Vehicle Accident Prevention Using Eye Blink Sensor
Content
Vehicle Accident Prevention Using eye Blink Sensor
Abstract:
Now a day’s accidents are increasing at a large pace, and various technologies are being introduced to reduce the accidents. In this project we provide means of accident prevention using eye blink wherein the vehicle is stopped immediately and intimated wherever needed. In this project we have two sections. One is transmitter section which is located in the vehicle and another one is Receiver section located in remote place !olice station, near ones, etc". In the transmitter section the eye blink sensor is placed near the eye to sense the blink count and this information is transmitted in the form of pulses and is given to the #icrocontroller. $he #icrocontroller uses this information to compare with the normal eye blink programmed in the chip and if any abnormal situation arises the vehicle is stopped with an alarm indication, this operation is enabled by means of the driver circuit connected to the vehicle motor and the signal is transmitted via R%&transmitter at the fre'uency of ()).*+ #,-. In the Receiver side the transmitted signal is received and the signal is decoded and given to the #icrocontroller, which uses this information for displaying the alert message in the ./0 as programmed, simultaneously a bu--er alert is given.
Block Diagram
Transmitter
6larm
R% $ransmitter
1ye-2link .evel 3ensing
Interfacing circuit
#icro /ontroller
3ignal 1ncoder
!ower 3upply 4ehicle #otor 0river 5nit
Receiver
R% Receiver #icro /ontroller 3ignal 0ecoder
Relay with 0river
2u--er 6lert
./0
!ower 3upply
HARD AR! R!"U#R!$!%TS 7 7 7 7 S&'T 7 7 #icrocontroller 5nit and !ower 3upply ./0 6larm unit R% transmitter and receiver AR! R!"U#R!$!%TS 1mbedded / 8eil /ompiler
(#ST &' HARD AR! $&DU(!S: $&DU(! ): Po*er S+,,ly -or ./0) $icrocontroller $&DU(! 1: !ncoder $&DU(! 2: R' Transmitter $&DU(! 3: Decoder $&DU(! 0: R' Receiver
$&DU(! 4: Relay $&DU(! 5: (i6+id 7rystal Dis,lay 8(7D9 $&DU(! .: Re-erence $od+le ): Po*er S+,,ly -or ./0) $icrocontroller
$his section describes how to generate 9:4 0/ power supply
$he power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant output regulated power supply for successful working of the project. 6 ;&<+4=< m6 transformer is used for this purpose. $he primary of this transformer is connected in to main supply through on=off switch> fuse for protecting from overload and short circuit protection. $he secondary is connected to the diodes to
convert <+4 6/ to <+4 0/ voltage. 6nd filtered by the capacitors, which is further regulated to 9:v, by using I/ ?@;:
$icrocontroller
6 microcontroller also microcontroller unit, #/5 or A/" is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple /!5 combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers and etc. #icrocontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, and toys.
./.) schematic
$he input and output device or connected to port pins of the controller. $ypical input and output devices include switches, relays, solenoids, .10s, small or custom ./0 displays, radio fre'uency devices, and sensors for data such as temperature, humidity, light level etc. $he device, such as B3#, B!3 and R%I0 are interfaced to the controller via serial communication i.e. $C and RC pins.
$od+le 1: !%7&D!R
$he ,$&<+1 I/ encodes <+&bits of information and serially transmits this data on receipt of a $ransmit 1nable and a .OD signal on pin&<( =$1. !in&<? the 0EO5$ pin of the ,$&<+1 serially transmits whatever data is available on pins <;, <<, <+ and <), or 0;, 0<, 0+ and 0).
$od+le 2: R' TRA%S$#TT!R
$he $D3&()( transmitter accepts both linear and digital inputs can operate from <.: to <+ 4olts&0/, and makes building a miniature hand&held R% transmitter very easy. $he !+E;, !+E<, !+E+ and !+E) pin of controller is assumed as data transmit pins. $he 06$6EO5$ pin of encoder is connected to the 06$6EIN pin of R% $ransmitter and then the R% $ransmitter transmits the data to the receiver.
7irc+it
$od+le 3: D!7&D!R
$he +<+ series of decoders are capable of decoding information’s that consist of N bits of address and <+EN bits of data. Of this series, the ,$<+0 is
arranged to provide @ address bits and ( data bits, and ,$<+% is used to decode <+ bits of address information. $he 4$, or valid transmission pin of the ,$&<+0 could signal the microcontroller to grab the (&bits of data from the data output pins.
$od+le 0: R' R!7!#V!R
$he receiver also operates at ()).*+#,-, and has a sensitivity of )u4. $he $D3&()( receiver operates from (.: to :.: volts&0/, and has both linear and digital outputs. $he !+E;, !+E<, !+E+ and !+E) pin of controller is assumed as data transmit pins. $he 06$6EO5$ pin of R% $ransmitter is connected to the 06$6EIN pin of 01/O01R and then the data is processed by the decoder.
7irc+it
$od+le 4: R!(A:
<. 6 relay is an electrically operated switch. +. 1lectric current through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. ). $he coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and they are double&throw changeover" switches.
(. 6 simple electromagnetic relay, such as the one taken from a car in the first picture, is an adaptation of an electromagnet. :. It consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic fluF, a movable iron armature, and a set, or sets, of contacts. G. $he armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts. It is held in place by a spring so that when the relay is de&energi-ed there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. ?. In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open. @. $he !;E;, !;E<, !;E+ and !;E) pin of controller is assumed as data transmit pins to the relay through relay driver 5.N +;;). 5.N +;;) is just like a current driver.
7irc+it
$od+le 5:
(i6+id crystal dis,lays
$he ./0 standard re'uires ) control lines and @ I=O lines for the data bus. 7 . data ,ins D5:D/ 2i&directional data=command pins. 6lphanumeric characters are sent in 63/II format.
7 RS: Register Select R3 H ; &I /ommand Register is selected R3 H < &I 0ata Register is selected
7 R; : Read or
rite
; &I Drite, < &I Read 7 !: !nable 8(atch data9 5sed to latch the data present on the data pins. 6 high&to&low edge is needed to latch the data.
$he @ data lines are connected to !OR$ < of @;:< microcontroller. $he three control lines R3,RD and 1N " are connected to !OR$ ).:,).G and ).? respectively.
$od+le .: Re-erence:
R, 26RN1$ & 1#210010 / !ROBR6##INB 6N0 6$#1.. #5,6##60 6.I #6JI0I & #I/R/ON$O..1R 6N0 1#210010 3K3$1#3. ,. N686#5R6, 8. O3685, $. BO$O, R. 36B6D6, $.,63,I#O$O, L6046N/10 DIR1.133 $1/,NO.OBK 6N0 4#//ON/1!$ %OR #O2I.1 I#6B1 31R4I/13M, !RO/. O% $,1 +($, 6NN56. /ON%1R1N/1 O% $,1 RO2O$I/3 3O/I1$K O% N6!6N
Abstract:
Now a day’s accidents are increasing at a large pace, and various technologies are being introduced to reduce the accidents. In this project we provide means of accident prevention using eye blink wherein the vehicle is stopped immediately and intimated wherever needed. In this project we have two sections. One is transmitter section which is located in the vehicle and another one is Receiver section located in remote place !olice station, near ones, etc". In the transmitter section the eye blink sensor is placed near the eye to sense the blink count and this information is transmitted in the form of pulses and is given to the #icrocontroller. $he #icrocontroller uses this information to compare with the normal eye blink programmed in the chip and if any abnormal situation arises the vehicle is stopped with an alarm indication, this operation is enabled by means of the driver circuit connected to the vehicle motor and the signal is transmitted via R%&transmitter at the fre'uency of ()).*+ #,-. In the Receiver side the transmitted signal is received and the signal is decoded and given to the #icrocontroller, which uses this information for displaying the alert message in the ./0 as programmed, simultaneously a bu--er alert is given.
Block Diagram
Transmitter
6larm
R% $ransmitter
1ye-2link .evel 3ensing
Interfacing circuit
#icro /ontroller
3ignal 1ncoder
!ower 3upply 4ehicle #otor 0river 5nit
Receiver
R% Receiver #icro /ontroller 3ignal 0ecoder
Relay with 0river
2u--er 6lert
./0
!ower 3upply
HARD AR! R!"U#R!$!%TS 7 7 7 7 S&'T 7 7 #icrocontroller 5nit and !ower 3upply ./0 6larm unit R% transmitter and receiver AR! R!"U#R!$!%TS 1mbedded / 8eil /ompiler
(#ST &' HARD AR! $&DU(!S: $&DU(! ): Po*er S+,,ly -or ./0) $icrocontroller $&DU(! 1: !ncoder $&DU(! 2: R' Transmitter $&DU(! 3: Decoder $&DU(! 0: R' Receiver
$&DU(! 4: Relay $&DU(! 5: (i6+id 7rystal Dis,lay 8(7D9 $&DU(! .: Re-erence $od+le ): Po*er S+,,ly -or ./0) $icrocontroller
$his section describes how to generate 9:4 0/ power supply
$he power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant output regulated power supply for successful working of the project. 6 ;&<+4=< m6 transformer is used for this purpose. $he primary of this transformer is connected in to main supply through on=off switch> fuse for protecting from overload and short circuit protection. $he secondary is connected to the diodes to
convert <+4 6/ to <+4 0/ voltage. 6nd filtered by the capacitors, which is further regulated to 9:v, by using I/ ?@;:
$icrocontroller
6 microcontroller also microcontroller unit, #/5 or A/" is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple /!5 combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers and etc. #icrocontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, and toys.
./.) schematic
$he input and output device or connected to port pins of the controller. $ypical input and output devices include switches, relays, solenoids, .10s, small or custom ./0 displays, radio fre'uency devices, and sensors for data such as temperature, humidity, light level etc. $he device, such as B3#, B!3 and R%I0 are interfaced to the controller via serial communication i.e. $C and RC pins.
$od+le 1: !%7&D!R
$he ,$&<+1 I/ encodes <+&bits of information and serially transmits this data on receipt of a $ransmit 1nable and a .OD signal on pin&<( =$1. !in&<? the 0EO5$ pin of the ,$&<+1 serially transmits whatever data is available on pins <;, <<, <+ and <), or 0;, 0<, 0+ and 0).
$od+le 2: R' TRA%S$#TT!R
$he $D3&()( transmitter accepts both linear and digital inputs can operate from <.: to <+ 4olts&0/, and makes building a miniature hand&held R% transmitter very easy. $he !+E;, !+E<, !+E+ and !+E) pin of controller is assumed as data transmit pins. $he 06$6EO5$ pin of encoder is connected to the 06$6EIN pin of R% $ransmitter and then the R% $ransmitter transmits the data to the receiver.
7irc+it
$od+le 3: D!7&D!R
$he +<+ series of decoders are capable of decoding information’s that consist of N bits of address and <+EN bits of data. Of this series, the ,$<+0 is
arranged to provide @ address bits and ( data bits, and ,$<+% is used to decode <+ bits of address information. $he 4$, or valid transmission pin of the ,$&<+0 could signal the microcontroller to grab the (&bits of data from the data output pins.
$od+le 0: R' R!7!#V!R
$he receiver also operates at ()).*+#,-, and has a sensitivity of )u4. $he $D3&()( receiver operates from (.: to :.: volts&0/, and has both linear and digital outputs. $he !+E;, !+E<, !+E+ and !+E) pin of controller is assumed as data transmit pins. $he 06$6EO5$ pin of R% $ransmitter is connected to the 06$6EIN pin of 01/O01R and then the data is processed by the decoder.
7irc+it
$od+le 4: R!(A:
<. 6 relay is an electrically operated switch. +. 1lectric current through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. ). $he coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and they are double&throw changeover" switches.
(. 6 simple electromagnetic relay, such as the one taken from a car in the first picture, is an adaptation of an electromagnet. :. It consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic fluF, a movable iron armature, and a set, or sets, of contacts. G. $he armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts. It is held in place by a spring so that when the relay is de&energi-ed there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. ?. In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open. @. $he !;E;, !;E<, !;E+ and !;E) pin of controller is assumed as data transmit pins to the relay through relay driver 5.N +;;). 5.N +;;) is just like a current driver.
7irc+it
$od+le 5:
(i6+id crystal dis,lays
$he ./0 standard re'uires ) control lines and @ I=O lines for the data bus. 7 . data ,ins D5:D/ 2i&directional data=command pins. 6lphanumeric characters are sent in 63/II format.
7 RS: Register Select R3 H ; &I /ommand Register is selected R3 H < &I 0ata Register is selected
7 R; : Read or
rite
; &I Drite, < &I Read 7 !: !nable 8(atch data9 5sed to latch the data present on the data pins. 6 high&to&low edge is needed to latch the data.
$he @ data lines are connected to !OR$ < of @;:< microcontroller. $he three control lines R3,RD and 1N " are connected to !OR$ ).:,).G and ).? respectively.
$od+le .: Re-erence:
R, 26RN1$ & 1#210010 / !ROBR6##INB 6N0 6$#1.. #5,6##60 6.I #6JI0I & #I/R/ON$O..1R 6N0 1#210010 3K3$1#3. ,. N686#5R6, 8. O3685, $. BO$O, R. 36B6D6, $.,63,I#O$O, L6046N/10 DIR1.133 $1/,NO.OBK 6N0 4#//ON/1!$ %OR #O2I.1 I#6B1 31R4I/13M, !RO/. O% $,1 +($, 6NN56. /ON%1R1N/1 O% $,1 RO2O$I/3 3O/I1$K O% N6!6N
