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THE ZERO UNIVERSE

Science of Philosophy and Philosophy of Science
Answers to Bigger Questions on Life, the Universe, the ‘I’ and its relationship with ‘Unknowable’

Sunil Thakur
www.norlabs.org [email protected]

Preface ...........................................................................................................................3 Section I .........................................................................................................................9 The Observer & the Observed ..................................................................................9 Observation and Interpretation.....................................................................................9 Relativity and Reality ................................................................................................ 14 Relativity of Space, Time, and Frame of Reference ...................................................21 Section – II...................................................................................................................30 The Contradictions..................................................................................................30 Impermanency of the perceptible universe v/s permanency or eternal nature of the absolute ..................................................................................................................... 30 The Uncertainty, the tendencies, and the Certainty..................................................... 34 The Free Will and the Maya – The Bigger Scheme of Things ....................................37 Section III ....................................................................................................................41 Who am I? ...............................................................................................................41 The Physical Reality of the ‘I’ ...................................................................................43 The Consciousness, the Soul, and the Conserved Information....................................48 The Abstract, the Unexplainable part of our Being – the Mind...................................51 Section IV ....................................................................................................................55 The Bigger Picture...................................................................................................55 The Prince Charming – The Time..............................................................................55 Moksha, Nirvana or Enlightenment ...........................................................................58 What is that knowing which, we know everything else?.............................................59 The Dharma...............................................................................................................60 The Hell and The Heaven .......................................................................................... 61 Connecting to the Self ............................................................................................... 62 Physics of Prayer .......................................................................................................63 Section V ...................................................................................................................... 65 Beyond Logic ...........................................................................................................65 Intuition & the Sixth Sense ........................................................................................ 65 Section VI ....................................................................................................................68 Science, Religion, and God...................................................................................... 68 Does God Exist?........................................................................................................68 Science and Religion .................................................................................................72 The Epilogue................................................................................................................74

Preface
One of the worst things that knowledge does is that it makes one aware of how ignorant one is; it makes us realize how much more there is to know. As I dug deep into the reality of the knowable universe by examining the fundamental concepts of physics I was confident of unraveling the secrets of nature and was sure that it is possible to understand reality. Just when I felt I was close to understanding true nature of reality, sheer force of the observations forced me to conclude, much against my own wishes, that reality is unperceivable, that reality is unknowable. My scientific mindset convinced me that what is unperceivable has to be unknowable and I have concluded in my book, ‘Nature of Reality’ that the limit to what we can comprehend is set by the limit to what we can perceive. This is still true for the perceptible or knowable universe but I soon realized that there is a difference in ‘perception’ and ‘realization’. That, reality may be unperceivable but it still may be knowable and what is more, reality is knowable through scientific exploration. In the present context, the most important question from the physicist’s perspective is, ‘are we heading in the right direction; are we interpreting our observations correctly? We cannot answer any of the bigger questions unless we answer this question honestly. I know that any theory on the fundamental concepts of physics is bound to have philosophical implications and therefore it is not possible to skip the critical analysis of the theory from philosophy’s point of view but I was not very keen on understanding philosophy of my own theory as I was mentally and physically exhausted. I have explained practical implications of the theory in the book but I have not discussed any philosophical issues as I had consciously taken the decision to restrict my study to the scientific aspects of reality and to avoid any philosophical implications so that objectivity is not lost. One can understand how painful it is for me to say that Physics has made too many mistakes at fundamental level to be able to explain nature in its entirety. It is only after one understands nature through scientific analysis that one realizes that all the knowledge we acquire through scientific analysis is momentary, relative, and unreal. The problem is not with our observations but is with the interpretation of the observations. You can have a glimpse of these simple mistakes at fundamental level in the first section of this e-book. During the course of my scientific exploration of nature of reality, I had explored Indian and western philosophy to understand views of philosophers on the nature of reality but it was more of a cursory look into an extremely complex subject and when I encountered the statements like, “it moves but it is in a state of complete rest’ or the suggestion that the way to measure time is to count the breath (of what?) then, I had to give up the idea of understanding reality with the help of philosophy.

Anyway, I published my book ‘Nature of Reality’ just about a month back. As expected, I received lots of responses on the scientific issues but surprisingly, I also received a number of requests to discuss philosophical implications of my theory. The observations and questions kept on pouring and one of the questions on the scientific basis of the statement, ‘Aham Brahmasmi (I am that or I am God) drew me into the realms of philosophy esp. as it allowed me to explain the scientific aspects of my theory. I received a number of responses to this article asking me to answer supposedly bigger questions like, ‘What is the ultimate substance that makes up everything in this universe? What is the nature of reality? Can we ever understand the mind of the God? Who am I? What is my role in this universe? What is that knowing which, we know everything else? Can we answer these questions scientifically? What is intuition? Does intuition has any place in the science? Does mysticism has a place in the scientific world? ‘What is the scientific basis of telepathy?’ ‘Does God exist?’ Does prayer really work?’ I think these questions are big because the answers to these questions influence every human being; answers to these questions can change the life of every human being. These are not mere philosophical questions because nothing exists in the universe that is outside the scope of the physics; in other words, it is the responsibility of the physics to explain every observed phenomenon. Any observed phenomenon, be it intuition or be it telepathy, must have scientific basis. Science cannot dictate what is possible or not possible in nature; science can only understand and explain what is observable and what is possible in the universe. Whether the question is asked by a philosopher, a mystic, or a scientist, the ultimate responsibility of providing an answer rests with physicists. It is the sacred duty of a physicist to remove the mysticism from this world. I always wondered how science, religion, philosophy, spiritualism, and mysticism are different from each other as they all must have their base in the laws of nature and therefore the difference can only be in the perspective and not in the content of what they discuss. Science is about explaining why things are the way they are. Philosophy asks the same questions that science seeks to answer and in a way, science has emerged from the philosophy. The fundamental difference between philosophy and science is that philosophy does not restrict itself to what we can know through the sensory organs but relies more on the mental analysis of an observed phenomenon. While science stops after it explains ‘this is what we can know about a thing by exploring its properties’, philosophy goes a step beyond and asks, ‘is it all there to know about something?’

As far as science is concerned, only that which is perceivable is knowable but philosophy suggests that there is a difference between perceivable and knowable. Philosophy goes to the extent of suggesting that what is perceivable is only an illusion and we can know the knowable only when we look beyond what is perceivable. Spirituality is about the search of the truth and is about connecting with the universal consciousness. Religion explains the practical implications of science in the language of a layman i.e. without the scientific content with the sole objective of making its subjects live the ideal life-style in any given condition. Spiritualism does not concern itself with the rituals, religion does; spirituality does not concern itself with ensuring social order but is about individuals and the choices they make whereas primary responsibility of the religion is to maintain social order, to define the norms, set the rules, and ensure implementation of the rules in a society. Religion is more like the code of conduct that is so necessary for the smooth functioning of the society. Science can only tell what is the right and is in accordance with the laws of nature; religion has to ensure that society does what is right and is in accordance with the nature. In the modern society, the responsibility of maintaining order is partially taken away by the law but religion is not just about preventing people from doing what is harmful to them; religion is about making people do what is good for them. The conflict between science and religion has its basis in the fact that there is a vast difference in the understanding of laws of nature between science and religion. Science seems to have resolved numerous mystical phenomenon and has proved that our religious beliefs may not have any scientific basis. An institution cannot survive for thousands of years without having some inherent strength. Religion must have its basis in the science but apparently, the scientists of the yesteryears were wrong in their interpretation of the nature or were they? It all depends on the perspective or the frame of reference from which we study nature. Science observes a physical entity from different frames of references. It can make one measurement like time in one of frame of reference and another measurement like length in another frame of reference and finds relativity everywhere. Science stops after explaining its properties and its relationship with other physical entities; religion, philosophy, and spiritualism keep human beings as the frame of reference and study the reality of the physical entity from our perspective. Science informs us that sun is at the center of the solar system but philosophy explains that sun may be at the center of the solar system but for all practical purposes we have to keep earth at the center of not only the solar system but of the entire universe and have to explain the motion of all other celestial bodies assuming that earth is static. Science divides energy into numerous categories like mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy etc. whereas religion and philosophy divide the energy and

hence every physical entity into three categories based on its affect on us – good energy (satvic), bad energy (tamsic), neutral energy (rajsic). Science desperately wants to know everything but it has not yet realized the futility of the knowledge. Science considers knowledge is everything but philosophy tells us that realization or the enlightenment and not the knowledge makes a difference in our lives. Philosophy tells us that knowledge gained through the sensory organ is true only for one moment and is illusory because the form and the properties of the form we observe are changing constantly. There isn’t much difference between modern science and the mysticism because most of the theories of physics only make observations without answering the ‘whys’ related to the observation. Not surprisingly, we do not have a single theory that answers all the questions pertaining to an observed phenomenon. Modern physics is superficial science; it is full of imaginary, contradictory, self-defeating theories. The physics has gone so horribly wrong in its interpretation of nature that it takes just about 3 observations/questions to invalidate even the most robust theories of physics. If this is so, obvious question is, ‘how science has made so much progress?’ Science has not just provided us with things that make our life quite comfortable; life without things like TV, refrigerator, telephone, car etc. is inconceivable. Science has moved to almost the farthest corners of the solar system and it can peep into an atom. Most importantly, medical science has contributed a great deal in relieving our sufferings a great deal. Even if we consider that things like TV, refrigerator, or a car are not required for living a happy, peaceful life, even if we consider that we cannot even think of moving out of the solar system, even if we think that we can account only for 2% of the mass of an atom, even if we think that we do not even have a cure for common cold, we cannot deny the fact that science has changed our life for good. Modern physics is like mysticism. A mystic is able to do things that ordinary human beings cannot do but a mystic cannot explain the scientific principle behind his mystical actions and therefore cannot explain how he does what he does. Similarly, observations allow scientists to innovate without knowing the underlying principles at work. We can produce light without understanding what light is, we can launch a rocket in the space using Newton’s universal law of gravitation even though Einstein has already shown us that it is not correct. We can make use of the Newton’s three laws of motion even though all the three laws have been experimentally invalidated. Our interpretation of any observed phenomenon may be wrong but because our observations are right therefore we can still make use of the observed phenomenon.

Just as I was about to concentrate on expanding my article ‘Aham Brahmasmi’; I received a mail that asked me a very significant question, ‘Dozens of theories of everything emerge everyday on the net, thousands of articles are published in the peer science journals every year, and even Noble prize for physics is awarded every year but I cannot think of any one of these theories that has made any difference to my life. What difference does your theory going to make in my life? How is it going to benefit me? If your theory is right then may be it will change the physics forever but will it change the life of even a single human being?’ As mentioned earlier, I have explained the practical implications of my theory in my book, ‘Nature of Reality’ but this question forced me give up my philosophical adventure and concentrate more deeply on the practical implications of my theory. My second book, ‘Reality of illusions’ discusses practical implications of my theory and is ready for publication. Now, that my part of work on the book, ‘Reality of Illusions’ is over, I have enough time to concentrate on the philosophical implications of the theory and try and answer some of the bigger questions discussed above. As philosophy has become extinct, science and religion control the central stage in the modern world. Even though quantum mechanics has given renewed hopes to the philosophy, it has still stagnated. Bell’s inequality, quantum entanglement, double-slit experiment, and other such concepts of quantum mechanics have done a great deal in bringing science and philosophy together. Philosophy and physics must renew their old relationship because then only we will be able to understand religion better. One of the conflicting situations between science and religion that I can think of comes when we try to work out the possibility of something happening or not happening. Religious guru tells us, ‘God willing, it is possible’. Science does not leave any scope for the ‘will of the god’. It likes to give definite answers but quantum mechanics has taken away this definitiveness from our statements. We may not use the term ‘God willing’ but we admit that we can only predict the probabilities of something happening or something not happening. The popular science-philosophy books ask a very important question, ‘Do particles make conscious decisions?’ or ‘Do particles have mind?’ Quantum mechanics only tells us that there is arbitrariness in the behavior of the particles; it does not explain why there is arbitrariness in the behavior of the particles.

We know when a person is ‘dead’ but we do not know what imparts life to a body? Medical Science recognizes the existence of the entity called ‘mind’ but does not explain how does it manifest itself except by generating varied interpretations, varied behaviors? Mind manifests only through arbitrariness in the behavior of the subjects it belong to. The interpretation or the reasoning of the mind or the rationality of a decision is subjective phenomenon. Standard model does not dispute the validity of the first law of thermodynamics but it still suggests that particles can be ‘annihilated’. Without philosophy and religion, science has no usefulness. What is the usefulness of knowledge if knowledge is not put to practice? What good a theory of science can do if it cannot make a positive difference in our lives? Science has failed to reach the masses because it has failed to device a language comprehensible to the masses. Science must take the help of philosophy and religion to reach the masses and religion must prove to the modern generation that its basic framework rests firmly on laws of the nature. Science without religion and religion without science cannot be of any good to the humanity. Physicists wrongly assume that validity and usefulness of a scientific theory is inversely proportionate to its comprehensibility and hence it is getting further and further away from the masses. I believe that if a theory explains a fundamental law of nature then it shall not require any experimental evidence but shall be validated through the observations in nature. Therefore, I was quite keen to base my theory on the observations in nature. We can never have a more sophisticated, more advanced laboratory than the world around us. We just need to ask right questions. Some observed phenomenon are more difficult to explain than some others but we shall not accept a proposal if we know that it offers a solution against the natural laws. If wave and particle are mutually exclusive phenomenon then they simply cannot co-exist. If we find that an entity like light exhibits wave nature as well as particle nature then there has to be some problem in our understanding. Anyone except a physicist will understand this simple fact. A logically invalid theory can be scientifically valid but a theory cannot be logically valid and scientifically invalid. In ‘Nature of Reality’ I have provided answers to some of the most important questions, the bigger questions of science. In this e-book, I am seeking answers to some of the bigger questions of philosophy. In this e-book, I seek to answer same questions from a different perspective.

Section I
The Observer & the Observed
It is very important for us to know our limitations as an observer. As an observer, we can only know what is manifested to us. In other words, universe is, as we perceive it. We can only explain and comprehend what is manifested to us. We also must realize that information is never self-explanatory. Our mind needs to be trained to interpret even the smallest information therefore we have to be careful in interpreting what we observe or in interpreting the information provided to us. Let us examine our limitations and let us see how wrong interpretation of the perceived information can take us far away from our ultimate objective, which is to understand nature of reality, to understand mind of the God, and above all to know, ‘who we are?’ Observation and Interpretation Geometry, dimensions, directions, the beauty, and the ugliness and all such properties and features of an object that we consider to be absolute are only our way of making our perceptions comprehensible and communication meaningful. These are not inherent features of nature but are the properties that physical entities acquire due to our observational limitations or more appropriately, because of capabilities of our sensory organs. In a similar observation, Heisenberg suggests that what we observe is not nature but nature exposed to our method of questioning. Heisenberg’s observation does not expose our limitations as an observer because we can always improve or entirely change our method of questioning. Our problems as an observer are much deeper as we have certain inherent observational limitations that we can never overcome. We perceive relativity, duality, and uncertainty where none exists. We can only perceive information generated by an object and not the object itself. While it is possible for us to augment the range of our perception; for example, we can augment our field-of-view by using a telescope or a microscope, it is not possible for us to perceive an entity if it does not generate information in the perceivable format. This is the only limitation we have as an observer and there is no way we can get rid of this limitation. If an entity generates information in perceivable format then information about its existence is bound to manifest itself if only through the process of deduction or indirect observation and therefore science accepts the evidence by deduction. None of us has seen an atom but evidence by deduction allows us to know the existence of even sub-atomic particles. Evidence by deduction requires interpretation of information collected through indirect observation. Any wrong interpretation of the information may result in wrong conclusions. We need to be very careful in using evidence by deduction.

Nature may have extra dimensions, not just eleven but may be hundred and eleven, but we can perceive and comprehend only three-dimensional universe. Moment we imagine extra dimensions, we confront chaos and the thought becomes incomprehensible. Such an expression cannot have any practical utility and has to suffer from innumerable internal conflicts. The limit to what we can comprehend is set by the limit to what we can perceive. Even our mathematics is equipped to explain only three-dimensional universe and cannot explain universe with extra dimensions. Universe is about information and its interpretation by us. Following principle plays a very crucial role in interpreting what we observe. “One cause produces only one effect on a medium” This is the very basic law that allows us to have definite cause and effect relationships. Without this principle being valid, science will have no existence. This is the founding principle of the science. This law does not mean that one cause will produce same effect on all the mediums and this law does not mean that same effect cannot be produced on a medium by different causes. Unfortunately, we have made some horrible mistakes in interpreting the information at our disposal. We have all the information required to understand the structural and functional aspects of the universe and all we need to do is to put all the pieces of the puzzle on one table and look at the puzzle in its entirety. Once we realize that this universe functions as one unit then it becomes apparent that structurally also this universe must be one unit and therefore we cannot view any information or observation in isolation. We must find out the unifying force, the unifying entity that connects everything to everything else but before that let us look at the obvious mistakes we make in interpreting some simple observations and see how far we get away from our destination. One does not have to be a genius to realize that this entity has to be space. However, space here does not mean absolute emptiness. Space of physics is a physical entity. When we have a cursory glance at the theories on the fundamental concepts of physics then we find that none of the theories answer some of the most important questions pertaining to even one of the concepts let alone present a possible link to the unified theory. A theory on the fundamental concepts of the universe shall not require any experimental evidence because it shall be explainable through our observations in nature. There is no harm in having some experiments to confirm and reconfirm our interpretations but a theory on the fundamental concepts of nature must evolve from our observations of nature rather than through some mathematical possibilities or through imagination. Since this book is intended mainly for the non-physicists therefore I will not discuss any theory of physics in detail but I will definitely provide sufficient scientific evidence to the observations I have made in this book.

Now, let us examine how wrong interpretation of the observed phenomenon can cause havoc with our understanding of nature. We believe that position of every planet in the solar system is affected by the position of the rest of the planets and yet we think that we can determine the position of a planet mathematically. Let me explain, we cannot know the exact position of the earth unless we know the exact position of all other planets in the solar system but to know the exact position of any other planet in the solar system, we must know the position of the earth. When the positions of two or more entities are interdependent then it is impossible to mathematically derive the position of any of these entities. In a solar system, it serves our purpose to have approximate equations even if we have to launch a satellite in the space but at much lower scales or at much bigger scales, the mathematics fails because the fundamental theory is wrong. Indeed, objects neither attract nor distract each other but remain in balance with each other. Basic operative principle of the gravitational force is that position of an object in a system depends on its net energy value at different points of its structure vis-à-vis net energy value of different points of its parent system. The net energy value at different points of the system is affected by the presence of other physical entities as well. There is another major principle that is important for understanding the universe. Nature only entertains interactions between systems. Each system except universe is part of the bigger system. Let me put it this way, every system in the universe except universe has a parent system and every system in the universe except fundamental particles of the universe has a child system. The earth is a system in itself and is a parent system for every entity that exists within its gravitational field including moon and it also is a child system of the sun. Once a system becomes part of a bigger system then it enjoys the free-will only within its parent system. An electron of an atom is the entity that is exchanged between two entities but it is the structure and the properties of the atoms that determine the structure and nature of electron to be exchanged. Electron on its own cannot decide to leave a particular atom and combine with another atom. Our hands and legs do not have free-will or the mind of their own. There is a disease in which a hand acquires a ‘free-will’ and starts acting on its own and the mind of the person to whom it belongs has no control on its activity. Watching a program on the TV that showed the experience of some of the patients suffering from this disease, I realized that this is more dangerous disease than losing a hand. The hand may just kill someone else but more often than not it is more harmful for the person himself. However, even in this case, the disease is caused by some deformity in the brain; hand does not develop its own mind. Thus, no entity outside the solar system will have any direct influence on the position of the earth. The indirect influence of the entities existing outside the solar system can only be through the sun. Since sun interacts with entities within its parent system therefore any change in its energy value due to interactions with entities existing outside the solar system is bound to affect the earth and all entities within the solar

system but such influence is always indirect. Earth cannot interact with any entity outside the solar system. These observations have enormous influence for us including in how we manage our family and business. Everything affects everything else and yet nothing outside the parent system can affect the position of an entity. Even if we light a matchstick in our house, the dynamics of the entire universe changes but such change remains undetectable to us. A poet is more likely to put the same thing more aesthetically and Francis Thomson obliges us with his following observation “Move but a wing, and disturb a star.” Francis Thompson should have won the Noble Prize for physics for these two lines because they sum up the one of the fundamental laws of nature and establishes the interrelationship of all beings. Of course, Francis Thomson might not have based his observation on the laws of nature but it still reflects the truth. Now, if anyone wants to have a precise, universal equation for the gravitational force then my best wishes are with that person but for all practical purposes, Newton’s universal law of gravitation serves us fine. Now, let us move to another observation. We trust that sound travels and travels at a finite speed. If sound travels and moves from point a to point b in x seconds then after x seconds it shall not remain where it is produced. This obviously does not happen; we hear the sound exactly at the location where it is produced. The movement of the waves and the delayed manifestation of the sound at a distance give us the impression that sound travels and hence takes time to be heard. This observation has enormous implications on our understanding of what information is and how it is communicated. Sound does not move and can manifest itself at more than one place simultaneously. This is how confusing and how obvious nature can be. Following images have also drawn lots of responses and most agree that we have missed something very obvious.

We know that light refracts when it changes medium. The images of the pencil getting distorted are used to illustrate this very special property of the light. These very images show that light does not travel from its place and we need not absorb the photons emitted or reflected by the objects to be able to view the objects. The images of the pencils cannot be explained through the mathematics of the Snail’s law. As is the case in the image of the laser beam, it is obvious that once it changes the medium, light does not refract. If we were required to see the laser beam or the pencils by absorbing photons coming from these sources then neither the pencil nor the laser beams will appear straight in the water as the photons will have to change the medium twice before they can reach us and angle of refraction in each case will be different. I have confirmed these observations through other experiments as well. For the Snail’s law to be valid, we must be able to see the light wherever it is (provided it is in our observational range). Now, I must explain the apparent or illusory motion of light. No such thing as light is emitted by the sun or any other light source. All light sources emit energy that produces light when it is absorbed by the matter. Quantum and nature of the light produced depends not only on the properties of the energy being absorbed by the object but also on the properties of the object itself. In the relative world, nothing is absolute. Light and darkness are also relative phenomenon. Darkness is generally considered to be absence of the light but this perception is wrong because darkness can exist even in the presence of the light as is apparent from the following images.

We know that multiple light sources form multiple shadows unless the intensity of the light is too high. We can see that in the image on the left, all the areas except the areas covered by the shadow are receiving sufficient light and therefore are appearing bright. We switch on another light source to increase the quantum of the light but find that the areas opposite to the light source are appearing dark even though these areas are still receiving the light from the first light source. The shadow in front of the object is also receiving sufficient light from the second light source and yet we observe darkness. Obviously, light and darkness are relative phenomenon and we need not absorb light emitted or reflected by the object to see the object.

We have another duality here because if something can be light as well as darkness then our entire concept of what light is changes. Photons cannot be thought of as the light particle. We will examine light in detail a little bit later. This discussion conclusively proves that we can sense the light wherever it is provided it is in the perceptible range of our eyes. Relativity and Reality All our perceptions are relative i.e. we do not perceive anything in isolation. The fundamental cause of all the relativity is that nothing, not even energy is endowed with the property of self-manifestation. Energy has no discernible properties. I am not suggesting that energy does not have any discernible properties, all I am suggesting is that energy has no discernible properties; not even visible light is endowed with the properties of self-manifestation. Energy and matter remain imperceptible in the absence of each other. This is precisely the reason why we can not know the absolute properties of energy nor can we know the absolute properties of matter. Matter and energy acquire the manifested form only when they combine with each other. We now have two forms of every physical entity – real form and the manifested form. Manifested form is only a projection of the real form. Real form of an entity always remains unknowable. Manifested form in itself needs a medium through which its properties can be manifested. Theoretically every entity has the potential to manifest all the information but generally no entity can manifest all the properties of all the physical entities and hence perception of the manifested form a physical entity by another physical entity (medium of manifestation) depends not only the properties of the physical entity that is being manifested but also on the properties of the manifesting medium. With this analysis in place, let us now examine Jordan’s suggestion and Einstein’s response to the suggestion. Jordan suggests that observer creates what is being observed and that an entity exists only as a probability till it is observed. Einstein didn’t like the suggestion and retorted stating that moon hangs out there independent of the observer. Observer does not create what is being observed but at the same time it is also true that manifestation of a physical entity remains only a potentiality till it finds a suitable medium to manifest its properties. We have seen that we hear the sound at the place where it is produced; sound exists only as a potentiality between the point it is produced and the point where we are placed as an observer; similarly, even the image of an object exist only as a potentiality till it finds a medium. A physical entity exists only as a potentiality till it finds a suitable medium. Heat and light of the sun remain unmanifested in the space outside the atmosphere of the earth but manifest themselves as soon as an appropriate medium is in place to manifest heat and light generated by the sun and hence the sun. The quantum of heat

and light reaching any given place remains same but the quantum of heat and light generated at the place will vary according to the properties of the medium. As mentioned earlier, even visible light exists only as a potentiality till it finds matter to manifest itself. Like we hear the sound where it is produced, we also see the light where it is produced. Light does not move and hence cannot carry information. As such, nothing moves forward in a wave and therefore wave cannot carry information forward.. When we point a laser beam at a mirror, we can see the point of the laser gun in the mirror. When we switch on the laser gun, we find that the emission point in the mirror also glows and we also find that another dot appears in the mirror at the point where light supposedly strikes the mirror and laser beam is refracted from this point. A hispeed camera will show that the emission point in the mirror glows immediately but the laser beam will strike the mirror later. Information does not move from the place where it is generated and it must find a medium to manifest itself. The moon may hang in there in the sky but its properties remain unmanifested till it finds a suitable medium to manifest its properties. Of course, the manifesting medium does not have to be human beings only. Moon also manifests sun and so do human beings but both manifest sun in their own different ways. As an observer, we have our limitations and what is manifested to us is only the projection of the reality and not the reality itself. Manifested form of a physical entity depends not only on its own properties but also on the properties of the energy that object absorbs as well as the properties of the manifesting medium and the method of observation being used by the observer or the manifesting medium. Thus, manifested form of the moon depends not only on the properties of the moon but also on the properties of the energy it receives from the sun and the properties of the observer. If we were to wear colored glasses or to use a telescope then the appearance of the moon changes completely. We use a telescope or land on the moon and find that it is almost exactly the same type of physical entity that our earth is but even the earth we observe is only the projection of the real earth. Medical science tells us that our brain understands only the language of impulses. The manifested form of an entity is only a projection by the brain of the impulses it receives from the sensory organs. Manifested form is not reality but is the reality as projected by the brain to us. Obviously, this projection is affected by the current operative range of our sensory organs. The reality of what we perceive is only an impulse. However, impulse is not the reality because the causal source of the impulse is something else.

What is perceivable is relative and hence is not real and what is real is unperceivable. It is not a great feeling to know that we cannot know the reality of even a single physical entity. It took me almost five years to realize that the perceptible universe is only a projection of reality, is relative, and hence is illusory. I was quite disappointing to arrive at this conclusion and this is when I closed the work on my first book, ‘Nature of Reality’. Let us discuss this relative universe in some more detail. Often, we concentrate on appearances ignoring the reality and hence we encounter relativity; this point can be best illustrated through the relativity of motion. If x is in motion then y also appears to be in motion when viewed from the frame of reference of x even though y may be in a state of complete rest. This is only relativity of perception that arises out of our observational limitations. Fortunately, physics is not supposed to go by the appearances. x is having real motion even though it may appear to be static to an observer moving at the same speed as happens in case of the observers moving in a vehicle. On the other hand, frame of reference of y does not change even though it may appear to be in motion to an observer in motion. Properties of x or y will change due to motion only if there is a change in the conditions they are operating in. It is the change in the conditions caused by motion and not the motion per se that causes a change in the rate of flow of time for a physical entity. If conditions at the coordinates y is operating in remains constant then time for y runs at a constant pace irrespective of the motion of other bodies but time for x may run faster or slower than y depending on the change in the conditions x is operating in at any given time. “Motion can only be defined as a change in the coordinates of space of a physical entity over time.” This definition reduces all the motion to mere illusion simply because any entity can only be at one location at any given point of time. If an entity moves only once in a year or once in a hundred years even then it is supposed to be in motion though it may appear to be static to us. Appearance of motion is the creation of our observational limitations. However, this fact alone does not form the basis of the earlier statement that all motion is illusion. When we explore the reality of motion, we will be looking at the possibility of something physical moving from coordinate ‘A’ of space to coordinate ‘B’ of space. Physics must get rid of all the relativity of appearances. Physics also must accept that the affect of self-generated motion on a physical entity will be different from the affect of derived motion a physical entity is forced to have due to its presence on a moving body. Normally, operating conditions of a physical entity do not change much in case of derived motion. Apparently, our motion derived from the motion of earth does not affect rate of flow of time for us because our operating conditions do not change due to motion derived by us because of the motion of earth.

Self-generated motion is bound to affect rate of flow of time for an entity because the entity cannot achieve self-generated motion without expending energy; release of energy by a physical entity in itself causes a change in the operating conditions as also in the entity that releases the energy. While calculating time dilation, we do not account for derived motion of atomic clocks due to motion of earth but we account for derived motion of an atomic clock due to motion of a spaceship. This anomaly changes the whole scenario. We cannot equate the motion of a person walking up the stairs, walking down the stairs, going up in a lift, and going down in the lift even if his velocity may be same in all four cases. Momentum and position are not the complementary properties of a physical entity. Twin paradox is the result of wrong understanding of physics of motion. Motion is an observer-independent phenomenon and hence is not a relative phenomenon. It is quite apparent from the time dilation we observe in GPRS system. The rate of flow of time for atomic clocks at earth do not change merely because there is an atomic clock up there in the space. For those of you who are not familiar with twin paradox, let me explain this interesting outcome of theory of relativity. As per theory of relativity, all the motion is relative. We have two twins - Peter and Paul. Peter goes on a space voyage while Paul remains on earth. As per theory of relativity, motion makes the time run slower for a system and hence Peter must age slower than Paul. However, when watched from the frame of reference of Peter, Paul also is in motion and hence Paul also must age slower than Peter. This creates a paradox. This is one of the biggest theoretical problems arising out of theory of relativity. You ask any layman and he will give you the simple solution that the rate of flow of time for Peter will not change because Paul’s motion is illusory whereas Peter’s motion is real but for a physicist who believes in theory of relativity, this simple logic remains out of comprehension. We have thousands of solutions to the twin paradox, most of them involve complex mathematics and yet none provides a satisfactory answer as long as we believe in the relativity of motion. Just imagine that if one of us goes to space then by the sheer logic of the theory of relativity and the twin paradox, time for all other human beings on earth must run slower. Now, let us have two different individuals in space both moving at different speeds. How fast or slow time for the two individuals and rest of us on earth run? Physics must realize that more problems can be solved by using simple common sense than by using complex mathematics. This is the reality of the relativity. It is all illusion. Let us now find out what is reality. Our idea of reality is that it must be absolute i.e. it must be space and time independent. Reality also must only be one and everything else must only be its projection. Reality must not have any perceivable property or else it will not be able

to project the complementary property e.g. if reality has light as its inherent property then it cannot project darkness. Does any such entity exist? Our above analysis shows that reality seems to hide its secrets. Does reality hide its secrets? Newton suggests that mathematics is the language of the nature but Godel’s incompleteness theorem rules out the possibility of knowing or explaining all mathematical truths; Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle suggests that we cannot simultaneously know the complementary properties of an entity which means that at any given time, we can know only half truth. Einstein views on the issue appear to be contradictory; it is as if his scientific mind refuses to accept what he knows intuitively to be true. Einstein firmly believes that there is inherent order in the universe and that it is possible to explain nature through some fundamental laws and therefore it is surprising that Einstein also suggests that we cannot understand nature through scientific exploration. Einstein suggests, “Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone.” Here Einstein gives the impression that he believes that fundamental idea of science can be explained. His famous comment ‘God does not play dice’ also indicates that nature is comprehensible but in the following quotes Einstein seems to suggest that nature hides its true character. “The supreme task of the physicist is to arrive at those universal elementary laws from which the cosmos can be built up by pure deduction. There is no logical path to these laws; only intuition, resting on sympathetic understanding of experience, can reach them.” “There is no logical way to the discovery of the elemental laws. There is only the way of intuition which helped by a feeling for the order lying behind the appearances.” “Nature conceals her secrets because she is sublime, not because she is a trickster.” Every person who strives to explain the reality through scientific exploration is bound to suffer from such contradictions. As we will see later, there is permanency in the universe but there is nothing permanent in the perceptible universe; everything is in the motion but nothing moves in the universe; there is uncertainty and yet there is no uncertainty; there is only one, but there is none that is not unique in itself. These apparent contradictions appear to be part of the nature only till we understand the difference between manifested form of reality and the reality itself. If we want to see change, dualities, defects, uncertainty in the universe then we find them

everywhere but if we want to see oneness of all physical entities, permanency, purity, and definitiveness in the universe then universe is manifested to us accordingly. Choice is entirely ours. Well, nature does not hide its reality. We have the potential to manifest everything that exists in the universe but we do not realize our full potential and operate only within a narrow range. For instance, visible light is our creation. A dark-adopted eye can detect a single photon but such eyes will get damaged instantly even if it is exposed to the normal light. Range of our sensory organs is not fixed but can adopt itself according to the conditions. Every particle in the universe can manifest all the information that exists in the universe and therefore every particle that makes up our body can manifest the entire universe. Every point in a mirror projects every object in its field-of-view; similarly, CMBR (Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation) gives us information about every point in the universe. CMBR is present at all the points of the universe and therefore the information about every point in the universe is available at all the points of the universe. For the readers who do not know what CMBR is, I must mention that it is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation that causes the grains on our TV screen when it does not receive signals from any channels. Even though, CMBR is present everywhere it remains unmanifested to us because of the high radiation generated by the matter and therefore scientists have to select specific locations where the noise is minimum and then use further techniques to draw a composite CMBR map of the entire universe. As per Indian mythology, Indra’s net has a magical property; every bead in the net projects every other bead individually and every bead also projects the entire net. CMBR is Indra’s net. Apparently, ancient Indian scientists had detected the CMBR thousands of years back. Show me a place where I do not exist and show me a thing that does not exist within me! This is not a philosophical statement; this statement is based purely on the laws of the nature if not on the laws of the physics. As I have mentioned, every point in the mirror projects everything in its field of view; similarly, we also project everything in our field of perception. CMBR is present everywhere and so are we and if this so then obviously everything must also exist in us. Obviously, nature makes all the information available at all points of universe. Our current understanding is that CMBR is the relic of the big bang. Unfortunately, this is not correct interpretation of an observed phenomenon.

-271.23 degrees Celsius

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Distance in light years The temperature of the universe is almost same at all points except at places where matter is present. The temperature of the CMBR at a point 13 billion light years away is same as the temperature of the CMBR outside the atmosphere of the earth. Since big bang theory, the theory that predicted the existence of the CMBR, firmly rests on the validity of the theory of relativity therefore it must believe that the temperature we are receiving from the point of the universe that is 13 billion light years away is the temperature of the universe as it was 13 billion years back. This being so, the temperature of the universe at the time of the big bang should be what it is today. Moreover, if information does not travel instantly then we cannot make any statement about the current state of the universe. One cannot escape this conclusion if one were to believe in the theory of relativity. One may find illogical solutions but that is not going to help us understand nature. CMBR map makes it abundantly clear that universe functions as one unit for the temperature of the universe to be almost same at all points and if universe functions as one unit then it must have a communication network in place that connects a coordinate of space to all other coordinates of space. Once again, we find that our interpretation is not consistent. In one part of a theory we believe that information cannot be communicated instantly but in the other part we claim that we know the current state of the universe. We cannot make any statement about the current state of the universe unless we believe that information is communicated instantly. Information exists everywhere and all the entities have potential to manifest this information but this potential remains unrealized and hence we believe that nature hides the reality from us. If science believes that nature hides even a single thing from us then it must give up all attempts to understand nature because one cannot understand universe in parts. Either one understands it fully or one simply does not understand it. You may recall the time when you had failed to see an object like your hanky even though it was right in front of your eyes. You can also remember the embarrassment you felt when your wife came and picked up the hanky from right in front of your eyes without even looking at the hanky. Can you blame your wife for hiding the hanky from you? You surely cannot. We do not blame our wives because she comes and shows us that we were momentarily blinded because our mental eye was not functioning but we do not hesitate in blaming the nature for being secretive.

Blindness is not caused by the malfunction of eyes only; more often than not, blindness is also caused by the malfunctioning of the mental eye. Such blindness is self-inflicted. We fail to notice the obvious because we wear the veil of the knowledge, pre-conceived notions, and at times, of misplaced trust or faith. The third eye of Lord Shiv is the mental eye. We believe that we can see an object when our eyes absorb a photon or sense the information but we are wrong because we cannot see anything unless our mental eye is open. Andham tamah pravisanti yo’vidyam upasate Tato bhuya iva te tamo ya u vidyayam ratha Anyad evahur vidyava anyad ahur avidyava Iti susruma dhiranam ye nas tad vicakshire. Vidyam cavidyam ca yas tad vedobhyam saha Avidyam mrtyum tirtva vidyayamrtam asunte

Into blinding darkness enter those who do not follow the path of knowledge, those who delight in knowledge enter into still deeper darkness! Distinct is the darkness that arises from the ignorance and distinct is the darkness that arises from knowledge. Those who understand knowledge and ignorance together will only be enlightened. The veil of knowledge is a very dangerous veil because it does not let any light come through it. The very thought that ‘I know’ shuts all doors for us. An ignorant person is like an empty vessel and a person who thinks that he already knows is like a vessel filled to the brink; not even a drop of water can enter such a vessel. Lord Krishna in Gita grants the vision to the Arjuna to enable him to perceive the entire universe in the body of Lord Krishna. It is not that Lord Krishna first does some magic to project the information; information preexists in Lord Krishna and Indian philosophy suggests that it exists everywhere and in all entities but the observer also must have the ability to perceive this information and therefore Arjuna was granted the power to perceive this information. There cannot be much difference in the range of mental level of the speaker and the listener, between the manifested agency and manifesting agency. We cannot expect a normal five year old child to comprehend the study material of graduate course. The child has the potential but the potentiality does not guarantee realization of the potential. Relativity of Space, Time, and Frame of Reference

The knowable universe is like dough of clay that does not have symmetrical structure i.e. the density the clay varies at different coordinates of space or in other words, degree of distortion of space varies at different points of space. The rate of flow of time varies depending on the degree of distortion. Higher the distortion, faster the time runs for the system. Space is not going to remain distorted for ever. Time is the process through which space is achieving supersymmetry in its structure and the relationship between the degree of distortion and rate of flow of time ensures that space achieved supersymmetry at all points simultaneously. We cannot associate the idea of absolute interval with the concept of time. The process of achieving supersymmetry goes on uninterruptedly at all points of space albeit at different rates at different points of space. This is the relationship between space and time and this is the reason why we have to measure degree of distortion of space and rate of slow of time in the same frame of reference. Unfortunately, we cannot do this and hence we do not see absoluteness of speed of energy reflected through the speed of light. We have the appearance of different shapes of space only due to the variations in the density of space. We will discuss the structural part of the space later; here, we will concentrate only on the appearance and hence the relativity of space. An oscillating atom in the vibrating string of a guitar is a part, is a whole, is an image, is a sound, is a wave, is a particle; is all of these and probably more, and is none of these. In physical terms, like everything else in the universe, an atom is only a manifestation. As far as reality is concerned, the atom is only a space-time structure. The manifested form of an atom depends on the three factors described above. In reality, all objects are mere space-time structure. Like everything else in the universe, even the distance is a relative phenomenon. Relative distance between the sun and earth can never be same when measured at different times and using different methods. The sun seems to zoom in towards us in the morning and in the evening and appears bigger not because of the refraction of light but because of the relativity of space-time. What appears far may actually be quite close to you and what appears close may be farther than you may like to believe. We cannot explain this apparent increase in the size of the sun through the refraction. Sun is a sphere and there is a huge variation in the visible point of the sun closest to us and the visible point of the sun farthest from us. The light from the nearest point shall reach us at least 2.33 seconds earlier than the light from the farthest point and therefore shape of the sun must appear distorted. This difference shall become apparent during the solar eclipse. During total solar eclipse light takes about 45 seconds to travel from the moon to the earth and 2.33 seconds is almost 5% of this time. This difference does not manifest itself during the total solar

eclipse.

In normal conditions it will not make any difference because the flow of photons is continuous but the shape of the sun must manifest itself during total solar eclipse if our understanding of the mechanism of our sense of sight is correct. Let us continue our analysis of the total solar eclipse. The light takes almost 8 minutes to reach moon and therefore we shall not see the total solar eclipse when sun, moon, and earth are in straight line. The moon will move 0.0074 degrees from its position in 8 minutes and this is a massive change in the position of the moon. The earth also moves by 0.0055 degrees in 8 minutes in the other direction and therefore total solar eclipse shall not occur at all. Even if we neglect this fact, the there shall be a difference of almost 9 minutes between the time when sun, moon, and earth get into a straight line and our viewing of the total solar eclipse. The totality never lasts more than 7 min and 31 seconds and usually it is for much shorter duration. We shall see the solar eclipse only after it ends. As such, when we make a drawing of the positions of these three entities to the scale then we find that umbra of the moon does not extent to the earth; in fact, it falls well short of the earth. The darkness on the earth is caused due to the presence of atmosphere as atmosphere needs a lot more energy to produce light than objects like dust particles on the surface of the earth. During the solar eclipse, we see only that part of the sun that makes its way to the earth, which means each photon that is emitted from the sun does not carry the image of the entire sun therefore we shall see the full sun only if the light from each part of the sun makes its way to our eyes. Light from each point of the sun must reach all the points of the earth all the times when sun is visible. Sun is only a combination of atoms and for this proposal to be true, each part of the atoms in the sun must release a photon in all possible directions simultaneously. This also means that we shall not be required to look at the sun directly to be able to see the sun. Mere act of absorbing the sunlight (even when we are not looking at the sun directly) shall make the sun visible to us. This analysis of the solar eclipse confirms my earlier observation that we can see the light wherever it is, provided it is in the perceivable range of our eyes. Vacuum itself is not absolute but is relative phenomenon. Vacuum in the voids is different in structure and nature than the vacuum between the earth and the sun and hence speed of light cannot be same in vacuum. Light will zoom through the voids at much faster speed than we notice between the sun and the earth. Of course, the frame of reference for length changes in both the cases but the frame of reference for time is

same in both the cases and hence we find variations in the speed of the light. Let me first explain the concept of ‘frame of reference’. It is such an important concept of the theory of relativity and needs a lot more attention than we have given it so far. In most simplistic terms, a frame of reference is the point at which the observer makes measurements or makes observations. Point of measurement is the frame-of-reference of the observer. Science makes the fundamental mistake in measuring one property from one frame of reference and other property at other frame of reference. The relativity appears the moment we change the frame of reference of two different observations. For example, in BE-Condensate, we measure the distance light travels or the length in a different frame of reference and time in another frame of reference and conclude that light travels slowly in the BE-Condensate and therefore we can conclude that speed of light is a relative phenomenon. Our atomic clocks are present in different setup and hence do not experience the change in the conditions in the BECondensate. The problem is that atomic clocks are so designed that they are protected from the changes in the external conditions and hence even if we were to place an atomic clock in the BE-Condensate then they will remain immune to the change in the conditions. In any case, because of the sheer smallness of the size of the condensate, it is not possible to put an atomic clock in BE-Condensate. With these practical difficulties, it is not possible to have all measurements in the same frame-of-reference. Apparently, there is no way we can get rid of this huge experimental error and therefore we are bound to find relativity. Now, let us move to the concept of frame-of-reference from the point of view of philosophy. It is important for us to know how things are but now that we know that we can never know how things are but can only know their manifested form therefore we must shift our focus to understanding how we are affected by the laws of nature. We have to study everything based on its affect on us; we have to study everything from our frame of reference. As mentioned earlier, when study the universe from our point of view then we can divide everything in three categories – Satvic (everything that is good for us), Rajsic (everything that is neutral), and Tamsic (everything that is harmful to us). From point of view of the science, space and time of the observation are important but from the point of view of philosophy, we are equally important. My second book explains science and philosophy from our frame of reference. The truth explained in

this book has potential to change the entire universe for good but it is not going to bring about any major change in the universe because even without knowing the science and philosophy of structural and functional aspects of the universe, we all know what is right and what is wrong but we always do not do what is right. The second book is bound to appeal to the minds of even a layman because it explain practical implications of what I have explained in this e-book and in my previous book. There are hundred ways of losing weight but there is none that can does not require you to change your life-style, to change your diet, and that does not require some sort of strenuous exercise. If you are told that you can lose weight without doing anything mentioned above then I am sure you will not have any problem. I have lost 5.5 kilogram weight and have reduced my tummy by almost an inch in just about 45 days (I am still overweight and my tummy still bulges out quite embarrassingly but I am sure that within next 3 month it will be flat.) Methods suggested being followed by me are based purely on the laws of nature and do not have any harmful side-effects. In fact, I have reduced my walking, my diet has increased, and my life-style continues to be as strenuous as it was when I was working on my project on ‘Nature of Reality’. I walk as little as I can because walking or even the slightest movement of even a hair is not good for us. I sit in front of my computer for at least 12-14 hours a day, sleep as little as 4-5 hours and by the grace of the God, feel reasonably energetic most of the day. Therefore, as far as I am concerned, this reduction in the weight and the tummy is remarkable achievement. The point is that when we keep ourselves at the center of everything then entire perspective changes. It is different than being selfish in the sense we understand the word selfish. Unfortunately, we are not selfish enough; we cannot be selfish because we do not know what is good for us and what is not good for us. What is the use of knowing what exists 13 billion light years away if the information is of no good to us? It is nice to know that earth revolves around the sun but for all practical purposes, from our frame of reference, sun revolves around the sun. Even when we make scientific observations, we have to consider earth to be static and believe that everything else is moving relative to the assumed static position of the earth. I have mentioned about speed of light in BE-Condensate; we make the same mistake in case of measurement of speed of light in vacuum. We make the measurement of distance in one frame-of-reference and we measure time in another frame-ofreference. Let us analyze our definition of meter. Meter is the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. The problem is that none of the numerous factors this definition involves are absolute.

Length is not an absolute phenomenon; space gets distorted and length contracts and expands depending on the conditions, vacuum too is not an absolute phenomenon and none other than Einstein himself has ruled out existence of absolute emptiness in the universe; Einstein has also shown us that rate of flow of time is not uniform in the universe. What this means is that we have to specify the conditions in which this definition holds good and any variation in the condition is bound to change the length of the meter. This is not all, any change in the condition not only changes length but also affects rate of flow of time. So, what’s the use of this definition? We must realize that everything in the perceptible universe is true only in specific conditions. Fortunately, change is so slow and so little that the length of the meter-rod at one degree temperature and at twenty-five degrees temperature does not change and therefore you do not have to worry much that you may get reduced length of the cloth if you buy the clothes when the temperature is low but in some cases, the temperature makes a huge difference like in case of liquid. Even the measure is bound to expand but expansion of measure will not be in the same proportion as the expansion of the liquid because energy does not move at the same speed in all mediums. Average of your car is bound to increase if you fill the petrol in the early morning or late evening rather than in the afternoon. The basic point here is that in perceptible universe, everything is true only for a moment and only at a specific location. This is relative nature of universe. Now, let us see if we can find absoluteness. Speed of light increases in vacuum because vacuum is more symmetrical space. As the degree of distortion of space increases, the speed of light reduces and time contracts and runs faster. The wavelength and the frequency of a wave are inversely proportionate. If wavelength increases, frequency reduces. Frequency of oscillation of a wave gives us its proper time. Speed of light in vacuum, in air, in water, in glass, or in any other medium is supposed to be constant. What is so great about speed of light in vacuum? Light does not exist in vacuum and hence speed of light cannot be measured in vacuum without involving matter and without assuming certain untestable premises. We have to assume that light is reflected instantly as it hits the surface of the mirror or any other object. Anyway, let us not get into the minor details but concentrate on more important issues.

Contrary to what we believe, speed of light in a medium cannot be same in all conditions. Temperature affects density of a medium and density of the medium affects speed of light and hence in all other mediums, there will be minute variations in the speed of light and these variations can easily be measured with any hi-speed camera. These variations are also noticeable in the BE-Condensate in which everything else remains constant except the temperature and as temperature drops, the density increases and light beam starts to contract. When we use the term ‘contraction of light beam’ then we forget that a light beam is supposed to consist of trillions of photons and any contraction has to be explained with this background. Ideally, we must have absolute vacuum for measuring speed of light but absolute vacuum can exist only at temperature of absolute zero but for all practical purposes vacuum outside the atmosphere of the earth has to be taken as common reference point. We must recognize that we are only working with approximations and hence our equations can only be valid for these conditions and will give us false results when we change these conditions. To maintain the simultaneity of information, the space gets pulled in and things appear closer. It is not that space contracts physically; only the appearance changes and hence all the things in our field-of-view appear to be larger than they are. Refraction can only cause change in the apparent position of the sun, it cannot make the sun larger or smaller and that too without distorting its shape. A system constantly moves towards achieving supersymmetry; a system may distort its space further and make time run faster for it. In perceptible universe, every observation is space-specific and time-specific. If we change the frame of reference of our measurement of either the space or the time then relativity is bound to appear. In a universe where absolute emptiness does not exist and where distortion of space is directly proportionate to the rate of flow of time, each pocket of distorted space must achieve supersymmetry in its own structure. Therefore, every pocket is a mini universe in itself and must make its own decisions about the process of achieving supersymmetry. Since every pocket of distorted space is identified by us as a system therefore every physical entity is a mini-universe in itself. The decision making process can be mechanical and not a conscious process, which means the distorted pockets may not be endowed with mind but we can never determine scientifically whether or not every entity is endowed with mind or not. Obviously, once formed, a system can never disintegrate. Let us not interpret this observation to mean anything more than what it literary mean. It does not mean that constituent fundamental particles of the system do not change nor does it mean that

system cannot have apparent motion in the perceptible universe. There are lots of complex issues involved in this discussion and therefore it will not be prudent to discuss technical issues here but that does not allow us to discount the enormous implications of the above observations. Just for the readers who are acquainted with basic theories of physics, I must mention here that this discussion gives us causal explanation for mass defect and allows us to measure the accurate age of the universe. Without going into further details, I must mention that the age of the universe cannot be less than at least 9 trillion years and not 13 billion years as predicted by the big bang theory. I also must state that we are at the end of the current cycle of the universe having completed over 96% of the age of the universe. We are still left with several billion years. Observable universe is going to get progressively darker and narrower with the passage of the time. The objects will get smaller and smaller and time for these objects will run faster and faster. On earth, even in the near future, climatic changes will be too sudden and too drastic and we may not have time to adapt to such changes. Because of the wrong understanding of the nature, we do not even understand what the global warming is and have failed to identify the factors that cause global warming. The universe and even the upper atmosphere of the earth is actually cooling constantly. The affect of global warming are being felt only near the surface of the earth because we have covered the surface of the earth with the objects that generate extremely high radiation. Use of cement instead of clay and wood has contributed enormously to the problem. Cutting down of the trees has not helped us either. Cutting down of the trees create two problems – it allows more energy of the sun to reach the surface of the earth and also makes the atmosphere thinner that too results in more energy of the sun making its way to the surface of the earth. Atmosphere absorbs most of the energy of the sun and this is precisely the reason why we do not have moon like conditions on earth. Thinner the atmosphere, lesser is the energy absorbed by it. Energy absorbed by an object is either converted to the matter or is released in the form of radiation or is transferred to another object. Trees convert energy into matter quite efficiently and hence reduce the energy levels at the surface of the earth. We only notice the ill-effects of industrialization and hence can only think of solutions that are quite expensive and impractical to implement. The easiest and the quickest solution to the problem of global warming is to plant more and more trees. If we do not take urgent steps now then cancer esp. skin cancer will be a major threat esp. for European countries and other comparatively cooler places like Canada and New Zealand. Rainfall will increase and our cities will submerge in the seas. I am not too sure

whether we still have chance to reverse the conditions or have we reached the point of no return but in either case, there is no harm in trying to retrieve the situation. More than anything else, controlling the menace of global warming has to be our topmost item on our agenda. We can deal with the rest of the problems if we survive. Problem of global warming can only be controlled if we fight it together, if each one of us makes an effort to control the problem not only by planting trees but also by using more clay and wood. Management of jungles is extremely important but this part can be left to the government. We must do everything we can to control this problem. It is not the question of the survival of the posterity, our own survival is at stake. As far as the illeffects of climatic changes are concerned, USA can be the worst hit in the near future. USA and Japan can be the first countries to be wiped out of the map of the world in spite of all their technological advancement. Next five years are extremely crucial for us; if we do not take urgent steps now then we will not be required to take any steps because we may not be there to take any steps. For now, let us return back to the discussion on the systems and the behavior of the systems. A system may increase the degree of distortion and go back in time; however, going back in time does not mean that we can acquire the form and properties that we had 5 years or ten years back. We cannot become a child once we have become an adult. Going back in time is like demotion in an organization. We are struck behind when everyone else has moved up and since universe has to achieve supersymmetry in its structure simultaneously therefore we have to do the catching up job and work harder than others. In any case, the process of change goes on continuously in the perceptible universe.

Section – II
The Contradictions
Science only looks at the surface and therefore observes contradictions, dualities and uncertainties in the behavior of the nature. Yes, some of us, including myself, may feel that god sometimes takes undue advantage of being almighty god that he is but we must realize that god cannot manage this universe without an automated system in place. God does not determine where the dice will fall; we, by our actions determine where the dice will fall. We often observe that someone is endowed with enormous wealth, happiness, and what not just because he happens to have been born in a specific family and we also find that some other child suffers from poverty, diseases, and undergoes all sorts of hardships because by chance the child is born in an extremely poor family. If these are just matter of chance then we have legitimate cause of complain but as we will see shortly, our complaints are unjustified. Impermanency of the perceptible universe v/s permanency or eternal nature of the absolute Change is supposed to be the only permanent feature of the perceptible universe. Quantum mechanics suggests that all the processes are irreversible. Arrow of time is supposed to move only in the forward direction. We cannot go back in time. It also is plain and simple fact of the life. What is, never was, and will never be! Why is it that all processes are irreversible? If we have the same components of a physical entity available with us then theoretically it should be possible to reverse all processes but if we do not have same components of physical entity available with us then all processes must be irreversible. It is either/or sort of situation. We cannot have a situation where some processes are reversible and others are irreversible. If we make a pot of clay and do not like it then till the clay is wet, we can make another pot or any other object from the same clay. Or, if we make an ornament of gold and do not like it then we can make another ornament from the same gold. Because the quantum of clay or the gold we lose in the process is undetectable therefore we may conclude that certain processes are irreversible but this is not a fact. Yes, we will lose some gold in the form of dust but the gold still exists in the form of the gold and hence will be recoverable. However, quantum mechanics suggests that we cannot recover all the gold. Most of the radioactive elements have life span of billions of years and we know that half of the heap of a radioactive element will vanish at the end of its half-life but the loss of mass from the heap remains undetectable to us.

A dozen one-kilogram prototypes or standard one-kilogram weights are losing weight constantly; the loss of weight is negligible but it is unexplainable with the current theory. I have explained the reason for the loss of weight and in the context of this discussion, it is this irrecoverable loss of mass that makes all the processes irreversible. Since, this loss of mass is almost negligible therefore we feel that we have all the embodiments that we had started with and therefore can reverse the processes but this is not possible. Universe is changing constantly but the change is very slow. One gram is equivalent to the mass of 597863320200000000000000 protons and a proton is expected to last for 1037 years i.e. for 10000000000000000000000000000000000000 years. Obviously, any change in the mass must remain undetectable for several years. We live in the Galilean illusion and believe in physical constants when there is nothing in the perceptible universe that does not change with the time and space. If proton is losing mass then all physical entities in the perceptible universe must also experience loss of mass. However, we get another perspective when we view first law of thermodynamics along side the law of conservation of mass-energy. We realize that matter cannot be created or destroyed, matter can only change form. Therefore, what is, always was, and always will be. Physics believes that particles, the matter can be ‘annihilated’; it just vanishes and yet physics believes that first law of thermodynamics is valid. No sir, matter can never be annihilated from the universe; it can only disappear from the perceptible universe and merge with the imperceptible universe. What philosophy considers as development is only change of form in science. Change of form is a process that goes on continuously in the universe. Creation and annihilation, birth and death, or development and deterioration are not scientific terms. Nothing develops or deteriorates in nature; everything changes form and change of form is a continuous process. There is permanency in the impermanency. We consider impermanency to be real and miss the underlying permanency of reality. What is, always was, and always will be! Birth and death can only be considered to be the moment of beginning and end of a form. Change of form means that the essential features of a physical entity cannot be destroyed but are sustained. Science only identifies and recognizes physical and chemical properties of an entity but these properties change with the form. What is it that does not change with the change in the form? If change of form is considered to be death then we die every moment and are reborn every moment. The idea of death emerges only because we cannot see the underlying continuity of structure. It is obvious that apparent loss of mass and energy is only an illusion as mass and energy seem to acquire some form that remains undetectable through our present set of equipments. The loss of mass and energy is experienced in every process and

therefore it is a continuous process. This gives us the concept of time. This concept of time is directly related to the time we measure through atomic clocks. However, I am not discussing it here due to the complexities of the issues involved. We have not lost all the mass in matter-antimatter interaction; loss of mass is a continuous, ongoing process. This gives us two different universes – perceptible and imperceptible. Perceptible universe has emerged from the imperceptible universe and is slowly merging with perceptible universe. The matter and energy in the perceptible universe have observable properties and therefore are perceptible but in the imperceptible universe, matter and energy exist in the form that does not have observable properties and hence remains imperceptible. This creates the illusion of annihilation of particles. We can scientifically justify the use of the word ‘death’ but we cannot justify the use of the word ‘annihilation’. Perceptible universe and imperceptible universe are not two different entities. Every physical entity has part of it that remains imperceptible to us. At macro level, we get a glimpse of the imperceptible universe in the form of great voids that are apparently completely devoid of matter but in reality these are not empty. Matter and energy in these areas remain imperceptible. In Indian philosophy perceptible or knowable universe is referred to as Sagun Brahma (self with observable properties) and imperceptible universe is referred to as Nirgun Brahma (self devoid of any observable properties). How do we resolve this conflict that arises from two different perspectives? Om purnam adah, purnam idam, purnat purnam udacyate Purnasya purnam adaya purnam evavasisyate. Om. That is full; this is full. This fullness has been projected from that fullness. When this fullness merges in that fullness, Fullness is all that remains. Om shantih shantih. Isa Upnishad – Inv. Such brevity, such beauty, and such self-evidence to describe the entire cyclical nature of universe that one almost missed the subtlety of the logic. This invocation is the last word on all conservation laws; whatever is, always was, and always will be and yet whatever is, will never be. We cannot change anything fundamental in the nature whereas change of form is a continuous process. The Sagun Brahma or knowable universe is the projection of the Nirgun Brahma and it merges back into the Nirgun Brahma. Can this theory be explained through one equation? Aha, the one dream equation, one equation that explains everything. Not a theory of everything, a equation of everything that explains reality.

Unfortunately, the only valid equation of the mathematics can cause collapse of entire mathematical edifice. Zero is not a simple numeral; it is a concept. It refers to the Nirgun Brhama, it is the shunya (zero); shunya is not nothingness but is like Chinese word ‘Wu’ that means ‘no answer’. Wu is an answer and yet it is no answer. When I say ‘Wu’ I do not refuse to answer but I do not give any answer. Shunya is not nothingness, it is not absolute emptiness, it is not valueless entity. Shunya is all-encompassing, all pervading entity and is the most powerful digit in the mathematical world. Equation x*0 =0 is the only valid equation of mathematics and if this is valid equation then it must cause complete collapse of the mathematics of the perceptible universe. It effectively means that every digit is equal to every other digit or in other words, all digits are same and the apparent difference in the digits is only an illusion. When a digit merges with the zero then it loses its individual identity, is lost irrecoverably and becomes shunya. When nature is behind us in any of our endeavor then things starts falling in place almost magically and our power is enhanced several times. This is what shunya does when it gets behind another digit. x/0=? Infinity does not imply something very big or very small; everything in the perceptible universe is finite and hence infinite can only mean ‘impossible or impractical proposition’. Infinity indicates impossibility and hence x/0 = ∞. Will the mass of an entity become infinite when it reaches the speed of light? No, it is an impossible situation. Once we know the mass of the universe then we have to rule out the possibility of mass becoming zero. Lorentz transformation only indicates that no entity can reach the speed of the light because it will require infinite mass and energy and since infinite mass and energy are not available in the universe therefore any entity achieving the speed of light is an impossible situation. This is the logic of the only valid equation of mathematics and it is not surprising that this equation invalidates the mathematics of the perceptible and illusory universe. Mathematics of illusory universe believes in the existence of straight lines but straight line is an illusion. Straight line does not exist in nature. Let us return to our discussion on the change of form. We must know why change of form shall not be considered emergence of a new entity. Unless we can find something that always remains part of an entity even when it undergoes change of form, we cannot say that creation and destruction are not scientific terms because without any continuity, the form will be a new product and hence the moment new form emerges has to be considered moment of creation or moment of birth of a new physical entity.

We get our answer from an important finding of the science – information is conserved. The information or the process that a physical entity undergoes is always conserved and is an important part of the physical entity. We can account for less than 2% mass of the proton but we know the exact mass of a proton. The 98% of the mass of the proton is the conserved information. This mass does not exist in the form of quark. We can only know it exists but cannot know in what form this mass exists. We also wrongly assume that almost 99% of the volume of an atom is empty. We cannot say that absolute emptiness does not exist in the nature and at the same time state that more than 99% of the volume of an atom is empty. Most of the mass of an atom remains imperceptible to us. In a sense, every atom has dark energy and dark matter content. The information is conserved and it can only be conserved if the mass that is released in the form of information does not interact with any other form of matter or does not get converted into any other form of matter and hence becomes unusable and unrecoverable from the perceptible universe. Perceptible universe is slowly and gradually merging or is converting into imperceptible universe. This is the process that is taking the universe to its logical end and this is the process that gives us the concept of time. Time is a process and is not a dimension. I am not discussing the technical details of the process here because it is too complicated for a non-physicist. The Uncertainty, the tendencies, and the Certainty Quantum mechanics believes that in the perceptible universe we can only have probabilities and hence cannot make definite statements about anything. “…….Yes! physics has given up. We do not know how to predict what would happen in a given circumstance, and we believe now that it is impossible - that the only thing that can be predicted is the probability of different events. It must be recognized that this is a retrenchment in our earlier ideal of understanding nature. It may be a backward step, but no one has seen a way to avoid it... So at the present time we must limit ourselves to computing probabilities. We say "at the present time," but we suspect very strongly that it is something that will be with us forever - that it is impossible to beat that puzzle - that this is the way nature really is”. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, and Matthew Sands If this is true then there cannot be any scientific basis for the existence of science. Probabilities have no logic and make absolutely no sense. How do we calculate the probability of snowfall in Sahara desert? We can say that the probability is zero but I can assure you that we can trust nature to prove us wrong. All we can say is that if such and such conditions exist then there cannot be any snowfall and we can make this statement not only for Sahara desert but for any location. In this

case, there is no probability because there is absolute certainty. Potentiality for everything exists at all places but things do not happen arbitrarily in nature. We toss up a coin in the air a hundred times and 99 times we get tails so we can say that probability of getting tails is 99%. At the same time, we know that every time we toss up the coin we have 50% chance of getting tails. Now, which probability do you consider for calling heads or tails? We can only predict the probability of finding an electron at a specific location because apparently electron behaves arbitrarily. As soon as we say that an electron behaves in an arbitrary manner, we give up all possibilities of scientifically calculating probability of finding an electron at a particular place at a specific time. Remember, electron may never show up at that place. A doctor was once asked the probabilities of the success of his planned bypass surgery. Doctor’s reply is quite enlightening for quantum mechanics. Doctor said that probability for us is our success ratio i.e. if I have conducted 20 operations and 19 have been successful then probability of the success of the next operation will be 95% but these statistics have no relevance for the patient who has to undergo the operation because he either survives or does not survive. Fortunately, we do not have to put our life at stake based on the behavior of an electron and therefore we can take solace in calculating probabilities. Probability is an unscientific term; it is an illogical term. At the same time, we cannot neglect the fact that electron behaves in an arbitrary manner. The problem is that even an atom behaves in an arbitrary manner. If we put in an oxygen atom in a place where it has equal chances of combining or forming a bond with a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a for that matter atom of any other element with which oxygen atoms interacts then scientifically we can never predict the behavior of the atom and determine the element with which it will form a bond. We cannot even be sure that oxygen atom may even form a bond with the atom of any other element. At macro level, there apparently is no arbitrariness in the behavior of the physical entities. We can predict the place at which earth or the sun or any other start would be at any given time in the future. Why there is no uncertainty in the behavior of the large scale structures? Here, I would like to take you back to the discussion on information wherein we had noted that information is conserved in a system. This conserved information determines the behavior of a physical entity. Since conserved information of every physical entity is different therefore we cannot have one set of rules through which we can predict the behavior of all physical entities even if these entities fall in one category like electrons or human beings.

As a consequence of the conserved information, a physical entity develops some tendencies and these tendencies allow us to predict probabilities. The faster the change in the conditions in which a physical entity operates or the faster the rate of change of form of a physical entity, greater will be the variations in its tendencies and hence at micro level the uncertainty is more but at macro level the uncertainties are less. Moreover, every physical entity is only a combination of atoms. Chemistry can never confirm it but we can state with the evidence of the above analysis that atoms tend to form bond only with the atoms of similar tendencies even if the atoms may be of different element. Thus, bigger the structure, greater is the stability in its behavior. We know that mentality of the crowd develops different dimensions than the mentality of the individuals forming the crowd. One or two individuals in the crowd may not agree with the behavior of the majority but still have to go with the general consensus. Thus, at macro level, there is lesser uncertainty in the behavior. There is hardly any change in the conditions in which sun operates and sun undergoes change of form very slowly and hence there is almost negligible uncertainty in its behavior. Now comes the crucial part that allows the existence of science in spite of the arbitrariness in the behavior of the physical entities. There may be arbitrariness in the behavior of a physical entity but we can be rest assured that there are no uncertainties with regard to the consequences of the behavior of a physical entity. There is always one result of a specific behavior of a physical entity. An organization can only make a set of rules for its employees to follow but cannot assure that all employees will follow the rules therefore there are specific actions that organization takes in case a rule is violated by its employees. The uncertainty can only be in the behavior of the employees but not in the actions of the organization. Unfortunately, most of you may feel that this analogy is not correct because we find arbitrariness even in the actions of the organization. One may find organizations that reward the employees who violate the rules and punish the employees who follow the rules but in nature, there is no uncertainty with regard to the consequences of a specific behavior of its constituents. This feature of the nature, the certainty in the behavior of the nature allows us to have definite cause-effect relationships and therefore we have scientific basis of science itself. We have seen one part of the nature that cannot be explained scientifically; we have already noted that reality of even single physical entity cannot be known scientifically. Now, let us look at another aspect of the nature that science does not

recognize but that is very important for everyone in general and scientists in particular. The Free Will and the Maya – The Bigger Scheme of Things Maya is a huge concept in Indian philosophy. One of the first things that an Indian child learns is the phrase, ‘This universe is a maya.’ Of course, no one explains why this universe is only an illusion. There are actually two concepts of maya in Indian philosophy. The first concept is used to refer to illusory nature of the universe and second concept is used to refer to ‘bigger scheme of things’ that endows maya with the power to create, sustain and destroy. It is the force that governs the universe. In scientific terminology, maya means laws of nature. We have already seen why perceptible universe is only an illusion. Let us now look at the second concept of maya. Spinoza suggests that will is an abstract phenomenon. Spinoza even suggests that human actions can be as objectively analyzed as geometrical structures can be. I like Spinoza’s philosophy but not all of it. Spinoza’s suggestion, “Nothing can happen to the body which is not perceived by the mind and consciously and unconsciously felt.” (Story of Philosophy – Will Durant) is, in my opinion, one of the most profound philosophical statement made by a western philosopher. It reflects truth because it is scientifically valid too. We will come back to this statement later. Kant suggests that we can control our behavior and shall strive to make ourselves worthy of happiness. Kant obviously believes we have free will. Schopenhauer presents the middle path and comes out with the extraordinary suggestion that we tend to believe that we have free will but in the end we realize that everything is part of a bigger picture and bigger picture controls individual constituents. Schopenhauer suggests that one is condemned to continue to play the part one has undertaken till the very end. Bergson’s idea of free will is entirely different; Bergson suggests that will is not about controlling one’s behavior but is about being aware of what one is doing. The ‘bigger picture’ here is what is controlled by maya. In the light of the analysis of free-will by these great philosophers, it becomes extremely important for us to find out whether we can control our destiny. It is quite apparent from the discussions in the previous chapter that the behavior of a physical entity determines its eventual fate.

We know that every entity needs a medium to manifest its properties and we also know that every physical entity can manifest only a specific range of properties but it has potential to manifest everything that exists in the universe. Maya is the process that ensures that the physical entity finds the medium that can manifest its properties. Does medium has a choice in determining the properties it can manifest? We do not know whether an atom can consciously determine its behavior or in other words, whether an atom has a mind but we are definitely endowed with the powers of determining our response to a particular stimulus. One of the biggest boons or probably the biggest boon that God has granted us is that we can control the inflow and outflow of the energy out of our system. Unfortunately, we turn this greatest boon into the greatest curse more because of wrong understanding of the laws of the nature but no less because of our own tendencies. Fortunately, we can change our tendencies. It is not easy because these tendencies have been acquired by us over a period of billions of years but we can still change our tendencies and we will soon find out how we can change our tendencies. Our analysis shows that Kant’s views about the free-will are closer to the reality of free-will. At times, we do notice sudden change in the course of life of an individual or someone unexpectedly doing something major. There are numerous things that happen to us that make us ask, ‘Why me?’ or exclaim, ‘Have I really done it?’ This is because nature is aware of what we are not aware of – our inherited tendencies. The tendencies that are already present in us when we are born. All it needs for these tendencies to surface is a trigger event. One only has to look at the life of Adi Shankaracharya or Swami at the life of Swami Vivekananda, the knowledge they acquired and the literature they have written, to realize that it is not possible to do all these things in just one life. It all had to be already present when they were born and all they needed was to read the scriptures once to remember everything. They had come with a specific purpose and having fulfilled their objective at less than 35 years of age, they changed form once again. Nature had selected them to perform specific functions. These are special people; the destiny of these great persons is controlled by the God himself. Not all of us are so fortunate to have God write the script of our life. We mere mortals are condemned to determine our own destiny. However, God does not have any friends and one can be sure that these persons had relentlessly pursued the path of real knowledge, the truth in their previous forms to become the choicest of the sons of Gods. It is entirely within our powers to determine what qualities, what properties we want to be projected through us. Maya ensures that only those qualities are manifested through us that we want to be manifested through us.

Nature does not entertain the idea of birth and death and does not consider the actions of an individual only in one life but it looks at the bigger picture, at all our actions from the time we emerged as a system. Our actions in this form and all previous forms determine the form that we will appear in, in the next birth. Maya ensures that there is no mismatch between our actions and the results we get. Mr. ‘X’ assumes the charge of the Manager in a company. The position of manager is an abstract phenomenon. A position in an organization is the responsibilities associated with the position. The individual holding the position is given some powers to fulfill these responsibilities. Mr. X can never perform his duties properly nor can he realize his full potential, until he identifies himself with the position of manager. However, if Mr. X believes that it is Mr. X who holds the position i.e. if he identifies himself with physical-ness of his being or his body then his vision is bound to get tainted and at times, he is bound to use his powers keeping his interest in his mind rather than the interest of his company. As long as we identify ourselves with the body, the soul gets tainted. Unfortunately or fortunately, universe operates based on some fundamental laws and laws take away discretionary powers. Law like nature has to be ‘Jad’ to be absolutely impartial and therefore the symbolic assumed blindness of the law. Mr. X in our example may make a mistake in selecting the right person but nature does not make any mistake in selecting the right person and then puts everything behind the person. This is what we refer to as ‘bigger schemes of things’. Nature ensures that every physical entity finds a suitable medium to manifest itself. Maya does not step in till we take the decision but as soon as we take the decision about the path we want to follow, maya or the laws of nature ensure that our decision is reacted to appropriately. Nature does not respond; it reacts. As I have mentioned, as soon as we have a law then the discretionary powers are gone. A law is not a guideline and it specifies that a particular action generates only a specific reaction. Therefore, law is supposed to be blind and nature is supposed to be ‘Jad’. It does not have a mind. Like law, nature does not have any friends or enemies. Hindus worship stone idols and there is scientific logic behind representing God through stone idols. Nature is supposed to be ‘Jad’; it reacts and does not respond. Uncertainty principle notwithstanding, nature does not allow violation of the laws of nature even for a single moment. Nature does not even see the intentions of the seeker, if you follow the laws of nature then what you seek is bound to come to you. Maya or laws of nature ensure that what is being sought meets the seeker. As per Indian mythology, Lord Shiv is supposed to be very kind and grants the boon to everyone who worships him in the prescribed manner without even determining the intentions of the seeker.

In Freedom at Midnight, the author wonders how the news of Gandhi observing fast used to reach every nook and corner of India even though there were no means of publicity in those days. America, with all the modern equipments and with the power of keeping an eye on every inch of space on earth, cannot find Bin Laden but Bin Laden, from the confines of his hideout, can find thousands of young people who are willing to give their life for him. A person who knows how to use laws of nature is bound to have such a huge influence on the fate of humanity. Just think about the good that Bin Laden can do to this world if he were to use this knowledge creatively. These are not ordinary people. Maya is a subordinate of the purusa or the self present in all of us. Let us now find out who this ‘self’ is who we are.

Section III
Who am I?
A Yogi was once asked, ‘who are you?’ The reply was as short as it was enlightening. Yogi replied, ‘I am still trying to find out who am I?’ Adi Shankaracharya was asked the same question by a sage when Adi Shankaracharya was wandering in Himalyas at the age of the eight. Reply of Adi Shankaracharya not only very significant for science as well as philosophy, it also is one of the best pieces of literature.
I am not mind, nor intellect, nor ego, nor the reflection of chitta (inner self). I am not the five senses, I am beyond that. I am not the ether, nor the earth, nor the fire, nor the wind I am indeed, That eternal knowing and bliss, Shiv, love and pure consciousness. Neither can I be termed as energy (prana), nor five types of breath (vayus), nor the seven material essences, nor the five coverings (pancha-kosha). Neither am I the five instruments of elimination, procreation, motion, grasping, or speaking. I am indeed, That eternal knowing and bliss, Shiv, love and pure consciousness.

I have no hatred or dislike, nor affiliation or liking, nor greed, nor delusion, nor pride or haughtiness, nor feelings of envy or jealousy. I have no duty (dharma), nor any money, nor any desire (kama), nor even liberation (moksha). I am indeed, That eternal knowing and bliss, Shiv, love and pure consciousness. I have neither virtue, nor vice. I do not commit sins or good deeds, nor have happiness or sorrow, pain or pleasure. I do not need mantras, holy places, scriptures, rituals or sacrifices. I am none of the triad of the observer or one who experiences, the process of observing or experiencing, or any object being observed or experienced. I am indeed, That eternal knowing and bliss, Shiv, love and pure consciousness. I am all pervasive. I am without any attributes, and without any form. I have neither attachment to the world, nor to liberation. I have no wishes for anything because I am everything, everywhere, every time, always in equilibrium. I am indeed, That eternal knowing and bliss, Shiv, love and pure consciousness.

This was the reply given by Adi Shankaracharya when he was just 8 years old. The profoundness of the reply wasn’t enough to impress the sage who asked the boy to

become his disciple. Thirty years later, the same boy the same boy dies saying, ‘Neti, neti (not this, not this)’. We need to find out the scientific basis of this reply because then only we will be able to appreciate its profoundness. Those of us who believe that life of human being is too short must see the life of an Adi Shankaracharya or a Vivekananda to realize how much we can do in just about thirty years. Now let us look at a scientist’s views on the subject. Einstein also dwelt on the issue of such enormous philosophical implication and makes a very significant philosophical statement against philosophy. "The fact that man produces a concept "I" besides the totality of this mental and emotional experiences or perceptions does not prove that there must be any specific existence [reality] behind such a concept.” “We are succumbing to illusions produced by our self-created language, without reaching a better understanding of anything. Most of so-called philosophy is due to this kind of fallacy.” In other words, Einstein suggests that we are the conserved information. Indian philosophy gives us an amazing answer, ‘Tat twam asi (You are that)’ meaning You are the self, the Brahma, or the God. What is the basis of this statement? When Adi Shankaracharya pronounced, ‘Aham Brahmasmi’ or “I am the God’ to make each one of us realize who we are then it attracted tremendous criticism not only from the clerics but also from scholars. Why Adi Shankaracharya was criticized for stating what all Indian scriptures have been preaching? All philosophies of the world consider God to be superior to human beings; therefore, the fierceness of the response can be anticipated when someone announces, ‘I am God’. Not surprisingly, the response was not very pleasant when Adi Adi Shankaracharya used the Upnishadic mantra, ‘Aham Brahmasmi (I am God)’ to suggest that each one of is God. In India, pursuit of knowledge was never punished even if it meant someone was moving away from known philosophical lines. Any new idea was duly debated amongst scholars. As such, Adi Shankaracharya was not the first person to make this pronouncement; all scriptures of Indian philosophy aim to make us realize that we can attain what can be termed as Buddha nature. All scriptures of Indian philosophy aim to make us realize that nothing separates us from the reality, the self, the Brahma. Sanskrit is probably the richest language of the

world and yet it does not have a synonym for the word, ‘exclusion’. Is it possible that such a common world does not exist in such a rich language by chance? No, there is no synonym for the word, ‘exclusion’ in Sanskrit language because Indian philosophers knew that it is not possible to exclude anything from us. We are merely parts of the bigger entity and not a separate entity in ourselves and each part is connected to every other part to make up the whole. Do the parts of our body have different identity than the body itself? Can we conceive the structure of the body without conceiving individual parts? Exclusion is an unscientific term. It is purely an imaginary word and describes something that is not possible in nature. Aham Brahmasmi is a mantra of Vedantic literature and all sects of Hinduism accept evidence by Vedas i.e. if something is mentioned in Vedas then it is accepted as truth without any further evidence. Therefore, the objection could not have been because Adi Shankaracharya claimed that he had realized Buddha nature as few would have doubted his intellectual and spiritual accomplishments and the fact that he had attained the Buddha nature. Probably, objection was more because Adi Shankaracharya suggested that each one of can say proudly, ‘Aham Brahmasmi’. I guess, the debate was to ensure that no one casually declares ‘I am Buddha’ without attaining Buddha nature. However, the social conditions were such that Adi Shankaracharya had to use this Vedic mantra and Adi Shankaracharya was successful in achieving what he set out to. The answer to the question, ‘who am I?’ is not obvious because we are not just our body but without body we have no identity. What are the constituents of ‘I’ and what is the relationship with the ‘self’? There are at least three components of ‘I’ – the body, the soul, the mind. Medical science does not recognize the existence of soul but it does recognize the existence of ‘consciousness’ without really analyzing what consciousness is. Since, we will not discuss any abstract phenomenon esp. if its existence cannot be proved through scientific analysis therefore we will not discuss the soul but we will try and analyze what ‘consciousness’ is. Medical science does not dispute existence of an entity called mind but does not explain its structure or the character. Let us examine each of the three components of ‘I’. The Physical Reality of the ‘I’ Our body is the only physical entity in this universe that we can claim to be exclusively ours. No one can lay a claim on our body. We will examine whether the physical content in the body; the fundamental constituents of all physical entities belong exclusively to our body and hence to us.

Which entity imparts ‘physical-ness’ to our body? In physics, structural aspects of the physical entities are addressed by a theory called, ‘Standard Model of Particle Physics’. Standard model of particle physics assumes that basic physical entities or the fundamental particles of the universe are massless entities. Obviously, it has to answer the question, ‘from where do particles acquire mass?’ Standard model suggests that the mass or the form is acquired by the physical entities or fundamental particles when they interact with a theoretical particle called, ‘Higgs Boson’. Higgs boson is yet to be detected in an experiment. One of the objectives of the Large Hadron Collider experiment hat CERN is to detect the Higgs boson. As of now, Higgs boson is only a hypothetical entity. Every physical entity is supposed to be a mere combination of atoms but physical structures created from different combinations of atoms account for just about 4% of the matter in the universe. We do not know anything about 96% of the matter in the universe. Standard model is silent on constitution of 96% of the matter in the universe. It is assumed that this matter was lost in the matter-antimatter collision but fails to answer several question that emerge from this hypotheses. Standard model and indeed the Higgs mechanism does not explain even the 4% of the mass of the baryonic matter in the universe. Standard model can account for less than 2% of the mass of an atom. It is difficult to understand how detection of Higgs boson resolves the mass-riddle and validates the standard model. I will not discuss the experiment in detail but if readers want to know more about the experiment and the issues involved then they may download my article, ‘Dangers and Futility of LHC Experiment at CERN’. Moreover, standard model assumes that 99% of the volume of the atom is empty and still believes that absolute emptiness does not exist in the universe. Einstein has proved beyond any reasonable doubt that energy has mass and it has volume. Obviously, any particle that does not have mass cannot have volume and energy. In the absence of mass, volume, and energy, a particle only remains an abstract phenomenon, a non-entity, something that can be of no interest to physics. The idea of ‘massless’ particles is against the basic tenets of physics. Mass is not form but form is the result of the mass; in the absence of the mass, a physical entity cannot have physical form and cannot have any analyzable, even detectable properties. Therefore, existence of massless particles can never be proved scientifically. Physics must accept that mass, volume, and energy have to be fundamental properties of all physical entities including of the fundamental particles of the universe. I have discussed the scientific logic behind this statement briefly but if you want, you may find the scientific basis of this statement in my book, ‘Nature of Reality’. It is obvious that standard model of particle physics is not the model that can explain structural aspects of the universe.

Not surprisingly, the most significant comment about the structural aspect of the universe comes from Einstein. Einstein observes, “Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept 'empty space' loses its meaning. The field thus becomes an irreducible element of physical description, irreducible in the same sense as the concept of matter (particles) in the theory of Newton.” “According to general relativity, the concept of space detached from any physical content (matter, objects) does not exist.” “Since the theory of general relativity implies the representation of physical reality by a continuous field, the concept of particles or material points cannot play a fundamental part, nor can the concept of motion. The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which the field strength or the energy density are particularly high.” Let us go back to our imaginary dough of clay model. This dough takes different forms at different places and Einstein suggests that dough can take different forms only if different forms appear due to variations in the density of the dough. Einstein suggests that space and matter are not two different entities but matter can appear only as the regions in space in which the field strength or energy density are particularly high. This is plain, simple logic. Matter does not distort space; matter is distorted space. If we go by the logic of quantum field theories that suggest that matter is ripples in the field then also we arrive at the same conclusion because ripples do not have independent identity of their own but are manifested form of field. Matter appears where supersymmetry of the field is violated or in other words, in pockets where space is distorted. Noble committee has given this year’s Noble prize for Physics to a theory that supposedly explains how supersymmetry is violated. I think, it is too big a question to be answered through scientific analysis. At least, as of now, we do not have all the inputs required to explain the cause of violation of supersymmetry. The press release of the Noble committee on the theory to which Noble prize has been awarded confirm these observations as the release itself admits that several questions that must be answered before we can address the question of violation of supersymmetry remain unanswered. None of the major philosophies have explained the process that results in the violation of supersymmetry. Indian philosophy simply suggests that Brahma desired that I must take various forms, ‘Ekoham bahusyam’. I could not think of any trigger event accept that there are two critical points – one is reached when universe achieves supersymmetry and at this point implosion starts but then implosion is also more of an illusion because if energy has mass and volume and if total energy of the universe remains constant at all the times then total mass and total volume of the universe also must remain constant at all the times. The second point is when universe is in the state

of maximum distortion. These are the two points from where universe starts to assume perceptibility. However, how individual forms as recognized by different objects are formed is something that remains a mystery in spite of the noble prize. Einstein found some theoretical problems in his idea of the continuous field but not because his basic concept was wrong. The problem encountered by the Einstein emerged because Einstein did not consider the possibility that this field, the continuous structure of general relativity, consisted of two fundamental physical entities and hence could not explain the mechanism of the illusory motion and the forces. I have discussed the issue in detail in my theory. Basic logic behind the suggestion of two fundamental constituents is that if absolute emptiness does not exist in the universe then density variation can exist only if there are two particles with varying mass and volume. The fundamental particles must pervade the universe if universe has to function as one unit. CMBR provides ample evidence to the fact that universe functions as one unit. CMBR is the radiation generated at all points of the universe and manifests itself in the form of disturbance you see on your TV screen when it receives no signals from any of the channels. Think of the universe as your body, the individual parts are recognizable due to variations in the density. Parts of the body do not exist independently of the body and body is nothing more than the combination of different parts. Body manifests itself through the parts and so does universe. There have to be two fundamental particles in the universe. There is an obvious complementarity in the universe but my idea of complementarity is closer to Einstein’s idea than to the Bohr’s idea. Einstein observes, “Every element of the physical reality must have a counterpart in the physical theory.” This complementarity in even the fundamental particles is exactly what Einstein missed while conceiving the idea of unified field and he obviously did not conclude that the counterpart entity of a physical reality must have complementary properties and therefore every force must have a complementary force. Obviously, objects will be placed where the balance between the forces is reached. Physics, like nature, is quite simple because nature does not hide anything from us. Everything in the universe must consist of these two fundamental particles. All the variations in the form exist because of the variations in the combinations of the fundamental particles of the universe. This model creates the biggest theoretical problem for us; if absolute emptiness does not exist in the universe i.e. if fundamental particles exist at all coordinates of space then where is the space left for these particles to move? How do we explain the apparent motion of all the particles?

If we fill a room with men and women to the extent that no space is left in the room then obviously no one will be able to move. Obviously, the idea of motion cannot be associated with the space and yet there is apparent motion in the universe. In fact, everything is constantly moving in the perceptible universe. This may appear to be a mystical situation but it is not as we already find that nothing physical moves forward in the waves and yet not only waves but information moves forward. The forward movement of wave is an illusion and so is all the motion. A firecracker bursts 100 meters away from you. The sound travels to you but it still does not travel to you. You hear the sound at the place where firecracker bursts. If sound were to travel in all directions then it can never be heard at the place where it was produced. The sound does not appear to travel to us even though atmosphere is present to produce the sound. Compare it with the sound of a vehicle coming towards you; we can feel the sound coming towards us. Similarly, the sound of a vehicle going away from us tells us that something is moving away from us even though sound is supposed to be coming to us. We hear the sound wherever it is and therefore we can have the perception of distance with the sound. Sound we hear is only a projection of our mind. When you move from your present position to some other position then nothing moves physically with you. It is like apparent motion of objects on a TV screen, nothing moves physically in the TV screen and yet we have the illusion of the motion. How is it possible? I will not go into the detailed explanation of the physics of motion because scientific explanation is quite complicated but I will just state that motion is an illusion. Medical science tells us that our brain understands only one language - the language of impulses. All sensory organs convert the signals they get into impulses and these impulses are forwarded to the brain. Brain projects these impulses as images, sound, taste, pressure, or smell. The impulses it receives from the body are projected to us as feelings and emotions. We can make the brain project these perceptions by giving electric shocks; brain itself creates these perceptions in dreams and believes these perceptions to be true. A hell of lot of money is being spend on creating virtual reality; the simplest formula for creating virtual reality is to find out the nature of impulses created by a physical entity and find a way to generate similar impulses. We can project the same entity at more than one place. Brain is such a mechanical unit that it is very easy to deceive it; brain even manages to deceive itself in dreams. We have already seen that the perceptible universe is only a projection of our brain. There is another way of looking at this issue. Nothing in the universe is endowed with the properties of self-manifestation. Matter and energy remain unmanifested in the

absence of each other. Even visible light is not endowed with the property of selfmanifestation. Every physical entity in the universe needs a medium or in other words, another physical entity through which it can manifest itself. Our observational limitations ensure that we cannot perceive anything in isolation. Our current theories on light, sound, etc. suggest that we can perceive objects in isolation but I have experimentally proved in my theory that our view of an object is affected by other objects in our field of view. How sun appears depends to us depends not only on the properties of the sun but also on the smallest atom in our field of view that is not even visible to us. Nature has not given us the power to perceive anything in isolation but unfortunately we always look at the objects in isolation. There is nothing physical in this universe that belongs exclusively to us. The very fundamental particles of the universe that are projecting you at this moment may project me a little while later. We, like all other entities in the universe, are only projection. One of the most important properties of the two fundamental particles is that these two particles are convertible into each other and yet each particle is conserved independently. This means that every conversion of a particle is followed by a complementary conversion. Newton’s third law of dynamics is invalidated and in any case, it is not supposed to explain this fundamental property of the two particles but it finds its true expression in this inherent feature of nature. Thus, we have Ardhanarishwar Swarupa of Lord Shiv; this Swarupa represent all possible states of the universe; from black hole that are the area of maximum distortion of space to the supersymmetrical space or the undistorted space. The two fundamental particles represent the nar and nari part of the ardhnarishwar swarupa. The percussion instrument represents sound or oscillations that is the fundamental feature of space. The snakes represent the waves or the impulses that causes brain to project all forms; the moon represents tangible space that can be expanded or contracted at will; the river Ganges represents flow of energy from the system…one can go on and on to describe every symbol but let us return to our discussion. Why we cannot consider new form to be a new entity? We have already seen that there is nothing physical that belongs exclusively to any physical entity then logically every form must be considered a new form. If we can prove that there is no continuity in the form, that there is nothing common between the old form and the new form then we can surly say that birth and death are real and not illusory. The answer to these questions rests in probably the most interesting feature of the physical entities. The Consciousness, the Soul, and the Conserved Information Medical science does not analyze consciousness but generally it is referred to as the ability to respond to external stimuli. However, there is a problem with this idea of consciousness. A person can be live and be unconscious as the body continues to operate as one unit.

An unconscious person may not respond to external stimuli but it still functions as one unit and manages all the internal affairs quite efficiently. Thus, life has to be a lot more than the body and its conscious state (as per medical science). In a nutshell, even in the ‘unconscious’ state, human body functions as a system. Let us see what a system is, “A system is a space-time structure that functions as one unit and has an internal communication network in place.” An object is a combination of several systems that may or may not function as one unit. An object may also function as a system in itself provided there is an internal communication mechanism between its sub-systems. Human body is a combination of several systems that functions as one unit. A car is also a combination of several systems but without an internal communication mechanism in place and hence a car is an object. It is quite obvious that human body functions as one unit even during the unconscious state. Therefore, consciousness of medical science cannot be equated with the ‘life’. Medical science declares a person dead when the heart and the brain both stop functioning. This is fine but what is it that makes brain and heart function and what is it that keeps the temperature of the body stable. A dead person can never be warm; in fact, a dead person’s body is not even at the thermal equilibrium with the surrounding objects. This is surprising; it appears as if the heat has been sucked out of the body. The sudden drop in the temperature as soon as the person is dead is also a very surprising feature. This is possible only and only if life is taken out of the entire body and when body stops generating heat instantly and simultaneously. Obviously, consciousness as understood by medical science cannot be considered the entity that imparts life to the body. Let us look at this issue from a different perspective. Is meeting of egg by a sperm is all that is required for a child to be conceived? Is it a mechanical process? Medical science tells us that fertilization of eggs is an unexplained phenomenon and fertilization is not guaranteed even when a sperm is artificially inserted through a syringe in the egg in a procedure popularly known as ‘ICSI’. This process takes place outside the uterus of the mother in controlled conditions in a laboratory. Now, in some cases, egg is fertilized and in some other cases, it is not. Apparently, mother’s body has no role in the process of fertilization or in the process of imparting ‘life’. It is also quite obvious that life is not the inherent feature of either the sperm or the egg.

Medical science also tells us that the growth of fetus stops when it does not have life. Obviously, multiplication of cells does not take place unless the cells have life. Something must happen during this whole process to ensure fertilization of eggs. What is it? What is it that imparts life to the cells and causes fertilization resulting in the multiplication of cells? Let us try and find out answers to these important questions. We had noted that physical entities have ‘tendencies’ that are the result of conserved information. What do we mean by the term ‘tendency’? Tendency is supposed to be instinctive urge to act in a specific manner that defies logic. I am sure that if we leave a person in a city where he does not know anyone, does not even understand the language, and is not even allowed to communicate with anyone in any manner whatsoever; still the person will find another person and then another person who has tendencies similar to his own tendencies. If information is conserved then it must remain the part of the system even when it changes form or else a major part of the information will be lost and complete information about change of form by a system cannot be conserved. Since information is not destroyed and continues to be the part of the system in the new form, it determines the tendencies of the system. Conserved information comes closest to the idea of soul or consciousness of philosophy. Conserved information thus becomes the only entity that remains with the system in all the forms and hence forms the essence of our being. In the real sense, conserved information is ‘I’ in us. First law of thermodynamics requires that information must be conserved in the physical form or else it will cause violation of the law. We have observed earlier that every entity needs an appropriate medium to manifest itself. Not all physical entities can manifest all the properties of every other physical entity. The tendencies determine the appropriate form and also determine the properties that a physical entity can manifest through it. Conserved information plays an active role in our decision making but we can always act against our natural tendencies and therefore conserved information certainly is not the decision making authority. This is what Einstein basically suggests when he says that we are nothing more than our experiences. Scientifically, every interaction, every thought generated in our mind, every movement we make, or in other words, everything that we do is an experience for us. These experiences are conserved and play a crucial role in our decision making process.

However, we are not just our experiences or the conserved information because mind is the decision making authority. Now, we have to see whether conserved information belongs exclusively to us? It is true that information is conserved in the individual systems but this conserved information is not exclusive property of an individual. Information is available to entire structure. It is like a book in the library or a file in your computer. The information is in the book or in a file but it still is part of the library or the computer. Let us confirm the scientific aspect of this observation. I have experimentally proved in my theory that information is communicated instantly and therefore CMBR gives us information about current state of affairs at all points of space. If information is not communicated instantly then we can never make any statement about anything current in the universe including about the current age of the universe. Big bang theory collapses under its own logic. Each one of us is present everywhere in the universe, it is just that our presence is manifested only at the places where there is appropriate medium to manifest us. Everything that exists in the universe exists in us too. When we say ‘I’, we are including everything that exists in this universe. If we have strong enough telescopes and have right filters then theoretically, we can see the sun or any other physical entity from any point of universe. Information is manifested and it does not travel; communication of information also does not require any physical link. We confuse information for data. Data gives information about another entity and requires a communicating medium and cannot be communicated at speed greater than speed of light in that medium, not even at the speed of light in vacuum. We cannot communicate data in water even at the speed of light in air. This is a very important correction that we need to make in the Lorentz transformation. Consciousness is the awareness of our being-ness. It, in its narrowest sense, is the closer to the concept of ‘ego’ of Freud than to his description of ‘conscious’. Conserved information or soul is closer to Freud’s idea of ‘Preconscious’ and as you would have assumed, idea of mind is reflected in libido of Freudian philosophy. CMBR conclusively proves that information does not belong exclusively to any physical entity even though it is part of a physical entity. We cannot establish our individual identity even with through the individuality of the soul. The Abstract, the Unexplainable part of our Being – the Mind Mind is the agency that takes decisions for us. Unfortunately, medical science has failed to identify anything in our mental structure that shows that mind is a physical entity. Since mind is not a physical entity therefore we cannot analyze it scientifically but its existence is indisputable.

Is mind a function of the brain or is mind controller of the brain? This entire process of perception is not as simple and as easy as physics or medical science makes us believe. Perception is a conscious process. Eyes do not see, seeing is the function of brain, ears do not hear, hearing is the function of brain, same logic applies to other sensory organs also. Within the range that they are designed to operate, our sense organs react to all the information that reaches the brain and brain decides which information it must take note of. Sense organs do not filter any information; filters are applied by the brain. Or is it? Brain is a mechanical unit; it receives all the information that sense organs pass onto it but mind determines which information to focus on. Brain reacts to only that information which mind wants it to take note of. Mind is not the function of the brain but is the controller of the brain. While taking a decision, mind not only takes into account the immediate factors, the information provided by the sense organs but also takes into account the conserved information. However, even mind is not the controlling agency of the self because we can control the mind too. In any case, mind is not suppose to impart life to a body. Life is referred to by Indian philosophy is the broader sense then beating of heart and functioning of mind. Indian philosophy puts more emphasize on the Chaitnyata then just life. Chaitnyata is the ability to respond appropriately to an internal or an external stimulus as opposed to the reactionary attitude which is referred to as ‘Jad’. When an entity reacts instead of responding to a situation then the entity is termed as ‘Jad’. The concept of chaitnyata suggests that even a stone can have chaitnyata and even a human being can be ‘Jad’. I can see the logic behind this concept. There is beautiful symbolic story to show the difference. A lady, ‘Ahilya’ turns into a stone statue, or in other words, turns Jad due to the curse of her husband and comes back to life when lord Ram touches the her stone statue. Basically, it indicates that like a stone, Ahilya had just started reacting to situations rather than responding to it. When we hit a stone then it reacts with almost an equal force without judging our intentions; we might have hit it to push it aside to save it from crushing under an incoming rock but it simply does not care about our intentions. Water also is Jad because it does good without judging our intentions.

Water absorbs most of the energy generated by our kick even though we might be kicking aimlessly just for the fun. Hinduism is the only major religion in which every major God has a weapon in the hand. There are people who understand only one language – language of a weapon. We cannot be Chaitnya without a punishment system in place. Of course, in modern society, we have law enforcing agencies and a judicial system in place and hence we must approach law enforcing agency and if required judiciary to ensure that those who have done any wrong to us are punished. We have to trust at least the judiciary or else we will have a chaotic society. At the same time, judiciary If Chaitnyata or the mind is exclusively ours then also we can proclaim individual identity therefore let us find out whether our mind is exclusively ours? If the structure is not ours then anything associated with the structure cannot be ours. Information is conserved in a system but it is not the exclusive property of the system; the conserved information about a system is available to all the entities in the universe and therefore maya is able to use this information to make the seeker meet the sought. Similarly, mind may appear to be ours but it is not exclusively ours. We may restrict its scope to include only ourselves or we may expand our vision to say ‘Aham Brahmasmi’. The decision is ours. These three entities – body, soul, and mind constitute ‘I’. However, mind cannot exist without the body and body cannot be formed without the soul therefore soul is the agency that imparts life. There cannot be life without the soul. We have already seen that our body or the structure is just a part and it has an identity only as a part and not as a whole. Our hand, legs, eyes or for that matter any other part of the body do not suffer from the illusion of having an individual identity nor do we give consider an act performed by any part of the body to be its own act. If someone slaps us and were to tell us that his hand and not he had slapped us then our anger is bound to increase but we do not want to give up our own identity when we are only a part of the bigger structure. This individual identity is only an illusion. We can identify ourselves with our body and restrict our being-ness or we can expand it to identify ourselves with everything that exists in the universe. The meaning of ‘ego’ or ‘I’ depends on us. There is a Zen story in which a disciple asks a monk, ‘Does dog has Buddha nature?’ and monk replies, ‘Wu (no answer)’. Indian philosophy does not avoid the question and says that whether a dog has Buddha nature or not depends on the dog. This is what philosophy of Kant suggests and this is what Indian philosophy suggests.

God or nature is not as kind as the religious scriptures make us believe because nature cannot afford to lose its balance. God has no friends and no enemies. The balance is between the complementary forces that do not require any mediating particle.

Section IV
The Bigger Picture
In this section, we will also examine the all-important concept of time and most other big issues like moksha or enlightenment etc. The Prince Charming – The Time One of the biggest contributions of Einstein to science is that he showed us that time does not flow at uniform pace at all locations. Unfortunately, we have not yet realized the practical implications of the concept of time dilation. Well, there are numerous factors that affect flow of time for us, some of these factors like the one mentioned above have negligible affect and make a difference of may be just a second or two in our entire life but then there are numerous other factors that make a huge difference in the rate of flow of time for us. The only definition of time in physics is the one given by Einstein, ‘Time is what is measured by clocks’. I think, time is too important a concept to be explained through something as mundane as clock. Time, along with space, is the only eternal entity. Space is the structure, time is the measure of change in the structure. Since, the structure moves in a specific direction to achieve supersymmetry therefore time moves only in the forward direction. Obviously, we cannot view the process independently of the structure in which process is taking place and hence space-time continuum. This process of achieving supersymmetry takes place at different pace at different coordinates of space and hence the idea of time dilation. The present idea of time gives rise to some illogical ideas like time is the fourth dimension. The idea of time as the fourth dimension is unexplainable, incomprehensible, and hence is illogical and has no scientific value. Similarly, the idea of an absolute interval is not scientifically tenable and emerges from the wrong understanding of the concept of time. The process of change in the structure does not leave any scope for any interval. As such, time is an abstract phenomenon but probably it is the most important phenomenon for us because of its practical implications for us. Every movement we make, every word we speak, every thought we think, everything we do make the time run faster for us. Stillness of mind, stillness of body, soundlessness can make us live eternally but these are ideal conditions and we cannot operate in these conditions. Therefore, all we can do is try to be as close to these conditions as possible.

Bit by bit knowable universe is becoming darker and narrower. The loss of mass ensures that in the end there will not be any observer and there will be nothing that can be observed and hence there will not be any relativity. This process of loss of mass gives us the concept of time. Time is not the king but it definitely is not any less important than the king and hence we can call it ‘The prince charming’. Like everything else in the perceptible universe, even time is a relative phenomenon; it does not flow at the same rate at all the coordinates of space and for all the entities. One of the analogies used to describe relativity of time to a layman is that time appears to run faster when we are sitting with someone we like and it appears to run slower when we are sitting with someone we do not like. Nothing makes more mess of the concept of time dilation than this example simply because time runs faster in both the cases. Fortunately, physics does not go by appearances. At times, time may run faster when we are sitting with someone we like than when we are sitting with someone we do not like but generally, time runs faster when we are sitting with someone we do not like. Fortunately, physics is not supposed to explain appearances but is supposed to explain reality. Therefore, it is good to be happy than to be sad but it is still better to be neither happy nor sad. That is why, Zen philosophy as well Hindu philosophy both ask us to maintain balanced state of mind. Time is such an important concept of nature and the fact that time does not flow at the same rate at all coordinates of space and in all conditions, has such enormous implications in our life that I can go on explaining factors that make the time run faster or slower for us but the article is getting too big and therefore only thing that I will state on this concept is that any activity that requires us to expend energy makes the time run faster for us. Rate of flow of time for a physical entity is slowest when the entity is in the state of perfect balance. The balanced state is the state of Buddha, the state of Nirvana. That is why, Hindu philosophy suggests that whether a dog has Buddha nature or not depends on the dog. In Hindu mythology, even a crow has achieved Buddha state. Universe is an eternal entity but perceptible universe is not an eternal entity and hence it also must come to an end and must experience a change of form. Physics is struggling to resolve the issue of critical density. As I have mentioned, there are two fundamental constituents of the universe and these two particles are convertible into each other. Instant convertibility of these particles ensure that the critical density of the universe is always maintained at 1. However, due to distortion of space in different pockets, the density varies. We must look at the issue of critical density in the same manner as we do in case of temperature. Absolute zero is the minimum achievable temperature and at this temperature universe will be in supersymmetry and hence there will not be any density variations. There will not be any observer and there will be nothing to be observed. This state will be the state of perfect balance and this is when universe will change form. This is the purest possible state of universe. No dualities, no defects, no uncertainties, and no distortions remain

in this state. Structure remains in place, fundamental laws of nature remain in place even in this state, time still exists and flows at uniform rate at all places. We witness this change of form in pockets of the great voids where new galaxies emerge. All entities are moving towards achieving supersymmetry in their structure. Since we have not noted any violation of the first law of thermodynamics therefore the question concerning the moment of creation of universe cannot be answered scientifically and therefore universe has to be an eternal entity. Universe cannot be created or destroyed, universe can only change form. Even big bang theory does not suggest that universe was created by an event termed as big bang; big bang theory only suggests that universe was confined to a singularity before the big bang. What does not have a beginning cannot have an end and therefore has to be eternal. If change of form is considered as the death or destruction of old form and birth or creation of new form then a new form is born every moment and old form is destroyed every moment. In relative world, everything is true only for one moment. Whether we identify ourselves with structure or the body, or we identify ourselves with soul, there is nothing in us that belongs exclusively to us and there is nothing in us that can be destroyed. Mind is more a functionality that human beings acquire and until medical science or physics comes out with a physical entity that can be identified as mind, we have to consider mind to be an abstract phenomenon. We are all eternal entities. I have mentioned earlier that one of the proposals of Indian philosophy that time has to be measures through number of breathes made me give up any attempt to understand nature through philosophy but now that I understand the concept of time, I find that it is the only way of measuring time for a physical entity. The discussion on this aspect involves highly technical processes and hence I am avoiding it but basically, the frequency of a wave is the frequency of oscillations and frequency of oscillation is directly related to the rate of flow of time for a system. I have explained in detail the entire process and have answered all questions related to the time in my theory including the all important questions, ‘what is the cause of oscillations?’ and ‘what is that physical entities breathe?’ We cannot have a standardized breathing cycle for a physical entity like human beings. Breathing here indicates inflow and outflow of energy and it is enlightening at least for me to note that ‘Surya Siddhanta’ mentions, mercury as the element best suited for clocks. Obviously, breathing cycle suggested is not in reference to the breathing of human beings. The lowest unit for time in India was ‘Paramanu’ or inhalation and the next unit was ‘Anu’ or one cycle of inhalation and exhalation. This is all very logical.

Moksha, Nirvana or Enlightenment Do I become an enlightened being by merely knowing and writing these stuff and do you become an enlightened being by merely reading this stuff? Indian philosophy as well as Zen philosophy explains that one does not become enlightened by merely knowing what is true or by knowing who we are; one becomes enlightened by realizing what is truth and by realizing who we are and this is possible only when we forget our individual identity. There are few paths through that we can follow to realize who we are. The first path is the path of the knowledge. The knowledge of the external world, the knowledge gained through the sensory organs makes us realize that what we know is not the real knowledge as it is only relative and is true only for a moment and that too only at a specific place. From here the real journey shall start. Problem with the knowledge is that one has to remember what one knows. We have to keep on banging our mind that we are that, the reality. The second path is to believe that some supreme power controls everything and surrender our individual identity to allow it to merge with that identity. This path is known as the Bhakti marg (path of the faith or devotion). The second path also requires us to forget our own self and merge our personality with the God. The third path is to keep on performing our duties without bothering about all these bigger questions. This path is best explained through the Zen dictum, ‘Eat when you are hungry and drink when you are thirsty’. This too isn’t the easiest path to follow because all the time we have to live only in the present. In Indian philosophy, this path is known as ‘Karma Yog’. The fourth and the final path is to give up everything that can be a source of distraction and go to a secluded place and meditate. All these four paths are meant for achieving Nirvana but we are not here to renounce this beautiful world nor are we here not to have any desires. Our mind still wanders when we pray and we still worry about the results of our effort. It is not easy to be a saint but we are not here to be a saint. All of us cannot be a saint so let us look for the ways that can make our life happy and prosperous. Moksha or Nirvana is the realization of the impermanency of the perceptible universe; realization of the fact that death only means change of form and change of form is not a one time process, it goes on continuously; Moksha is the realization that we are not subordinate to any authority; Nirvana is the realization of the fact that we exist in every part of the universe and the entire universe exists in us.

Moksha cannot be attained by everyone so we can do the next best thing – we can achieve whatever we want to achieve without distorting our space further. The more distorted our space is, closer we move to the hell. However, Indian philosophy realizes that it is practically not possible for everyone to attain the Buddha nature and that most people desire wealth, health, and happiness. Therefore, most hymns of the Vedas are meant to provide the subjects with all these benefits. I have mentioned that knowledge gained through the sensory organs is not the real knowledge. What is real knowledge? What is that knowing which, we know everything else? What is that knowing which, we know everything else? The discussion above is based on the knowledge I have acquired through sensory organs. We can know all this by asking any simple question on any observed phenomenon of nature. This is science (Vigyan). Vigyan is the knowledge acquired through sensory organs. Gyan is the knowledge acquired by knowing the self. One can be a scientist without really understanding what science is all about but one cannot be a Yogi without realizing what Yog is all about. Yog means ‘connecting with that’. By knowing ourselves we can know everything else. There is nothing in the universe that is not part of our own being. Therefore, the pronouncement, ‘Tat twam asi (You are that)’ or ‘Aham Brahmasmi (I am God)’. We cannot know everything through sense organs because sense organs provide us only relative information or half-truth. There is nothing that exists outside us and there is no place where we do not exist and hence the only way of knowing everything is to know oneself. Medical science does not recognize brain as a sensory organ even though brain receives information from within our body. The feeling of pain, hunger etc. is the information received by brain from the body. Brain is not just an internal sense organ. It also receives information from outside word directly. The sixth sense is not any mystical power, we all have this power and we all make use of this power more regularly than we realize. If we stop using a sense organ or do not use a sense organ frequently then the functionalities of the sense organs are affected adversely. Since, we are not even aware of the sixth sense therefore we do not make use of it consciously and hence this power remain dormant. Telepathy is not a mystical power available to a select few; it is available to all but is used by very few people. I have repeatedly mentioned that if something exists in this

universe and happens even once then science cannot dismiss it by suggesting that it is something mystical. Nothing in the universe is outside the scope of the science and science must act more responsibly and accept that such phenomenon exists but at present we cannot explain it. To know the reality of the outside world, we have to know the reality of who we are. Not surprisingly, the ultimate authority, the almighty God is also referred to as the ‘self’ in the Indian philosophy. The Dharma First word of Gita is, ‘Dharma (duties)’ and the last word of Gita is, ‘Mam (my)’; together these two words mean, ‘My duties’. In a broader sense, it is about our ultimate goal in the life; it is about our religion or the life-style best suited to achieve our ultimate objective. In any given situation, our dharma is ‘the appropriate act’. ‘Appropriate’ is an extremely dangerous word and is often used to hide the most inappropriate acts. No act is universally right or wrong, nothing is universally good or bad. There are only appropriate actions or inappropriate inaction and the decision on appropriateness of an action can only be taken considering all the factors and not just the act. The Gita is about knowing what is appropriate for us in any conceivable situation. We are not given any fixed formulae, no equations, no mystical powers to know what is appropriate; we are only given the wisdom to decide what is appropriate. This is all Gita is about. Rest is commentary. First thing that comes to our mind when we analyze ‘mam dharma’ is, why a philosophy that does not have a synonym for the word ‘exclusion’ has a synonym for words like my and I? From where does ‘I’ emerge? I have already explained that all the physical entities are mere space-time structures; the only fundamental difference between the objects is of variations in the density of the fundamental particles. I have also explained that in the absence of absolute emptiness as the fundamental particles of the universe exist everywhere, the idea of motion cannot be associated with the structure called space. What it means is that each object distorted space must achieve supersymmetry in its area on its own. Since, there is an arbitrariness in the behavior of the objects therefore it is obvious that objects appear to have a choice in the manner in which they want to achieve or further distort their space. For all practical purposes, every system is a mini universe in itself and all fundamental laws of the universe are obeyed independently in each system.

This gives us one of the fundamental laws of nature – ‘Yatha Pinde, tatha brahmande’. This mantra means, as is the atom, so is the universe; as is the body, so is the cosmic body. As is the unit, so is the whole. Not surprisingly, Lord Shiv, whose one of the forms is Ardhnarishwar Swarupa is also represented through a ling or a pind. Ling or pind represents atomic forms. We have realized the dangers of global warming now but Indian had understood that the biggest threat to this world comes from the global warming and hence symbolically advised us to keep the universe cool and hence it is mandatory that Ling rup (form) of lord Shiv must always be cooled. Therefore, it is ensured in all the temples of Lord Shiv that water drops on the Ling Rup constantly. This is how scientific Hinduism is. Since, the responsibility of achieving supersymmetry in its structure rests with the system therefore system must have complete freedom to decide its course of action. In ancient India, every child was given the freedom to decide the course his life must take. Parents only used to introduce the basic tenets of philosophy to the child through numerous stories and readings of scriptures and then child was allowed to look for a master himself. Even nature is not supposed to be the master of the human beings or of any other physical entity. Nature can only assist or work against us depending on our actions. Lord Krishna does not tell Arjuna what he must do, he does not even give him any suggestion but just tells him ‘Yathachhesi tatha kuru’ or ‘Do as you wish’. Nature always gives us the choice to decide our own course of action and we have scientific reasons to believe that this choice is available to all physical entities but we cannot dictate the result of our actions. The response of the nature always is appropriate. Let us see what happens when we concentrate on ‘I’ and distort our space further. Words like ‘I’ and ‘my’ cannot be used without involving everything that exists in this universe. The Hell and The Heaven There are only two fundamental differences in all the entities in the universe – the composition and density of fundamental particles.

The variation in density creates two extreme structures – black holes (areas of maximum distortion of space) and voids (areas of greater supersymmetry or least distortion). I do not know whether the hells and heavens exist in the form that we find in the religious scriptures but scientifically the conditions in the blacks holes cannot be better than the conditions in hell. The conditions in the black holes are horrible as a lot of matter is stuffed in a very narrow area, there is almost absolute darkness, and temperatures are extremely high. These conditions are just like hell. On the contrary, supersymmetrical space is the zone where all the creation takes place in the universe as new galaxies emerge in these areas. Since rate of flow of time for a system is determined by the degree of distortion therefore time runs very fast in the black holes and extremely slowly in the supersymmetrical space. A soul is bound to find its place in the universe at a place that matches the degree of its distortion. Since, soul has physical content and scientifically, it is the agency that imparts life to a physical entity therefore we can say that soul is consciousness and hence must suffer or enjoy the conditions in which it operates. The system or the soul acquires a new form only in the parent system where its time is synchronized with the parent system’s time. Connecting to the Self In this entire project, I have always been able to connect to something that appears to be beyond me but now that I know that there is nothing that exists outside of me; I have been trying to connect to myself. Renouncing everything is not the way suggested by the scriptures of Indian philosophy to achieve moksha. We live in this materialistic world and there is nothing wrong in desiring all the materialistic benefits that are available to make one’s life comfortable. In fact, most of the hymns of the Vedas are directed towards bringing wealth, health, and happiness to the subjects. One of the easiest way connecting to the universal energy or universal consciousness is to forget one’s individual identity and the easiest way to forget one’s individual identity is to wonder, to get lost in something. We just do not wonder often enough because we do not give enough time to thinks we really like. If a painting makes you wonder about the creativity of the painter then get lost in the paintings, if natural beauty makes you forget yourself then visit such places that make you wonder at the beauty of the nature.

The second easiest way to forget one’s identity is to get lost in the work you are doing. This is the easiest and most practical method as far as I am concerned. I often get lost even when I am typing a routine letter on the computer. I can also switch off my mind almost at will. The state of thoughtlessness does not last for more than a minute or two but it feels good to achieve this state. Remember, we are not here to become a sanyasi so these momentary experiences are good enough to keep us on track. Bhagavat Gita discusses in detail the processes and the practices that can help us connect to the God. Since we must aim to live a happy, healthy life therefore we must explore the ways that can guarantee us such a life. The surest method is to pray. Physics of Prayer Prayer is about words. Words are nothing but oscillations and as we have seen nature understands only one language – language of impulses, oscillations, or vibrations. The difference between the impulses, oscillations, and vibrations is only of intensity. The more intense our prayer is, the more powerful is the reaction of the nature. Oscillation or the word is the only permanent feature of the perceptible universe. We just do not realize the power of the word. The ultimate goal of the science shall be device a scientific language because without a scientific language in place, we can never scale the levels that ancient scientists were able to. The fundamental concept of the scientific language is quite simple. Each entity in the universe oscillates at a specific frequency and therefore must produce a specific word. This observation is confirmed from the fact that each element produces a specific spectrum and logically each physical entity also must produce a unique spectrum. The variations may not be too noticeable and therefore we may classify the entities into few categories like human beings, trees, stars etc. However, if we can be precise in our measurement then we will know that each entity produces a specific spectrum and we will find that there are words that are bound to produce similar spectrums and a word that produces a complementary spectrum. Without any basic foundational work, it is very difficult to evolve a scientific language but historical evidence suggest that Sanskrit is a scientific language and we may well find that Sanskrit is based on above scientific principle. Once we are able to connect words with the physical entity then we have to look to connect specific actions with words and then we can have ‘Mantras’. A mantra is the easiest way of achieving whatever we want to achieve. Therefore, the most important part of a prayer is word and the most important feature of word is its pronunciation. You change the pronunciation, you change the word and hence proper pronunciation of a mantra is extremely important.

With the knowledge of proper pronunciation and the power of the word, every word becomes a mantra. We often complain that our prayers are not answered but we fail to realize that prayer is a scientific phenomenon and like every scientific activity, it requires certain procedures to be followed. I have discussed physics of prayer detail in my book, ‘Nature of Reality’ and also in the book, ‘Reality of Illusions’. I have mentioned that as per Indian mythology, Lord Shiv is grants boon very easily; on the other hand, Brahma is very difficult God to please and therefore Brahma is not worshipped in India. As far as I know, there are only three temples of Brahma in the entire India. Braham is the self, the purusa, the ultimate authority, the unknowable, property-less entity and Brahma is also supposed to be the Lord of creation. As Lord of creation, Brahma too has a form. There is a simple logic behind it. The supersymmetrical space is property-less entity. It is a physical structure and yet we cannot know anything about it. We find a glimpse of supersymmetrical space in the form of ‘voids’. Voids are the areas where space has achieved maximum supersymmetry and therefore we get negligible information from these areas. These are also the areas where new creation takes place. Galaxies in the voids are the newest galaxies of the universe. I have discussed the related theory in detail in the book, ‘Nature of Reality’. There is no point in directing flow of energy in these areas because energy flows through these areas unhindered and therefore there is no point in praying to Brahma. Physics of language can be the next big thing and the ultimate achievement of science. So, we have a formless, property-less entity and represents something abstract like mind and we also have a physical structure that also is property-less and its form can only be derived because of the absence of information we have from this area therefore we can used the word ‘Brahma’ to denote both entities. As we have seen reality has two forms – real form and manifested form. What is real is unperceivable and what is perceivable is relative. Real is unperceivable because it has no observable properties and manifested form has observable properties therefore there are two forms of Brhma. Nirgun Brahma and Sagun Brahma. Praying to the God who is most likely to respond is wiser thing to do but Brahma is the God of creation and even though Brahma is hard to please yet Brahma alone can grant certain boons just because Brahma is the God of creation. It will be better to explain the reasons after discussion on the all-important question, ‘Does God exist?’. The words, Shiv, Brahma and names of other Gods are, in all probability have not just evolved without any scientific basis.

Section V
Beyond Logic
In this section, we will examine certain phenomenon that science may or may not recognize but every human being experiences more than once in his life time. Intuition & the Sixth Sense Intuition is the knowledge that we do not acquire through logical processes or through sensory organs. We can perceive the information through our sense organs but certain information is revealed to us through intuition or some others may call it gut-feeling or even the sixth sense. Science does not accept evidence by intuition and rightly so but every scientist knows that intuition is a major source of information for us. One can see that the enmity of science and intuition starts at the very basic level. Science asks us to explain how do we know something that we claim to know but since intuition is the knowledge that we do not acquire through logical processes therefore we cannot answer this big ‘how’ that science throws at us. A scientists survives on intuition. A person who does not have the gift of intuition can never be a scientist. I will shortly explain this statement. Einstein laments, “The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and rational mind is the faithful servant. We have created a society that honors the servant and forgotten the gift.” "When it works it's like . . . freedom! Suddenly these things are coming out of you. You're in control, but you're not. The characters are coming through you. Even when I'm going "Whoa!" It's that Zen lock. It's channeling with Call Waiting." Robin Williams The most difficult part of the theory on the ‘Nature of Reality’ was to explain the apparent motion in a world where absolute emptiness does not exist and hence real motion is not possible. I knew nothing moves in the universe and yet the reality of the perceptible universe is that everything is in constant motion. Oscillation is the inherent feature of the space, of the quantum field. This knowledge of the inherent feature of the perceptible universe made me ignore something that is so obvious and so logical. I was about to give up the idea and had almost decided that I shall not discuss the issue in my theory at all but the I found that I cannot proceed without resolving this most important anomaly in the behavior of the nature.

I thought about the issue for several nights and then one night when I was not even thinking about the issue but I was just going through what I had written previously on other issues, I stopped at the blank space I had left on the issue of motion and started writing I do not know what. When I finished writing, I knew I had my solution. During the entire project, I knew that I was connected to some external agency that had taken full control of me and that information was flowing through me rather than from me. I knew that I was only a medium through which truth was being manifested rather than being someone to whom truth was being manifested. The problem comes when we know something intuitively and find that it is against the established facts or is against what is so apparent as motion. Nothing in the knowable universe is in a state of complete rest and to suggest that nothing moves is inviting trouble. Here, one has to trust the intuition and ask the next obvious question, ‘if everything in the universe is in a state of complete rest then how do we explain the motion?’ Once we put the question in the orbit, the answer is bound to come. Let us find out how intuition works, “When you are inspired by some great purpose, some extraordinary project, all of your thoughts break their bonds. Your mind transcends limitations. Your consciousness expands in every direction. You find yourself in a new and great and wonderful world. Dormant forces, faculties, and talents come alive, and you discover yourself to be a greater person by far than you ever dreamed yourself to be.” This is probably a quote from the Yog-Sutra of Patanjali but I am not sure from where I picked up this extraordinary statement. In a nutshell, when you think about something relentlessly, if you pursue something with all your might then you start surrendering your own identity and get connected to the vast sea of the information that is already present within you. There is nothing that we do not know; we only need to recall what we already know. This connectedness to the universal consciousness gives us answers to all our questions. Medical science does not recognize brain as sensory organs. While all the sensory organs receive information from outside world, brain receives information from the body and therefore it must be considered a sensory organ. Brain also receives information directly from the outside world. All the information is available to the brain instantly but since we do not use brain as sensory organ therefore this information remains unmanifested to us. Even in case of the sensory organs, we can only notice an information when we focus on it and same logic applies to the brain also. Sometimes, the information is so strong, like the sound of a bomb that we simply cannot ignore it; similarly, sometimes the information received by the brain is so strong that we cannot ignore it but since we do not recognize brain as sensory organ therefore we feel that the information has come from an unexplainable source.

Nothing can come to us from nowhere and through no physical link. Brain is our sixth sense organ. How does one connect with the universal consciousness? It is a simple scientific process that we will discover during this journey. Here, I just wanted to establish the fact that intuition is not something unscientific, mystical thing. As such, it is the responsibility of the physics to explain everything that is mystical.

Section VI
Science, Religion, and God
Does God Exist? Science does not study, analyzes, and defines an entity with whom all human beings feel connected to. God is too important for human beings to be ignored by science and that is why science has not been able to reach the masses. Idea of God emerges from scientific analysis of nature as well from our emotional requirement of having an entity that not only gives us hope but also provides us an avenue to vent out our frustrations. We can thank God for all our success without attracting any reactions from the God and we can hold him responsible for all our failures without worrying about any adverse reactions from him but above all, God is supposed to be the entity that can answer our prayers. God is also supposed to be omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient and he is supposed to be the creator, the sustainer, and the destroyer of this world. That which is Al-Quddus (the pure), Al-Malik (absolute ruler), Ar-Rahim (merciful), Al-Khaliq (the creator), Ar-Razzak (the sustainer), Al-Alim (omniscient), Al-Latif (the subtle), Al-Adl (the just), Al-Hasib (the accounter), Al-Mummit (the destroyer), Al-Hayy (eternal), Al-Awaal (the first), and Al-Akhir (the last) is Allah or God. In one of the most beautiful verses of Sanskrit, Tulsi Das narrates the attributes of God, “I bow to the God, who is supreme, devoid of form, transcendent, and extra-cosmic. I worship Lord Shiv, who is omnipresent, all-pervading, undifferentiated, desireless, consciousness, beyond speech, understanding, and sense perception, terrible yet gracious, the seed of mystic syllable OM, the ruler of the universe, the devourer of even the great time-spirit, and adobe of virtues. I adore the all-merciful, universal lord, who is loved by all, who is unfathomable, exalted, intrepid, indivisible, bliss personified, and is unborn.’ Aesthetically, the translation is not anywhere close to the original piece in Sanskrit but it reflects the basic idea of God. One of the most striking properties assigned to the God in this piece that we generally do not find in any other philosophy is that God is terrible yet gracious. This basically reflects God’s role as a sustainer and the destroyer of the world. We have lots of complaints against the God but unfortunately or fortunately, there is no appellate authority beyond God as God is the supreme authority in the universe.

We will look for a physical reality that fulfills all the qualities as these are the qualities of the God that all religions and philosophies present before us. Similarities between different ideas of God do not end in the qualities that God is suppose to possess, we find that God of no religion has descended on earth in person but has manifested himself in various forms including in the form of human beings. The second thing is that no religion claims that their most sacred scriptures have been written by an individual. The most sacred scriptures of all religions have been dictated to by the God himself to one or more individuals. Even the basic tenets of all religions are same. The universe and the reality of each physical entity including ourselves possess all these qualities. This reality is one. Hinduism presents a form of the God but most philosophies or religions of the world do not present any form of the God. Hinduism also proclaims that God is formless and is devoid of any observable properties and yet it presents various forms of the God. Why? The form itself is a property and form is all that we recognize as physical reality and therefore the moment we assume that god has form, we have to assign properties to the form. Indian philosophy also suggests that the reality assumes various forms. “rupam rupam prtirupa babhuva” “He transformed himself in accordance with each form” These one-liners or couplets from Indian philosophy are the result of the deep understanding of the nature. Earlier, I had mentioned that I was put off by such suggestions from Indian philosophy as, ‘it moves but it is in state of complete rest’; Asino duram vrajati sayano yati sarvatah: Kastam madamadam devam mad anyo jnatum arhati. “Sitting, it moves far. Lying down, it goes everywhere. Who else but I is able to know The god who is ever delighted.” We now know that this represents reality; motion is an illusion and yet everything is in constant motion in perceptible universe.

We have already seen the scientific validity of the other observation on the measurement of time by measuring the number of breathes. ‘Yatha Pinde, tatha Brahmande’ reflects another fundamental law of nature. All these fundamental laws culminate in the final words, ‘Aham Brahmasmi’. All these knowledge, everything that I have discussed here is already known to all of us. All philosophies and all religions of the world have been preaching and presenting these ideas in great detail to us for centuries and yet we get illusionized. We concentrate on parts and not the whole. If this knowledge that we are all eternal entities that are manifestation of the only reality that exists in nature were enough to make us follow the path of real knowledge, peace, and harmony then we would not have any evil in this world. To know that this universe is illusory does not make us and shall not make us renounce this universe. We are here to live a meaningful, happy and prosperous life and we must device ways through which we can get everything we want. The complexities of the scientific language are such that we are forced to present the scientific ideas through symbols in a language comprehensible to everyone. Our scientific analysis shows that knowledge of the word, use of a scientific language can get us everything we want. Our mental make-up is such that we need an image to be associated with the word. If someone asks me to recite the word, ‘Shiv’ then I will definitely ask that person why shall I recite this word? What does the word represent? If I have no scientific background then the person will struggle to scientifically explain to me why I shall recite the word ‘Shiv’. Therefore, the person must explain the reasons in a language comprehensible to me. The basic constituents of the universe are two complementary particles that manifest themselves through the various properties that male and female possess and hence the men and women form. Then, depending on the qualities and things that I want, I have to adorn these forms with various things and hence various forms of the God. The basic idea is to make me recite the word ‘Shiv’ faithfully because scientifically it helps me achieve my objectives. This word may not only be ‘Shiv’ but it can be ‘Brahma’, ‘Vishnu’, ‘Ram’, ‘Christ’, ‘Allha’ etc. The form of the Lord Shiv emerges from the observable properties of the perceptible universe that is nothing but the combination of its two fundamental constituent particles.

The form is necessary to allow us to focus but the form is not imaginary, it has scientific basis. However, for the prayer to be answered form is redundant. The laws of nature ensure that if we use the specific words. Indian philosophy understands that God is a formless entity but it also understands basic psychology of the human beings that requires some object to focus on. The space is the only physical entity in the universe but universe is not just space, it is much more than space. It does not have mind and therefore there is no violation of the laws of nature. Universe is more like a mechanical entity, it is like a computer. You get what you put in. Mind is about choosing, that is all mind is. It is an entity that chooses but its decisions are not mechanical. If we recognize the existence of ‘man’ or what we refer to as the ‘heart’ then only we can say that universe has mind but it does not have a heart and therefore does not face dualities and dilemmas. ‘Man’ or ‘Heart’ is associated with soul and reflects itself in our tendencies whereas mind is associated with brain or body. Man is not the function of the soul nor is mind function of the brain. Man and mind present the greatest duality, the duality of ‘I’. The question is, ‘which is the entity that faces this duality?’ ‘Who is it in us that has decides whether it must follow what mind suggests or it must listen to the heart?’ This is a question that cannot be answered scientifically. In its totality, universe fulfills all requirements of the God with its properties of being eternal, omnipotent, omnipresent, creator, sustainer, and the destroyer. If universe is a mechanical entity then laws of nature ensure that our prayers are answered provided we know how to pray. We do not have any debate on the number and nature of evil forces in the universe. No one claims that the evil force of its religion is the only real evil force but when it comes to God, we fight and suggest that the name given by their language to the God is the only real name. It is absurd; the name does not change the basic concept of God of any religion and as we have seen that basic concept of god is same across all the religions. To sell the religion to poor people by giving them food is the dirtiest thing that we can do in the name of the God. We must refrain from selling God. Before I conclude this section, we must resolve one apparently contradictory proposal of all religions. As mentioned earlier, all religions proclaim that God is formless entity and yet they also claim that their most sacred scriptures like Vedas, and Holy Koran have been dictated to one of more individuals directly by the God himself. How do we resolve this apparent contradiction? The answer is provided to us by the part of the Patanjali Yog-Sutra quoted above. There are numerous occasions when things happen through us without our

knowledge, when we simply do not believe ourselves that this is what we have done or we have written. The only evidence of the truth is that it is self-evident. One ought to forget everything else, one has to forget even oneself and then truth emerges on its own with all its glory. Truth does not require any evidence, everything that is illuminated is light. Whatever, the scientific analysis and definitions may make us believe, light and darkness cannot co-exist. Scientific knowledge suggests that darkness and light are relative phenomenon, practical reasons force us to treat the two as separate phenomenon where darkness is supposed to be absence of the light. Scientific analysis shows that sun is at the center of the solar system but practical analysis forces us to analyze the motion from our frame of reference; if we do not use our frame of reference for all measurements then we encounter relativity, duality, uncertainty, and the resultant chaos. Scientifically, it is extremely difficult to explain who we are because we appear to be more than mind, soul, and body and scientifically it is even more difficult to explain the entity called, ‘God’. Scientifically, we can say that the qualities that we were looking for in the God are present in the universe but the indisputable presence of abstract entity called mind prevents us from forming an image of the God even if mind is reduced to just being a mechanical entity in the absence of the heart or man. God does not make choices; it scrupulously obeys the laws of nature in all conditions, at all the times, and at all the places. Moreover, the idea of God being terrible yet gracious, Ar-Rahim (merciful) and yet Al-Mummit (the destroyer) emerges from our emotional requirement and if God has to be Al-Adl (the just) then he must not have any discretionary powers. More than anything else, God must exist because we need God. Science and Religion Is religion a natural phenomenon? No, it isn’t. Science, religion, or any branch of knowledge is not a natural phenomenon. When science used the language of symbols to reach masses then it becomes religion. I have not explained the scientific basis of numerous observations in this article because one cannot explain the technical details in a language comprehensible even to a non-physicist but science has to ensure and must ensure that even an uneducated person lives a scientific life style and therefore we have to have religion. We cannot put the condition that someone shall operate a television set only after the person understands the circuit and the theory behind the television set. In spite of all the apparent distrust in the world, we still believe a lot more in each other than we think and one of the things that we believe is that everything that science throws at us is true and is for our good. Unfortunately, it is not true. Science, esp. physics, has such imaginative theories that even a fiction writer would be proud of and most of what it

says is not correct. What we know through the science is not wrong i.e. we have the right information but our interpretation of the information is not correct. Religion and science must understand that the contents of what they say are same and they have to be same. Since the climatic conditions and most other factors keep on changing with the change in the geographical location therefore what is right life style for one location may be the most harmful life style in other location and hence science and religion have to make necessary adjustment but basic tenets still remain same. They have to be. We must understand that this is a relative world and relative world has nothing absolute in it. Einstein suggests that theory of relativity does not rule out existence of absolute space but absolute space is supersymmetrical space and in supersymmetrical space, there isn’t any observer and there is nothing to be observed; there is no perceiver and there is nothing to be perceived. Absolute space cannot exist in perceptible universe. Voids are the closest entities to the absolute space. Voids absorb negligible information and emit negligible information and therefore we cannot know anything about voids. Information flows unobstructed in voids from one end to another. There is only one absolute entity and for this very reason, it remains unmanifested to us. Absoluteness is unperceivable. Universe does not have a mind and functions based on some fundamental laws and as I have mentioned, a law takes away the discretionary power even from the authority who has made the law. I do not know whether god exists in some physical form or not but even if god exists in some physical form then even he must follow the rules he has made for the smooth operations of the universe. The fact that functioning of the universe is governed by the fundamental laws also ensures that if god exists then he can have plenty of time to play dice because he know that dice must fall at exactly the place where it must, exactly at the time it must, and exactly in the manner it must. Vishnu, the Lord responsible for managing the affairs of the universe rests in peace with his wife Laxmi. Thus, we have the trinity – the Brahma who represents voids or zones of creation, Shiv represents the structure that manifests the universe and that can provide us all the materialistic benefits we want, and Vishnu who represents laws of nature and therefore can help us achieve maximum out of our prayers. One cannot conceive the idea of the ‘I’ without recognizing its three apparent constituents – the mind, body, and soul. Similarly, we cannot think of the universe in one form only and without analyzing the laws of nature and therefore we have the trinity. Even the idea of God must be based on scientific facts. Science explains what rules society must follow to be able to live in peace with nature; religion ensures that society follows the rules explained by science. Religion has much broader scope, a greater role to play in society than science but the basic script of its role has to be written by the science. Science and religion cannot survive without each other. The earlier we realize it, the better it will be for us.

The Epilogue
When my finished my work on nature of reality, I was a bit disappointed because all I had concluded regarding nature of reality was that because reality is imperceptible therefore we cannot know the nature of reality. It was a crude realization of the futility of knowledge. Today, we believe in physical constants but tomorrow the posterity will prove us wrong because there is nothing constant in the universe. Values of the physical constants as on date may be right but since these values are time and space specific therefore these values are bound to change. Everything in the perceptible universe is space and time dependent and hence is relative. It was only during the course of my work on this e-book that I realized that it is not impossible to realize the true nature of reality. Unfortunately or fortunately, not everyone is destines to realize the truth. Lesser mortals like me can only take solace in knowing the path that leads to this realization; most of us are not destines to walk on the path and fortunately so. We cannot have a world full of mystics, and saints who have renounced this world, nor can we have a world full of scientists. It is better to be an ordinary human being who laughs when he is happy and cries when he is sad. In between a laugh and a cry, we can do all we can to make this world a better place to live in. Before I conclude, I must go back to Einstein’s idea of ‘I’. As quoted above, Einstein suggests, "The fact that man produces a concept "I" besides the totality of this mental and emotional experiences or perceptions does not prove that there must be any specific existence [reality] behind such a concept.” I think, we are a lot more than just our mental and physical experiences. The concept of ‘I’, as we perceive it, must include body and structural and functional aspects of the consciousness but in essence, we are nothing more than the conserved information. Therefore, I will explain it as follows, “The fact that man produces a concept of ‘I’ besides the totality of the words spoken, thoughts generated, and various activities performed by him is the result of treating this illusory world as real. All that is conserved in any physical entity, not just human beings, through its various forms is the information generated by the entity. If science does not have to discard any word just because philosophy has used it then we may call it ‘soul’.” However, we have to agree with Einstein that there is no scientific basis for suggesting that ‘I’ is real unless we equate it with the reality itself. ‘I’ is an illusion, is an abstract phenomenon. I will just like to make one correction in the second part of the observation. I will replace the word philosophy with the science. “We are succumbing to illusions produced by our self-created language, without

reaching a better understanding of anything. Most of so-called philosophy is due to this kind of fallacy.” My observation is, “We are succumbing to illusions produced by our self-created language, without reaching a better understanding of anything. Most of so-called science is due to this kind of fallacy.” I had not expected that I would make this correction after having spent better part of last almost four years in scientifically exploring nature of reality. For better understating of the scientific aspects, you may like to read my book, ‘Nature of Reality’. I can assure you, it will not be a bad investment. I have mentioned earlier that we are wrong in assuming that we can only know what is perceivable. This view is wrong because we do not consider brain to be the sixth organ. If we consider brain to be the sixth sense organ then we can conclude that what is unperceivable is unknowable and there is nothing that is unperceivable. Before I conclude, I must answer the question before you ask me, “Do I realize who I am?” I think I am closer to the truth than ever before. I do not disown the responsibility or the accountability I have towards myself, I am just being realistic. I realize that it is one thing to know what is right but entirely a different thing to do what is right. I have not even prayed once let alone pray in the scientific manner after I finished my work on the ‘Nature of Reality’. I have been able to shed 5 kilograms by just following my own scientifically developed program that does not require any changes in the diet or the routine and does not require any physical exercises. However, I must admit that I have not taken any concrete steps towards realizing my real identity except that I meditate for a while almost on daily basis. I have not been able to give any of my habits that I have been trying to give for years. I know one shall not preach what one does not practice; therefore, I am not supposed to tell you, “tat twam Asi (you are that)” before I can say ‘Aham brahmasmi (I am God)’ but it all boils down to our will-power and it is quite possible that you may have the required will-power to develop that state of mind, to develop Buddha nature. Moreover, this feeling of oneness even if it is only restricted to physical sense is the need of the hour. Just try to even imagine that you are the almighty God, it is not an easy thing to feel even for a single moment.

Someone has said that believe that a mountain has changed its place but do not believe that a human being has changed his nature. The tendencies that we have acquired in various forms over billions of years are not easy to change but there are reasons to believe that we can change our tendencies. Let us not debate whether a supreme authority like ‘God’ exists or not because more than anything else, belief in the God is our psychological requirement. Much against what I have stated here, my own idea of God is quite similar to the Einstein’s idea of God. “That deeply emotional conviction of the presence of a superior reasoning power, which is revealed in the incomprehensible universe, forms my idea of God.” I can only add, “For me, God is an entity I can look up to, the entity that has always provided me with a helping hand when I needed it most, an entity that has carried me on its shoulder in the most difficult times of my life, an entity that I can be angry with, an entity that I can thank, and an entity that gives me hope.” With extreme experiences and feelings that I have gone through in last 5 years, it was not always easy to retain one’s trust in the honesty, goodness, justice, and even in a smile but God has been more than kind in picking me up whenever I felt tired and down if not out. I still feel that honesty, goodness, justice, and smile are worth giving a try. We may have justifiable reasons to be aggrieved but one still must have hope and smile. There are times when one cannot do anything more. I can feel the presence of the God as I write this and it makes me feel good. Science or no science, philosophy or no philosophy, religion or no religion, I need God; I really do. I do not want to know him, I want to feel him; I do not want to think him. I want to experience him. I just want to repeat what Tulasi Das has said, “Na janami yogam, japam naiv puja; natoham sada sarvada shambhu tubhyam.” “I do not know yog, nor do I know puja; I just bow to you all the times.” One can see that my inherited tendencies have taken precedence over my acquired tendencies in this form. One often hears that most scientists face this dilemma when it comes to believing in God. I have no two views on it. It helps if mind controls the reins of the self but at times, it is better to allow the heart to have a free-ride.

In the end, I must request the readers to give their suggestions. I will appreciate if readers can point out similarities of concepts in other philosophies of the world. Indian philosophy is a combination of basic philosophy of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. While life-style of Indians has been influenced by Islam and Christianity; the basic philosophy of India was more or less settled with Adi Shankaracharya’s efforts of unifying the country physically and unifying different views through his interpretation of Indian philosophy. All religions differ only in the life-style that they suggest and not in the basic idea of God or even in the basic moralistic and ethical framework. The life-style much match the geographical and climatic conditions therefore it is apt that different religions suggest different life-style. Since everything now is assuming global nature therefore we can alter our life-style according to the requirements of the nature. Islam is a highly compassionate and scientific religion. If I am not wrong, then one of the Ayats of Holy Koran asks its followers to explore and understand nature. This is the beginning of the science – the urge to explore and understand nature. If science can make mistake in understanding nature then so can religion and philosophy. Theories of science change constantly and every time we feel that a theory is the final word on nature, we get strong evidences that invalidates the theory. Different religions and philosophies are nothing but different interpretations of the same observed phenomenon much in the same manner as our theories are different interpretation of the same observed phenomenon. Science pays too much attention on experimental evidences without realizing that experiment itself does not prove or disprove anything. It is the interpretation of an observed phenomenon or a procedure that makes it an experiment of science. The moment science starts observing everything from our frame of reference, it turns into a religion.

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