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Bug-out bag
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Off-the-shelf Red Cross preparedness kit .

A bug-out bag[1][2] is a portable kit that contains the items one would require to survive for seventy-two hours[3][4] when evacuating from a disaster. It is also known as a 72-hour kit,[5] a grab bag,[6] a battle box, and other popular names include "Personal Emergency Relocation Kits" (PERKs) GO Bag and GOOD (Get Out Of Dodge)[7] bag. The focus is on evacuation, rather than long-term survival, distinguishing the bug-out bag from a survival kit, a boating or aviation emergency kit, or a fixed-site disaster supplies kit. The kits are also popular in the survivalism subculture.[8] The term "bug-out bag" is related to, and possibly derived from, the "bail-out bag" emergency kit many military aviators carry. The concept passed into wide usage among other military and law enforcement personnel, though the "bail-out bag" is as likely to include emergency gear for going into an emergency situation as for escaping an emergency.[9] Contents
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1 Rationale 2 Typical contents 3 See also

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4 References 5 External links

[edit]Rationale
The primary purpose of a bug-out bag is to allow one to evacuate quickly if a disaster should strike.[10] It is therefore prudent to gather all of the materials and supplies that might be required to do this into a single place, such as a bag or a few storage containers. The recommendation that a bug-out bag should contain enough supplies for seventy-two hours arises from advice from organizations responsible for disaster relief and management that it may take them up to seventy two hours to reach people affected by a disaster and offer help.[3] The bag's contents may vary according to the region of the user, where as someone evacuating from the path of a hurricane may have different supplies than someone one that lives in an area prone to tornadoes or wildfires. In addition to allowing one to survive a disaster evacuation, a bug-out bag may also be utilized when sheltering in place as a response to emergencies such as house fires, blackouts, tornadoes, and other severe natural disasters.

[edit]Typical

contents

The suggested contents of a bug-out bag vary, but most of the following are usually included:[11][12][13]



Enough food and water to last for 72 hours. This includes:



Water for washing, drinking and cooking. Canada recommends 2 litres per person per day for drinking plus an additional 2 litres per person per day for cleaning and hygiene.[14] New Zealand recommends 3 litres per person per day for drinking.[15] US recommends 1 gallon (3.78 litres) per person per day.[16]

      

Non-perishable food[17] Water purification supplies Cooking supplies[18]

A first aid kit[19] Fire starting tool (e.g., matches, ferrocerium rod, lighter, etc.) A disaster plan including location of emergency centers, rallying points, possible evacuation routes, etc. Professional emergency literature explaining what to do in various types of disaster, studied and understood before the actual disaster but kept for reference

  

Maps and travel information[20] Standard camping equipment, including sanitation supplies[21] Weather appropriate clothing (e.g., poncho, headwear, gloves, etc.)

       

Bedding items such as sleeping bags and blankets[22] Enough medicine to last an extended evacuation period Medical records Pet, child, and elderly care needs[23] Battery or crank-operated radio[24] Lighting (battery or crank operated flashlight, glow sticks)[25] Firearms and appropriate ammunition Cash and change, as electronic banking transactions may not be available during the initial period following an emergency or evacuation

      

Positive identification, such as drivers license, state I.D. card, or social security card Fixed-blade and folding knife Duct tape and rope/paracord Plastic tarps for shelter and water collection Slingshot, pellet gun, blowgun or other small game hunting equipment Wire for binding and animal traps Compass

The 7 Types of Gear you must have in your Bug Out Bag

For someone new to being a Survivalist building your first Bug Out Bag can seem like a big task. Everybody you read about has been tweaking theirs for months or even years and has a pile of gear built up. It’s hard to know where to start, but if you cover all of the basics in a survival situation you will still be much better off that 99% of the people.

Bug Out Bag

A Bug Out Bag, (also called a BOB, Get Out of Dodge Bag, GOOD, or 72 Hour Bag) is usually designed to get you out of an emergency situation and allow you to survive self-contained for up to 3 days. A lot of people plan their Bug Out Bag to sustain them for much longer than that, but there is always a limit to what you can carry on your back and a 3 day target is a good place to start. Here are the 7 basic types of gear you will need for your Bug Out Bag:

1. Water

It should go without saying that water is a survival basic for any situation. In a survival situation water quickly becomes the most precious commodity. 1 Liter per day per person is really the bare minimum. So your 3 day Bug Out Bag should have at least 3 liters of water. To expand your capability or survive longer than a couple of days you will need a water purification system. This can be as simple as boiling water and iodine tablets, or a serious water filter.  You can use a Collapsible Water Bottle for extra storage.







Make water collection easier with a Backpacking Bucket. Use Coffee Filters to extend the life of your water filtration system. Find out How Bottled Water Can Improved Your Bug Out Bag

2. Food

For a 3 Day Bug Out Bag Backpack Meals and Energy Bars can be sufficient. Back pack meals are freeze dried meals that you just add boiling water to. They are light weight and last a long time. Obviously you will need a longer term food solution in any type of wide area catastrophe, but for your basic Bug Out Bag backpack meals are a good set up.

Backpack Meals

3. Clothing

Your Bug Out Bag clothes should be similar to what you would pack for a weekend backpacking trip.  A pair of sturdy boots or shoes  A pair of long pants (preferably not blue jeans)  2 Pairs of socks (preferably not cotton)  2 Shirts (Maybe 1 long sleeve and 1 short sleeve for layering)  A Jacket that is both warm and protection from rain  Warm long underwear of some kind  A hat  A Bandana (30 Uses for a Bandana) This list could go on for a while and many people would never dream of leaving their Bug Out Bag without twice that much, but in a pinch that set up could get you by for 3 days. Be sure to plan for the weather in your area: Do You have Seasonal Clothes in Your Bug Out Bag

4. Shelter

If you are going to survive for 3 days you are going to need protection from the elements and a warm dry place to sleep. You need at least: 1. Some type of tent or tarp and a way to set it up 2. A ground tarp for underneath your shelter to stay dry or a sleeping pad (Never underestimate the importance of this) 3. Some type of Bedroll, preferably a good sleeping bag.

They Don't have a ground tarp...

5. First Aid Kit

Trying to cover everything you need in your Bug Out Bag First Aid Kit is another article entirely to itself, probably several more. I won’t try to cover it because I would surely leave something out. What I will do is recommend that you build your own First Aid Kit instead of buying one of those prepackaged first aid kits that claim to have 1001

things to get you through any emergency. While some are ok, in my experience these types of kits are usually filled with a lot of stuff you are unlikely to need and not enough of the things you will probably need a lot of. Plus, building your own first aid kit gives you an intimate knowledge of what it contains and how to use it. How many people buy one of those pre-made set ups and just assume they are prepared because there’s so much crap in it there must be what I need? Bad Idea. First Aid Gear: Have a Sawyer Extractor for Poisonous Snake Bites

6. Basic Gear

Basic Gear sounds repetitive (what have I been talking about?) but it is my category for the things you absolutely cannot live without but don’t really fit well into another category. Many survivalists will not like this list because it is not exhaustive by any means, but again I will say: It will be enough to get you by for a couple of days.

Rain Gear – at least 2 ways to stay dry in the rain. Poncho and Coat are good coupled with your Tent/Shelter Fire – A bare minimum of 3 different ways to make fire. I wrote more about this here: Do You have 5 Ways to Make Fire? With that you can get a flame but you will have to actually build the fire up too: 5 Ideas for Fire Tender. You’re also going to need something to cut your firewood and a knife uses too much energy long term: Choosing the Best Survival Chainsaw Cooking – Bare minimum here is a small pot/large cup to boil water in for both drinking and freeze dried meals. A small backpacking stove and fuel are better. Light – At least 2 dependable flashlights and a backup set of batteries for each. Survival Knife – The most used and most versatile tool in your Bug Out Bag is your survival knife. I wrote more about this here: 7 Things You Should Consider before Choosing Your Survival Knife

7. Weapons

The fact of the matter is you are might be dealing with a “Without Rule of Law” situation, or close to it, and people are likely to do

crazy things. Being prepared to defend yourself is part of the survivalist mindset. Obviously a firearm of some sort is best for this. (Though not in all situations) I will not go into specifics about what type of gun you should bring because that is hotly debated and really a personal choice. Take what is comfortable to you. Outside of guns your survival knife could be used as weapon if you had to. Also something as simple as a big walking stick or club can be a strong deterrent for bad guys. It’s all about giving yourself options.

Survival Shotgun Part 1: 6 Reasons You Need One

A shotgun is a valuable tool that should be in every survival toolkit. In today’s environment the shotgun can be a bit of a question mark; it’s more powerful than a pistol but has less range than a rifle, and limited magazine capacity. It’s not always clear when or how to deploy the shotgun. Here are 6 good reasons every survivalist needs one. This article is Part 1 in a series of guest posts on the Survival Shotgun by mr. Smashy (Flickr) Part 2 and Part 3

1. Power and Performance
A shotgun is a large step up in force from a handgun. Since their inception they’ve been know as a solid performer. The they have been the backup long arm for law enforcement for at least a hundred years. Shotguns have been used to such great effect in the closed-in trenches of World War I that Germany protested their use and threatened execution for any troops found in possession of them.

2. Versatility of Ammunition

Shotguns can fire rounds that other small arms usually can not. An example is bird shot, which can get small game for food, or less lethal rounds like beanbags that are meant to stop violent encounters without causing serious harm. There are less lethal weapon systems, but they are expensive and can only deploy less lethal rounds. Only the shotgun is capable of firing both rounds (and more.)

3. Price and Availability

Shotguns have a high availability, and are cheaper than most rifles. With a few hundred dollars you can walk into a local superstore and purchase a shotgun in most of America. This means you can afford to upgrade your preparedness right now. You should still save up for that semi-auto rifle, but you can bump up your firepower now. Shotguns are also cheap enough that you can hand one out to upgrade a member of your team’s loadout if they do not have a long arm.

4. Legislative Protection

The shotgun is looked at as a sporting arm by legislators and usually the last type of weapon to be banned or legislated against. This is not always the case, but even in cities like Chicago it is legal to own a shotgun where handguns and large capacity magazines are completely banned. This may be extremely helpful for the urban survivalist.

5. Ease of Maintenance
Most shotguns are very easy to maintain. You can clean and maintain a pump shotgun cheap and easy with both commercial and improvised supplies. A cleaning kit can take up no more than the space of a coffee mug if you wish. You can pack a spare cleaning kit in your Bug Out Bagand not worry about it going bad or ruining the contents of your pack. Improvised supplies are all dual use items, making maintenance even easier.

6. Modular

Shotguns are modular. You can take a basic “home defense” model and swap the short barrel with a long game barrel and hunt rabbit or duck. You can change the furniture from wood to synthetic to reduce weight and increase strength. You can swap the stock for a pistol grip if you want a backpack gun. The options are endless, but you have to make wise choices; one bad part could compromise the reliability of your shotgun. I am not suggesting the shotgun be the only weapon in your survival toolkit, but it is a powerful tool that can be adapted for many situations. There are some big limitations that you will be made aware of, but it

should be obvious that force, cost, diversity, and adaptability are the main strengths of the shotgun.

Survival Shotgun Part 2: Choosing Gauge and Type

If you are new to shotguns understanding what type of gun to buy and which gauge to choose for your survival needs can be difficult. Continuing the Survival Shotgun series, here is a basic rundown of the types and sizes of shotguns you should consider for your survival gear. This article is Part 2 in a series of guest posts on the Survival Shotgun by mr. Smashy (Flickr) Part 1 and Part 3 The basic operation of a shotgun is to fire a dose of round lead balls (shot) down a smooth bore barrel. Shotguns existed before rifles and pistols, and the concept of blasting shot down a smooth barrel may extend all the way back to ancient China. Modern Man’s innovation has managed to stuff all sorts of things into a shotgun shell, but the basic operation still remains.

Understanding Gauge

Shotguns barrels are typically chambered in gauges, not calibers. A gauge is the number of lead balls it takes to roll down the barrel to make a pound. If you’re wondering why that sounds crazy, it’s an imperial measurement created by the English, and they tend to over-complicate things. But it does explain why a 12 gauge has a larger tube than a 20 gauge. The most common chamberings for shotguns are 10, 12, 16, and 20 gauge. There is also .410 bore, which is a newer size based on the .45 Colt. It’s an American invention and is not a true gauge.

Choosing a Gauge
Why is this important? You need to pick a gauge (or bore) that is suitable for your stature or needs. Recoil is usually the determining factor, but for the prepper you want to also consider availability. Up to 50% of shotguns sold in America are 12 gauge. You will simply have an easier time finding ammunition for a 12 gauge.

If you cannot handle the recoil of a 12 gauge, then go with 20 if possible. If you cannot deal with the recoil of a 20 gauge then .410 bore is your last resort.

Other gauges like 10 and 16 are available but too rare for a prepper to consider seriously; you are not going to find 16 gauge ammo on the shelf at a superstore. For the sake of brevity and to show how versatile the shotgun is, I will stick to 12 gauge for the majority of this series. Birdshot, slugs, and buckshot ammunition are available in 20 gauge. Birdshot and buckshot are available in .410, but you are getting three pellets of 000 buck per shell for the buckshot, versus a 12 gauge 000 load which holds 10 pellets or more. There are also slugs available for .410, usually weighing 1/4 an ounce versus a standard 1 ounce slug in 12 gauge. .410 slug ammunition is also extremely hard to find unless it’s deer season in a shotgun hunting state.

Type of Shotgun
For most preppers, the standard survival shotgun is going to be a 12 gauge pump shotgun; readily available at your local superstore. Semi-auto

shotguns are great, and usually a joy to shoot, but there are issues that should be considered.

Semi-autos cost more, usually starting at double the cost of a pump and up. Some of the cheaper models have reliability and quality issues. Parts can and do get worn out more frequently. Some autoloaders will only feed reliably with certain kinds of ammunition, like full power loads. Barring oddball rounds like the Aquila mini-shells, a pump action gun will cycle any load you feed it because of the manual loading process, including reduced recoil loads, light birdshot, and less lethal ammo with no projectile. Autoloaders rely on either recoil or gas to operate the action. Each has it’s advantages, but both systems require more preventative maintenance and cleaning for reliable performance. What a prepper is looking for in the survival toolkit is something cheap, reliable, and versatile. And that is the 12 gauge pump action shotgun.

Questions
If you have questions, or need help choosing a gun, ask here and we will do our best to point you in the right direction

Survival Shotgun Part 3: Choosing the Gun

When it comes to survival shotguns, your choices really come down to two brands: Remington or Mossberg. There are proponents of each shotgun, and both have their strengths and weaknesses. Performance of the basic models will be on par, but there are limitations that should be remembered. This article is Part 3 in a series of guest posts on the Survival Shotgun by mr. Smashy (Flickr)  Part 1: 6 Reasons You Need One  Part 2: Choosing Gauge and Type Both guns are extremely high quality pump action shotguns that are easily the most popular models in the world. Each company makes dozens of variations of the guns and either will serve you well. Reading about specific differences and your own preferences is the only way to choose.

Remington 870

The Remington 870 Express 18″ Barrel and Synthetic Stock Differences to Remember:






The Remington Express five-round magazine tubes have dimples that need to be removed in order to attach magazine extensions. The stock factory pump is too long to use with a sidesaddle ammunition carrier. The Remington 870 uses a push button safety that is not as ambidextrous or obvious as Mossberg’s tang safety.

Mossberg 500

The Mossberg 500 Lineup Differences to Remember:


The Mossberg 500 series has an aluminum receiver that lightens the shotgun significantly, but prevents





the use of most sidesaddle ammunition carriers (they are not recommended by the factory). The Mossberg 500 series has a polymer safety button and trigger assembly. The Mossberg 500 series magazine cannot be extended because the barrel secures to the end of the magazine tube.

Additional Models
Remington makes an Express model (#25077) that comes equipped standard with a two round magazine extension and a short pump from the factory. The Remington 870 Express 18″ Synthetic 7-Round Mossberg makes several other versions of the 500 called the 500 Special Purpose and a heavier duty version of the 500 called the 590A1 that comes with a heavy walled barrel, parkerized finish, metal trigger group, which holds 6 rounds. These shotguns are more expensive and harder to find, although both companies has increased availability, but for the small price increase you will get more gun. Some other weaknesses can also be overcome by purchasing accessory parts, but the more you change, the more chances you have to

cause a failure with the firearm, something you can’t afford.

Overall

For the most part an 18.5″ barrel, 5+1 capacity model with synthetic furniture will do fine in the survival toolkit. If you are concerned about getting some game, an additional longer barrel with a choke can be purchased. Try not to be drawn to the new “tactical” models with folding or collapsible stocks, or unorthodox muzzle attachments. If your shotgun came equipped with a heatshield, remove it, it can shoot lose and bind the action. Keep your shotgun simple and slick (as in clean, fast, and smooth).

Choose for Your System
Whatever shotgun you ultimately end up with, remember to keep it simple, rugged, and test it’s reliability. Train with it, make sure any changes you’ve made have not compromised the shotgun, and keep shooting it to find any weaknesses in you and your technique or the shotgun. Even when I shoot skeet recreationaly, I will bring my survival shotgun

and break a few clays with it; it’s just another way to keep rounds through the gun and maintain familiarity with my shotgun.

Survival Shotgun Part 4: Understanding Loads

Shotguns easily have the most possible different types of ammunition than any other gun. From buckshot and slugs, to non-lethal and everything in between, the survival shotgun is an incredibly versatile tool. Understanding the various loads and their uses is important for any prepared survivalist. This article is Part 4 in a series of guest posts on the Survival Shotgun by mr. Smashy (Flickr)  Part 1: 6 Reasons You Need One  Part 2: Choosing Gauge and Type  Part 3: Choosing The Gun

Worth The Effort
Let’s be realistic about what the shotgun is and is not. It’s no longer the king of the hill when it comes to Close Quarters Battle. Terms like “street sweeper” and “room broom” get thrown around but for the pros, the shotgun has been relegated to specialized tasks like ballistic barrier breaching and less lethal munition deployment. The carbine and short barreled rifle have taken over the realm once dominated by the shotgun. The ergonomics of the AR-15/M16 and the magazine capacity, as well as the armor penetration and terminal ballistics make it a clear winner. Shotguns are not rifles. But let’s take a look at what kind of diversity is available to the shotgun that makes it worth the effort in the first place.

Buckshot

From Law Enforcement reduced recoil to full power 3 1/2″ magnum loads, buckshot is a proven performer in soft tissue. Most buckshot is effective out to at least 25 yards.

Slugs
Usually 1 oz. “Foster” style slugs with rifling, or “rifled slugs”. The rifling on the slug is meant to conform to the contour of the barrel and collapse if there is a choke on the barrel. It does not impart any spin on projectile. Slugs can be fired accurately, and

with good effect on target, with a bead sight out to at least 50 yards, possibly 100 depending on load. Slugs are effective on all mammals, including bear, that inhabit North America. Slugs may be your best chance at defending yourself from aggressors using soft body armor.

Birdshot
Also know as “shot”, used for hunting and sport, smaller lead or steel balls from the size of a kosher salt rock to loads big enough for large waterfowl, rabbit, or coyotes.

Breaching Slugs

Compressed copper, steel, or zinc slugs that burst open locks and hinges with reduced risk of ricochet or over penetration. Can be used on padlocks as well. Not for a novice user, proper technique is required.

Less Lethal
Ranges from cheap rubber buckshot that can be skipped off pavement into a target or a crowd, to beanbag and rubber baton rounds that can have the option of leaving a UV marking dye. There are also less lethal rounds that do not fire any projectile, like the ALS “Bore Thunder” which “produces a stun/diversion effect by using a flash with an extremely powerful concussion blast.” Less lethal’s require practice and can be expensive. But there are times when a less lethal round can cause a stop, enforce compliance, or provide cover for retreat when lethal force is not required or justified.

Survival Applications
In the survival toolkit, keeping a good supply of all these different kinds of ammunition is a good idea. Even value packed sport loads can be useful in a survival situation for more than just game.

If you have no use for a #8 shot sport load, it’s possible to melt down the lead shot inside, use a slug mold, and reload them into a poor man’s slug. Will it perform as well as a factory slug? Absolutely not. Will the homemade slug provide more stopping power than a dose of small shot? Absolutely. The process can upgrade your stopping power if all you can find is sport or game loads with birdshot, but you would really like a slug for self defense. This processes is being used by people in countries where a shotgun and birdshot loads are the only available legal firearms to citizens. In a survival situation, a shotgun and even mild assortment of loads can keep you protected and fed, and give you the opportunity to flee from a superior force.

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