The Dynamics of Development

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The Dynamics of Development

Economic development can be defined as "a sustained community
effort to improve both the local economy and the quality of life by building
the area's capacity to adapt to economic change" (Loveridge and Morse).
Economic development is a broad term that does not have a single,
unique definition. First, is to increase the availability and widen the
distribution of basic life sustaining goods such as food, shelter, health and
protection. Second, is to higher incomes we need to raise levels of living,
including, in addition to higher incomes, the supply of more jobs, better
education, and greater attention to human values, which will serve not only
to enhance material well being but also to generate greater individual and
national self-esteem. Third, is freedom to make economic and social choices
we need to expand the range of choices available to individuals and nations
by freeing them from serving and being dependent not only in relation to
other people but also to ignorance and human misery. It is important to
remember that development is so much more than just economic growth.
Economic growth is generally a short run concept while economic
development is a long term commitment. To illustrate this point, say there
are an increasing number of jobs in a local economy. This may represent
economic growth, but if the new jobs do not pay wages that residents can
afford to live on, the growth may not represent economic development .
Development economics seeks to determine how poor countries can
be transformed into prosperous ones. Strategies for transforming a
developing economy tend to be unique, because the social and political
background of countries can vary. One task of Development is overcoming
scarcity, we can overcome scarcity in many ways like increasing the supply
we can increase supply by improving production techniques, we can also
reduce the demand by producing an acceptable substitute for a product.

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program as Section 3 of RA 6657
defined, as the “redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits produced, to
farmers and regular farm workers who are landless” and “all other arrangements
alternative to the physical redistribution of lands, such as production or profitsharing, labor administration and the distribution of shares of stock which will
allow beneficiaries to receive a just share of the lands they worked.” The law
designated that land acquisition and distribution are to be done in a period of ten
years following the effectivity of the law.
Vast agricultural lands are distributed to the farmers tilling the land, whereas only
a maximum of five hectares can be retained by the landlords and three hectares
for each of their heir at least 15 years old and above.
However, a common CARP loophole was that landlords escaped
relinquishing their lands through land reclassifications. Lands classified by local
zoning ordinances as residential, commercial and industrial lands are excluded
from CARP scope.
Criticism on Aquino’s Administration of land reform was the Stock
Distribution Option of the Hacienda Luisita and was followed as an example of big
other landowners. According to Borras, President Aquino was the first landlord to
evade CARP. Not to mention that CARP was Aquino’s “centerpiece program” of her
administration.
The biggest accomplishment in land distribution under CARP was during
the administration of Ramos, which doubled the performance of the previous
administration. But despite this success stories under his administration, just like
the previous administration, loopholes and controversies rose where thousands of
hand-to-mouth farmers were being harassed by the landlords driving them out of
their farms and leave them nothing. Certificates of Titles were useless. It was for
the purpose of becoming the newly Industrializing country by the year 2000.
There are several factors contributing to the poor performance of CARP,
according to Adriano, factors include: a) the slow pace in land survey process; b)
backlogs in land registration; c)lack of support from landowners largely because of
the slow processing of and low payment for their land; and d) cumbersome land
acquisition and distribution process for each land type.

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