The Sun is a star that is in the center of the Solar System
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The Sun is recognized as having the largest mass in our
Solar System.
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It has a diameter of about 1,392,684 km, about 109 times
that of Earth
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The sun is the closest star to Earth, at a mean distance from
our planet of 149.60 million km
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Sun fuses 620 million metric tons of hydrogen each second.
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At the core, the temperature is about 27 million degrees
Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius)
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In February 1974, Skylab was the first manned spacecraft to
study the Sun.
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Solar flares occur when magnetic fields of the Sun come
together and cause huge explosions on the Sun’s surface.
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Solar flares produce bursts of electromagnetic radiation, x-
rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and radio waves.
Mercury
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Mercury is the closest and second smallest in the Solar
System.
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Mercury is the second densest planet after Earth.
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The only visit to Mercury was a flyby made by the Mariner 10
spacecraft in 1974.
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Mercury speeds around the sun every 88 days, traveling
through space at nearly 50 km (31 miles) per second
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Galileo first observed Mercury during the 17th century.
Venus
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Venus is the second closest and sixth largest planet in the
Solar System
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The orbital speed of Venus is 35 km per second.
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Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar System.
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Venus appears to be the brightest planet in the sky.
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It takes 244.7 days for Venus to rotate on its axis.
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The first robotic space probe mission to Venus, and the first
to any planet, began on 12 February 1961, with the launch of the
Venera 1 probe.
Earth
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Earth formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago, and life
appeared on its surface within one billion years.
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The Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System.
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Earth is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System.
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The Diameter of the Earth is 12,756 km (7,926 miles)
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The earth’s orbital speed is 29.8 km per second.
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Earth atmosphere consists of 78 percent nitrogen, 21
percent oxygen and 1 percent other ingredients..
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Earth rotates about its own axis 366.26 times, creating
365.26 solar days
Moon
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The Moon is Earth’s lone natural satellite.
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In 1610, Galileo Galilei is the first to use a telescope to make
scientific observations of the Moon.
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The Moon is the fifth largest satellite in our Solar System.
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The Moon’s diameter is 2160 miles (3476 km)
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Average distance between the Earth and the Moon is about
239,000 miles. Actual distance varies from 221,457 to 252,712
miles.
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The Moon’s gravity is 1/6 that of Earth.
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The Moon does not have an atmosphere; there is no wind on
the Moon.
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Apollo 11 was the American space mission to first reach and
land on the moon.
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The first human landing on the Moon was on 20 July 1969.
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The Moon orbits around the Earth every 29 days.
Mars
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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second
smallest planet in the Solar System.
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iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish
appearance, often described as “ Red Planet”
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A Mars year is equal to 686.98 Earth Days
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A day in Mars is equal to 24.6 Earth Hours
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Like Earth, Mars experiences seasons because of the tilt of
its rotational axis
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Asaph Hall discovered both of Mars’ moons, Phobos and
Deimos, in August 1877.
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Mariner 4 – first successful flyby mission to Mars. Launched
on November 28, 1964 and arrived at Mars on July 14, 1965.
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Viking 1 – Successful orbit and landing on surface of Mars.
Launched August 20, 1975 and arrived at Mars July 20, 1976.
Jupitar
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Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, is 318 times
larger than Earth.
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The orbital speed of Jupiter is 13.1 km/sec
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A year on Jupiter is equal to 11.9 Earth Years
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Jupiter has 67 natural satellites.[105] Of these, 51 are less
than 10 kilometres in diameter and have only been discovered since
1975.
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Galileo Galilei had discovered Jupiter's four largest moons,
now called Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. These four moons
are known today as the Galilean satellites.
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In 1610, Galileo Galilei makes the first detailed observations
of Jupiter.
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Jupiter's moon Ganymede is the biggest satellite in solar
system
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Jupiter has rings, the third planet discovered to have a ring
system in our Solar System.
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Jupiter’s rings are identified as: Halo ring, Main ring,
Amalthea gossamer ring, and Thebe gossamer ring.
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Jupiter’s rings were discovered by Voyager 1 in 1979.
Saturn
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Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second
largest.
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Saturn has 62 known moons, fifty-three have been named.
Most of them are small in size.
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Names of some of Saturn’s moons: the largest is Titan,
discovered in 1655; Tethys, Dione, Rhea, & Iapetus, discovered from
1671 to 1672; Mimas & Enceladus, discovered in 1789; and
Hyperion, discovered in 1848.
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A year on Saturn is equal to 29.5 Earth Years
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Pioneer 11 is the first spacecraft to reach Saturn, in 1979
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Saturn has a prominent ring system that consists of nine
continuous main rings and three discontinuous arcs, composed
mostly of ice particles with a smaller amount of rocky debris and
dust.
Uranus
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The orbital speed of Uranus is 6.6 km/sec
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Uranus takes 84 Earth years to complete one orbit.
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Uranus is the third largest planet in the Solar System.
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Voyager 2, the only spacecraft to visit Uranus,
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A day on Uranus is equal to a little more than 17 hours on
Earth.
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Uranus has 27 known moons, named for characters from the
works of William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope
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Uranus was discovered by Sir William Herschel in 1781
Neptune
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Neptune is the fourth largest planet and coolest planet in the
Solar System.
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Neptune was the first planet located through mathematical
predictions rather than through regular observations of the sky.
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Neptune was discovered by Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch
Adams, and Johann Galle on September 23, 1846.
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The only spacecraft ever to visit Neptune was Voyager 2 in
1989.
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The magnetic field of Neptune is about 27 times more
powerful than that of Earth.
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One Neptune year is equal to 164.83 Earth Years
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Neptune has six known rings.
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In 2011, Neptune completes its first 165-year orbit of the sun
since its discovery in 1846.
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Neptune has 13 moons, the largest of which is named Triton.
The other moons are: Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea,
Larissa, Proteus, Nereid, Halimede, Sao, Laomedeia, Neso, and
Psamathe.
Pluto
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Pluto is the smallest planet in the Solar System, now
consider as dwarf planet
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Pluto is colder than Neptune.
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Pluto’s journey around the Sun takes 248 Earth years.
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Pluto is the second most contrast body in the Solar System
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Pluto has not yet been visited by a spacecraft.
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Pluto has a satellite, Charon, which was discovered (in 1978).
The distance between them is 19,640 km (12,200 miles).The other 3
are Nix,Hydra, and newly discovered S/2011 P 1 on July of 2011.
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Pluto rotation (a Pluto day) takes 6.4 Earth days, meaning
that it has the second slowest rotation in the Solar System after
Venus
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