The evolution of DSM

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The evolution of DSM

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1994 2000
/

dsm-iv

/ -tr

t h e evolu t ion o f t h e

“t h e

The dsm-iv planning process involved an unprecedent-

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (dsm )

edly large number of experts disseminating empirical
data. It attempted to fill persistent gaps between dsm
criteria and actual symptom presentations of patients
by adding many more categories. It was also the first
maceutical treatments prescribed for other disorders.

Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington: apa. Fourth edition/fourth
edition, rev., 1994/2000.

Learning
Disorders

Motor Skills

played a critical role in repositioning

1980

and vectors map the trajectories of

psychiatry as a scientific branch
of medicine in the last half century.

subsumed, expanded, or removed

It divides patterns of observed

“t h e

as obsolete or problematic.

symptoms into diagnostic categories,

Category/ Disorder Introduced in :

dsm-i
dsm-iii-r

which are groupings of seemingly
related syndromes, or mental disorders.*

dsm-ii
dsm-iv

dsm-iii
dsm-5

they appeared in each edition, along

1968

“t h e

Diagnostic
Category

Inconsistencies, vagueness and occasional contradic-

to reliance on data as the basis for understanding,”

tions in the diagnostic criteria of dsm-iii emerged

dsm-iii emphasized the manual’s diagnostic function

almost immediately after its release in both research

g o l d b o o k”

Organization’s International Classification of Diseases
(icd) and integration with other biomedical specialties.

studies and clinical practice. The increasingly wide-

explicit diagnostic criteria. A multiaxial system

spread adoption and global influence of the dsm,

removed syndromes with known physical etiologies

including as a standard text for education in psychia-

from the main classification (axis i & ii) and required

try and psychology, spurned the apa to begin the

re-naming, to avoid implying causal mechanisms for
disorders, so that the taxonomy might be accepted by
practitioners with conflicting etiological philosophies.

1952

s o u r c e : American Psychiatric Association, Work Group to Revise dsm-iii. Diagnostic

and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington: apa. Third edition, rev., 1987.

Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity
Attention Deficit Disorder Without Hyperactivity
Attention Deficit Disorder, Residual Type

Conduct
Disorder

Conduct
Conduct
Conduct
Conduct
Conduct

Second edition, 1968.

†nos: Not Otherwise Specified.
Borderline Mental Retardation
Mild Mental Retardation
Moderate Mental Retardation
Severe Mental Retardation
Profound Mental Retardation
Unspecified Mental Retardation

Mental
Deficiency

g r e y b o o k”

cal. The first dsm merged conflicting classification

senile and
pr e-senile
dementia

concerned with hospitalized people with organic
brain disease) and military psychiatry (treating tran-

alcoholic
p s yc h o si s

Psychoses
Associated
With
Organic
Brain
Syndromes

sient, stress-related conditions). The influence of Swiss
psychiatrist Adolf Meyer is apparent in the dsm-i,
as suggested by the use of the term “reaction.”

p s yc h o si s
a s s o c i at e d w i t h
i n t r ac r a n i a l
infection

s o u r c e : American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual [ for]

Mental Disorders. Washington: apa, Mental Hospital Service. First edition, 1952.

c i r c u l at o ry
i n n e rvat i o n o r
p s yc h i c c o n t r o l
m e ta b o l i s m ,
grow th or
nutrition
ne w grow th
u nknow n or
u n c e r ta i n c au s e
u nknow n or
u n c e r ta i n c au s e
with functional
r e ac t i o n a l o n e
manifest

Diseases
Caused By
or Associated
With
Impairment of
Brain Tissue
Function

p r e n ata l
(c o n s t i t u t i o n a l)
influence

infection

i n t ox i c at i o n

Chronic
Brain
Disorders

t r au m a

c i r c u l at o ry
i n n e rvat i o n o r
p s yc h i c c o n t r o l
m e ta b o l i s m ,
grow th or
nutrition
ne w grow th
u nknow n or
u n c e r ta i n c au s e
u nknow n or
u n c e r ta i n c au s e
with functional
r e ac t i o n a l o n e
manifest

Mental
Deficiency

h e r e d i ta ry a n d
fa m i l i a l d i s e a s e s
undeter mined
c au s e

Organic
Mental
Disorders

Acute Brain Syndrome Associated with Circulatory Disturbance

(Disorders Caused by or
Associated With Impairment of
Brain Tissue Function)

p s yc h o si s
a s s o c i at e d
with other
cer ebr al
condition

p s yc h o si s
a s s o c i at e d
with other
p h y si c a l
condition

[Indicate Cardiovascular D isease as A dditional D iagnosis]

Acute Brain Syndrome Associated with Convulsive Disorder [Indicate Manifestation]
Acute Brain Syndrome Associated with Metabolic Disturbance [Specify]
Acute Brain Syndrome Associated with Intracranial Neoplasm [Specify]
Acute Brain Syndrome Associated with Disease of Unknown or Uncertain Cause
Acute Brain Syndrome of Unknown Cause
Chronic Brain Syndrome Associated with Congenital Cranial Anomoly
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic

Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain

[Indicate D isease]

Syndrome Associated with Congenital Spastic Paraplegia
Syndrome Associated with Mongolism
Syndrome Due to Prenatal Maternal Infectious Diseases
Meningoencephalitic
Meningovascular
Syndrome Associated with Central Nervous System Syphilis
Other Central Nervous System Syphilis
Syndrome Associated with Intracranial Infection Other Than Syphilis [Specify Infection]
Syndrome, Drug or Poison Intoxication [Specify D r ug or Poison]
Syndrome, Alcohol Intoxication [Specify R eaction]
Syndrome Associated with Birth Trauma
Syndrome Associated with Brain Trauma
Syndrome, Brain Trauma, Gross Force [Specify]
Syndrome Following Brain Operation
Syndrome Following Electrical Brain Trauma
Syndrome Following Irradiational Brain Trauma
Syndrome Associated with Cerebral Arteriosclerosis
Syndrome Associated with Circulatory Disturbance Other Than Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [Specify]
Syndrome Associated with Convulsive Disorder
Syndrome Associated with Senile Brain Disease
[Includes Pre- Senile,
Syndrome Associated with Other Disturbance of Metabolism, Growth, or Nutrition Glandular, Pellagra,
Familial Amaurosis]
Syndrome Associated with Intracranial Neoplasm [Specify]
[Includes Multiple Sclerosis,
Syndrome Associated with Disease of Unknown or Uncertain Cause Hunting ton’s Chorea,
Pick’s D isease, Etc.]
Syndrome of Unknown Cause

Mental Deficiency (Familial or Hereditary)
Mild
Mental Deficiency (Idiopathic) Moderate

NonPsychotic
Organic
Brain
Syndromes

[Specify Anomoly]

n o n - p s yc h o t i c
orga nic br ain
sy ndromes

schizophr enia

m ajor a ffectiv e
disor ders

Psychoses Not
Attributed to
Physical
Conditions
Listed
Previously

pa r a n o i d
s tat e s

other
p s yc h o si s

Mild
Moderate
Severe

Other
Disorders

Following Infection or Intoxication
Following Trauma or Physical Agent
With Disorders of Metabolism, Growth or Nutrition
Associated with Gross Brain Disease (Postnatal)
Associated with Diseases and Conditions Due to (Unknown) Prenatal Inf luence
With Chromosomal Abnormality
Associated with Prematurity
Following Major Psychiatric Disorder
With Psycho-Social (Environmental) Deprivation
With Other (Unspecified) Condition

With Physical
Manifestations

Pervasive
Developmental
Disorders

Senile Dementia
Pre-Senile Dementia
Delirium Tremens
Korsakov’s Psychosis (Alcoholic)
Other Alcoholic Hallucinosis
Alcohol Paranoid State
Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Alcoholic Deterioration
Pathological Intoxication
Other (and Unspecified) Alcoholic Psychosis
Psychosis with General Paralysis
Psychosis with Other Syphilis of Central Nervous System
Psychosis with Epidemic Encephalitis
Psychosis with Other and Unspecified Encephalitis
Psychosis with Other (and Unspecified) Intracranial Infection
Psychosis with Cerebral Arteriosclerosis
Psychosis with Other Cerebrovascular Disturbance
Psychosis with Epilepsy
Psychosis with Intracranial Neoplasm
Psychosis with Degenerative Disease of the Central Nervous System
Psychosis with Brain Trauma
Psychosis with Other (and Unspecified) Cerebral Condition
Psychosis with Endocrine Disorder
Psychosis with Metabolic or Nutritional Disorder
Psychosis with Systemic Infection
Psychosis with Drug or Poison Intoxication (Other Than Alcohol)
Psychosis with Childbirth
Psychosis with Other and Undiagnosed Physical Condition
Psychosis with Unspecified Physical Condition
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Non-Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome
Acute Brain Syndrome nos†
Chronic Brain Syndrome nos

with
with
with
with
with
with
with
with
with
with

Intracranial Infection
Alcohol (Simple Drunkenness)
Other Drug, Poison, or Systemic Intoxication
Brain Trauma
Circulatory Disturbance
Epilepsy
Disturbance of Metabolism, Growth or Nutrition
Senile or Pre-Senile Brain Disease
Intracranial Neoplasm
Degenerative Disease of Central Nervous System

Specific
Developmental
Disorders
Dementias
Arising in the
Senium and
Presenium

alcohol

SubstanceInduced
b a r b i t uat e o r
si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
hypnotic or
a n x i o ly t i c

o pi o i d
cocaine

a m p h e ta m i n e o r
si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
s y m pat h o m i m e t i c

Organic
Mental
Disorders

Psychotic
Disorders
p s yc h o g e n i c o r i g i n
or without
c l e a r ly d e f i n e d
ta n g i b l e c au s e o r
s t ru c t u r a l
change

i n n e rvat i o n o r
p s yc h i c c o n t r o l

Psychophysiologic
Autonomic
and
Visceral
Disorders

Disorders of
Psychogenic
Origin
Without
Clearly
Defined
Physical Cause
or Structural
Change in
the Brain

Psychoneurotic
Disorders
p s yc h o g e n i c
origin or
w i t h o u t c l e a r ly
d e f i n e d ta n g i b l e
c au s e o r
s t ru c t u r a l
change

persona lit y
pat t e r n
distur bance

persona lit y
trait
distur bance

Personality
Disorders
s o c i o pat h i c
persona lit y
distur bance

specia l
symptom
r e ac t i o n s

Transient
Situational
Personality
Disorders

Simple Type
Involutional Psychotic Reaction
Hebephrenic Type
Manic Type
Catatonic Type
Depressive Type
Manic-Depressive Reaction
Paranoid Type
Other
Acute Undifferentiated Type
Psychotic Depressive Reaction
Chronic Undifferentiated Type
Schizo-Affective Type
Schizophrenic Reactions
Childhood Type
Paranoia
Residual Type
Paranoid Reactions Paranoid State
Psychotic Reaction Without Clearly Defined Structural Change, Other Than Above

Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic

Neuroses

Skin Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Musculoskeletal Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Respiratory Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Cardiovascular Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Hemic and Lymphatic Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Gastrointestinal Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Genito-Urinary Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Endocrine Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Nervous System Reaction [Indicate Manifestation]
Reaction of Organs of Special Sense [Indicate Manifestation]

caffeine

other or
u nspecified
s u b s ta n c e

Schizophrenia
Involutional Melancholia
Manic Type
Depressive Type
Manic-Depressive Illness
Manic
Circular Type
Depressed
Other Major Affective Disorder
Affective Disorder nos
Manic-Depressive Illness nos
Paranoia
Involutional Paranoid State
Other Paranoid State
Psychotic Depressive Reaction
Reactive Excitation
Reactive Confusion
Acute Paranoid Reaction
Reactive Psychosis, Unspecified
Unspecified Psychosis (Dementia, Insanity or Psychosis nos)

Organic
Brain
Syndromes
whose Etiology or
Pathophysiological
Process Is Either Noted
as an Additional
Diagnosis from Outside
the Mental Disorders
section of ICD -9- CM
or is Unknown

persona lit y
disor ders

Anxiety Reaction
Dissociative Reaction
Conversion Reaction
Phobic Reaction
Obsessive Compulsive Reaction
Depressive Reaction
Psychoneurotic Reaction, Other

Personality
Disorders
and Certain
Other
Non-Psychotic
Mental
Disorders

Schizoid Personality
Inadequate Personality
Cyclothymic Personality
Paranoid Personality
Emotionally Unstable Personality
Passive-Aggressive Personality
Compulsive Personality
Personality Trait Disturbance, Other
Antisocial Reaction
Dyssocial Reaction
Sexual Deviation [Specify]
Alcoholism
Drug Addiction
Learning Disturbance
Speech Disturbance
Enuresis
Somnambulism
Other Special Symptom Reactions
Gross Stress Reaction
Adult Situational Reaction
Adjustment Reaction of Infancy
Adjustment Reaction of Childhood
Adjustment Reaction of Adolescence
Adjustment Reaction of Late Life

alc ohol
b a r b i t uat e o r
si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
hypnotic or
a n x i o ly t i c
o pi o i d
cocaine

Substance
Use
Disorders

s e x ua l
d e v i at i o n s

alcoholism

d ru g
dependence

Habit Disturbance
Conduct Disturbance
Neurotic Traits

Paranoid Personality
Cyclothymic Personality
Schizoid Personality
Explosive Personality
Obsessive Compulsive Personality
Hysterical Personality
Asthenic Personality
Antisocial Personality
Passive-Aggressive Personality
Inadequate Personality
Other Personality Disorders of Specified Types
Unspecified Personality Disorder
Homosexuality
Fetishism
Pedophilia
Transvestitism
Exhibitionism
Voyeurism
Sadism
Masochism
Other Sexual Deviation
Unspecified Sexual Deviation
Episodic Excessive Drinking
Habitual Excessive Drinking
Alcohol Addiction
Other (and Unspecified) Alcoholism
Drug Dependence, Opium, Opium Alkoloids and Their Derivatives
Drug Dependence, Synthetic Analgesics With Morphine-Like Effects
Drug Dependence, Barbituates
Drug Dependence, Other Hypnotics and Sedatives or “Tranquilizers”
Drug Dependence, Cocaine
Drug Dependence, Cannabis sativa (Hashish, Marijuana)
Drug Dependence, Other Psycho-Stimulants
Drug Dependence, Hallucinogens
Drug Dependence, Other Drug Dependence
Drug Dependence, Unspecified Drug Dependence

Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic
Psychophysiologic

Psychophysiologic
Disorders

Special
Symptoms

Skin Disorder
Musculoskeletal Disorder
Respiratory Disorder
Cardiovascular Disorder
Hemic and Lymphatic Disorder
Gastro-Intestinal Disorder
Genito-Urinary Disorder
Endocrine Disorder
Disorder of Organ of Special Sense
Disorder of Other Type

Speech Disturbance
Specific Learning Disturbance
Tic
Other Psychomotor Disorder
specia l symp toms
not elsewhere
c l a s si f i e d

Qualifying Phrases
Transient
Situational
Disturbances
Behavior
Disorders
of
Childhood
and
Adolescence
Conditions
Without
Manifest
Psychiatric
Disorder and
Non-Specific
Conditions
NonDiagnostic
Terms for
Administrative
Use

Disorders of Sleep
Feeding Disturbance
Enuresis
Encopresis
Cephalalgia
Other Special Symptom

other or
u nspecified
s u b s ta n c e

c o m b i n at i o n
o f s u b s ta n c e s

Schizophrenic
Disorders

Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment

Reaction
Reaction
Reaction
Reaction
Reaction

of
of
of
of
of

Affective Disorders

Atypical

Phobic
Disorders

(or Phobic Neuroses)

will read into it some general view of the nature of

Atypical

From the Foreword, by Chairman Ernest M. Gruenberg, md, dr. p.h., pages vii–x

dsm-iii /-r

“... no definition adequately specifies

precise boundaries for the concept “mental disorder” (this is
and physical health) .”
From Introduction, “Basic Concepts,” pages 5 (dsm-iii) and xxii (dsm-iii-r)

dsm-iv-tr

significant distress or disability

or a culturally sanctioned response to

Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood A sexual
Homosexual
Transsexualism
Heterosexual
Unspecified
Gender Identity Disorder nos
Gender Identity Disorder of Adolescence or Adulthood

Tic
Disorders

Tourette’s Disorder
Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Episode
Transient Tic Disorder RSingle
ecurrent
Tic Disorder nos

Other
Disorders
of Infancy,
Childhood or
Adolescence

Primary Degenerative Dementia of the Alzheimer Type, Senile Onset
Primary Degenerative Dementia of the Alzheimer Type, Presenile Onset
With Delirium
Multi-Infarct Dementia
With Delusions

With Delirium
With Delusions
With Depression
Uncomplicated

With Delirium
With Delusions
With Depression
Uncomplicated

Dementias

Arising in the Senium
and Presenium

alcohol

a m p h e ta m i n e o r
si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
s y m pat h o m i m e t i c

caffeine
can na bis

cocaine

Psychoactive
SubstanceInduced
Organic Mental
Disorders

hallucinogen

inhalent

Organic
Organic
Mental
Mental
Disorders
Disorders

nicotine
o pi o i d

p h e n c yc l i d i n e ( p c p )
o r si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
a ry l c yc l o h e x y l amine

s e dat i v e , h y p n o t i c
o r a n x i o ly t i c

other or
u nspecified
p s yc h oac t i v e
s u b s ta n c e

Subchronic
Chronic
Subchronic with Acute Exacerbation
Chronic with Acute Exacerbation
In Remission
Unspecified

Organic
Mental
Disorders
Associated With
Axis III Physical
Disorders or
Conditions, or
Whose Etiology
is Unknown

Continuous
Episodic
In Remission
Unspecified

alcohol

a m p h e ta m i n e o r
si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
s y m pat h o m i m e t i c

can na bis

cocaine

hallucinogen

Psychoactive
Substance Use
Disorders

inhalent
nicotine
o pi o i d
p h e n c yc l i d i n e ( p c p )
o r si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
a ry l c yc l o h e x y l amine
s e dat i v e , h y p n o t i c
o r a n x i o ly t i c

other or
u nspecified
p s yc h oac t i v e
s u b s ta n c e
In Remission
With Psychotic Features
Without Psychotic Features
With Psychotic Features

Cyclothymic Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder (or Depressive Neurosis)

In Remission
With Psychotic Symptoms
With Melancholia
Without Melancholia
Unspecified

Schizophrenia

Panic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (or Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis)
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Chronic or Delayed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Dissociative
Disorders
(or Hysterical
Neuroses,
Dissociative
Type)

Psychogenic Amnesia
Psychogenic Fugue
Multiple Personality
Depersonalization Disorder (or Depersonalization Neurosis)
Atypical Dissociative Disorder

Paraphilias

Psychosexual
Disorders

Psychosexual
Dysfunctions

Other
Psychosexual
Disorders

V Codes for
Conditions Not
Attributable
to a Mental
Disorder that
are a Focus of
Attention or
Treatment

Additional
Codes

induced
Nocturnal Only
D iurnal Only
Nocturnal and D iurnal

Mood
Disorders

use

CannabisRelated
Disorders

induced

use

[A lzheimer’s D isease on A xis III]
[A lzheimer’s D isease on A xis III]

CocaineRelated

With Delirium
With Delusions
With Depression
Uncomplicated

Disorders

induced

use

HallucinogenRelated
Disorders

induced

SubstanceRelated
Disorders

disadvantage, disability, inflexibility, irrationality, syndromal

induced

NicotineRelated
Disorders

use

OpioidRelated
Disorders

use

Phencyclidine
or Phencyclidine-Like)Related Disorders
induced

use

induced

Alcohol Dependence
Alcohol Abuse
Amphetamine Dependence
Amphetamine Abuse
Cannabis Dependence
Cannabis Abuse
Cocaine Dependence
Cocaine Abuse
Hallucinogen Dependence
Hallucinogen Abuse
Inhalent Dependence
Inhalent Abuse
Nicotine Dependence
Opioid Dependence
Opioid Abuse
Phencyclidine Dependence
Phencyclidine Abuse
Sedative Dependence
Sedative Abuse
Polysubstance Dependence
Psychoactive Substance Dependence nos
Psychoactive Substance Abuse nos

Polysubstance-

Transsexualism
Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood
Atypical Gender Identity Disorder

Asexual
Homosexual
Heterosexual
Unspecified

Fetishism
Transvestism
Zoophilia
Pedophilia
Exhibitionism
Voyeurism
Sexual Masochism
Sexual Sadism
Atypical Paraphilia

use

Other
(Or
Unknown)
Substance-Related
Disorders

induced

Subchronic
Chronic
Subchronic with Acute Exacerbation
Chronic with Acute Exacerbation
In Remission
Erotomanic
Unspecified
Grandiose
Jealous
Persecutory
Somatic
Unspecified

Mood
Disorders

Inhibited Sexual Desire
Inhibited Sexual Excitement
Inhibited Female Orgasm
Inhibited Male Orgasm
Premature Ejaculation
Functional Dyspareunia
Functional Vaginismus
Atypical Psychosexual Dysfunction

Paraphilias

Sexual
Disorders

Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality
Psychosexual Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified

d e si r e

a rousa l

Sexual
Dysfunctions

Factitious Disorder With Psychological Symptoms
Chronic Factitious Disorder With Physical Symptoms
Atypical Factitious Disorder With Physical Symptoms

pa i n

Sexual Disorders

Pathological Gambling
Kleptomania
Pyromania
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Isolated Explosive Disorder
Atypical Impulse Control Disorder

Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment
Adjustment

Disorder
Disorder
Disorder
Disorder
Disorder
Disorder
Disorder
Disorder

with
with
with
with
with
with
with
with

Dyssomnias

Depressed Mood
Anxious Mood
Mixed Emotional Features
Disturbance of Conduct
Mixed Disturbance of Emotions and Conduct
Work (or Academic) Inhibition
Withdrawal
Atypical Features

Sleep
Disorders
Parasomnias

Factitious
Disorders

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Sexual Aversion Disorder
Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
Male Erectile Disorder
Inhibited Female Orgasm
Inhibited Male Orgasm
Premature Ejaculation
Dyspareunia
Vaginismus

Anxiety
Disorders

Single Episode
R ecurrent

deviance or conflicts with society.”
From www.dsm5.org /ProposedRevisions, “Definition of a Mental Disorder”

Learning
Disabilities

Motor Skills

Factitious
Disorders

Encopresis
Enuresis (Not Due to a General Medical Condition)

d e si r e

a rousa l

orgasmic

pa i n
Lifelong
Acquired

Sexual Disorder nos
elated to Another Mental D isorder (nonorganic)
Insomnia Disorder RR elated
to Known Organic Factor
Primary Insomnia
R elated to Another Mental D isorder (nonorganic)
Hypersomnia Disorder R elated to Known Organic Factor
Primary Hypersomnia
Advanced or Delayed Phase Type
Sleep-Wake Schedule Disorder Disorganized Type
Frequently Changing Type
Dyssomnia nos

Sexual
Dysfunctions

Sexual and
Gender
Identity
Disorders

the typeface used is Augereau, which was created by
George Abrams in 1989. It was digitized by Charles Nix
and released by the Abrams Legacy Collection.
many thanks are due to Julia Wargaski, Ted Byfield,
Paul Carlos, Scott Pobiner, fellow students in tfa,
Info Design 1 & 2 and Data Vis is, Vera Hoar, Allen Jones,
Monique Safford, Dr. Derek Tate, Todd Kesselman,
Chun Wo Pat, Jennifer Huh, Tae Won Yu, the work of
Roger K. Blashfield, Bobst Library, and the apa.

Disorders
Usually First
Diagnosed
in Infancy,
Childhood or
Adolescence

Without Behavioral Disturbance
With Behavioral Disturbance
Without Behavioral Disturbance
With Behavioral Disturbance
Uncomplicated
With Delirium
With Delusions
[C ode HI V on A xis III]
With Depressed Mood With Behavioral D isturbance

Vascular Dementia
Dementia Due to hiv Disease
Dementia Due to Head Trauma [C ode Head Injury on A xis III]
Dementia Due to Parkinson’s Disease [C ode Dementia with Lewy B odies on A xis III]
Dementia Due to Huntington’s Disease [C ode Hunting ton’s D isease on A xis III]
Dementia Due to Pick’s Disease [C ode Pick’s D isease on A xis III]

Amnestic Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Substance-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder
Amnestic Disorder nos

Other

Neurocognitive
Disorders

Labile Type
Disinhibited Type
Aggressive Type
Apathetic Type
Paranoid Type
Other Type
Combined Type
Unspecified Type

Mental
Disorders Due
to a General
Medical
Condition
Not Elsewhere
Classified

Major

b e h av i o r a l

(Or
Amphetamine-Like)Related Disorders

induced

CaffeineRelated
Disorders

use

CannabisRelated

In a C ontrolled Environment

Disorders

With Onset D uring Intoxication

Disorders

induced

use

HallucinogenRelated
Disorders

induced

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

In a C ontrolled Environment
Inhalent Dependence
Inhalent Abuse
Inhalent Intoxication
Inhalent Intoxication Delirium
Inhalent-Induced Persisting Dementia
With Delusions
Inhalent-Induced Psychotic Disorder With Hallucinations With Onset D uring Intoxication
Inhalent-Induced Mood Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Inhalent-Induced Anxiety Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Inhalent-Related Disorder nos

Addiction
Addiction
and Related
Disorders
Disorders

general
medical
condition

Paraphilias

Dream Anxiety Disorder (Nightmare Disorder)
Sleep Terror Disorder
Sleepwalking Disorder
Parasomnia Disorder

In a C ontrolled Environment

Disorders

induced

Phencyclidine

or Phencyclidine-Like)Related Disorders
induced

use

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

Sedative-,

Hypnotic-, or
Anxiolytic-Related
Disorders
induced

Polysubstance-

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other

(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or

Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)

Substance Dependence
Substance Abuse
Substance Intoxication With Perceptual D isturbances
Substance Withdrawal With Perceptual D isturbances
Substance-Induced Delirium
Substance-Induced Persisting Dementia
Substance-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder
With Delusions
Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder With Hallucinations

Other
Other
Other
Other
Other

(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or

Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)

Substance-Induced Mood Disorder
Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
Substance-Related Disorder nos

In a C ontrolled Environment

On Agonist T herapy

Other
(Or
Unknown)
Substance-Related
Disorders

induced

With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Withdrawal

Chronic
With Catatonic Features
With Melancholic Features
With A ty pical Features
With Post partum Onset

Single Episode
Major Depressive Disorder Recurrent
With/ Without Full Interepisode R ecovery With Seasonal Pattern
Early Onset
Dysthymic Disorder Late Onset With A ty pical Features With Full Interepisode R ecovery
Without Full Interepisode R ecovery
Depressive Disorder nos Single Manic Episode Mixed With Seasonal Pattern
Episode
Episode
Episode
Episode
Episode

Hypomanic
Manic
Mixed
Depressed
Unspecified

With R apid Cy cling

With Catatonic Features

Mild
Moderate
Severe Without Psychotic Features
Severe With Psychotic Features
Moderate
Severe Without Psychotic Features
Severe With Psychotic Features

Mild
Moderate
Severe Without Psychotic Features
Severe With Psychotic Features
Moderate
Severe Without Psychotic Features
Severe With Psychotic Features
Chronic
With Melancholic Features
With A ty pical Features

Mood
Disorders

Gender
Identity

With Physical Symptoms

Disorders

Not Elsewhere
Classified (Depressive
CNEC)

Bipolar
Disorders

Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Compulsive Personality Disorder
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder
Atypical, Mixed or Other Personality Disorder

[ Specify physical condition on A xis III]

Malingering
Borderline Intellectual Functioning
Adult Antisocial Behavior
Childhood or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
Academic Problem
Occupational Problem
Uncomplicated Bereavement
Noncompliance with Medical Treatment
Phase of Life Problem or Other Life Circumstance Problem
Marital Problem
Parent-Child Problem
Other Specified Family Circumstances
Other Interpersonal Problem

Unspecified Mental Disorder (nonpsychotic)
No Diagnosis or Condition on Axis i
Diagnosis or Condition Deferred on Axis i
No Diagnosis on Axis ii
Diagnosis Deferred on Axis ii

Disorders
of Impulse
Control Not
Elsewhere
Classified

Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Kleptomania
Pathological Gambling
Pyromania
Trichtillomania
Impulse Control Disorder nos

Adjustment
Disorders
Psychological
Factors
Affecting
Physical
Condition
Personality
Disorders

Adjustment Disorder
Adjustment Disorder nos

With Anxious Mood
With Depressed Mood
With Disturbance of Conduct
With Mixed Disturbance of Emotions and Conduct
With Mixed Emotional Features
With Physical Complaints
With Withdrawal
With Work (or Academic) Inhibition

Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Condition

cluster a

cluster b

cluster c

Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
Passive Aggressive Personality Disorder
Personality Disorder nos

[Specify physical condition on A xis III]

Additional
Codes

Borderline Intellectual Functioning

Primary

Sleep Disorders

Sleep
Disorders

Related to Another
Mental Disorder

Childhood or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
Malingering
Marital Problem
Noncompliance with Medical Treatment
Occupational Problem
Parent-Child Problem
Other Interpersonal Problem
Other Specified Family Circumstances
Phase of Life Problem or Other Life Circumstance Problem
Uncomplicated Bereavement

Other

Sleep Disorders

D ue to Psy chological Factors
D ue to C ombined Factors

Generalized Ty pe
Situational Ty pe

Lifelong Ty pe
Acquired Ty pe

Sexual
Dysfunctions

Sexual and
Gender
Identity
Disorders

Gender
Identity

Personality
Disorders

Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Personality Disorder nos

Psychological
Factors

Affecting Medical
Condition

MedicationInduced
Other

Medication-Induced
Disorder

Other
Conditions
That May Be
a Focus of
Clinical
Attention

Acute
Chronic

Problems
Related to
Abuse or
Neglect

Physical Abuse of Child
Sexual Abuse of Child
Neglect of Child
Physical Abuse of Adult
Sexual Abuse of Adult

No Diagnosis on Axis ii
Diagnosis Deferred on Axis ii

With Physiological Dependence
Without Physiological Dependence

On Agonist T herapy

In a C ontrolled Environment

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

In a C ontrolled Environment

On Agonist T herapy

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

In a C ontrolled Environment

On Agonist T herapy

Moderate

With Physiological Dependence

Phencyclidine-Use Disorder Severe
Without Physiological Dependence
Phencyclidine Intoxication
Phencyclidine Intoxication Delirium
Phencyclidine-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Phencyclidine-Induced Mood Disorder
Phencyclidine-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Phencyclidine-Related Disorder nos
Moderate

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

On Agonist T herapy

In a C ontrolled Environment

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

With Physiological Dependence

Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic-Use Disorder Severe
Without Physiological Dependence
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Intoxication
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Withdrawal
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Intoxication Delirium
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Withdrawal Delirium
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Persisting Dementia
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Mood Disorder
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Sexual Disorder
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Sleep Disorder
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Related Disorder nos

In a C ontrolled Environment

On Agonist T herapy

Polysubstance-Use Disorder
Other (Or Unknown) Substance-Use Disorder

Moderate
Severe

With Physiological Dependence
Without Physiological Dependence

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

Other
Other
Other
Other

(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or

Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)

Substance Intoxication With Perceptual D isturbances
Substance Withdrawal With Perceptual D isturbances
Substance-Induced Delirium
Substance-Induced Persisting Dementia

Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other

(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or
(Or

Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)
Unknown)

Substance-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder
With Delusions
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder With Hallucinations With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Substance-Induced Mood Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder With
Onset D uring Withdrawal
Substance-Related Disorder nos

Late Onset

Subsyndromal Depressive cnec
Other Depressive cnec Single Manic Episode
Most
Most
Most
Most

Recent
Recent
Recent
Recent

Episode
Episode
Episode
Episode

Erotomanic Ty pe
G randiose Ty pe
Jealous Ty pe
Persecutory Ty pe
S omatic Ty pe
Mixed Ty pe
Unspecified Ty pe

Mild
Moderate
Severe Without Psychotic Features
Severe With Psychotic Features
Moderate
Severe Without Psychotic Features
Severe With Psychotic Features

In a C ontrolled Environment

On Agonist T herapy

With Catatonia

With
With
With
With

Catatonic Features
Melancholic Features
A ty pical Features
Post partum Onset

Mixed
Hypomanic
Manic
With Catatonia
Depressed
Unspecified Most R ecent/Current Episode Hy pomanic
Most R ecent/Current Episode Depressed

Bipolar i Disorder
Bipolar ii Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
Bipolar Disorder nos
Mood Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
With Depressive Features
Substance-Induced Mood Disorder With Manic Features
With Mixed Features
Mood Disorder nos

With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Withdrawal

With G ood or Fair Insight
With Poor Insight
Delusional Beliefs

With
With
With
With

With Generalized Anxiety
With Panic A ttacks
With O bsessive- C ompulsive Symptoms

Generalized Anxiety
Panic A ttacks
O bsessive- C ompulsive Symptoms
Phobic Symptoms

With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Withdrawal

D issociative Fug ue

Masturbation
Pornography
Sexual Behavior with C onsenting A dults
Cy bersex
Telephone Sex
Lifelong (since the onset of sexual activity) or acquired
Strip Clubs
Generalized or situational
Other
Partner factors (partner’s sexual problems, partner’s health status)
R elationship factors (e. g. , poor communication, relationship discord, discrepancies in desire for sexual activity)
Individual vulnerability factors (e. g. , depression or anxiety, poor body image, history of abuse experience)
Cultural/religious factors (e. g. , inhibitions related to prohibitions against sexual activity)
Medical factors (e. g. , illness, medication)

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder With a General Medical C ondition (e. g. , lichen sclerosis, endometriosis)
Male Erectile Disorder
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Delayed Ejaculation
Early Ejaculation
Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Male Erectile Desire Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Female Dyspareunia Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Male Dyspareunia Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Other Female Sexual Dysfunction Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Other Male Sexual Dysfunction Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
With Impaired Desire
Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
With Impaired Arousal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Impaired Orgasm
Sexual Dysfunction nos
With Sexual Pain
Paraphilic Coercive Disorder Sexually A ttracted to Exposing Genitals to Pubescent or Prepubescent Individuals (Generally Younger T han Age 15)
Sexually A ttracted to Exposing Genitals to Physically Mature Individuals (Generally Age 15 or Older)
Equally Sexually A ttracted to Exposing Genitals to B oth Age G roups
Exhibitionistic Disorder
B ody Part
Fetishistic Disorder
Non-Living O bject
Other
Frotteuristic Disorder
Sexually A ttracted to Males
Pedophilic Ty pe—Sexually A ttracted to Prepubescent Children (Generally Younger than 11)
Sexually A ttracted to Females
Hebephilic Ty pe—Sexually A ttracted to Pubescent Children (Generally Age 11 through 14)
Pedohebephilic Disorder
Sexually A ttracted to B oth
Pedohebephilic Ty pe—Sexually A ttracted to B oth
Sexual Masochism Disorder With A sphyxiophilia
Sexual Sadism Disorder
Fetishism (Sexually Aroused by Fabrics, Materials, or Garments)
Transvestic Disorder With
With Autog ynephilia (Sexually Aroused by T hought or Image of Self as Female)
Voyeuristic Disorder
Paraphilia nos

Delayed Sleep Phase Type
Advanced Sleep Phase Type
Free-Running Type
Irregular Sleep–Wake Type
Jet Lag Type
Shift Work Type

With Depressed Mood
With Anxiety
With Mixed Anxiety and Depressed Mood
With Disturbance of Conduct
With Mixed Disturbance of Emotions and Conduct
With ptsd-like or asd-like Symptoms
Unspecified

Antisocial/Psychopathic Type
Avoidant Type
Borderline Type
Obsessive-Compulsive Type
Schizotypal Type

Other

Medication-Induced
Disorder

Relational
Problems

Other
Conditions
That May Be
a Focus of
Clinical
Attention

Gender Incongruence (in children) Without a disorder of sex development
a disorder of sex development
Gender Incongruence (in Adolescents or Adults) With
Without a disorder of sex development
Gender Identity Disorder nos
Sexual Disorder nos

Adjustment Disorder

Movement Disorders
Mental Disorder Affecting Medical Condition
Psychological Symptoms Affecting Medical Condition
Personality Traits or Coping Style Affecting Medical Condition
Maladaptive Health Behaviors Affecting Medical Condition
Stress-Related Psysiological Response Affecting Medical Condition
Other or Unspecified Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition

Relational
Problems

Unspecified Mental Disorder (nonpsychotic)
No Diagnosis or Condition on Axis i
Diagnosis or Condition Deferred on Axis i

Moderate

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Kleptomania
Pyromania
Impulse-Control Disorder nos

MedicationInduced

Adverse Effects of Medication nos

Age-Related Cognitive Decline
Bereavement
Academic Problem
Occupational Problem
Identity Problem
Religious or Spiritual Problem
Acculturation Problem
Phase of Life Problem

ImpulseControl
Disorders
Not Elsewhere
Classified

Personality
Disorders

Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Neuroleptic-Induced Acute Dystonia
Neuroleptic-Induced Acute Akathisia
Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia
Medication-Induced Postural Tremor
Medication-Induced Movement Disorder nos

Borderline Intellectual Functioning

With Physiological Dependence

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder
Primary Insomnia
Primary Hypersomnia/Narcolepsy without cataplexy
Narcolepsy/ Hypocretin Deficiency
Disorder of Arousal
Nightmare Disorder
Dyssomnia nos
Parasomnia nos

Trauma and
Stress-Related
Disorders

Relational Problem Related to a Mental Disorder or General Medical Condition
Parent-Child Relational Problem
Partner Relational Problem
Sibling Relational Problem
Relational Problem nos

Additional
Conditions
That May
Be a Focus
of Clinical
Attention

Additional
Codes

Insomnia Type
Hypersomnia Type
Parasomnia Type
Mixed Type
With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Withdrawal

[Specified Psychological Factor] Affecting [Indicate General Medical Condition]

By Partner
By Person Other than Partner
By Partner
By Person Other than Partner

Moderate

Inhalent-Use Disorder Severe
Without Physiological Dependence
Inhalent Intoxication
Inhalent Intoxication Delirium
Inhalent-Induced Persisting Dementia
Inhalent-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Inhalent-Induced Mood Disorder
Inhalent-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Inhalent-Related Disorder nos

Kleine Levin Syndrome
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
Primary Central Sleep Apnea
Primary Alveolar Hypoventilation
Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder
Restless Leg Syndrome

Insomnia Related to ... [Indicate the A xis I or A xis II D isorder]
Hypersomnia Related to ... [Indicate the A xis I or A xis II D isorder]

Adjustment Disorder

With Physiological Dependence

On Agonist T herapy

Binge Eating Disorder
R estricting Ty pe
Anorexia Nervosa Binge
Eating/ Purging Ty pe
Purging Ty pe
Bulimia Nervosa Nonpurging Ty pe
Eating Disorder nos

Sleep
Disorders

Adjustment
Disorders

Moderate

Hallucinogen-Use Disorder Severe
Without Physiological Dependence
Hallucinogen Intoxication
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks)
Hallucinogen Intoxication Delirium
Hallucinogen-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Hallucinogen-Induced Mood Disorder
Hallucinogen-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Hallucinogen-Related Disorder nos

In a C ontrolled Environment

On Agonist T herapy

With a disorder of sex development

Nightmare Disorder
Sleep Terror Disorder
Sleepwalking Disorder
Parasomnia nos

With Depressed Mood
With Anxiety
With Mixed Anxiety and Depressed Mood
With Disturbance of Conduct
With Mixed Disturbance of Emotions and Conduct
Unspecified

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

With Physiological Dependence

In a C ontrolled Environment

Hypersexual Disorder
Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder in Women
Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder in Men

Males
Females
B oth
Neither

Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Kleptomania
Pyromania
Pathological Gambling
Trichotillomania
Impulse-Control Disorder nos

ImpulseControl
Disorders
Not Elsewhere
Classified

Moderate

Cocaine-Use Disorder Severe
Without Physiological Dependence
Cocaine Intoxication
Cocaine Withdrawal
Cocaine Intoxication Delirium
Cocaine-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Cocaine-Induced Mood Disorder
Cocaine-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Cocaine-Induced Sexual Disorder
Cocaine-Induced Sleep Disorder
Cocaine-Related Disorder nos

Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Depersonalization Disorder
Dissociative Disorder nos

Delayed Sleep Phase Type
Jet Lag Type
Unspecified Type

Sleep Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Ty pe
Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder Insomnia
Hy persomnia Ty pe

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

With Physiological Dependence

Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder
Psychological Factor Affecting ... [Indicate the General Medical C ondition]
Conversion Disorder
Somatic Symptom Disorder nos
Self
Factitious Disorder On
On Another

Somatic
Symptom
Disorders

Eating
Disorders

Parasomnia Ty pe
Mixed Ty pe

Unspecified Mental Disorder (nonpsychotic)
No Diagnosis or Condition on Axis i
Diagnosis or Condition Deferred on Axis i
No Diagnosis on Axis ii
Diagnosis Deferred on Axis ii

pa r a s o m n i a s

Sleep
Disorders

Academic Problem
Adult Antisocial Behavior

V Codes for
Conditions Not
Attributable
to a Mental
Disorder that
are a Focus of
Attention or
Treatment

dyssomnias

Moderate

Cannabis-Use Disorder Severe
Without Physiological Dependence
Cannabis Withdrawal
Cannabis Intoxication
Cannabis Intoxication Delirium
Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Cannabis-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Cannabis-Related Disorder nos

Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

With Gender Dysphoria

Primary Insomnia
Primary Hypersomnia R ecurrent
Narcolepsy
Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder
Dyssomnia nos

Caffeine Intoxication
Caffeine-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disorder

Anxiety Disorder nec (Not Elsewhere Classified)
Agoraphobia

R estricting Ty pe
Anorexia Nervosa Binge
Eating/ Purging Ty pe
Purging Ty pe
Bulimia Nervosa
Nonpurging Ty pe
Eating Disorder nos

Eating
Disorders

On Agonist T herapy

In a C ontrolled Environment

With G ood or Fair Insight

Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Condition

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

On Agonist T herapy

With Poor Insight
Olfactory Reference Syndrome
Delusional
Skin Picking Disorder
With G ood or Fair Insight
With Poor Insight
Body Dysmorphic Disorder Muscle dysmorphia form
Delusional
Animal Ty pe
Natural Environment Ty pe
Specific Phobia
Blood-Injection-Injury Ty pe
Situational Ty pe
Social Phobia Performance Only
Other Ty pe
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Delay ed Onset
With Panic A ttack
Acute Stress Disorder
Generalized Anxiety and Worry Disorder
Anxiety Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]

Anxiety and
ObsessiveCompulsive
Spectrum
Disorders

Paraphilias

to
to
to
to

Moderate With Physiological Dependence
Amphetamine-Use Disorder Severe
Without Physiological Dependence
Amphetamine Intoxication
Amphetamine Withdrawal
Amphetamine Intoxication Delirium
Amphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Amphetamine-Induced Mood Disorder
Amphetamine-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Amphetamine-Induced Sexual Disorder
Amphetamine-Induced Sleep Disorder
Amphetamine-Related Disorder nos

In a C ontrolled Environment

Depressive cnec with insufficient information to make a specific diagnosis

Exclusive Ty pe
Nonexclusive Ty pe

A ttracted
A ttracted
A ttracted
A ttracted

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

With Physiological Dependence

Depressive
Conditions

Acute
Chronic

Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
Male Erectile Disorder
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Male Orgasmic Disorder
Premature Ejaculation
Dyspareunia (Not D ue to a General Medical C ondition)
Vaginismus (Not D ue to a General Medical C ondition)
Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Male Erectile Desire Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Female Dyspareunia Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Male Dyspareunia Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Other Female Sexual Dysfunction Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Other Male Sexual Dysfunction Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
With Impaired Desire
Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
With Impaired Arousal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Impaired Orgasm
Sexual Dysfunction nos
With Sexual Pain

Sexually
Sexually
Sexually
Sexually

Moderate

Alcohol-Use Disorder Severe
Without Physiological Dependence
Alcohol Intoxication
Alcohol Withdrawal
Alcohol Intoxication Delirium
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
Alcohol-Induced Persisting Dementia
Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder
Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Alcohol-Induced Mood Disorder
Alcohol-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Alcohol-Induced Sexual Disorder
Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder
Alcohol-Related Disorder nos

Depressive
Disorders

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Sexual Aversion Disorder

in Children
Gender Identity Disorder in
Adolescents or Adults
Gender Identity Disorder nos
Sexual Disorder nos

Disordered Gambling

Mixed Anxiety Depression
Single Episode
Recurrent In Full R emission
Major Depressive Disorder
With Mixed Features
In Partial R emission
Chronic Depressive Disorder Early Onset With A ty pical Features

Dissociative
Disorders

Limited to Incest

Labile Type
Disinhibited Type
Aggressive Type
Apathetic Type
Paranoid Type
Other Type
Combined Type
Unspecified Type

[Indicate General Medical C ondition]

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Tic-Related ocd
Panic Disorder
Substance-Induced (indicate substance) Tic Disorder
Tic Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition
With G ood or Fair Insight
Hoarding Disorder With Excessive Aquisition
With Poor Insight
Delusional
Hair-Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)

With Predominantly Psychological Signs and Symptoms
With Predominantly Physical Signs and Symptoms
With Combined Psychological and Physical Signs and Symptoms

Sexually A ttracted to Males
Sexually A ttracted to Females
Sexually A ttracted to B oth

[Etiolog y as Subty pe]

Psychosis Risk Syndrome
Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Delusional Disorder [Specify if delusions are bizarre]
With Marked Stressor (s)
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Without Marked Stressor (s)
With Post partum Onset
Psychotic Disorder Due to .... With Hallucinations [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Psychotic Disorder Due to ... With Delusions [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Psychotic Disorder nos

Schizophrenia
and Other
Psychotic
Disorders

With Full Interepisode R ecovery
Without Full Interepisode R ecovery
With Seasonal Pattern
With R apid Cy cling

Chronic
Bipolar i Disorder
With Post partum Onset
With Melancholic Features
With A ty pical Features
Bipolar ii Disorder
Most R ecent/Current Episode Hy pomanic
Most R ecent/Current Episode Depressed
Cyclothymic Disorder
Bipolar Disorder nos
With Depressive Features
With Major Depressive-Like Episode
Mood Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
With Manic Features
With Depressive Features
With Mixed Features
With Onset D uring Intoxication
With
Manic
Features
Substance-Induced Mood Disorder
With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With Mixed Features
Mood Disorder nos

Fetishism
Frotteurism
Pedophilia
Sexual Masochism
Sexual Sadism

Delirium Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Delirium Due to Multiple Etiologies
Delirium nos

Related Disorder

use

Recent
Recent
Recent
Recent
Recent

With Self-Injurious Behavior

Opioid-Induced Sleep Disorder
Opioid-Related Disorder nos

In a C ontrolled Environment
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Dependence Without Physiological Dependence
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Abuse
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Intoxication
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Withdrawal With Perceptual D isturbances
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Intoxication Delirium
Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Withdrawal Delirium
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Persisting Dementia
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder
With Delusions
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Psychotic Disorder With
Hallucinations
With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Mood Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Anxiety Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Sexual Dysfunction With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Induced Sleep Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
Sedative-, Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Related Disorder nos

Most
Most
Most
Most
Most

[Or may move to Anxiety/O bsessive C ompulsive D isorders]

Disorder of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence nos
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Preschool Children
Temper Dysregulation Disorder with Dysphoria
Non-Suicidal Self Injury
Subthreshold
Non-Suicidal Self Injury nos
Intent Uncertain

Opioid-Use Disorder
Opioid Intoxication
Opioid Withdrawal
Opioid Intoxication Delirium
Opioid-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Opioid-Induced Mood Disorder
Opioid-Induced Sexual Disorder

use

With Physiological Dependence
Without Physiological Dependence

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

use

Disorders

On Agonist T herapy

In a C ontrolled Environment

Polysubstance Dependence

Early Onset

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Nicotine-Use Disorder Severe
Nicotine Withdrawal
Nicotine-Related Disorder nos

OpioidRelated

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

[Or may move to Anxiety/O bsessive C ompulsive D isorders]

use

NicotineRelated

Phencyclidine Intoxication With Perceptual D isturbances
Phencyclidine Intoxication Delirium
With Delusions
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Phencyclidine-Induced Psychotic Disorder With
Hallucinations
With
Onset
D
uring
Intoxication
Phencyclidine-Induced Mood Disorder
Phencyclidine-Induced Anxiety Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Phencyclidine-Related Disorder nos

Transvestic Fetishism
Voyeurism
Paraphilia nos

Factitious Disorder With Psychological Symptoms
Factitious Disorder nos

InhalentRelated
induced

Opioid-Induced Psychotic Disorder With Hallucinations With Onset D uring Intoxication
Opioid-Induced Mood Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Opioid-Induced Sexual Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Opioid-Induced Sleep Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
Opioid-Related Disorder nos
Phencyclidine Dependence
Phencyclidine Abuse

use

Disorders

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

Nocturnal Only
D iurnal Only
Nocturnal and D iurnal

Caffeine-Related Disorder nos

CocaineRelated

With Physiological Dependence

With Constipation and Overf low Incontinence

Personality Change Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Mental Disorder nos Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]

use

Dependence Without Physiological Dependence
Abuse
Intoxication With Perceptual D isturbances
Withdrawal
Intoxication Delirium

Callous and Unemotional Traits

[Or may move to Anxiety/O bsessive C ompulsive D isorders]

Encopresis Without Constipation and Overf low Incontinence
Enuresis (Not D ue to a General Medical C ondition)

Mood Disorder Due to ...

Amphetamine

Partial R emission
In a C ontrolled Environment
Hallucinogen Dependence Early
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission
Hallucinogen Abuse
Hallucinogen Intoxication
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks)
Hallucinogen Intoxication Delirium
With Delusions
Hallucinogen-Induced Psychotic Disorder With Hallucinations With Onset D uring Intoxication
Hallucinogen-Induced Mood Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Hallucinogen-Induced Anxiety Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Hallucinogen-Related Disorder nos

Opioid
Opioid
Opioid
Opioid
Opioid

Tourette’s Disorder
Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Provisional Tic Disorder
Tic Disorder nos

Minor Neurocognitive Disorder

induced

With Physiological Dependence

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-Deficit Disorder
Childhood-Onset Type
Adolescent-Onset Type
Conduct Disorder
Unspecified Onset
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Disruptive Behavior Disorder nos

Minor

use

With Onset D uring Intoxication

Nicotine Dependence
Without Physiological Dependence
Nicotine Withdrawal
Nicotine-Related Disorder nos

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Neurocognitive
Disorders

induced

Early Full R emission

With Delusions
With Hallucinations

Expressive Language Disorder
Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder
Phonological Disorder
Stuttering
Communication Disorder nos

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Disorders

Partial R emission
In a C ontrolled Environment
Cannabis Dependence Without Physiological Dependence Early
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission
Cannabis Abuse
Cannabis Intoxication With Perceptual D isturbances
Cannabis Intoxication Delirium
With Delusions
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder With
Hallucinations

Cocaine-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Cocaine-Induced Mood Disorder
Cocaine-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Cocaine-Induced Sexual Disorder
Cocaine-Induced Sleep Disorder
Cocaine-Related Disorder nos

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Neurocognitive
Disorders

AlcoholRelated

Caffeine Intoxication
Caffeine-Induced Anxiety Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Caffeine-Related Disorder nos

With Physiological Dependence

Delirium

use

With Physiological Dependence
In a C ontrolled Environment
Amphetamine Dependence Without
Physiological Dependence
Amphetamine Abuse
Amphetamine Intoxication With Perceptual D isturbances
Amphetamine Withdrawal
Amphetamine Intoxication Delirium
With Delusions
Amphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder With Hallucinations With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Amphetamine-Induced Mood Disorder With
Onset D uring Withdrawal
Amphetamine-Induced Anxiety Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
Amphetamine-Induced Sexual Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Amphetamine-Induced Sleep Disorder With
Onset D uring Withdrawal
Amphetamine-Related Disorder nos

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

Dyslexia
Dyscalculia
Learning Disabilities

Selective Mutism
Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood

Disorders of
Infancy,
Early Childhood,
or Adolescence

Early Full R emission
Early Partial R emission
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission

Dependence Without Physiological Dependence
Abuse
Intoxication With Perceptual D isturbances
Withdrawal
Intoxication Delirium

Tic
Disorders

Intellectual Disability
Intellectual or Global Developmental Delay Not Further Specified

Separation Anxiety Disorder

With Physiological Dependence
Early Partial R emission
In a C ontrolled Environment
Alcohol Dependence Without
Physiological Dependence
Sustained Full R emission
Sustained Partial R emission
Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol Intoxication
Alcohol Withdrawal With Perceptual D isturbances
Alcohol Intoxication Delirium
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
Alcohol-Induced Persisting Dementia
Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder
With Delusions
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder With
Hallucinations
With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Alcohol-Induced Mood Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Alcohol-Induced Anxiety Disorder With
Onset D uring Withdrawal
Alcohol-Induced Sexual Disorder With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder With
Onset D uring Withdrawal
Alcohol-Related Disorder nos

Cocaine
Cocaine
Cocaine
Cocaine
Cocaine

and Disruptive
Behavior Disorders

Transient
Chronic

[Indicate General Medical C ondition]

Cannabis-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Cannabis-Related Disorder nos

AttentionDeficit

Elimination
Disorders

Cognitive Disorder nos

a xis ii

dsm, dsm-iv, and dsm-iv-tr are trademarks of the
American Psychiatric Association. dsm text selections are
reprinted here under academic fair use for purposes of
scholarly analysis. This poster may not be reproduced
without permission or sold commercially.

Disorders

Substance Intoxication Delirium
Substance Withdrawal Delirium
Delirium Due to Multiple Etiologies
Delirium nos

axis
ii

for a bibliogr aphy of works consulted, process drawings,
notes on methodology and plans for future iterations,
or to report errors and submit feedback, please visit
visualdiagnosis . org .

Autism
Spectrum

Inhibited Type
Disinhibited Type

Exhibitionism

colophon
this poster was created in Adobe Illustrator cs4
with a Wacom drawing tablet, a 15 inch MacBook and
a Caffeine-Related Sleep Disorder. It was printed by
Maurice Sherman at The School of Art, Media and
Technology, Parsons New York, New York.

Disorders

[Indicate General Medical C ondition]

Noncompliance with Treatment
Malingering
Adult Antisocial Behavior
Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior

this project was researched and designed by
Amelia Grohman and submitted as a senior thesis in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Fine Arts in Communication Design
at Parsons The New School for Design, May 2010.

Communication

Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Depersonalization Disorder
Dissociative Disorder nos

Exclusive Ty pe
Nonexclusive Ty pe

Generalized
Situational

Nocturnal Only
D iurnal Only
Nocturnal and D iurnal

Separation Anxiety Disorder Early Onset
Selective Mutism
Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood
Stereotypic Movement Disorder With Self-Injurious Behavior
Disorder of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence nos

Factitious Disorder
Factitious Disorder nos

Dissociative
Disorders

Psy chogenic Only
Psy chogenic and Biogenic
(code Biogenic on A xis III)

Disorder

With Constipation and Overf low Incontinence
Without Constipation and Overf low Incontinence

Somatization Disorder
With Motor Symptom or Deficit
Undifferentiated Somatization Disorder
With Sensory Symptom or Deficit
With Seizures or C onvulsions
Conversion Disorder
With Mixed Presentation
Associated with Psychological Factors
Pain Disorder Associated with Both Psychological Factors and a General Medical Condition
Hypochrondriasis With Poor Insight
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Somatization Disorder nos

Somatoform
Disorders

biological dysfunction

indicator for a mental disorder, but none is equivalent to the

Tourette’s Disorder
Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Single Episode
Transient Tic Disorder
R ecurrent
Tic Disorder nos

Panic Disorder Without Agoraphobia
Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia
Animal Ty pe
Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder Natural Environment Ty pe
Blood-Injection-Injury Ty pe
Situational Ty pe
Specific Phobia
Other Ty pe
Social Phobia Generalized
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Poor Insight
Acute
With Delay ed Onset
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Chronic
Acute Stress Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
With Generalized Anxiety
Anxiety Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
With Panic A ttacks
With O bsessive- C ompulsive Symptoms
With Generalized Anxiety
Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder
With Onset D uring Intoxication
With Panic A ttacks
With Onset D uring Withdrawal
With O bsessive- C ompulsive Symptoms
Anxiety Disorder nos
With Phobic Symptoms

Movement Disorders

e That is not primarily a result of social

From Introduction, “Definition of a Mental Disorder”

Bipolar
Disorders

Specify Current Severity of Agoraphobic Avoidance

Limited to Incest

Intellectual
Disability

Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Delusional Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Shared Psychotic Disorder
With Delusions
Psychotic Disorder Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition] With
Hallucinations
With Onset D uring Intoxication
Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder With Onset D uring Withdrawal
Psychotic Disorder nos

Depressive
Disorders

Mild
Moderate
Mixed
Severe Without Psychotic Features
Mood- C ongr uent Psy chotic Features
Manic
Seasonal Pattern
Severe With Psychotic Features
Mood-Incongr uent Psy chotic Features
Depressed
In Full Remission
In Partial Remission
Unspecified
Seasonal Pattern
Mild
Moderate
Severe Without Psychotic Features
Single Episode Chronic Melancholic Ty pe
Mood- C ongr uent Psy chotic Features
Severe With Psychotic Features
Recurrent Seasonal Pattern Chronic Melancholic Ty pe
Mood-Incongr uent Psy chotic Features
In Full Remission
Primary Ty pe
Early Onset
In Partial Remission
Secondary Ty pe
Late Onset
Unspecified
Seasonal Pattern

Exhibitionism
Fetishism
Frotteurism
Same Sex
Opposite Sex
Pedophilia
Same and Opposite Sex
Sexual Masochism
Sexual Sadism
Transvestic Fetishism
Voyeurism
Paraphilia nos

Pica
Rumination Disorder
Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood

With Interepisode R esidual Symptoms
Paranoid Type
Episodic
Without Interepisode R esidual Symptoms
Disorganized Type
C ontinuous With Prominent Negative Symptoms
In Partial R emission With Prominent Negative Symptoms
Catatonic Type
Single Episode
In Full R emission
Undifferentiated Type
Other or Unspecified Pattern
Residual Type
Without G ood Prognostic Features
With G ood Prognostic Features
Bipolar Ty pe
Erotomanic Ty pe
Depressive Ty pe
G randiose Ty pe
Jealous Ty pe
Persecutory Ty pe
With Marked Stressor (s)
Without Marked Stressor (s) S omatic Ty pe
Mixed Ty pe
With Post partum Onset
Unspecified Ty pe

Schizophrenia
and Other
Psychotic
Disorders

Multiple Personality Disorder
Psychogenic Fugue
Psychogenic Amnesia
Depersonalization Disorder (or Depersonalization Neurosis)
Dissociative Disorder nos

Dissociative
Disorders

s o u r c e : American Psychiatric Association. http:// www. dsm5. org , 2010.

Childhood-Onset Type
Adolescent-Onset Type
Unspecified Onset

Related Disorder

Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Conversion Disorder (or Hysterical Neurosis, conversion type)
Hypochondriasis (or Hypochondriacal Neurosis)
Somatization Disorder
Somatoform Pain Disorder
Undifferentiated Somatiform Disorder
Somatoform Disorder nos

Somatoform
Disorders

Combined Type
Predominantly Inattentive Type
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder nos
Conduct Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Disruptive Behavior Disorder nos

With Physiological Dependence

Hypnotic-, or
Anxiolytic-Related
Disorders

Panic Disorder Without Agoraphobia Specify Current Severity of Panic A ttacks
With Limited Symptom Ef fects
Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder Without Limited Symptom Ef fects
Social Phobia Generalized Type
Simple Phobia
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (or Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Delay ed Onset
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder nos

Anxiety
Disorders

in determining its relevence for the 21st century.

With Delusions

induced

a particular event

pattern, etiology, and statistical deviation... Each is a useful
concept, and different situations call for different definitions.”

InhalentRelated
Disorders

d That reflects an underlying psycho“... distress, dysfunction, dyscontrol,

use

Sedative-,

Major Depression
Dysthymia (or Depressive Neurosis)
Depressive Disorder nos

how adaptive the system can truly be, will be critical

Early Full R emission

Delirium
Dementia
Amnestic Disorder
Organic Delusional Disorder
Organic Hallucinosis
Organic Mood Disorder
Organic Anxiety Disorder
Organic Personality Disorder
Organic Mental Disorder nos

Depressive
Disorders

Autistic Disorder
Rett’s Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Asperger’s Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder nos

With Physiological Dependence

Alcohol Intoxication
Alcohol Idiosyncratic Intoxication
Uncomplicated Alcohol Withdrawal
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
Alcohol-Induced Hallucinosis
Alcohol-Induced Amnestic Disorder
Dementia Associated with Alcoholism
Amphetamine Intoxication
Amphetamine Withdrawal
Amphetamine-Induced Delirium
Amphetamine Delusional Disorder
Caffeine Intoxication
Cannabis Intoxication
Cannabis-Induced Delusional Disorder
Cocaine Intoxication
Cocaine Withdrawal
Cocaine-Induced Delirium
Cocaine-Induced Delusional Disorder
Hallucinogen-Induced Hallucinosis
Hallucinogen-Induced Delusional Disorder
Hallucinogen-Induced Mood Disorder
Posthallucinogen Perception Disorder
Inhalent Intoxication
Nicotine Withdrawal
Opioid Intoxication
Opioid Withdrawal
Phencyclidine Intoxication
Phencyclidine-Induced Delirium
Phencyclidine-Induced Delusional Disorder
Phencyclidine-Induced Mood Disorder
Phencyclidine-Induced Organic Mental Disorder nos
Sedative Intoxication
Uncomplicated Sedative, Hynotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal
Sedative Withdrawal Delirium
Sedative-Induced Amnestic Disorder
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance Intoxication
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance Withdrawal
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Delirium
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Dementia
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Amnestic Disorder
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Delusional Disorder
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Hallucinosis
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Mood Disorder
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Personality Disorder
Other or Unspecified Psychoactive Substance-Induced Organic Mental Disorder nos

Bipolar Disorder
Cyclothymia
Bipolar Disorder nos

Other

Disorders
of Impulse
Control Not
Elsewhere
Classified

Disorders

[Etiolog y on A xis III, eg. Pick’s D isease, Jakob - Creutzfeldt D isease]

Bipolar
Disorders

orgasm

Factitious
Disorders

CaffeineRelated

Atypical Anxiety Disorder

Somatization Disorder
Conversion Disorder (or Hysterical Neurosis, conversion type)
Psychogenic Pain Disorder
Hypochondriasis (or Hypochondriacal Neurosis)
Somatoform Pain Disorder
Atypical Somatiform Disorder

Somatoform
Disorders

induced

Brief Reactive Psychosis
Without G ood Prognostic Features
Schizophreniform Disorder
With G ood Prognostic Features
Bipolar Ty pe
Schizoaffective Disorder
Depressive Ty pe
Induced Psychotic Disorder
Psychotic Disorder nos (Atypical Psychosis)

Psychotic
Disorders
Not Elsewhere
Classified

Agoraphobia With Panic Attacks
Agoraphobia Without Panic Attacks
Social Phobia
Simple Phobia

(Or
Amphetamine-Like)Related Disorders

Primary Degenerative Dementia of the Alzheimer Type, Presenile Onset
Multi-Infarct Dementia
Senile Dementia nos [Etiolog y on A xis III]

Delusional (Paranoid) Disorder

handles the dsm’s delivery as a ‘living document,’ and

Early Full R emission

use

Amphetamine

Elective Mutism
Identity Disorder
Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood
Stereotypy/Habit Disorder
Undifferentiated Attention-Deficit Disorder

Disorganized
Catatonic
Paranoid Stable Ty pe
Undifferentiated
Residual Late Onset

proposed draft criteria for the first time. How the apa

Personality Change Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
Mental Disorder nos Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]

use

Cluttering
Stuttering

Schizophrenia

Delusional
(Paranoid)
Disorder

Atypical Bipolar Disorder
Atypical Depression

Primary Ty pe
Secondary Ty pe
Primary Ty pe
Secondary Ty pe

Presenile Dementia nos

Delirium
Dementia
Amnestic Syndrome
Organic Delusional Syndrome
Organic Hallucinosis
Organic Affective Syndrome
Organic Personality Syndrome
Atypical or Mixed Organic Brain Syndrome

Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol Dependence (Alcoholism)
Barbituate Abuse
Barbituate Dependence
Opioid Abuse
Opioid Dependence
Cocaine Abuse
Amphetamine Abuse
Amphetamine Dependence
Phencyclidine Abuse
Hallucinogen Abuse
Cannabis Abuse
Cannabis Dependence
Tobacco Dependence
Other, Mixed or Unspecified Substance Abuse
Other Specified Substance Dependence
Other Unspecified Substance Dependence
Dependence on Combination of Opioid and Other Non-Alcoholic Substance
Dependence on Combination of Substances, Excluding Opioids and Alcohol

Functional Encopresis
Functional Enuresis

of online (though not visible) public comment on its

Expressive Language Disorder
Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder
Phonological Disorder
Stuttering
Communication Disorder nos

Catatonic Disorder Due to ...

induced

Primary Degenerative Dementia of the Alzheimer Type, Senile Onset

With Depression
Uncomplicated
Alcohol Intoxication
Alcohol Idiosyncratic Intoxication
Uncomplicated Alcohol Withdrawal
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
Alcohol-Induced Hallucinosis
Alcohol-Induced Amnestic Disorder
Mild
Dementia Associated with Alcoholism Moderate
Severe
Unspecified
Barbituate Intoxication
Barbituate Withdrawal
Barbituate Withdrawal Delirium
Barbituate-Induced Amnestic Disorder
Opioid Intoxication
Opioid Withdrawal
Cocaine Intoxication
Amphetamine Intoxication
Amphetamine-Induced Delirium
Amphetamine-Induced Delusional Disorder
Amphetamine-Induced Withdrawal
Phencyclidine Intoxication
Phencyclidine-Induced Delirium
Phencyclidine-Induced Mixed Organic Mental Disorder
Hallucinogen-Induced Hallucinosis
Hallucinogen-Induced Delusional Disorder
Hallucinogen-Induced Affective Disorder
Cannabis Intoxication
Cannabis-Induced Delusional Disorder
Tobacco Withdrawal
Caffeine Intoxication
Other or Unspecified Substance Intoxication
Other or Unspecified Withdrawal
Other or Unspecified Substance-Induced Delirium
Other or Unspecified Substance-Induced Dementia
Other or Unspecified Substance-Induced Amnestic Disorder
Other or Unspecified Substance-Induced Delusional Disorder
Other or Unspecified Substance-Induced Hallucinosis
Other or Unspecified Substance-Induced Affective Disorder
Other or Unspecified Substance-Induced Personality Disorder
Other or Unspecified Substance-Induced Atypical or Mixed Organic Mental Disorder

Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Pica
Rumination Disorder of Infancy
Eating Disorder nos

Gender
Identity
Disorders

Not Elsewhere
Classified

c Must not be merely an expectable
response to common stressors and losses

Eating
Disorders

Elimination
Disorders
Speech
Disorders

Full Syndrome Present

Infantile Autism
Residual State
Full Syndrome Present
Childhood Onset Pervasive Developmental Disorder Residual State
Full Syndrome Present
Atypical Pervasive Developmental Disorder Residual State

Mixed
Manic
Depressed
Single Episode
Recurrent

Separation Anxiety Disorder
Avoidant Disorder of Childhood or Adolescence
Overanxious Disorder

of Childhood or
Adolescence

Other

Cognitive Disorders

Disorders

a xis ii

also true for such concepts as physical disorder and mental

b The consequences of which are clinically

Stuttering
Functional Enuresis
Functional Encopresis
Sleepwalking Disorder
Sleep Terror Disorder

Bipolar Disorder
Major Depression

Anxiety
Disorders

Group Type
Solitary Aggressive Type
Undifferentiated Type

medicine are made. In 2010, the apa allowed a period

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Dementia Due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease [C ode Creutzfeldt-Jakob on A xis III]
Without Behavioral Disturbance
Dementia Due to ... [Indicate General Medical C ondition]
With Behavioral Disturbance
Substance-Induced Persisting Dementia
Dementia Due to Multiple Etiologies [C ode Each of the Specific Etiologies]
Dementia nos

AlcoholRelated

Developmental Disorder nos
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Conduct Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder

rapidly as advances in neurobiology and personalized

a xis ii

interpretations, are, in fact, unjustified.”

Disorders
Usually First
Diagnosed
in Infancy,
Childhood or
Adolescence

Transient Tic Disorder
Chronic Motor Tic Disorder
Tourette’s Disorder
Atypical Tic Disorder
Atypical Stereotyped Movement Disorder

Disorganized
Catatonic
Paranoid
Undifferentiated
Residual

Developmental Arithmetic Disorder
Developmental Expressive Writing Disorder
Developmental Reading Disorder
Developmental Articulation Disorder
Developmental Expressive Language Disorder
Developmental Receptive Language Disorder
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Specific Developmental Disorder nos

Disruptive
Behavior
Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia
Pica
Rumination Disorder of Infancy
Atypical Eating Disorder

Developmental Reading Disorder
Developmental Arithmetic Disorder
Developmental Language Disorder
Developmental Articulation Disorder
Mixed Specific Developmental Disorder
Atypical Specific Developmental Disorder

Mental
Disorders Due
to a General
Medical
Condition
Not Elsewhere
Classified

Autistic Disorder Childhood Onset
Pervasive Developmental Disorder nos

With Agoraphobia

a “A behavioral or psychological syndrome
or pattern that occurs in an individual

Dementia

Amnestic
Disorders

Disorders

Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy
Schizoid Disorder of Childhood or Adolescence
Elective Mutism
Oppositional Disorder
Identity Disorder

a xis ii

mental disorders. The Committee can only aver that such

Delirium,
Dementia,
and Amnestic
and Other
Cognitive
Disorders

a xis ii

“Invariably some users of this Manual

Other
Developmental

intended to reflect its stated intent to evolve more

Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type, with Early Onset
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type, with Late Onset

Mild Mental Retardation
Moderate Mental Retardation
Severe Mental Retardation
Profound Mental Retardation
Mental Retardation, Severity Unspecified

axis
ii

dsm-ii

Proposed Definition

Disorders

a xis ii

From Introduction to the Revised Nomenclature, page 9

dsm-5

(or Anxiety Neuroses)

Stress Disorder

Personality
Disorders

“... disturbances of mental functioning ...”

Anxiety
States

PostTraumatic

Psychological
Factors
Affecting
Physical
Condition

*Definition of a Mental Disorder

Affective Disorders

Affective Disorders

Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adult Life
Late Life

Social Maladjustments Without Manifest Psychiatric Disorder
Marital Maladjustment
Social Maladjustment
Occupational Maladjustment
Dyssocial Behavior
Other Social Maladjustment
Non-specific Conditions
No Mental Disorder

Diagnosis Deferred
Boarder
Experiment Only
Other

Other Specific

Gender
Identity
Disorders

Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood (or Adolescence)
Withdrawing Reaction of Childhood (or Adolescence)
Overanxious Reaction of Childhood (or Adolescence)
Runaway Reaction of Childhood (or Adolescence)
Unsocialized Aggressive Reaction of Childhood (or Adolescence)
Group Delinquent Reaction of Childhood (or Adolescence)
Other Reaction of Childhood (or Adolescence)

Specific
Developmental

Schizophreniform Disorder
Brief Reactive Psychosis
Schizoaffective Disorder
Atypical Psychosis

Major

Anxiety
Disorders

Undersocialized, Aggressive
Undersocialized, Nonaggressive
Socialized, Aggressive
Socialized, Nonaggressive
Atypical

Paranoia
Shared Paranoid Disorder
Acute Paranoid Disorder
Atypical Paranoid Disorder

Psychotic
Disorders
Not Elsewhere
Classified

Affective
Disorders

Disorders

Separation Anxiety Disorder
Avoidant Disorder of Childhood or Adolescence
Overanxious Disorder

Schizophrenia

Paranoid
Disorders

Adjustment
Disorders

dsm-i

p h e n c yc l i d i n e ( p c p )
o r si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
a ry l c yc l o h e x y l amine
hallucinogen

t o b ac c o

[Specifiers that could be applied to any of the above]

With Psychotic Reaction (redundant with Psychotic Disorders)
With Neurotic Reaction (redundant with Psychoneurotic Disorders)
With Behavioral Reaction (redundant with Personality Disorders)

a m p h e ta m i n e o r
si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
s y m pat h o m i m e t i c

can na bis

Alcoholic Intoxication (Simple Drunkenness)
Boarder
Dead on Admission
Diagnosis Deferred
Disease None
Examination Only
Experiment Only
Malingerer
Observation
Tests Only

Nondiagnostic
Terms for
Hospital
Record

neuroses

hallucinogen

t o b ac c o

Simple Type
Hebephrenic Type
Excited
Catatonic Type
Withdrawn
Paranoid Type
Acute Schizophrenic Episode
Latent Type
Residual Type
Excited
Schizo-Affective Type
Withdrawn
Childhood Type
Chronic Undifferentiated Type
Other (and Unspecified) Types

Anxiety Neurosis
Conversion Type
Hysterical Neurosis Dissociative
Type
Phobic Neurosis
Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis
Depressive Neurosis
Neuroasthenic Neurosis
Depersonalization Neurosis
Hypochonriacal Neurosis
Other Neurosis
Unspecified Neurosis

p h e n c yc l i d i n e ( p c p )
o r si m i l a r ly ac t i n g
a ry l c yc l o h e x y l amine

can na bis

Severe
distur bance of
m e ta b o l i s m,
g r o w t h, n u t r i t i o n
or endocrine
function

Eating
Disorders

Pervasive
Developmental

a xis ii

systems being used in civilian psychiatry (largely

Other
Disorders of
Infancy,
Childhood or
Adolescence

Disorder,
Disorder,
Disorder,
Disorder,
Disorder,

Mental
Retardation

With Other Behavioral Symptoms
Without Other Behavioral Symptoms

Attention
Deficit
Disorder

Stereotyped
Movement
Disorders

Statistics. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington: apa.

Early psychiatric taxonomies were primarily statisti-

t r au m a

Disorders
Usually First
Diagnosed
in Infancy,
Childhood or
Adolescence

s o u r c e : American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and

dsm-i

i n t ox i c at i o n

Delirium

process for a new revision only three years later.

Statistics. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington: apa.

Mild Mental Retardation
Moderate Mental Retardation
Severe Mental Retardation
Profound Mental Retardation
Mental Retardation, Severity Unspecified

Arabic numerals for the next edition of the dsm is

Reading Disorder
Mathematics Disorder
Disorder of Written Expression
Learning Disorder nos

Delirium Due to ...

a x i s i i : d e v e l o pm e n ta l d i s o r d e r s

It attempted, however, through use of deliberate

Acute Brain
Disorders

Disorders of
Infancy,
Early Childhood,
or Adolescence

as never before. It was the first edition to introduce

goal of standardization with the World Health

Syndrome Associated with Intracranial Infection [Specify Infection]
Syndrome Associated with Systemic Infection [Specify Infection]
Syndrome, Drug or Poison Intoxication [Specify D r ug or Poison]
Hallucinosis
Syndrome, Alcohol Intoxication Acute
Delirium Tremens
Syndrome Associated with Trauma [Specify Trauma]

Elimination
Disorders
Other

Reflecting “an increased commitment in our field

Mental
Retardation

The second dsm was written with the expressed

Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain

Tic
Disorders

b l u e b o o k”

s o u r c e : American Psychiatric Association, Task Force on Nomenclature and

and Disruptive
Behavior Disorders

[Disorders henceforth are a xis i unless otherwise noted ]

dsm-ii

noted by clinicians.

Acute
Acute
Acute
Acute
Acute

“t h e

AttentionDeficit

of Infancy of
Early Childhood

Third edition, 1980.

with any subtypes or specifiers to be

infection

g r e e n b o o k”

Disorders

Feeding
and Eating
Disorders

dsm-iii-r

that they be recorded separately (axis iii).

dsm-5 Proposed Revisions current as of May 17, 2010.

These are presented here in the order

“t h e

Disorders
Usually First
Diagnosed
in Infancy,
Childhood or
Adolescence

Pervasive
Developmental

f u t u r e m a n u a l”

The change in naming convention from Roman to

Disorder

1987

dsm-iii

disorders as they were renamed,

Mild Mental Retardation
Moderate Mental Retardation
Severe Mental Retardation
Profound Mental Retardation
Mental Retardation, Severity Unspecified

a xis ii

Mental
Retardation

reveal the edition in which a category
or mental disorder was introduced,

( )

“t h e

the colors in this chart

Manual of Mental Disorders (dsm) has

dsm-5.0

s o u r c e : American Psychiatric Association, Task Force on dsm-iv. Diagnostic and

Disorders

Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical

2013

edition to include disorders caused by the psychophar-

Communication

the a merican psychiatric

r e d b o o k”

Problems
Related to
Abuse
or Neglect

Additional
Conditions
That May
Be a Focus
of Clinical
Attention

5
4
3
2
1

=
=
=
=
=

Very Good Match: patient exemplifies this type
Good Match: patient significantly resembles this type
Moderate Match: patient has prominent features of this type
Slight Match: patient has minor features of this type
No Match: description does not apply

Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Neuroleptic-Induced Acute Dystonia
Neuroleptic-Induced Acute Akathisia
Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia
Medication-Induced Postural Tremor
Medication-Induced Movement Disorder nos
Adverse Effects of Medication nos
Parent-Child Relational Problem
Relational Problem Related to a Mental Disorder or General Medical Condition
Partner Relational Problem
Sibling Relational Problem
Relational Problem nos
Physical Abuse of Child
Sexual Abuse of Child
Neglect of Child
Physical Abuse of Adult
Sexual Abuse of Adult

By Partner
By Person Other than Partner
By Partner
By Person Other than Partner

Noncompliance with Treatment
Malingering
Adult Antisocial Behavior
Child or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
Borderline Intellectual Functioning
Age-Related Cognitive Decline
Bereavement
Academic Problem
Occupational Problem
Identity Problem
Religious or Spiritual Problem
Acculturation Problem
Phase of Life Problem

0
1
2
3

=
=
=
=

Very little or not at all descriptive
Mildly descriptive
Moderately descriptive
Extremely descriptive

0
1
2
3
4

=
=
=
=
=

No Impairment
Mild Impairment
Moderate Impairment
Serious Impairment
Extreme Impairment

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