TOA 3 Finishes
Content
FINISH materials
Finish 1. FINISH FLOORING Image Description
1.1. Solid Wood Flooring
Solid wood flooring is available in strips and planks. Solid hardwood floors are made of planks milled from a single piece of timber. They were originally used for structural purposes. Solid wood floors have a thicker wear surface and can be sanded and finished more times than an engineered wood floor.
1.2. Laminated Wood Flooring
Laminated Wood Flooring assembles high-pressure laminates, including wood veneers, into durable, acrylic-urethane sealed paneld. Bamboo is also laminated under high pressure, milled into planks, immersed in polyurethane, and coated with acrylic polyurethane. Most bamboo products must travel long distances to reach US market.
1.3. Ceramic Tiles
Ceramic mosaic tiles are small, modular units of natural clay or porcelain – widely used for flooring. The natural clay type is unglazed, with muted earth colors; the porcelains can have bright colors and are vitreous (glasslike, dense, and impervious).
1.4. Quarry Tiles and Pavers
Quarry tiles and pavers are larger modular flooring materials. Quarry tiles are unglazed units of heat-hardened clay.
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1.5. Slate Stone Tiles
Slate Stone tile is a type of stone used for flooring with colors of reddish browns, grays, blues, and blacks. They’re available in square or irregular in shapes and can be formal or informal.
1.6. Marble Stone Tiles
Marble Stone tile is a type of stone used for flooring which commonly has colors of white, pinks, greens, and browns. It lends itself to high polish and formal elegance.
1.7. Granite Stone Tiles
Granite Stone tile is a type of stone used for flooring which consists of over 200 colors. These tiles are polished well, also honed or thermal finishes.
1.8. Plain Cement Finish
Concrete can be used as a finish floor surface if smooth and level enough. It should be sealed against stains and grease. Concrete can be painted, stained, or integrally colored when cast. Concrete can be finished in many ways, depending on the intended service use. Options include various colors and textures, such as plain cement finish.
1.9. Terrazzo, Standard
Standard terrazzo is a ground and polished finish that consists mainly of relatively small stone chips.
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1.10. Terrazzo, Venetian
Venetian terrazzo consists mainly of large stone chips, with smaller chips filling the spaces between.
1.11. Linoleum Sheets
Linoleum sheets come in rolls from 6 feet (1829 mm) to 15 feet (4572 mm) wide. They can be cut into patterns in the factory or the field. The pattern of linoleum and cork have consistent color throughout.
1.12. Vinyl Sheets
Vinyl sheets offer the best resilience. It provides a seamless floor and resists staining, grease, and cigarette burns well. It is not a sustainable material.
1.13. Vinyl Tiles
The pattern on vinyl tiles can wear off. It is easier to install if the floor outline is irregular. It resist staining, grease, and cigarette burns well.
1.14. Rubber Tiles
Rubber tiles, like vinyl sheet and linoleum and cork products, offer the best resilience when it comes to performance and sustainability.
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1.15. Carpet Tiles
Carpet tiles are modular pieces of carpet that can be laid to resemble a seamless wall-to-wall installation or can be arranged in subtle or bold patterns. They are designed to be used in both residential and commercial settings. They are usually constructed by tufting, although some are made by fusion bonding. Carpet tiles can easily be cut to fit odd-shaped contours with a minimum of waste. They can also be moved eaasily and reused.
1.16. Room-sized Rugs
Room-sized rugs cover most of a room’s floor, leaving a strip of finish flooring exposed along the room’s edges. They approximate the appearance of wall-to-wall carpeting but can be moved if desired, removed for cleaning when necessary, and turned for more even distribution of wear.
1.17. Area Rugs
Area rugs cover a smaller portion of a room’s floor and can be used to define an area, unify a furniture grouping, or delineate a path. Decorative rugs, especially handmade ones, can also serve as a dominant design element and provide a focal point for a room’s arrangement.
2. WALL FINISHES
These are naturally occurring stones that are applied to the wall, it is a beautiful sophisticated look that produces beautiful finishes that are hard to match. Options are different size stones and colour that are subject to availability. Visit our showroom to see different selection of natural stones. Stone finish is for both interior and exterior.
2.1. Stone Finish
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2.2. Wood Wall Panels
Wood panelling consists of a series of thin sheets of wood framed together by strips of wood. Vertical strips are called stiles, and horizontal strips are referred to as rails. Wood panelling inscludes solid lumber paneling, wood veneer paneling, and plasticlaminate faced wood paneling.
2.3. Plaster Finish
Plaster is a composition of gypsum or lime, water, sand, and sometimes other fiber, it is applied in a pasty form to the surfaces of walls or ceilings and allowed to harden and dry. Gypsum plaster is a durable, relatively lightweight, and fireresistant material that can be used on any wall or ceiling surface that is not subject to moist or wet conditions. Veneer or thin-coat plaster is a ready-mixed gypsum plaster applied as a very thin skim coat finish over a veneer gypsum board base, commonly called blueboard.
2.4. Drywall, Gypsum Board or Cement Board
Gypsum board is often called drywall or plasterboard – consists of a gypsum core surfaced with paper or other covering material. It may be finished by painting or by the application of ceramic tile or flexible wall covering.
2.5. Ceramic Wall Tiles
Ceramic wall tiles are modular surfacing units of fired clay and other ceramic materials. They provide a permanent, durable, waterproof surface for interior walls. They are available in bright or matte glazes in a wide range of colors and surface designs.
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2.6. Glass Tiles
Glass tile can be used on walls, floors, and countertops, both interior and exterior. Manufactured glass tiles with flat surfaces and regular dimensions are easier to install than hand-cut, highly textured tiles. Colored manufactured glass tiles are installed with white thinset adhesive with a latex additive and latex-modified grout.
2.7. Wallpaper
Wallpaper has a paper face and a paper back. It is not commonly used in commercial design, as it is subject to soiling, abrasion, and fading, and is not tested for flame resistance.
2.8. Photographic Wall Covering
Photographic wall murals are the perfect addition to any space. They add dimension and personality to your everyday living spaces. Photographic wall murals are easy to install and care for.
2.9. Paint
Paint is a mixture of a solid pigment in a liquid vehicle and applied as a thin, usually opaque coating. Paints can decorate, protect, and modify the surface to which they are applied.
3. CEILING FINISHES
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3.1. Gypsum board or Cement board
Often called drywall or plaster board consists of a gypsum core surfaced with paper or other covering material. It may be finished by painting or by the application of ceramic tile or a flexible wall covering.
3.2. PVC
A common thermoplastic resin, used in a wide variety of manufactured products, including rainwear, garden hoses, phonograph records, and floor tiles.
3.3. Wood Planks
Wood decking or planks can span the space between beams to form the structural platform of a floor or roof. The underside of the planks may be left exposed as the finished ceiling. Wood planks are normally 5 ½” 9133mm) wide and typically have V-shaped tongue-and-groove joints. Channel groove, striated, and other machined patterns are available.
On roofs, corrugated steel decking may form the structural platform for thermal insulation and the roofing material. Cellular or corrugated steel decking also provides permanent, framework and reinforcement for concrete floor slabs. 3.4. Steel Decking The underside of steel decking can be left exposed as the ceiling surface. Together with open-web steel joists, steel decking defines ceilings with a linear, textural quality. However, exposed steel decking may transmit impact noise from the floor above.
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3.5. Acoustical Ceiling Tiles
Acoustical tiles are modular units of fiberglass or mineral fiber. They are available in a variety of square and rectangular styles. Some have aluminum, vinyl, ceramic, or wood faces. Thier edges may be square, beveled, rabbeted, or tongue-and-groove. Acoustical tiles come in perforated, patterned, textured, or fissured faces. Acoustical tiles are excellent absorbers of sound within a room. Tiles are often fire rated, and some are rated for use in high-humudity areas.
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Finish 1. FINISH FLOORING Image Description
1.1. Solid Wood Flooring
Solid wood flooring is available in strips and planks. Solid hardwood floors are made of planks milled from a single piece of timber. They were originally used for structural purposes. Solid wood floors have a thicker wear surface and can be sanded and finished more times than an engineered wood floor.
1.2. Laminated Wood Flooring
Laminated Wood Flooring assembles high-pressure laminates, including wood veneers, into durable, acrylic-urethane sealed paneld. Bamboo is also laminated under high pressure, milled into planks, immersed in polyurethane, and coated with acrylic polyurethane. Most bamboo products must travel long distances to reach US market.
1.3. Ceramic Tiles
Ceramic mosaic tiles are small, modular units of natural clay or porcelain – widely used for flooring. The natural clay type is unglazed, with muted earth colors; the porcelains can have bright colors and are vitreous (glasslike, dense, and impervious).
1.4. Quarry Tiles and Pavers
Quarry tiles and pavers are larger modular flooring materials. Quarry tiles are unglazed units of heat-hardened clay.
1
1.5. Slate Stone Tiles
Slate Stone tile is a type of stone used for flooring with colors of reddish browns, grays, blues, and blacks. They’re available in square or irregular in shapes and can be formal or informal.
1.6. Marble Stone Tiles
Marble Stone tile is a type of stone used for flooring which commonly has colors of white, pinks, greens, and browns. It lends itself to high polish and formal elegance.
1.7. Granite Stone Tiles
Granite Stone tile is a type of stone used for flooring which consists of over 200 colors. These tiles are polished well, also honed or thermal finishes.
1.8. Plain Cement Finish
Concrete can be used as a finish floor surface if smooth and level enough. It should be sealed against stains and grease. Concrete can be painted, stained, or integrally colored when cast. Concrete can be finished in many ways, depending on the intended service use. Options include various colors and textures, such as plain cement finish.
1.9. Terrazzo, Standard
Standard terrazzo is a ground and polished finish that consists mainly of relatively small stone chips.
2
1.10. Terrazzo, Venetian
Venetian terrazzo consists mainly of large stone chips, with smaller chips filling the spaces between.
1.11. Linoleum Sheets
Linoleum sheets come in rolls from 6 feet (1829 mm) to 15 feet (4572 mm) wide. They can be cut into patterns in the factory or the field. The pattern of linoleum and cork have consistent color throughout.
1.12. Vinyl Sheets
Vinyl sheets offer the best resilience. It provides a seamless floor and resists staining, grease, and cigarette burns well. It is not a sustainable material.
1.13. Vinyl Tiles
The pattern on vinyl tiles can wear off. It is easier to install if the floor outline is irregular. It resist staining, grease, and cigarette burns well.
1.14. Rubber Tiles
Rubber tiles, like vinyl sheet and linoleum and cork products, offer the best resilience when it comes to performance and sustainability.
3
1.15. Carpet Tiles
Carpet tiles are modular pieces of carpet that can be laid to resemble a seamless wall-to-wall installation or can be arranged in subtle or bold patterns. They are designed to be used in both residential and commercial settings. They are usually constructed by tufting, although some are made by fusion bonding. Carpet tiles can easily be cut to fit odd-shaped contours with a minimum of waste. They can also be moved eaasily and reused.
1.16. Room-sized Rugs
Room-sized rugs cover most of a room’s floor, leaving a strip of finish flooring exposed along the room’s edges. They approximate the appearance of wall-to-wall carpeting but can be moved if desired, removed for cleaning when necessary, and turned for more even distribution of wear.
1.17. Area Rugs
Area rugs cover a smaller portion of a room’s floor and can be used to define an area, unify a furniture grouping, or delineate a path. Decorative rugs, especially handmade ones, can also serve as a dominant design element and provide a focal point for a room’s arrangement.
2. WALL FINISHES
These are naturally occurring stones that are applied to the wall, it is a beautiful sophisticated look that produces beautiful finishes that are hard to match. Options are different size stones and colour that are subject to availability. Visit our showroom to see different selection of natural stones. Stone finish is for both interior and exterior.
2.1. Stone Finish
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2.2. Wood Wall Panels
Wood panelling consists of a series of thin sheets of wood framed together by strips of wood. Vertical strips are called stiles, and horizontal strips are referred to as rails. Wood panelling inscludes solid lumber paneling, wood veneer paneling, and plasticlaminate faced wood paneling.
2.3. Plaster Finish
Plaster is a composition of gypsum or lime, water, sand, and sometimes other fiber, it is applied in a pasty form to the surfaces of walls or ceilings and allowed to harden and dry. Gypsum plaster is a durable, relatively lightweight, and fireresistant material that can be used on any wall or ceiling surface that is not subject to moist or wet conditions. Veneer or thin-coat plaster is a ready-mixed gypsum plaster applied as a very thin skim coat finish over a veneer gypsum board base, commonly called blueboard.
2.4. Drywall, Gypsum Board or Cement Board
Gypsum board is often called drywall or plasterboard – consists of a gypsum core surfaced with paper or other covering material. It may be finished by painting or by the application of ceramic tile or flexible wall covering.
2.5. Ceramic Wall Tiles
Ceramic wall tiles are modular surfacing units of fired clay and other ceramic materials. They provide a permanent, durable, waterproof surface for interior walls. They are available in bright or matte glazes in a wide range of colors and surface designs.
5
2.6. Glass Tiles
Glass tile can be used on walls, floors, and countertops, both interior and exterior. Manufactured glass tiles with flat surfaces and regular dimensions are easier to install than hand-cut, highly textured tiles. Colored manufactured glass tiles are installed with white thinset adhesive with a latex additive and latex-modified grout.
2.7. Wallpaper
Wallpaper has a paper face and a paper back. It is not commonly used in commercial design, as it is subject to soiling, abrasion, and fading, and is not tested for flame resistance.
2.8. Photographic Wall Covering
Photographic wall murals are the perfect addition to any space. They add dimension and personality to your everyday living spaces. Photographic wall murals are easy to install and care for.
2.9. Paint
Paint is a mixture of a solid pigment in a liquid vehicle and applied as a thin, usually opaque coating. Paints can decorate, protect, and modify the surface to which they are applied.
3. CEILING FINISHES
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3.1. Gypsum board or Cement board
Often called drywall or plaster board consists of a gypsum core surfaced with paper or other covering material. It may be finished by painting or by the application of ceramic tile or a flexible wall covering.
3.2. PVC
A common thermoplastic resin, used in a wide variety of manufactured products, including rainwear, garden hoses, phonograph records, and floor tiles.
3.3. Wood Planks
Wood decking or planks can span the space between beams to form the structural platform of a floor or roof. The underside of the planks may be left exposed as the finished ceiling. Wood planks are normally 5 ½” 9133mm) wide and typically have V-shaped tongue-and-groove joints. Channel groove, striated, and other machined patterns are available.
On roofs, corrugated steel decking may form the structural platform for thermal insulation and the roofing material. Cellular or corrugated steel decking also provides permanent, framework and reinforcement for concrete floor slabs. 3.4. Steel Decking The underside of steel decking can be left exposed as the ceiling surface. Together with open-web steel joists, steel decking defines ceilings with a linear, textural quality. However, exposed steel decking may transmit impact noise from the floor above.
7
3.5. Acoustical Ceiling Tiles
Acoustical tiles are modular units of fiberglass or mineral fiber. They are available in a variety of square and rectangular styles. Some have aluminum, vinyl, ceramic, or wood faces. Thier edges may be square, beveled, rabbeted, or tongue-and-groove. Acoustical tiles come in perforated, patterned, textured, or fissured faces. Acoustical tiles are excellent absorbers of sound within a room. Tiles are often fire rated, and some are rated for use in high-humudity areas.
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