Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
This section presents data on gross
domestic product (GDP), gross national
product (GNP), national and personal
income, saving and investment, money
income, poverty, and national and
personal wealth. The data on income and
expenditures measure two aspects of the
U.S. economy. One aspect relates to the
National Income and Product Accounts
(NIPA), a summation reflecting the entire
complex of the nation’s economic income
and output and the interaction of its
major components; the other relates to
the distribution of money income to
families and individuals or consumer
income.
The primary source for data on GDP, GNP,
national and personal income, gross
saving and investment, and fixed assets
and consumer durables is the Survey of
Current Business, published monthly by
the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).
A comprehensive revision to the NIPA
was released beginning in July 2009.
Discussions of the revision appeared in
the March, August, September, October,
and November 2009 issues of the Survey
of Current Business. Summary historical
estimates appeared in the August 2009
issue of the Survey of Current Business.
Detailed historical data can be found on
BEA’s Web site at <http://www.bea.gov/>.
Sources of income distribution data are
the decennial censuses of population,
the Current Population Survey (CPS),
and the American Community Survey, all
products of the U.S. Census Bureau (see
text, Section 1 and Section 4). Annual
data on income of families, individuals,
and households are presented in Current
Population Reports, Consumer Income,
P60 Series, in print. Many data series are
also found on the Census Web site at
<http://www.census.gov/hhes
/www/income/income.html>. Data on
the household sector’s saving and assets
are published by the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System in the
quarterly statistical release Flow of Funds
Accounts. The Federal Reserve Board also
periodically conducts the Survey of
Consumer Finances, which presents financial information on family assets and net
worth. The most recent survey is available
at <http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs
/oss/oss2/scfindex.html>. Detailed information on personal wealth is published
periodically by the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS) in SOI Bulletin.
National income and product—
GDP is the total output of goods and
services produced by labor and property located in the United States, valued
at market prices. GDP can be viewed in
terms of the expenditure categories that
comprise its major components:
personal consumption expenditures,
gross private domestic investment, net
exports of goods and services, and government consumption expenditures and
gross investment. The goods and services
included are largely those bought for final
use (excluding illegal transactions) in the
market economy. A number of inclusions,
however, represent imputed values, the
most important of which is the rental
value of owner–occupied housing. GDP, in
this broad context, measures the output
attributable to the factors of production
located in the United States. GDP by state
is the gross market value of the goods
and services attributable to labor and
property located in a state. It is the state
counterpart of the nation’s GDP.
The featured measure of real GDP is
an index based on chain-type annual
weights. Changes in this measure of
real output and prices are calculated
as the average of changes based on
weights for the current and preceding
years. (Components of real output are
weighted by price, and components of
prices are weighted by output.) These
annual changes are “chained” (multiplied)
together to form a time series that allows
for the effects of changes in relative
prices and changes in the composition of
output over time. Quarterly and monthly
changes are based on quarterly and
monthly weights, respectively.
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U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
The output indexes are expressed as
2005 = 100, and for recent years, in 2005
dollars; the price indexes are also based
to 2005 = 100. For more information on
chained–dollar indexes, see the article on
this subject in the November 2003 issue
of the Survey of Current Business.
historical costs and reflect changes over
time in service lives and depreciation
patterns as permitted by tax regulations.
Inventory valuation adjustment represents
the difference between the book value of
inventories used up in production and the
cost of replacing them.
Chained (2005) dollar estimates of most
components of GDP are not published
for periods prior to 1990, because
during periods far from the base period,
the levels of the components may provide misleading information about their
contributions to an aggregate. Values are
published in index form (2005 = 100) for
1929 to the present to allow users to
calculate the percent changes for all
components, which are accurate for all
periods. In addition, BEA publishes
estimates of contributions of major
components to the percent change in
GDP for all periods.
Personal income is the current income
received by persons from all sources
minus their personal contributions
for government social insurance.
Classified as “persons” are individuals
(including owners of unincorporated
firms), nonprofit institutions that primarily
serve individuals, private trust funds, and
private noninsured welfare funds.
Personal income includes personal
current transfer receipts (payments not
resulting from current production) from
government and business such as social
security benefits, public assistance, etc.,
but excludes transfers among persons.
Also included are certain nonmonetary
types of income chiefly, estimated net
rental value to owner-occupants of their
homes and the value of services furnished
without payment by financial intermediaries. Capital gains (and losses) are
excluded.
Gross national product measures the
output attributable to all labor and
property supplied by United States
residents. GNP differs from “national
income” mainly in that GNP includes
allowances for depreciation—that is,
consumption of fixed capital.
National income includes all net incomes
net of consumption of fixed capital (CFC),
earned in production. National income
is the sum of compensation of employees, proprietors’ income with inventory
valuation adjustment (IVA) and capital
consumption adjustment (CCAdj), rental
income of persons with CCAdj, corporate
profits with IVA and CCAdj, net interest
and miscellaneous payments, taxes on
production and imports, business
current transfer payments (net), and
current surplus of government enterprises, less subsidies.
Capital consumption adjustment for
corporations and for nonfarm sole
proprietorships and partnerships is the
difference between capital consumption
based on income tax returns and capital
consumption measured using empirical
evidence on prices of used equipment
and structures in resale markets, which
have shown that depreciation for most
types of assets approximates a geometric
pattern. The tax return data are valued at
Disposable personal income is personal
income less personal current taxes. It
is the income available to persons for
spending or saving. Personal current
taxes are tax payments (net of refunds)
by persons (except personal contributions
for government social insurance) that
are not chargeable to business expense.
Personal taxes include income taxes,
personal property taxes, motor vehicle
licenses, and other miscellaneous taxes.
Gross domestic product by
industry—The BEA also prepares
estimates of value added by industry.
Value added is a measure of the contribution of each private industry and of government to the nation’s GDP. It is defined
as an industry’s gross output (which
consists of sales or receipts and other
operating income, commodity taxes, and
inventory change) minus its intermediate inputs (which consists of energy,
raw materials, semi-finished goods, and
services that are purchased from domestic
industries or from foreign sources). These
estimates of value added are produced for
432 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
61 private industries and for 4 government classifications—federal general
government and government enterprises
and state and local general government
and government enterprises.
Consumer Expenditure Survey—
The Consumer Expenditure Survey
program began in 1980. The principal
objective of the survey is to collect current consumer expenditure data, which
provide a continuous flow of data on the
buying habits of American consumers.
The data are necessary for future revisions of the Consumer Price Index.
The estimates by industry are available
in current dollars and are derived from
the estimates of gross domestic income,
which consists of three components—
the compensation of employees, gross
operating surplus, and taxes on production and imports, less subsidies. Real,
or inflation-adjusted, estimates are also
prepared.
Regional Economic Accounts—
These accounts consist of estimates of
state and local area personal income and
of gross domestic product by state and
are consistent with estimates of personal
income and gross domestic product in
the Bureau’s national economic accounts.
BEA’s estimates of state and local area
personal income provide a framework
for analyzing individual state and local
economies, and they show how the
economies compare with each other.
The personal income of a state and/or
local area is the income received by, or
on behalf of, the residents of that state or
area. Estimates of labor and proprietors’
earnings by place of work indicate the
economic activity of business and
government within that area, and
estimates of personal income by place of
residence indicate the income within the
area that is available for spending. BEA
prepares estimates for states, counties,
metropolitan areas, and BEA economic
areas.
Gross domestic product by state estimates
measure the value added to the nation’s
production by the labor and property in
each state. GDP by state is often considered the state counterpart of the nation’s
GDP. The GDP by state estimates provide the basis for analyzing the regional
impacts of national economic trends. GDP
by state is measured as the sum of the
distributions by industry and state of the
components of gross domestic income;
that is, the sum of the costs incurred and
incomes earned in the production of GDP
by state. The GDP estimates are presented
in current dollars and in real (chained
dollars) for 63 industries.
The survey conducted by the Census
Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
consists of two components:
(1) an interview panel survey in which
the expenditures of consumer units are
obtained in five interviews conducted
every 3 months, and (2) a diary or
recordkeeping survey completed by
participating households for two
consecutive 1-week periods.
Each component of the survey queries
an independent sample of consumer
units representative of the U.S. total
population. Each quarter of the year,
approximately 3,200 consumer units
are sampled for the diary survey. Each
consumer unit keeps a diary for two
1-week periods yielding approximately
6,400 diaries a year. The interview sample
is selected on a rotating panel basis, targeted at 15,000 consumer units. Data are
collected in 91 areas of the country that
are representative of the U.S. total population. The survey includes students in
student housing. Data from the two
surveys are combined; integration is
necessary to permit analysis of total
family expenditures because neither the
diary nor quarterly interview survey was
designed to collect a complete account of
consumer spending.
Distribution of money income to
families and individuals—
Money income statistics are based on
data collected in various field surveys
of income conducted since 1936. Since
1947, the Census Bureau has collected
the data on an annual basis and published
them in Current Population Reports,
P60 Series. In each of the surveys, field
representatives interview samples of
the population with respect to income
received during the previous year. Money
income as defined by the Census Bureau
differs from the BEA concept of “personal
income.” Data on consumer income
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 433
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
collected in the CPS by the Census Bureau
cover money income received (exclusive
of certain money receipts such as capital
gains) before payments for personal
income taxes, social security, union dues,
medicare deductions, etc. Therefore,
money income does not reflect the fact
that some families receive part of their
income in the form of noncash benefits
(see Section 11) such as food stamps,
health benefits, and subsidized housing;
that some farm families receive noncash
benefits in the form of rent-free housing
and goods produced and consumed on
the farm; or that noncash benefits are
also received by some nonfarm residents,
which often take the form of the use of
business transportation and facilities,
full or partial payments by business
for retirement programs, medical and
educational expenses, etc. These
elements should be considered when
comparing income levels. None of the
aggregate income concepts (GDP, national
income, or personal income) is exactly
comparable with money income, although
personal income is the closest. For a
definition of families and households, see
text, Section 1.
Poverty—Families and unrelated
individuals are classified as being above
or below poverty following the Office of
Management and Budget’s Statistical
Policy Directive 14. The Census Bureau
uses a set of thresholds that vary by
family size and composition.
The poverty calculation is based solely
on money income and does not reflect
the fact that many low-income persons
receive noncash benefits such as food
stamps, medicaid, and public housing.
The original thresholds were based on
the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s
1961 Economy Food Plan and reflected
the different consumption requirements
of families. The poverty thresholds are
updated every year to reflect changes in
the Consumer Price Index. The following technical changes to the thresholds
were made in 1981: (1) distinctions based
on sex of householder were eliminated,
(2) separate thresholds for farm families
were dropped, and (3) the matrix was
expanded to families of nine or more
persons from the old cutoff of seven or
more persons. These changes were incorporated in the calculation of poverty data
beginning with 1981. Besides the Census
Bureau Web site at <http://www.census
.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty.html>,
information on poverty guidelines and
research may be found at the
U.S. Department of Human Services
Web site at <http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty
/index.shtml>.
In the recent past, the Census Bureau has
published a number of technical papers
and reports that presented experimental
poverty estimates based on income
definitions that counted the value of
selected government noncash benefits.
The Census Bureau has also published
reports on after–tax income.
Statistical reliability—For a discussion
of statistical collection and estimation,
sampling procedures, and measures of
statistical reliability pertaining to Census
Bureau data, see Appendix III.
434 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
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Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 435
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
– Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
Table 668. Real Gross Domestic Product, Chained (2005) Dollars—Annual
Percent Change: 1990 to 2010
[Change from immediate previous year; for example, 1990, change from 1989. Minus sign (–) indicates decrease]
Component
Gross domestic product (GDP) . . . . . . . .
– Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
Table 669. Gross Domestic Product in Current and Chained (2005) Dollars by
Type of Product and Sector: 1990 to 2010
[In billions of dollars (5,801 represents $5,801,000,000,000). For explanation of chained dollars, see text, this section]
Type of product and sector
NA Not available. 1 Includes government consumption expenditures, which are for services (such as education and national
defense) produced by government. In current dollars, these services are valued at their cost of production. 2 Equals gross domestic
product excluding gross value added of households and institutions and of general government. 3 Equals gross domestic business
value added excluding gross farm value added. 4 Equals compensation of general government employees plus general government
consumption of fixed capital.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
436 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
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NA Not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, May 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov
/newsreleases/industry/gdpindustry/gdpindnewsrelease.htm>.
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Table 671. Gross Domestic Product by State in Current and Chained (2005)
Dollars: 2000 to 2009
[In billions of dollars (9,884.2 represents $9,884,200,000,000). For definition of gross domestic product by state or chained dollars,
see text, this section]
State
United States 1. . . . .
For chained (2005) dollar estimates, states will not add to U.S. total.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Gross Domestic Product by State,” February 2011, <http://www.bea.gov
/regional/gsp/>.
1
438 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 672. Gross Domestic Product by Selected Industries and State: 2009
[In billions of dollars (14,027.7 represents $14,027,700,000,000). Preliminary data. For definition of gross domestic product by
state, see text, this section. Industries based on 2002 North American Industry Classification System; see text, Section 15]
State
United States. . . . . .
ManuTotal 1 facturing
14,027.7 1,584.8
Wholesale
trade
780.8
Retail
trade
819.6
Information
639.4
Finance
and
insurance
1,171.6
Real ProfesHealth
estate,
sional care and
rental,
and
social
and technical
assisleasing services
tance
1,868.7 1,068.5 1,057.9
Includes industries not shown separately. 2 Includes federal civilian and military and state and local government.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Gross Domestic Product by State,” February 2011, <http://www.bea.gov
/regional/gsp/>.
1
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U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 673. Relation of GDP, GNP, Net National Product, National Income,
Personal Income, Disposable Personal Income, and Personal Saving:
1990 to 2010
[In billions of dollars (5,801 represents $5,801,000,000,000). For definitions, see text, this section. Minus sign (–) indicates deficit or
net disbursement]
Item
Gross domestic product (GDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world. . . . . . . .
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world . . . . . . . .
Equals: Gross national product (GNP) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: Consumption of fixed capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equals: Net national product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: Statistical discrepancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equals: National income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: Corporate profits 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxes on production and imports less subsidies. . . . . . .
Contributions for government social insurance. . . . . . . .
Net interest and miscellaneous payments on assets . . .
Business current transfer payments (net). . . . . . . . . . . .
Current surplus of government enterprises. . . . . . . . . . .
Wage accruals less disbursements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plus: Personal income receipts on assets. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal current transfer receipts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equals: Personal income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: Personal current taxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equals: Disposable personal income . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: Personal outlays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equals: Personal saving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
– Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
– Represents or rounds to zero. 1 IVA and CCA = Inventory valuation adjustment and capital consumption adjustment.
2
Consists of capital transfers and the acquisition and disposal of nonproduced nonfinancial assets.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
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GSE = government-sponsored enterprises. 2 Only directly held and those in closed-end and exchange-traded funds. Other
equities are included in mutual funds and life insurance and pension reserves. 3 Includes corporate farms. 4 Flow of Funds measure.
5
National Income and Product Accounts measure.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Federal Reserve Statistical Release, Z.1, Flow of Funds
Accounts of the United States,” March, 2011, <http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/20100311/>.
1
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 441
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
NA Not available. 1 Includes other expenditures not shown separately. 2 Consists of shoes and other footwear, and of repair
and hire of footwear. 3 Consists of space rent (see footnote 4) and rent for appliances, furnishings, and furniture. 4 Consists of rent
for space and for heating and plumbing facilities, water heaters, lighting fixtures, kitchen cabinets, linoleum, storm windows and
doors, window screens, and screen doors, but excludes rent for appliances and furniture and purchases of fuel and electricity.
5
Includes clocks, lamps, lighting fixtures, and other household decorative items; also includes repair of furniture, furnishings, and
floor coverings. 6 Consists of major household appliances, small electric household appliances, and repair of household appliances.
7
Excludes drug preparations and related products dispensed by physicians, hospitals, and other medical services. 8 Consists of
offices of physicians, health maintenance organization medical centers, and freestanding ambulatory surgical and emergency
centers. 9 Consists of transient hotels, motels, other traveler accommodations, clubs, and housing at schools. 10 Consists of
cosmetics and toiletries, electric appliances for personal care, hairdressing salons, and miscellaneous personal care services.
11
Consists of jewelry, watches, luggage, and similar personal items. 12 Consists of household purchases of goods and services
from business, government, and nonprofit institutions providing social services and religious activities. Purchases from nonprofit
establishments exclude unrelated sales, secondary sales, and sales to businesses, government, and the rest of the world, but
include membership dues and fees.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
442 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
1
With inventory valuation adjustments and capital consumption adjustment. 2 Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by
households.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
Table 679. Selected Per Capita Income and Product Measures in Current and
Chained (2005) Dollars: 1960 to 2010
[In dollars. Based on U.S. Census Bureau estimated population including Armed Forces abroad; based on quarterly averages.
For explanation of chained dollars, see text, this section]
Current dollars
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
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U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 680. Personal Income in Current and Constant (2005) Dollars by State:
2000 to 2010
[In billions of dollars (8,554.9 represents $8,554,900,000,000). Represents a measure of income received from all sources during
the calendar year by residents of each state. Data exclude federal employees overseas and U.S. residents employed by private
U.S. firms on temporary foreign assignment. Totals may differ from those in Tables 673, 678, and 679]
Current dollars
State
1
Constant dollar estimates are computed by the U.S. Census Bureau using the national implicit price deflator for personal
consumption expenditures from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Any regional differences in the rate of inflation are not reflected
in these constant dollar estimates.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011, and unpublished data.
See also <http://www.bea.gov/regional/spi>.
444 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 681. Personal Income Per Capita in Current and Constant (2005)
Dollars by State: 1980 to 2010
[In dollars, except as indicated. 2010 preliminary. See headnote, Table 680]
Current dollars
State
X Not applicable. 1 Constant dollar estimates are computed by the U.S. Census Bureau using the national implicit price deflator
for personal consumption expenditures from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Any regional differences in the rate of inflation are
not reflected in these constant dollar estimates.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011, and unpublished data.
See also <http://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/spi>.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 445
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 682. Disposable Personal Income Per Capita in Current and Constant
(2005) Dollars by State: 1980 to 2010
[In dollars, except percent. 2010 preliminary. Disposable personal income is the income available to persons for spending or saving;
it is calculated as personal income less personal tax and nontax payments. See headnote, Table 680]
United States. . . . . . . .
1980
8,779
1990
16,985
2000
25,955
2010,
prel.
36,808
1980
18,822
1990
23,542
2000
28,911
2010,
prel.
33,125
Index,
compared to
U.S. average
2010,
2000
prel.
100.0
100.0
1
Constant dollar estimates are computed by the Census Bureau using the national implicit price deflator for personal
consumption expenditures from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Any regional differences in the rate of inflation are not reflected
in these constant dollar estimates.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011, earlier reports and
unpublished data. See also <http://www.bea.gov/regional/spi>.
446 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 683. Personal Income by Selected Large Metropolitan Area:
2005 to 2009
[10,476,669 represents $10,476,669,000,000. Metropolitan areas as defined December 2009. MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area.
See Appendix II. Minus sign (–) indicates decrease]
Personal income
Metropolitan areas ranked by
2009 population
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2011. See also <http://www.bea.gov/regional
/reis>.
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U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 684. Average Annual Expenditures of All Consumer Units by
Selected Major Types of Expenditure: 1990 to 2009
[In dollars, except as indicated (96,968 represents $96,968,000). Based on Consumer Expenditure Survey. Data are averages for
the noninstitutional population. Expenditures reported here are out-of-pocket. Consumer units include families, single persons living
alone or sharing a household with others but who are financially independent, or two or more persons living together who share
expenses]
Type of expenditure
Number of consumer units (1,000) . . . . . .
1
Includes expenditures not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2009, News Release, USDL-10-1390, October 2010.
See also <http://stats.bls.gov/cex/home.htm>.
Table 685. Average Annual Expenditures of All Consumer Units by
Metropolitan Area: 2008 to 2009
[In dollars. Covers 2-year period, 2008–2009. Metropolitan areas defined June 30, 1983: CMSA = Consolidated Metropolitan
Statistical Area; MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area; PMSA = Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area. See text, Section 1 and
Appendix II. See headnote, Table 684]
Housing
Metropolitan area
1
Includes expenditures not shown separately. 2 Includes public services.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2009, News Release, USDL-10-1390, October 2010.
See also <http://stats.bls.gov/cex/home.htm>.
448 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
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1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 People of Hispanic origin may be any race. 3 Includes other types, not shown
separately. 4 Data are likely to have large sampling errors. 5 For additional health care expenditures, see Table 143. 6 For additional
recreation expenditures, see Section 26.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2009, News Release, USDL-10-1390, October 2010.
See also <ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ce/standard/2009/race.txt>, <ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests
/ce/standard/2009/hispanic.txt>, and <ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ce/standard/2009/age.txt>.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 449
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
1
Includes other types not shown separately. 2 For additional health care expenditures, see Table 143. 3 For additional
recreation expenditures, see Section 26.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2009, News Release, USDL-10-1390, October 2010.
See also <ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ce/standard/2009/region.txt> and <ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ce
/standard/2009/cusize.txt>.
450 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 688. Average Annual Expenditures of All Consumer Units by
Income Level: 2009
[In dollars. See headnote, Table 684]
Housing
Income level
Pensions
and
Health
social
care security
3,126
5,162
2,541
3,679
4,158
4,723
4,385
4,399
5,242
2,173
6,536
7,977
14,887
10,292
12,919
20,207
Includes expenditures not shown separately. 2 Includes public service.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2009, News Release, USDL-10-1390, October 2010.
See also <ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ce/standard/2009/higherincome.txt>.
1
Table 689. Annual Expenditure Per Child by Husband-Wife Families by
Family Income and Expenditure Type: 2010
[In dollars. Data are for a child in a two-child family. Excludes expenses for college. Expenditures based on before tax income data
from the 2005–2006 Consumer Expenditure Survey updated to 2010 dollars using the Consumer Price Index. For more on the
methodology, see report cited below]
Expenditure type
Clothing
Health
care
Child care
and
education 1
Miscellaneous 2
Family income and age of child
TransporFood
tation
Total
Housing
INCOME: LESS THAN $57,600
Less than 2 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 to 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 to 8 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 to 11 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 17 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8,760
8,810
8,480
9,200
9,600
9,630
2,950
2,950
2,950
2,950
2,950
2,950
1,120
1,220
1,650
1,900
2,060
2,050
1,070
1,120
1,230
1,230
1,340
1,490
630
490
560
570
670
710
610
580
640
690
1,050
980
1,960
1,840
820
1,240
840
870
420
610
630
620
690
580
INCOME: $57,600 TO $99,730
Less than 2 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 to 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 to 8 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 to 11 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 17 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11,950
11,980
11,880
12,660
13,340
13,830
3,870
3,870
3,870
3,870
3,870
3,870
1,350
1,440
2,020
2,310
2,480
2,470
1,540
1,590
1,700
1,700
1,810
1,960
740
600
670
690
820
880
820
780
910
970
1,370
1,290
2,740
2,620
1,610
2,030
1,830
2,310
890
1,080
1,100
1,090
1,160
1,050
INCOME: MORE THAN $99,730
Less than 2 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 to 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 to 8 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 to 11 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 17 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19,820
19,810
19,770
20,630
21,960
23,690
7,010
7,010
7,010
7,010
7,010
7,010
1,830
1,930
2,540
2,880
3,070
3,060
2,330
2,370
2,490
2,490
2,600
2,750
1,030
860
950
990
1,150
1,250
950
900
1,040
1,110
1,570
1,480
4,890
4,770
3,750
4,170
4,510
6,200
1,780
1,970
1,990
1,980
2,050
1,940
1
Includes only families with child care and education expenses. 2 Expenses include personal care items, entertainment, and
reading materials.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Expenditures on Children by Families, 2010,
1528-2010, May 2011. See also <http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/CRC/crc2010.pdf>.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 451
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 690. Money Income of Households—Percent Distribution by Income
Level, Race, and Hispanic Origin, in Constant (2009) Dollars: 1990 to 2009
[Constant dollars based on CPI-U-RS deflator. Households as of March of following year. (94,312 represents 94,312,000).
Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section and Section 1,
and Appendix III. For data collection changes over time, see <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc/hstchg.html>.
For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
Year
ALL HOUSEHOLDS 1
1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2009 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHITE
1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2008 4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . .
2009 3, 4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK
1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2008 4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . .
2009 3, 4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . .
ASIAN AND
PACIFIC ISLANDER
1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2008 4, 7. . . . . . . . . . . . .
2009 3, 4, 7. . . . . . . . . . . .
HISPANIC 8
1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2009 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent distribution
$25,000
$35,000
$50,000
to
to
to
$34,999
$49,999
$74,999
Number
of households
(1,000)
Under
$15,000
$15,000
to
$24,999
94,312
108,209
117,181
117,538
14.0
12.1
13.4
13.0
11.8
11.1
12.0
11.9
11.2
10.5
11.0
11.1
15.7
14.5
14.1
14.1
20.0
18.4
17.6
18.1
12.2
12.7
11.9
11.5
15.0
20.6
19.9
20.1
47,637
52,301
50,112
49,777
80,968
90,030
95,297
95,489
12.0
10.8
11.8
11.4
11.5
10.8
11.7
11.6
11.1
10.3
10.7
10.8
16.0
14.4
14.0
14.2
20.6
18.6
18.1
18.7
12.9
13.2
12.5
12.0
16.0
21.9
21.1
21.4
49,686
54,700
52,113
51,861
10,671
13,174
14,595
14,730
29.1
21.0
23.6
23.5
15.1
14.4
15.0
15.4
12.2
12.9
13.7
13.4
14.4
15.4
15.0
14.6
15.4
17.2
14.9
15.1
7.3
8.8
8.1
8.7
6.4
10.3
9.6
9.3
29,712
36,952
34,088
32,584
1,958
3,963
4,573
4,687
10.6
9.3
12.1
11.7
9.5
7.7
8.7
7.9
8.2
7.4
8.2
8.2
12.5
12.4
12.1
11.1
20.9
16.9
15.1
16.9
14.0
14.8
12.6
11.8
24.4
31.5
31.2
32.4
61,170
69,448
65,388
65,469
6,220
10,034
13,425
13,298
19.7
14.5
17.8
16.5
16.5
15.1
14.8
15.2
12.9
12.6
14.5
14.3
17.6
17.6
16.4
15.4
18.2
18.9
16.2
17.6
7.8
10.4
9.0
9.1
7.4
11.0
11.3
11.7
35,525
41,312
37,769
38,039
$75,000 $100,000
to
and
$99,999
over
Median
income
(dollars)
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Data reflect implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and
a 28,000 household sample expansion to 78,000 households. 3 Median income is calculated using $2,500 income intervals.
Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000
or more. Medians falling in the upper open-ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval
was $100,000 and a plug of “$100,000” was used. 4 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), the questionnaire
allowed respondents to choose more than one race. For 2002 and later, data represent persons who selected this race group only
and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years allowed respondents to report only one race group. See
also comments on race in the text for Section 1. 5 Data represent White alone, which refers to people who reported White and did
not report any other race category. 6 Data represent Black alone, which refers to people who reported Black and did not report any
other race category. 7 Data represent Asian alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race
category. 8 People of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical Tables—Table H17, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/
income.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/index.html>.
Table 691. Money Income of Households—Median Income by Race and
Hispanic Origin, in Current and Constant (2009) Dollars: 1980 to 2009
[In dollars. See headnote, Table 690]
Year
1980. . . . . . . .
1990. . . . . . . .
1995 6 . . . . . .
2000 7, 8. . . . .
2005 9 . . . . . .
2006. . . . . . . .
2007. . . . . . . .
2008. . . . . . . .
2009 10. . . . . .
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 Beginning with 2002, data represents White alone, which
refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 3 Beginning with 2002, data represents Black alone,
which refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 4 Beginning with 2002, data represents
Asian alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 5 People of Hispanic origin
may be any race. 6 Data reflect full implementation of the 1990 census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000
household sample reduction, and revised race edits. 7 Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls. 8 Implementation
of a 28,000 household sample expansion. 9 See footnote 3, Table 690. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1.
10
Median income is calculated using $2,500 income intervals. Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the
upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more. Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was $100,000
and a plug of “$100,000.”
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and “Historical Tables—Table H-5,” September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income
/income.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/index.html>.
452 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 692. Money Income of Households—Distribution by Income Level and
Selected Characteristics: 2009
[117,538 represents 117,538,000. Households as of March of the following year. Based on Current Population Survey,
Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section and Section 1, and Appendix III. For definition of median,
see Guide to Tabular Presentation. Median income is calculated using $2,500 income intervals. Beginning with 2009 income data,
the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more. Medians falling in the
upper open-ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was $100,000 and a plug
of “$100,000” was used]
Number of households (1,000)
Characteristic
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age of householder:
15 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over . . . . . . . . .
Region: 1
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Size of household:
One person. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two people. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Three people. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Four people. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Five people . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Six people. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seven or more people. . . . . .
Type of household:
Family household. . . . . . . . . .
Married-couple. . . . . . . . . . .
Male householder,
spouse absent. . . . . . . . . .
Female householder,
spouse absent. . . . . . . . . .
Nonfamily household. . . . . . .
Male householder . . . . . . . .
Female householder. . . . . .
Educational attainment of
householder: 2
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than 9th grade. . . . . . . . .
9th to 12th grade
(no diploma). . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduate. . . . . . . .
Some college, no degree. . . . .
Associate’s degree . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree or more . . .
Bachelor’s degree. . . . . . . . .
Master’s degree. . . . . . . . . . .
Professional degree. . . . . . . .
Doctoral degree. . . . . . . . . . .
Number of earners:
No earners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
One earner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two earners and more . . . . . .
Two earners . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Three earners. . . . . . . . . . . .
Four earners or more. . . . . .
Work experience of
householder:
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Worked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Worked at full-time jobs . . . .
50 weeks or more . . . . . . . .
27 to 49 weeks . . . . . . . . . .
26 weeks or less. . . . . . . . .
Worked at part-time jobs. . . .
50 weeks or more . . . . . . . .
27 to 49 weeks . . . . . . . . . .
26 weeks or less. . . . . . . . .
Did not work. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tenure:
Owner occupied. . . . . . . . . . .
Renter occupied . . . . . . . . . .
Occupier paid no cash rent. .
Total
households
117,538
$75,000
to $100,000
$99,999 and over
13,549
23,749
For composition of regions, see map, inside front cover. 2 People 25 years old and over.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table HINC-01, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/hhinc/new01_000.htm>.
1
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 453
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 693. Money Income of Households—Number and Distribution by Race
and Hispanic Origin: 2009
[Households as of March of the following year. (117,538 represents 117,538,000). Based on Current Population Survey,
Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section and Section 1, and Appendix III. The 2009 CPS allowed
respondents to choose more than one race. Data represent persons who selected this race group only and excludes persons
reporting more than one race. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1]
Income interval
All households. . . . . . . . .
Number of households (1,000)
All
White
Black
Asian
races
alone
alone
alone
117,538 95,489 14,730
4,687
Hispanic 1
13,298
All
races
100.0
Percent distribution
White
Black
Asian
alone
alone
alone
100.0
100.0
100.0
$30,000 to $34,999. . . . . . . .
$35,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . .
$40,000 to $44,999. . . . . . . .
$45,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . .
$50,000 to $59,999. . . . . . . .
6,370
6,033
5,680
4,894
9,444
5,052
4,886
4,660
4,006
7,840
957
822
730
594
1,068
185
192
156
172
335
945
772
663
617
1,084
5.4
5.1
4.8
4.2
8.0
5.3
5.1
4.9
4.2
8.2
6.5
5.6
5.0
4.0
7.3
3.9
4.1
3.3
3.7
7.1
7.1
5.8
5.0
4.6
8.2
$60,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . .
$75,000 to $84,999. . . . . . . .
$85,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . .
$100,000 to $149,999. . . . . .
$150,000 to $199,999. . . . . .
$200,000 to $249,999. . . . . .
$250,000 and above. . . . . . .
11,836
6,347
7,202
14,034
5,209
2,135
2,372
9,987
5,326
6,107
12,081
4,505
1,852
2,048
1,152
662
625
928
261
79
95
457
245
308
790
362
166
197
1,258
589
626
1,042
289
115
116
10.1
5.4
6.1
11.9
4.4
1.8
2.0
10.5
5.6
6.4
12.7
4.7
1.9
2.1
7.8
4.5
4.2
6.3
1.8
0.5
0.6
9.8
5.2
6.6
16.9
7.7
3.5
4.2
9.5
4.4
4.7
7.8
2.2
0.9
0.9
Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table HINC-06, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/hhinc/new06_000.htm>.
1
Table 694. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5
Percent of Households: 1970 to 2009
[Households as of March of the following year, (64,778 represents 64,778,000). Income in constant 2009 CPI-U-RS-adjusted
dollars. The shares method ranks households from highest to lowest on the basis of income and then divides them into groups of
equal population size, typically quintiles. The aggregate income of each group is then divided by the overall aggregate income to
derive shares. Based on the Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section
and Section 1, and Appendix III. For data collection changes over time, see <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data
/historical/history.html>]
1
Data reflect full implementation of the 1990 census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household
sample reduction, and revised race edits. 2 Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls. 3 Implementation of a
28,000 household sample expansion. 4 Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical Tables—Tables H1 and H2, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/income/income.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/index.html>.
454 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 695. Money Income of Families—Number and Distribution by Race and
Hispanic Origin: 2009
[Families as of March of the following year. (78,867 represents 78,867,000). Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social
and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section, Section 1, and Appendix III. The 2010 CPS allowed respondents to
choose more than one race. Data represent persons who selected this race group only and excludes persons reporting more than
one race. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1]
Income interval
All families 1. . . . . . . . .
Under $10,000. . . . . . . . . .
$10,000 to $14,999. . . . . .
$15,000 to $19,999. . . . . .
$20,000 to $24,999. . . . . .
$25,000 to $29,999. . . . . .
$30,000 to $34,999. . . . . .
$35,000 to $39,999. . . . . .
$40,000 to $44,999. . . . . .
$45,000 to $49,999. . . . . .
$50,000 to $59,999. . . . . .
$60,000 to $74,999. . . . . .
$75,000 to $84,999. . . . . .
$85,000 to $99,999. . . . . .
$100,000 to $149,999. . . .
$150,000 to $199,999. . . .
$200,000 to $249,999. . . .
$250,000 and above. . . . .
Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table FINC-07, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/faminc/new07_000.htm>.
1
Percent distribution
$25,000 $35,000 $50,000
to
to
to
$34,999 $49,999 $74,999
Number
of
families
(1,000)
Under
$15,000
$15,000
to
$24,999
66,322
73,778
78,874
78,867
8.7
7.0
8.4
8.7
9.4
8.6
9.2
9.1
10.3
9.3
9.9
10.0
15.6
14.3
13.7
13.8
22.5
19.8
19.3
19.4
14.6
15.1
14.2
13.5
19.1
26.2
26.0
25.6
54,369
61,083
61,521
60,088
56,803
61,330
64,183
64,145
6.6
5.7
6.9
7.2
8.7
7.9
8.5
8.4
10.0
9.0
9.5
9.5
15.8
14.2
13.4
13.8
23.3
20.1
19.8
19.9
15.4
15.8
15.0
14.1
20.4
27.7
27.5
27.0
56,771
63,849
65,000
62,545
7,471
8,731
9,359
9,367
23.9
15.7
18.2
18.0
14.7
14.0
14.4
14.5
12.5
12.8
12.8
13.3
14.4
15.8
15.3
15.2
17.5
18.7
16.6
16.4
8.8
10.3
9.8
10.6
8.2
13.0
13.4
12.1
32,946
40,547
39,879
38,409
1,536
2,982
3,494
3,592
8.1
6.2
7.7
6.9
7.8
6.4
7.2
7.0
8.2
6.4
7.6
7.9
11.6
11.7
12.8
10.4
21.2
17.3
16.0
17.7
15.0
15.5
13.0
12.3
28.5
37.0
36.6
37.7
64,969
75,393
73,578
75,027
4,981
8,017
10,503
10,422
17.0
12.8
15.5
15.2
16.3
14.6
14.6
14.7
13.6
13.0
14.1
14.3
17.3
18.1
16.8
16.0
19.1
19.4
17.2
17.9
8.5
10.5
9.6
9.5
8.2
12.0
12.5
12.4
36,034
41,469
40,466
39,730
$75,000
to $100,000
$99,999 and over
Median
income
(dollars)
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Data reflect implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and
a 28,000 household sample expansion to 78,000 households. 3 Median income is calculated using $2,500 income intervals.
Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000
or more. Medians falling in the upper open-ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval
was $100,000 and a plug of “$100,000” was used. 4 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), the questionnaire
allowed respondents to choose more than one race. For 2002 and later, data represent persons who selected this race group only
and excludes persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years allowed respondents to report only one race group.
See also comments on race in the text for Section 1. 5 Data represent White alone, which refers to people who reported White and
did not report any other race category. 6 Data represent Black alone, which refers to people who reported Black and did not report
any other race category. 7 Data represent Asian alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race
category. 8 People of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical Tables—Table F-23, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income
/income.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/families/index.html>.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 455
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning with 2002, data represent White alone, which refers to people who
reported White and did not report any other race category. 3 Beginning with 2002, data represent Black alone, which refers to
people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 4 Beginning with 2002, data represent Asian alone, which
refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 5 People of Hispanic origin may be any race.
6
Data reflect full implementation of the 1990 census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household sample
reduction, and revised race edits. 7 Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls. 8 Implementation of 28,000
household sample expansion. 9 See footnote 4, Table 696. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1. 10 Data have been
revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC. 11 Median income is calculated using $2,500 income intervals.
Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000
or more. Medians falling in the upper open-ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval
was $100,000 and a plug of “$100,000” was used.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical Tables—Table F-05, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income
/income.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/families/index.html>.
Table 698. Money Income of Families—Distribution by Family Characteristics
and Income Level: 2009
[78,867 represents 78,867,000. See headnote, Table 696. Median income is calculated using $2,500 income intervals. Beginning
with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more.
Medians falling in the upper open-ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was
$100,000 and a plug of “$100,000” was used. For composition of regions, see map inside front cover]
Characteristic
All families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age of householder:
15 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Region:
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Type of family:
Married-couple families. . . . . . . . . . . .
Male householder, no spouse present.
Female householder, no spouse
present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrelated subfamilies . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational attainment of householder:
Persons 25 years old and over,
total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than 9th grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9th to 12th grade (no diploma) . . . . . . .
High school graduate (includes
equivalency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college, no degree. . . . . . . . . . . .
Associate’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Master’s degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Doctoral degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Number of earners:
No earners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
One earner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two earners or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Number of families (1,000)
$15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000
Median
Under
to
to
to
to
to $100,000 income
Total $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 and over (dollars)
78,867
6,827
7,194
7,863 10,898 15,260 10,668 20,157 60,088
3,405
13,102
17,067
18,176
13,711
13,405
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table FINC-01, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/faminc/new01_000.htm>.
456 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 699. Median Income of Families by Type of Family in Current and
Constant (2009) Dollars: 1990 to 2009
[In dollars. See headnote, Table 696. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
Current dollars
Married-couple families
Year
1
Data reflect full implementation of the 1990 census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household
sample reduction, and revised race edits. 2 Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls. 3 Implementation of a
28,000 household sample expansion. 4 Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC. 5 Median
income is calculated using $2,500 income intervals. Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper
income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more. Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was $100,000.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical Tables—Table F-7, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income
/income.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/families/index.html>.
Table 700. Married-Couple Families—Number and Median Income by Work
Experience of Husbands and Wives and Presence of Related Children: 2009
[58,428 represents 58,428,000. See headnote, Table 696. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
Number (1,000)
Median income (dollars)
One or more related chilOne or more related children under 18 years old
dren under 18 years old
All
With no
Two married- With no
Two
related
One children couple related
One children
children
Total
child or more families children
Total
child or more
32,309 26,119 10,273 15,846 71,627 67,376 76,649 78,682 75,703
20,621 24,008
9,232 14,776 83,267 87,091 80,646 82,594 78,764
15,247 17,121
7,089 10,032 91,320 94,201 89,128 90,498 88,032
5,374
6,887
2,142
4,745 59,686 65,642 54,532 52,094 55,666
15,321
11,668
3,653
11,688
3,271
8,417
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table FINC-04, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/faminc/new04_000.htm>.
Table 701. Median Income of People in Constant (2009) Dollars by Sex, Race,
and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 2009
[In dollars. People as of March of following year. People 15 years old and over. Constant dollars based on CPI-U-RS deflator. Based
on the Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section and Section 1 and
Appendix III. For data collection changes over time, see <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/history.html>]
Race and Hispanic
Origin
All races 4. . . . . . . . .
White 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic 8. . . . . . . . . . . .
White non-Hispanic. . . .
1990
32,284
33,680
20,472
(NA)
21,430
34,933
2000 1
35,303
37,114
26,584
(NA)
24,286
39,245
Male
2005 2
34,362
35,355
24,889
37,592
24,269
38,834
NA Not available. 1 Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and sample expanded by 28,000 households.
Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), the questionnaire allowed respondents to choose more than one race.
For 2005 and later, data represent persons who selected this race group only and excludes persons reporting more than one race.
The CPS in prior years allowed respondents to report only one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1.
3
Median income is calculated using $2,500 income intervals. Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded
the upper income intervals used to calculate medians to $250,000 or more. Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was
$100,000. 4 Includes other races not shown separately. 5 Beginning with 2005, data represent White alone, which refers to people
who reported White and did not report any other race category. 6 Beginning with 2005, data represent Black alone, which refers to
people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 7 Beginning with 2005, data represent Asian alone, which
refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 8 People of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical Tables—Table P-2, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income
/income.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/people/index.html>.
2
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 457
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 702. Money Income of People—Selected Characteristics by Income
Level: 2009
[People as of March 2010 (117,728 represents 117,728,000). Covers people 15 years old and over. Median income in constant
dollars based on CPI-U-RS deflator. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. Median income is calculated
using $2,500 income intervals. Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to
calculate medians to $250,000 or more. Medians falling in the upper open-ended interval are plugged with “$250,000.” Before 2009,
the upper open-ended interval was $100,000 and a plug of “$100,000” was used. For composition of regions, see map, inside front
cover. Based on the Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC), see Appendix III]
Characteristic
MALE
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
All
persons
Total Under
(1,000) (1,000) $5,000 1
7,467
7,483
8,994
17,278
14,085
16,106
16,571
17,041
32,184
15 to 24 years old
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . .
People with income
Number (1,000)
Median
$5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $25,000 $35,000 $50,000 $75,000 income
to
to
to
to
to
to
and (current
$9,999 $14,999 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999
over dollars)
15 to 24 years old . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . .
Includes persons with income deficit. 2 Persons 25 years and over. 3 No diploma attained. 4 Includes high school equivalency.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table PINC-01, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/perinc/new01_000.htm>
1
458 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 703. Average Earnings of Year-Round, Full-Time Workers by
Educational Attainment: 2009
[In dollars. For people 18 years old and over as of March 2010. See headnote, Table 701]
Sex and age
Male, total. . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years old . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . .
Female, total. . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years old . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . .
Bachelor’s
degree
or more
92,815
42,299
67,555
98,045
109,163
99,572
88,853
62,198
32,103
52,102
65,881
69,698
67,683
B Base figure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of derived figure. 1 Includes equivalency.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, series P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table PINC-04, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/perinc/new04_000.htm>.
Table 704. Per Capita Money Income in Current and Constant (2009) Dollars
by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 2009
[In dollars. Constant dollars based on CPI-U-RS deflator. People as of March of following year. Based on the Current Population
Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section, Section 1, and Appendix III. For data collection
changes over time, see <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/history.html>]
Year
1990. . . . . . . .
1995 6 . . . . . .
2000 7, 8 . . . . .
2005 9, 10. . . . .
2006. . . . . . . .
2007. . . . . . . .
2008. . . . . . . .
2009 11. . . . . .
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 Beginning with 2003, data represents White alone, which
refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 3 Beginning with 2003, data represents Black
alone, which refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 4 Beginning with 2003, data
represents Asian alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 5 People of
Hispanic origin may be any race. 6 Data reflect full implementation of the 1990 census-based sample design and metropolitan
definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised race edits. 7 Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls.
8
Implementation of a 28,000 household sample expansion. 9 See footnote 4, Table 696. See also comments on race in the text for
Section 1. 10 Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC. 11 Median income is calculated using
$2,500 income intervals. Beginning with 2009 income data, the Census Bureau expanded the upper income intervals used to
calculate medians to $250,000 or more. Before 2009, the upper open-ended interval was $100,000.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical Tables—Table P-1, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income
/income.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/people/index.html>.
Table 705. Money Income of People—Number by Income Level and by Sex,
Race, and Hispanic Origin: 2009
[In thousands (117,728 represents 117,728,000). People as of March of the following year. Based on Current Population Survey,
Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Income interval
All households. . . . . . . . . .
Under $10,000 3. . . . . . . . . . . .
$10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . .
$20,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . .
$30,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . .
$40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . .
$50,000 to $59,999. . . . . . . . .
$60,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . .
$75,000 to $84,999. . . . . . . . .
$85,000 to $99,999. . . . . . . . .
$100,000 to $149,999. . . . . . .
$150,000 to $199,999. . . . . . .
$200,000 to $249,999. . . . . . .
$250,000 and above. . . . . . . .
1
Includes races not shown separately. 2 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 3 Includes persons without income.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table PINC-11, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/perinc/new11_000.htm>.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 459
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 706. Household Income—Distribution by Income Level and State: 2009
[In thousands (113,616 represents 113,616,000), except as indicated. The American Community Survey universe includes
the household population and the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample
and subject to sampling variability; see text, Section 1 and Appendix III. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
State
Number of households (1,000)
$25,000
$50,000
$75,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000
to
to
to
to
to
or
$49,999
$74,999
$99,999 $149,999 $199,999
more
28,510
20,841
13,687
13,332
4,712
4,468
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey, B19001, “Household Income in the Past 12 Months” and
B19013, “Median Household Income in the Past 12 Months (In 2009 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars),” <http://factfinder.census.gov/>,
accessed January 2011.
460 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 707. Family Income—Distribution by Income Level and State: 2009
[In thousands (75,531 represents 75,531,000), except as indicated. The American Community Survey universe includes
the household population and the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample
and subject to sampling variability; see text, Section 1 and Appendix III. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
Number of families (1,000)
$50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000
to
to
to
to
and
$74,999 $99,999 $149,999 $199,999
over
14,988
10,852
11,161
4,041
3,859
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey, B19101, “Family Income in the Past 12 Months” and
B19113, “Median Family Income in the Past 12 Months (In 2009 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars),” <http://factfinder.census.gov/>,
accessed January 2011.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 461
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
1
See headnote, Table 709. 2 Data shown for census designated place (CDP). 3 Represents the portion of a consolidated city
that is not within one or more separately incorporated places.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey, B19013, B19113, B19301, B17001, and B17010,
<http://factfinder.census.gov/>, accessed January 2011.
462 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 709. Individuals and Families Below Poverty Level—Number and Rate
by State: 2000 and 2009
[In thousands (33,311 represents 33,311,000), except as indicated. Represents number and percent below poverty in the past
12 months. Prior to 2006, the American Community Survey universe was limited to the household population and excluded the
population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Poverty status was determined for all people except
institutionalized people, people in military group quarters, people in college dormitories, and unrelated individuals under 15 years
old. These groups were excluded from the numerator and denominator when calculating poverty rates. Based on a sample and
subject to sampling variability; see Appendix III]
State
United States. . . . . . . . .
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey, B17001, “Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex and
Age” and B17010, “Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months of Families by Family Type by Presence of Related Children under
18 Years by Age of Related Children,” <http://factfinder.census.gov/>, accessed January 2011.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 463
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 710. Poverty Thresholds by Size of Family Unit: 1980 to 2009
[In dollars per year. For information on the official poverty thresholds; see text, this section. For more on poverty,
see <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/measure.html>]
Size of family unit
One person (unrelated individual) 2. . . . .
Under 65 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Householder under 65 years old. . . . . .
Householder 65 years old and over. . . .
Three persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Four persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Five persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Six persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seven persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eight persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nine or more persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and sample expanded by 28,000 households. 2 A person living
alone or with non-relatives.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-236, and Historical Tables—Table 1, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty
.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/historical/people.html>.
Table 711. People Below Poverty Level and Below 125 Percent of Poverty
Level by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1980 to 2009
[29,272 represents 29,272,000. People as of March of the following year. Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social
and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section, Section 1, and Appendix III. For data collection changes over time,
see <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/history.html>]
Number of persons below poverty
(1,000)
Year
Percent
of total
population
18.1
18.7
17.5
17.3
18.0
18.9
19.7
20.0
19.3
18.5
18.5
17.8
17.0
16.3
15.6
16.1
16.5
16.9
17.1
16.8
16.8
17.0
17.9
18.7
NA Not available. 1 Includes those in poverty, plus those who have income above poverty but less than 1.25 times their
poverty threshold. 2 Includes other races, not shown separately. 3 Beginning 2002, data represent White alone, which refers to
people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 4 Beginning 2002, data represent Black alone, which refers
to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 5 Beginning 2002, data represent Asian alone, which
refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 6 People of Hispanic origin may be any race.
7
Implementation of 1990 census population controls. 8 The March 1994 income supplement was revised to allow for the coding
of different income amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories:
earnings increased to $999,999; social security increased to $49,999; supplemental security income and public assistance
increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony decreased to $49,999. 9 Implementation
of Census-2000-based population controls. 10 Implementation of sample expansion by 28,000 households. 11 Beginning with
the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), the questionnaire allowed respondents to choose more than one race. For 2002 and
later, data represent persons who selected this race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in
prior years allowed respondents to report only one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1.12 Data have
been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, series P60-238, and Historical Tables—Tables 2 and 6, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes
/www/poverty/poverty.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/historical/people.html>.
464 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 712. Children Below Poverty Level by Race and Hispanic Origin:
1980 to 2009
[11,114 represents 11,114,000. Persons as of March of the following year. Covers only related children in families under 18 years
old. Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section, Section 1, and
Appendix III. For data collection changes over time, see <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/history
.html>]
Year
1980. . . . . . . .
1985. . . . . . . .
1990. . . . . . . .
1991. . . . . . . .
1992 6 . . . . . .
1993 7 . . . . . .
1994. . . . . . . .
1995. . . . . . . .
1996. . . . . . . .
1997. . . . . . . .
1998. . . . . . . .
1999 8 . . . . . .
2000 9 . . . . . .
2001. . . . . . . .
2002 10. . . . . .
2003. . . . . . . .
2004 11. . . . . .
2005. . . . . . . .
2006. . . . . . . .
2007. . . . . . . .
2008. . . . . . . .
2009. . . . . . . .
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2002, data represent White alone, which refers to
people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 3 Beginning 2002, data represent Black alone, which refers
to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 4 Beginning 2002, data represent Asian alone, which
refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 5 People of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
6
Implementation of 1990 census population controls. 7 The March 1994 income supplement was revised to allow for the coding
of different income amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories:
earnings increased to $999,999; social security increased to $49,999; supplemental security income and public assistance
increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony decreased to $49,999. 8 Implementation
of Census 2000-based population controls. 9 Implementation of sample expansion to 28,000 households. 10 Beginning with the
2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), the questionnaire allowed respondents to choose more than one race. For 2002 and later,
data represent persons who selected this race group only and excludes persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior
years allowed respondents to report only one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1. 11 Data have been
revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical Tables—Table 3, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty
.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/historical/people.html>.
Table 713. People Below Poverty Level by Selected Characteristics: 2009
[43,569 represents 43,569,000. People as of March 2010. Based on Current Population Survey (CPS); see text, this section and
Section 1, and Appendix III. The 2010 CPS allowed respondents to choose more than one race. For 2009, data represent persons
who selected this race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years allowed respondents
to report only one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1. For composition of regions, see map, inside
front cover]
Sex, age, region, nativity
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Under 18 years old . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . .
55 to 59 years old . . . . . . . . .
60 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . . .
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . .
75 years old and over . . . . .
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign born . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Naturalized citizen. . . . . . . .
Not a citizen. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Tables POV01, POV29, and POV41. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/pov/toc.htm>.
1
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 465
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 714. Work Experience of People During 2009 by Poverty Status, Sex,
and Age: 2009
[99,306 represents 99,306,000. Covers only persons 16 years old and over. Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social
and Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Worked full-time year-round
Did not work full-time year-round
Below poverty level
Below poverty level
Number
Number
Number
Number
(1,000)
(1,000)
Percent
(1,000)
(1,000)
Percent
Sex and age
BOTH SEXES
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years old . . . . . . .
18 to 64 years old . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years old . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . .
35 to 54 years old . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . .
MALE
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years old . . . . . . .
18 to 64 years old . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years old . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . .
35 to 54 years old . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . .
FEMALE
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years old . . . . . . .
18 to 64 years old . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years old . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . .
35 to 54 years old . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . .
Did not work
Below poverty level
Number
Number
(1,000)
(1,000)
Percent
– Represents zero. B Base figure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of a derived figure.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Table POV22, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www
/cpstables/032010/pov/new22_100.htm>.
Table 715. Families Below Poverty Level and Below 125 Percent of Poverty
by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1980 to 2009
[6,217 represents 6,217,000. Families as of March of the following year. Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social and
Economic Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section and Section 1, and Appendix III. For data collection changes over time, see
<http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/history.html>]
Number of families below poverty (1,000)
Year
NA Not available. 1 See footnote 1, Table 711. 2 Includes other races, not shown separately. 3 Beginning 2002, data represent
White alone, which refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 4 Beginning 2002, data
represent Black alone, which refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 5 Beginning 2002,
data represent Asian alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 6 People of
Hispanic origin may be any race. 7 Implementation of a 28,000 household sample expansion. 8 Beginning with the 2003 Current
Population Survey (CPS), the questionnaire allowed respondents to choose more than one race. For 2002 and later, data represent
persons who selected this race group only and excludes persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years allowed
respondents to report only one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1, Population. 9 Data have been
revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Historical and Detailed Tables—Tables 4 and POV04, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov
/hhes/www/poverty/poverty.html> and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/historical/families.html>.
466 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 716. Families Below Poverty Level by Selected Characteristics: 2009
[8,792 represents 8,792,000. Families as of March 2010. Based on Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic
Supplement (ASEC); see text, this section and Section 1, and Appendix III. The 2010 CPS allowed respondents to choose more
than one race. For 2009, data represent persons who selected this race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one
race. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1. For composition of regions, see map, inside front cover]
Characteristic
Total families. . . . . . . . . .
Number below poverty level (1,000)
All
White
Black
Asian
Hisraces 1
alone
alone
alone panic 2
8,792
5,994
2,125
337
2,369
All
races 1
11.1
Percent below poverty level
White
Black
Asian
alone
alone
alone
9.3
22.7
9.4
Hispanic 2
22.7
Age of householder:
15 to 24 years old . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . .
65 years old and over . . . . .
Type of family:
Married couple. . . . . . . . . . .
Male householder,
no spouse present. . . . . . .
Female householder,
no spouse present. . . . . . .
Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 Hispanic persons may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, Current Population
Reports, P60-238, and Detailed Tables—Tables POV04 and POV44, September 2010. See also <http://www.census.gov/hhes
/www/cpstables/032010/pov/toc.htm>.
1
Table 717. Top Wealth Holders With Gross Assets of $1.5 Million or More—
Debts, Mortgages, and Net Worth: 2004
[2,728 represents 2,728,000. Net worth is defined as assets minus liabilities. Figures are estimates based on a sample of federal
estate tax returns (Form 706). Based on the estate multiplier technique; for more information on this methodology, see source]
Sex and net worth
Both sexes, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Size of net worth:
Under $1.5 million 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1.5 million under $2.0 million. . . . . . . . .
$2.0 million under $3.5 million. . . . . . . . .
$3.5 million under $5.0 million. . . . . . . . .
$5.0 million under $10.0 million. . . . . . . .
$10.0 million under $20.0 million. . . . . . .
$20.0 million or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total assets
Number of
top wealth
holders
Amount 1
(1,000)
(mil. dol.)
2,728
11,076,759
Debts and mortgages
Number of
top wealth
holders
Amount
(1,000)
(mil. dol.)
2,099
850,622
Net worth
Number of
top wealth
holders
Amount
(1,000)
(mil. dol.)
2,728
10,201,246
1
Includes other types of assets, not shown separately. 2 Includes individuals with zero net worth.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division, “SOI Data Tables,” July 2008,
<http://www.irs.gov/taxstats/indtaxstats/article/0,,id=96426,00.html>.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 467
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 718. Top Wealth Holders With Gross Assets of $1.5 Million or More
by Type of Property, Sex, and Size of Net Worth: 2004
[2,728 represents 2,728,000. Net worth is defined as assets minus liabilities. Figures are estimates based on a sample of federal
estate tax returns (Form 706). Based on the estate multiplier technique; for more information on this methodology, see source]
Number of
top wealth
holders
(1,000)
2,728
Sex and net worth
Both sexes, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Size of net worth:
Under $1.5 million 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$1.5 million under $2.0 million. . . . . . . . . .
$2.0 million under $3.5 million. . . . . . . . . .
$3.5 million under $5.0 million. . . . . . . . . .
$5.0 million under $10.0 million. . . . . . . . .
$10.0 million under $20.0 million. . . . . . . .
$20.0 million or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
Includes other types of assets, not shown separately. 2 Includes individuals with zero net worth.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division, “SOI Data Tables,” July 2008, <http://www.irs.gov/taxstats
/indtaxstats/article/0,,id=96426,00.html>.
Includes U.S. territories and possessions.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division, “SOI Data Tables,” July 2008, <http://www.irs.gov/taxstats
/indtaxstats/article/0,,id=96426,00.html>.
1
468 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Table 720. Nonfinancial Assets Held by Families by Type of Asset: 2007
[221.5 represents $221,500. Families include one-person units and, as used in this table, are more comparable to the U.S. Census
Bureau’s household concept. Based on Survey of Consumer Finance; see Appendix III and <http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs
/oss/oss2/papers/measurement.pdf>. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. For data on financial assets,
see Table 1170]
Family characteristic
Any
financial
or nonfinancial
asset
Any
nonfinancial
asset
Vehicles
Primary
residence
Other
residential
property
Equity
in
nonresidential
property
Business
equity
Other
asset
PERCENT OF FAMILIES
HOLDING ASSET
All families, total . . . . . . . . . . .
97.7
92.0
87.0
68.6
13.7
8.1
13.6
7.2
Age of family head:
Under 35 years old . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
75 years old and over . . . . . . . .
97.1
96.9
97.6
99.1
98.4
98.1
88.2
91.3
95.0
95.6
94.5
87.3
85.4
87.5
90.3
92.2
90.6
71.5
40.7
66.1
77.3
81.0
85.5
77.0
5.6
12.0
15.7
20.9
18.9
13.4
3.2
7.5
9.5
11.5
12.3
6.8
8.0
18.2
17.2
18.1
11.2
4.5
5.9
5.5
8.7
8.5
9.1
5.8
Race or ethnicity or respondent:
White non-Hispanic. . . . . . . . . .
Non-White or Hispanic. . . . . . . .
Age of family head:
Under 35 years old . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . .
75 years old and over . . . . . . . .
38.8
222.3
306.0
347.0
303.3
219.3
30.9
182.6
224.9
233.1
212.2
157.1
13.3
17.4
18.7
17.4
14.6
9.4
175.0
205.0
230.0
210.0
200.0
150.0
85.0
150.0
150.0
157.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
50.0
80.0
90.0
75.0
110.0
35.0
59.0
76.8
100.0
300.0
225.0
8.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
Race or ethnicity of respondent:
White non-Hispanic. . . . . . . . . .
Non-White or Hispanic. . . . . . . .
B Base too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of derived figure. 1 Median value of asset for families holding such
assets.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “2007 Survey of Consumer Finances,” May 2009,
<http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/oss/oss2/2007/scf2007home.html>.
Table 721. Family Net Worth—Mean and Median Net Worth in Constant (2007)
Dollars by Selected Family Characteristics: 1998 to 2007
[Net worth in thousands of constant (2007) dollars (359.7 represents $359,700). Constant dollar figures are based on consumer
price index for all urban consumers published by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Families include one-person units and as used in
this table are comparable to the U.S. Census Bureau’s household concept. Based on Survey of Consumer Finance;
see Appendix III. For definition of mean and median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
Family characteristic
1998
2001
2004
2007
All families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mean
359.7
Median
91.3
Mean
464.4
Median
101.2
Mean
492.3
Median
102.2
Mean
556.3
Median
120.3
Age of family head:
Under 35 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . .
81.3
249.9
461.5
677.6
594.2
395.7
11.6
80.8
134.5
162.8
186.5
159.9
106.1
303.7
568.4
856.0
793.5
548.6
13.7
90.7
155.4
216.8
207.9
181.6
80.7
328.6
596.1
926.7
758.8
580.0
15.6
76.2
158.9
273.1
208.8
179.1
106.0
325.6
661.2
935.8
1,015.2
638.2
11.8
86.6
182.5
253.7
239.4
213.5
Race or ethnicity of respondent:
White non-Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-White or Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . .
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “2007 Survey of Consumer Finances,” May 2009,
<http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/oss/oss2/2007/scf2007home.html>.
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth 469
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
1
Includes types of assets and/or liabilities not shown separately. 2 At market value. 3 Includes all types of owner-occupied
housing including farm houses and mobile homes, as well as second homes that are not rented, vacant homes for sale, and vacant
4
land. At replacement (current) cost. 5 GSE = Government-sponsored enterprises. 6 Value based on the market values of equities
held and the book value of other assets held by mutual funds. 7 Net worth of noncorporate business and owners’ equity in farm
business and unincorporated security brokers and dealers. 8 Includes loans made under home equity lines of credit and home
equity loans secured by junior liens.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, "Federal Reserve Statistical Release, Z.1, Flow of Funds
Accounts of the United States," March 2011, <http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/Current/>.
NA Not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, August 2010. See also <http://www.bea.gov
/national/FA2004/SelectTable.asp>.
470 Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012