Unit1 Inventions
Content
WORKBOOKANSWERKD
Unit 1 The spirit of invention
Vocabulary 1 1 1 simple 2 complex 3 non-essential 4 essential 5 old-fashioned 6 modern 7 low-cost 8 expensive 9 practical 1O handy 2 1 cheap 2 complex 3 modern 4 superfluous 3 1 old- 2 Hi- 3 5 in 6 non4 Down 1 low-tech 2 superfluous 3 cheap 4 out-of-date 6 wind-up Across 1 low-cost 3 complex 5 energy 7 fashioned 8 simple Reading 1 b 21b 2c 3
Grammar 1
Post simple, present perfect simple ond present perfect continuous 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 have developed tested have also tested have shown became has taken
2
1 Who developed a new way to purify water? Scientists in California. 2 Where did they test the device last year? On the Virgin Islands. 3 Where else did they test the device? In India. 4 What did the results show? They showed that this system can eliminate the risk of cholera, typhoid and dysentery. 5 When did scientists first discover the purifying quality of light? In the 1990s. 6 How long did it take to develop a low-cost UV light device? More than 15 years.
5 out-of-date 6 essential 7 expensive Low4 im
3
1 2 3 4
already just yet since
5 for 6 ever 7 never
4
3d
4a
4
1 False:'you needn't spend years on development and research or doing expensive tests'. 2 False:'it was difficultto believethat no-one had thought of it before'. 3 False:'once you've got your idea, you need to patent it/. 4 False:'do we reallyneed automatic egg-warmers, or electricalcanopeners?' 5 True:'people liketo be a little frivolouswith their Christmas presents'. 6 True:'you may not become rich overnight'. 1 Becauseit improved the driver's visionduring bad weather. 2 To make sure that no-one steals it from you. 3 No. Some of them are frivolousand don't solveany problems. 4 Student/s own answer 1 ingenious 2 housewife 3 patent 4 prototype 5 sit back 6 wacky
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
have been asking have made has recently launched have been offering have been using have not been using has promised have already introduced
5
Post simple, post perfect simple ond postperfectconUnuous 5 1 was, thought 2 had been snowing, had to 3 had been watching, came 4 had been working, gave 5 saw 6 pulled, discovered, had been driving 6 1 had been travelling 2 came 3 had been trying 4 was considering 5 went 6 had been using 7 decided 8 went 7 Where had TomAdams been travelling? He had been travelling in Mexico. 2 What had Adams been trying to become? He had been trying to become an inventor.
d
WORKBOOK ANSWER KEY 3 What did he hear in a shop? He heard a girl ask for chicle. 4 What had the natives of Mexico been using as a chewing gum? They had been using chicle. 5 What had Adams been thinking of doing? He had been thinking of giving it all up. Error correction 1 Humans have been coming up with great ideas for thousands of years. 2 Our history has been full of discoveries since we first learned how to make fire. 3 The discovery of the American continent was an important moment in European history. 4 A retired naval officer has recently claimed that the Chinese were the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean. 5 Columbus never landed on Antigua. 6 In the last 50 years we have made a large number of important discoveries. 7 For example, scientists discovered penicillin and more recently they have identified the genes in human DNA. Grammar 1 Ac 2 Ba Cb
Vocabulary 2
Gerunds and intinitives 1 1 to find 6 2 to create 7 3 providing 8 4 Using 9 5 to obtain 2 to cultivate to grow wasting burning
Writing a description object
of an
2a a B (the theory of gravity) b C (the post-it@ note) c A (the principie of buoyancy)
b
Past perfect simple
Past perfect contlnuous had been sitting had been using had been having
1 Growingfood crops with the seawater greenhouse is a lot cheaper. 2 The developers hope to installthe greenhouses in areas near the sea. 3 The greenhouse uses electrical light to transform fresh water into seawater. 4 The Seawater Greenhouse is a concept that combines natural processes of obtaining fresh water. 3 1 True:'a source of low-cost,fresh water supply for agricultural purposes' . 2 True:'sustainable solution in coastal areas'. 3 False:'using...sunlight to obtain fresh water from seawater'. 4 True:'without burning fossilfuels'. 4 1 to bring 2 leaving 3 riding,to look 4 looking Sld 2a 3c 4b 61d 2b 3a 4c 7 Student's own answers Listening 1 Student's own answer 21c 2d 3b 4b 6 d 3
1 The bicyclecan help us combat problems such as trafficcongestion and obesity. It can also help us fight climate change. 2 Cars have become an essential part of everydaylifein our modernsociety. They are certainly useful,but they are also a seriousproblem. They crowd the congestedstreets of our city centres. They pollute the air in our countryside and they produce huge quantities of harmfulgreenhouse gases. 3
Cause because sinceas Effect consequently so
4
1 Eventhough 2 like 3 In my opinion 4 In addition to 5 What's more 6 Consequently 7 Personally,Ithink S Student's own answers
Word order corner
1 Last night we watched a funny British comedy on television. 2 Chris has a cool, new, silver mobile phone. 3 Some people think that Chindogu are useless, impractical, japanese inventions. 4 My colleague has bought a hi-tech, compact, digital camera. 5 Karen owns a lovely little wooden cottaqe ue. in the mountains.
5c
3
4
1 wasn't trying to make a gold crown, he was trying to find out if the crown was made of gold. 2 didn't notice that heavier objects displaced lesswater, he noticed that heavierobjects displace more water. 3 hadn't been sitting under a lemon tree, he had been sitting under an apple tree. 4 didn't discoverthat gravitation is a force that pullsthings away from the Earth, he discovered that gravitation is a force that pulls things towards the Earth. 5 wasn't an engineer, he was a scientist. 6 didn't put non-stickglue on his notebook, he put it on his bookmarks. Student's own answers
1 They were asked to vote for the most important invention of the last 200 years. 2 Ves,it was 3 There are twice as many bikesas cars. 4 Trafficcongestion is a big problem in central London. 5 They can get trough the trafficeasier and quicker than ambulances, reaching the injured a lot quicker. 6 It gave them independence to travel and allowedthem to wear more comfortable clothing. Pronunciation now found noun slow out known hose noun d house e clown f town c enough 4 now 5 town 6 house
4a a b c Sa a b 6 1 2 3
Unit 1 The spirit of invention
Vocabulary 1 1 1 simple 2 complex 3 non-essential 4 essential 5 old-fashioned 6 modern 7 low-cost 8 expensive 9 practical 1O handy 2 1 cheap 2 complex 3 modern 4 superfluous 3 1 old- 2 Hi- 3 5 in 6 non4 Down 1 low-tech 2 superfluous 3 cheap 4 out-of-date 6 wind-up Across 1 low-cost 3 complex 5 energy 7 fashioned 8 simple Reading 1 b 21b 2c 3
Grammar 1
Post simple, present perfect simple ond present perfect continuous 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 have developed tested have also tested have shown became has taken
2
1 Who developed a new way to purify water? Scientists in California. 2 Where did they test the device last year? On the Virgin Islands. 3 Where else did they test the device? In India. 4 What did the results show? They showed that this system can eliminate the risk of cholera, typhoid and dysentery. 5 When did scientists first discover the purifying quality of light? In the 1990s. 6 How long did it take to develop a low-cost UV light device? More than 15 years.
5 out-of-date 6 essential 7 expensive Low4 im
3
1 2 3 4
already just yet since
5 for 6 ever 7 never
4
3d
4a
4
1 False:'you needn't spend years on development and research or doing expensive tests'. 2 False:'it was difficultto believethat no-one had thought of it before'. 3 False:'once you've got your idea, you need to patent it/. 4 False:'do we reallyneed automatic egg-warmers, or electricalcanopeners?' 5 True:'people liketo be a little frivolouswith their Christmas presents'. 6 True:'you may not become rich overnight'. 1 Becauseit improved the driver's visionduring bad weather. 2 To make sure that no-one steals it from you. 3 No. Some of them are frivolousand don't solveany problems. 4 Student/s own answer 1 ingenious 2 housewife 3 patent 4 prototype 5 sit back 6 wacky
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
have been asking have made has recently launched have been offering have been using have not been using has promised have already introduced
5
Post simple, post perfect simple ond postperfectconUnuous 5 1 was, thought 2 had been snowing, had to 3 had been watching, came 4 had been working, gave 5 saw 6 pulled, discovered, had been driving 6 1 had been travelling 2 came 3 had been trying 4 was considering 5 went 6 had been using 7 decided 8 went 7 Where had TomAdams been travelling? He had been travelling in Mexico. 2 What had Adams been trying to become? He had been trying to become an inventor.
d
WORKBOOK ANSWER KEY 3 What did he hear in a shop? He heard a girl ask for chicle. 4 What had the natives of Mexico been using as a chewing gum? They had been using chicle. 5 What had Adams been thinking of doing? He had been thinking of giving it all up. Error correction 1 Humans have been coming up with great ideas for thousands of years. 2 Our history has been full of discoveries since we first learned how to make fire. 3 The discovery of the American continent was an important moment in European history. 4 A retired naval officer has recently claimed that the Chinese were the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean. 5 Columbus never landed on Antigua. 6 In the last 50 years we have made a large number of important discoveries. 7 For example, scientists discovered penicillin and more recently they have identified the genes in human DNA. Grammar 1 Ac 2 Ba Cb
Vocabulary 2
Gerunds and intinitives 1 1 to find 6 2 to create 7 3 providing 8 4 Using 9 5 to obtain 2 to cultivate to grow wasting burning
Writing a description object
of an
2a a B (the theory of gravity) b C (the post-it@ note) c A (the principie of buoyancy)
b
Past perfect simple
Past perfect contlnuous had been sitting had been using had been having
1 Growingfood crops with the seawater greenhouse is a lot cheaper. 2 The developers hope to installthe greenhouses in areas near the sea. 3 The greenhouse uses electrical light to transform fresh water into seawater. 4 The Seawater Greenhouse is a concept that combines natural processes of obtaining fresh water. 3 1 True:'a source of low-cost,fresh water supply for agricultural purposes' . 2 True:'sustainable solution in coastal areas'. 3 False:'using...sunlight to obtain fresh water from seawater'. 4 True:'without burning fossilfuels'. 4 1 to bring 2 leaving 3 riding,to look 4 looking Sld 2a 3c 4b 61d 2b 3a 4c 7 Student's own answers Listening 1 Student's own answer 21c 2d 3b 4b 6 d 3
1 The bicyclecan help us combat problems such as trafficcongestion and obesity. It can also help us fight climate change. 2 Cars have become an essential part of everydaylifein our modernsociety. They are certainly useful,but they are also a seriousproblem. They crowd the congestedstreets of our city centres. They pollute the air in our countryside and they produce huge quantities of harmfulgreenhouse gases. 3
Cause because sinceas Effect consequently so
4
1 Eventhough 2 like 3 In my opinion 4 In addition to 5 What's more 6 Consequently 7 Personally,Ithink S Student's own answers
Word order corner
1 Last night we watched a funny British comedy on television. 2 Chris has a cool, new, silver mobile phone. 3 Some people think that Chindogu are useless, impractical, japanese inventions. 4 My colleague has bought a hi-tech, compact, digital camera. 5 Karen owns a lovely little wooden cottaqe ue. in the mountains.
5c
3
4
1 wasn't trying to make a gold crown, he was trying to find out if the crown was made of gold. 2 didn't notice that heavier objects displaced lesswater, he noticed that heavierobjects displace more water. 3 hadn't been sitting under a lemon tree, he had been sitting under an apple tree. 4 didn't discoverthat gravitation is a force that pullsthings away from the Earth, he discovered that gravitation is a force that pulls things towards the Earth. 5 wasn't an engineer, he was a scientist. 6 didn't put non-stickglue on his notebook, he put it on his bookmarks. Student's own answers
1 They were asked to vote for the most important invention of the last 200 years. 2 Ves,it was 3 There are twice as many bikesas cars. 4 Trafficcongestion is a big problem in central London. 5 They can get trough the trafficeasier and quicker than ambulances, reaching the injured a lot quicker. 6 It gave them independence to travel and allowedthem to wear more comfortable clothing. Pronunciation now found noun slow out known hose noun d house e clown f town c enough 4 now 5 town 6 house
4a a b c Sa a b 6 1 2 3
