil, Harperbruce, Hawaiian717, Headbomb, Helpihaveh1n1, Helplessstar88207, Hobartimus, Homie333, Hu12, Husond, IGeMiNix, Indefatigable, Interchangeable, Interested2, Iridescent, IronGargoyle, Islander, Iuio, Iune, J2xshandy, JDH73, JDP90, JForget, JNW, JSpung, James086, Jarkko101, Jarkko102, Jaxl, JayJasper, Jaysweet, Jcbarr, Jcmurphy, Jeff G., Jeffnewfeld, Jeffrey O. Gustafson, Jere123 9, Jfdwolff, Jim Douglas, Jni, JoaoRicardo, Joelcanski, Joenad, Johann Wolfgang, John254, Johnunit, JonKayNine, Jonathan.s.kt, Jossi, Jrfoldes, Jsnidal, Julesd, Juliancolton, Jusdafax, Justinbieber87, JzG, Kablammo, Kagome 85, Kaldari, Karanacs, Katalaveno, Kbdank71, Kchishol1970, Keka4311, Kelisi, Kenneth M Burke, Kevbo1980, Khazar, Khukri, Király-Seth, Kitch, Kmsiever, Koavf, Komitsuki, Kungfuadam, Kuru, Kwiki, Kyng, L Kensington, LaMenta3, Lady Aleena, Lainyg, Lankiveil, Legendex, Leoboudv, Leodeangeli, Levent, Liempt, Lilncb, Llorando, Lukum35, Lyoko is Cool, Lyricmac, M-A92, M.S.K., MK2, MPerel, Madchester, Magister Mathematicae, Magog the Ogre, Makeemlighter, Making observations, Malcolm, Maniple1962, Maple Leaf, Marek69, Markaci, Martial75, Martin451, Marysunshine, Mastrchf91, Mav, Max182, Mayumashu, Mdsakid43, Me, Myself, and I, Meatspiner, Mechanical digger, Megalodon99, Melicans, Melsaran, Men at Work Fan 2009, Mertozoro, Miesianiacal, Mike Rosoft, Mike1024, Mikemoral, Mikeweinerdog, Miller17CU94, Miltonhowe, Mindmatrix, Mindspillage, Misza13, Mjpieters, Mlpearc, Moaraj, Modulatum, Moe Epsilon, MonkeyFromPwnWorld, Montrealais, Moogwrench, Mouse Nightshirt, Moxy, MrDolomite, MrSomeone, Mschel, Myanw, Myhouserox123, N-Man, ND Conservative, Nada anis, Natl1, NawlinWiki, NeilN, Neokamek, Netoholic, Nev1, NewEnglandYankee, Neyland44, Nezzadar, Nhl hockey [email protected], Nickptar, Nikkimaria, Niloc, Niteowlneils, NoSeptember, Noctibus, NorthernThunder, Nsaa, Ntb613, Oculi, OhanaUnited, Ohconfucius, Okki, OnePt618, Onorem, Open2universe, Otwaystreet, Outback the koala, Outriggr, OwenX, Oxymoron83, PFHLai, Paladin5555, Paul August, Peaceduck, Pearle, Peregrine981, Peter Horn, Pgk, PhilKnight, Philip Trueman, Phoenix2, Phoenix58, Photo.guy4god, Phuzion, Piast93, Piledhigheranddeeper, Pilotguy, PinchasC, Pollinator, Pr1268, Psy guy, Que-Can, Quizimodo (usurped), Qyd, RFBailey, Radagast, Radagast83, Radon210, Rama's Arrow, RandomAct, RandomStringOfCharacters, Raptor-DP, RattusMaximus, Rbanzai, Rcf221, Rdelrossi, Rdsmith4, Reach Out to the Truth, Red dwarf, RedWolf, Regancy42, Res2216firestar, Resolute, Retired username, Reywas92, Rich Farmbrough, Ritchy, Rjd0060, Rjwilmsi, Rkr1991, Rob McAlear, RobertG, Robin klein, Rodney Boyd, Ronhjones, Rooster202, Rory096, RoyBoy, Royalguard11, Rrburke, S067143496, SD6-Agent, SNIyer12, ST47, Saforrest, Salmar, Sam Korn, Samantha-lyn, Samnotwil, Samuell, SandyGeorgia, Saphfire26, Scanadiense, Scanlan, ScarletMoon7, Scetoaux, Scorpion0422, ScottyBerg, Scoutersig, Scwlong, Seal Clubber, Seraphchoir, Seraphim, Shadowboy667, Shanel, Shayrox, Shirik, Shoman93, SidP, Sifancy, SimonMayer, SimonP, Simonxag, Skeezix1000, Slakr, Slayerteez, Slon02, Slp1, Snigbrook, Snowdrop44, Some jerk on the Internet, Sophus Bie, Soxrock, Spamalam, Spellmaster, Spongebbob, Sprocket, Stanislav87, Steve2011, Stratshaw, Sun Creator, Suncloud, Sunray, T.J.V., TRaDiNgYo, Tabledhote, Tagishsimon, Tbhotch, Tbone55, Ted Wilkes, Thavron, The Interior, The Man in Question, The PIPE, The Random Editor, The Thing That Should Not Be, The Wordsmith, The sock that should not be, The wub, TheCatalyst31, TheDJ, TheRanger, TheTrainEnthusiast, Theda, Thehelpfulone, Themepark, Thisisborin9, Thundercock101, Tiddly Tom, Tide rolls, TigerShark, Tim1357, Titoxd, Tizzy2390, Tobsterz58, Tom harrison, Tommy2010, Tony1, TotoBaggins, TransUtopian, Tresiden, Trevor MacInnis, Trevor.egles, Tylernickel5, U.S.A.U.S.A.U.S.A., Ucucha, UnDeRsCoRe, Uncle Dick, Uncle.bungle, Ur-name-here, Ushwyn&mo, Utcursch, Valid 09, VandalCruncher, Varlaam, Vermilion River, Victoriaedwards, Vidioman, Vonbontee, Vrenator, Vzbs34, WLU, Wafulz, Waggers, Wakemp, Wayne Slam, Westendgirl, WhisperToMe, Wiki2go, Wikipelli, Wknight94, WolfmanSF, Woodsstock, Woohookitty, X96lee15, Xcalizorz, Xnuala, Y5nthon5a, YUL89YYZ, Yamamoto Ichiro, Yianmonb, Yominashi, Zaf, Zanimum, Zishanallibhai, Zntrip, Zone46, ^demon, °, Δ, 1997 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:TerryFoxToronto19800712.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TerryFoxToronto19800712.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Jeremy Gilbert File:Terry Fox Denkmal.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Denkmal.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Original uploader was Hans-Peter Eckhardt at de.wikipedia (Original text : Hans-Peter Eckhardt 17:11, 3. Jun. 2007 (CEST)) File:Marathon of Hope path.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Marathon_of_Hope_path.png License: Public Domain Contributors: Canada_pol99_Grise_Fiord.JPG: derivative work: Resolute (talk) File:Terry Fox memorial, St. John's.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_memorial,_St._John's.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: D. Gordon E. Robertson File:Terry Fox Statue db.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Statue_db.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Alma Pater, Dickbauch, Jkelly, Man vyi, Skeezix1000, Themedpark, Wknight94, Wst, Wutsje, 3 anonymous edits File:Terry Fox Run Milan.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Run_Milan.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Alessio Bragadini from Milan, Italy File:Terry Fox.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Richard Keeling
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