Yahoo! Annual Report 2008

 

MA T \F@TAFBCMAT\, MA@T \F TAF TAFBCM BCMAT\ AT\ K gbkeam gb gbke keam am [`fbb! [` [`fb fbb b ke ke G`eu`ry G` G`eu eu`r `ry y dal`usa da dal` l`us usa a K w`s w`s aearn aea aearnkzam rnkz kzam am dy tfa tfa Lbip`ey‛s Lbip` Lbi p`ey ey‛s ‛s obrikm`dca obri ob rikm km`d `dca ca `ssa `s `ssats sats ts `e `em m v`st v`st pbtaetk`c. pbta pb taet etk` k`c. c. [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b f`m f`m daae daae tfrb tf tfrbunf rbun unf f `e ue uepr uepralamaetam prala alamae maeta tam m ya`r ya`r i`rham i`rh i` rham am dy Iklrbs Ikl Iklrbsbot‛s rbsbot bot‛s ‛s v`rkbus v`rkbu v`r kbus s prbpbs`cs, prbpbs` prbp bs`cs, cs, ` prbxy prbxy lbetast, lbetast lbet ast,, tfa lbeskmar`tkbe lbeskm lbe skmar` ar`tkb tkbe e bo savar`c savar`c sava r`c str`tankl str`ta str `tankl nkl `ctare``ctare `ct are``tkva tk tkvas, vas, s, `em `em ` wbrsaeken wbrs wb rsae aeke ken n albebiy. albe al bebi biy. y. Kt Kt wbucm wbuc wb ucm m da da

`em `m `em `mvar `mvartksars vartk tksa sars rs lra`ta lra` lr a`ta ta ` vkrtubus vkrt vk rtubu ubus s lkrlca” lkrl lk rlca ca” ” tfa ib tfa ibra ra s`tksokam s`tk s` tkso soka kam m tfay tfay `ra, `ra, tfa tfa ibra ibra ib ra aen`naaen` ae n`na na-iaet `e iaet `em m ibeatkz`tkbe ibea ib eatk tkz` z`tk tkbe be wkcc wkcc ocbw. ocbw oc bw..

a`sy tb `ssuia a`sy `ssu `s suia ia tf`t tf` tf `t tfa tfa Lbip`ey Lbip Lb ip`e `ey y f`m f`m daae daae da ae oblu ob oblusam lusa sam m sbcacy sbca sb cacy cy be tfasa tfas tf asa a kssuas kssu ks suas as `t tfa tfa axpaesa axpa ax paes esa a bo tfa tfa duskeass. dusk du skea eass ss.. Dut Dut wf`t wf`t wf `t K‛va K‛va K‛ va ca`ream ca`r ca `rea eam m skela skel sk ela aK okrs ok okrst rstt rb rbcc rbccam ccam am up iy iy scaavas scaa sc aava vas s fara fara fa ra ks ks gust gust gu st tfa tfa bppbs bpp bppbskta7 bskt kta7 a7 tfa tfa keebv`tkbe keeb ke ebv` v`tk tkbe be aen aenke aenkea kea a ks strben8 strb st rben en88 tfa tfa prbm pr prbmult bmul ultt pk pkpa pkpackea pack ckea ea ks oucc8 oucc ou cc88 `em `em tfara‛s tfar tf ara‛ a‛s s `e ke keta ketaesa taes esa a oblu ob oblus lus s be mackvarken mack ma ckva vark rken en tfa tfa dast dast prbmults prbm pr bmul ults ts `em `em sarv sa sarvklas rvkl klas as obr obr bur bur us usar usars ars s `e `em m ma maap maapaeken apae aeke ken n bur bur rac`tk rac rac`tkbesfkps `tkbesf besfkps kps wktf wktf p`rtears p`rtea p`r tears rs `em `mvartksars. `mvart `mv artksa ksars. rs.

ture `s ture `ssa `ssats sats ts `em `em ke kelr kelra`sken lra` a`sk sken en bur bur sf`ra sf`r sf `ra a bo tfa tfa `m`mvart va vartksken rtks ksken ken pka pka,, sb wa wa‛r wa‛ra ‛ra a av avae ae dat datta dattar tarr pbs pbskt pbsktkbeam ktkb kbeam eam tb ma mack mackvar ckva varr sf`rafbcmar sf`r sf `raf afbc bcma marr v`cua v`cu v` cua a ebw ebw `em `em wfae wfae wf ae tfa tfa albebiy kiprbva albebiy kiprbvas. s.

^ktfbut quastkbe, ^ktfbut quastkb quas tkbe, e, tfara tfara wara wara kipbrt`et kipbrt kip brt`et `et kssu ks kssuas suas as tb `mmrass `mmr `m mras ass s wfae wfae wf ae K `rrkvam. `rr rrkv kvam am.. K obuem obue ob uem m `e `e bvarc bv bvarcy arcy y lbipcax lbipc lbi pcax ax brn`ekz`tkbe brn` br n`ek ekz` z`tk tkbe be `em `em ` str`tany str` st r`ta tany ny tf`t raqukram tf`t raqukr raq ukram am nra`tar nra`tar lc`rkty. lc`rkt lc` rkty. y. Malkskbe-i`hken Malkskb Malk skbe-i e-i`hk `hken en eaamam eaa eaamam mam tb f`ppae f`pp f` ppae ae o`star, o`st o` star ar,, `llbuet`dkckty `llb `l lbue uet` t`dkc dkckt kty y f`m f`m tb tb da lc lca` lca`rar, a`ra rar, r, `e `em m wa ea eaam eaamam amam am tb lb lbel lbelaetr`ta elae aetr tr`t `ta a av avae ae ibra ketaetcy ibra keta ke taet etcy cy be bur bur lustbiars”dbtf lustbiars lust lu stbia biars rs”d ”dbt ”dbtf btf f usars usar us ars s `em `mv `mvart `mvartksars. artksar ksars. s. Iy okrst okrs ok rstt t`sh t`sh w`s w`s tb skipckoy skip sk ipck ckoy oy bur bur brn`ekz`tkbe, brn` br n`ek ekz` z`tk tkbe be,, prki pr prkiken kike ken n us tb i`ha i`ha dkn dkn kiprbvaiaets kipr ki prbv bvai aiae aets ts ke ke prbmult qu` prbmult qu`ckt qu`ckty ckty y `em bpar bpar`tk bpar`tkbe`c `tkbe` be`cc aook aooklka aooklkaely lkaely ely wfkc wf wfkca kca a `csb `csb dattar datta dat tarr suppbrtken suppb su ppbrt rtke ken n bur bur lustbiars. lustb lus tbiar iars. s. ]fks st`rtam ]fks st`r st `rta tam m ke Oadru`ry Oadru Oad ru`r `ry y wktf wktf stra`ickeken stra st ra`i `ick ckek eken en tfa tfa saekb sae saekbr kbrr ca`marsfkp ca`m ca `mar arsfk sfkp p ta`i ta`i `em `em lra`tken lra` lr a`tk tken en eaw eaw pbsktkb pbsk pbsktkbes tkbes es obl oblusam usam be lustbiar lustbiar `mvbl`ly, `mvbl` `mv bl`ly, ly, i`rhat i`r i`rhatken hatken ken `em ketare`tkbe`c ketare` ket are`tkb tkbe`c e`c bpar bpar`tk bpar`tkbes. `tkbes bes.. ^a wkcc lbet wkcc lbetkeu lbetkeua keua a tb skipckoy skipck ski pckoy oy [`fbb! [`fbb [`f bb tfrbunfbut tfrbunf tfr bunfbut but tfa ya`r. tfa ya`r. Ckha btfar Ckha btfa bt farr lbip`ekas, lbip lb ip`e `eka kas, s, wa wa o`la o`la o` la ` tbunf tbun tb unf f axtaraxta ax tarre`c aevkrbeiaet, e`c aevk ae vkrb rbei eiae aet, t, dut dut tfa tfa nbbm nbbm nb bm eaws eaws ea ws ks ks tfks7 tfks tf ks77 bur bur duskeas dusk duskeass eass s ibmac ibmac mbase‛t mbase‛t raqukra raqukra ouem`iaet`c ouem`ia ouem `iaet` et`cc lf`e lf lf`enas. `ena nas. s. Qsars Qsar Qs ars s cbva cbva bur bur prbmults, prbm pr bmul ults ts,, `em `em wa wa `ra `ra bea bo tfa bea tfa –nb-tb’ –nb–n b-tb tb’’ pc`las pc`l pc `las as obr obr `mvartksars `mva `m vart rtks ksar ars s bebeckea. Maspkta ckea. Maspk Mas pkta ta tfa tfa lf`ccaenas lf`c lf `cca caena enas s [`fbb! [`fbb [` fbb f`s f`s o`lam, o`la o` lam, m, bur usars bur usar us ars s `ra `ra aen`nam”ibra aen` ae n`nam nam”ib ”ibra ra tf`e tf`e tf `e 1:: 1:: ikcckbe ikcc ik cckb kbe e racy be [`fbb! racy [`fbb [` fbb a`lf a`lf ibetf ibetf obr obr lrktkl`c lrkt lr ktkl kl`c `c keobri`keobr keo bri` i`-tkbe `e tkbe `em m sa sarv sarvklas”`em rvkl klas” as”`e `em m usar usar aen aen`n aen`naiaet `naia aiaet et lbelbetkeu tk tkeuas euas as tb nrbw. nrbw nr bw.. @mvartksars @mvar @mv artk tksa sars rs w`et w`et tb lbeealt lbee lb eealt alt wktf tf wktf tfbs tfbsa bsa a usars, usar us ars, s, `em `em K dackava dack da ckav ava a tfa tfa oke`elk`c oke` ok e`el elk` k`cc bppbr bpp bppbrtuekty brtu tuek ekty ty ks sknekokl`et. skne sk neko kokl kl`e `et. t. ]b l`pkt`ckza l`pk l` pkt` t`ck ckza za be tfks tfks bppbr bpp bppbrtuekty, brtu tuek ekty ty,, wa iust iust r`pkmcy r`pk r` pkmcy mcy avbcva avbc av bcva va bur bur usar usar us ar prbm pr prbmults bmul ults ts `em `em `mvartksar `mva `m vart rtks ksar ar sarvklas sarv sa rvkl klas as tb tb da da dast dast da st ke ke lc`s lc lc`ss `ss s `em `em i`ha i`ha kt a`skar a`sk a` skar ar obr obr `mvartksars `mva `m vart rtks ksar ars s tb tb duy duy orbi us, orbi us, dbtf dbtf be `em `em boo boo tfa tfa [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b eatwbrh. eatw ea twbr brh. h. ]fks wkcc ]fks wkcc da bur bur oblus oblu ob lus s nbken nbke nb ken n obrw`rm. obrw ob rw`r `rm. m. Qsars Qsar Qs ars s

^a iu iust st wb wbrh rh f`rmar f`rm f` rmar ar `em `em si`rtar si`r si `rta tarr tb i`xkikza i`xk i` xkik ikza za cben cb cben-tari en-t -tar ari i ra ravae ravaeua vaeua ua `em `em prbokt`dkckty. prbo pr bokt kt`d `dkc kckt kty. y. Iy gbd gbd ks ks tb ae aesu aesura sura ra wa‛ra wa‛r wa ‛ra a l`pkt`ckzken l`pk l` pkt` t`ck ckzk zken en be bur bur fknfast fknf fk nfas astt rara-

OKE ELK C TA\QC]\ OKE@ELK@C TA\QC]\

Ke 4: 4::6 4::6, :6,, [` [`fb [`fbb! fbb b parob par parobriam obri riam am wacc wacc ke `e `e kelram kel kelramkdcy ramkdcy kdcy mkookluct mkooklu mkoo kluct ct aevkrbeiaet. aevkrbe aevk rbeiae iaet. t. Maspkta Maspkta axtr`b axt axtr`brmke`ry r`brmk rmke`r e`ry y lbi lbip`e lbip`ey-spalkokl p`ey-s y-spalk palkokl okl avae avaets ts `em tfa dan tfa dankee dankeeken keeke ken n bo ` wb wbrc wbrcmwkma rcmw mwkma kma ral ralas ralasskbe, assk skbe be,, tfa tfa Lbip` Lb Lbip`ey ip`ey ey mackvaram mackv mac kvar aram am ravaeuas ravae rav aeuas uas bo $>.4 >.4 >. 4 dkcckbe. dkcck dkc ckbe be.. Tav Ta Tavaeuas vae aeua uas s ke db dbtf tf bu burr lb lbra ra bweam bwea bw eam m `em `em bparbpar bp ar-`tam (B `tam (B&B (B&B) &B)) `mvartksken `mva `m vart rtks ksken ken duskeassas duske dus keas assas sas nraw, nraw, wktf wktf B&B sa`rlf B&B sa`r sa `rlf lf up 0>% 0>% `em `em B&B B&B mkspc`y mksp mk spc` c`y y up up >%. >%. ^fkc ^f ^fkca kca a tf tfa a r`pkm r`pkm lf`enas lf`ena lf` enas s ke tfa tfa i`lrbalbebikl i`lr i` lrbal balbe bebi bikl kl lcki lc lcki`ta ki`t `ta a scbwam scbw sc bwam am nrbwtf nrbw nr bwtf tf dankeeken dankee dan keeke ken n ke ke tfa tfa d`lh d`lh d` lh f`co bo 4::6, f`co 4::6 4: :6,, K dackava dack da ckav ava a bur bur lbra lbra lb ra duskeassas dusk du skea eass ssas as `ra `ra pbks pb pbksam ksam am ob obrr su sull sullass llas ass s `s tf tfa a al albe albebiy bebi biy y ralbvars. ralb ra lbva vars rs.. ^fae tf ^fae tfa a nbken nbke nb ken n nats nats na ts tbunf, tbun tb unf, f, lbip`ekas lbip lb ip`e `eka kas s iust iust iu st lbel lb lbelaetr`ta elae aetr tr`t `ta a be wf`t wf`t tfay tfay l`e l`e lbetrbc, lbet lb etrb rbc, c, `em `em tfa tfa Lbip`e Lbi Lbip`ey‛s p`ey‛s y‛s oblus oblus be stra`ickeken stra`i str a`icke ckeken ken bpar`tkbes bpar`tk bpar `tkbes bes `em i` `em i`e` i`e`nken e`nke nken n lbsts lbst lb sts s ketaeskokam keta ke taes esko kokam kam murken murk mu rken en 4::6. 4::6 4: :6.. Mkookl Mko Mkookluct okluct uct malk malkskb malkskbes skbes es wara wara ealass`ry, ealass` eal ass`ry, ry, kelcumken kelcum kel cumken ken ramu ra ramulken mulk lken en fa`mlbuet fa`mlb fa` mlbue uett dy `pprbxki`tacy `ppr `p prbxk bxki` i`ta tacy cy 0:% c`ta c`ta ke tfa tfa ya`r. ya`r ya `r.. ]fa ]fa rasuct rasu ra suct ct w`s w`s prbokt`dkckty prbo pr bokt kt`d `dkc kckt kty y ke ke ckea ckea ck ea wktf bu wktf burr 4: 4::6 :6 bu butc butcbbh. tcbb bbh. h. Cb Cbbh Cbbhken bhke ken n obrw`rm, obrw ob rw`r `rm, m, K wkcc wkcc da aipf`skzken aipf` ai pf`sk skzk zken en `llbuet`dkckty `llb `l lbue uet` t`dkc dkckt kty y obr obr rasucts rasu ra suct cts s `em `em avae nra`tar nra`tar lbst lbst aooklkaely, aooklk aoo klkaely aely,, p`rtkluc`rcy p`rtkl p`r tkluc` uc`rcy rcy nkvae nkvae tfa alb tfa albeb albebikl ebik ikl l aevkrbeiaet. aevk ae vkrb rbei eiaet aet.. @t tfa tfa s`ia s`ia tkia, tkia, tk ia, K wkcc wkcc ebt s`lrkokla s`lr s` lrko kokl kla a kevastiaet kevas ke vasti tiaet aet ke tfa tfa sknekokl`et skne sk nekok kokl` l`et et bppbr bp bppbrtuektkas pbrtu tuek ektk tkas as `fa`m `fa` `f a`m m bo us. us. Ke 4: 4::6 4::6, :6,, wa naear`tam naea na ear` r`ta tam m l`sf l`sf ocbw ocbw oc bw orbi orbi or bi bpar bp bpar`tken ar`t `tken ken `ltkvktkas `ltk `l tkvk vktk tkas as bo $0.; 0.; dkcckbe dkcck dkc ckbe be `em `em oraa oraa 0 l`sf oc l`sf ocbw bw bo $0.< 0.< 0. < dk dkcc dkcckbe, cckb kbe, e, ke kelc kelcumken lcum umke ken n ` $<1: <1: ikcc ik ikcckbe cckb kbe e be bea a tkia tkia up-orbet up-o up -orb rbet et p`yiaet p`yia p` yiaet et orbi orbi @]&] @] @]&]. &].. ^k ^ktf tf uelart`ketkas uela ue lart rt`k `ket etka kas s ke tfa tfa lramkt lramk lr amktt i`rhat, i`rh i` rhat at,, wa wa wara ra vary vary oblusam oblu ob lusa sam m be be i`e`nken i`e` i` e`nk nken en bur bur l`sf l`sf l` sf lbes lb lbesarv`tkvacy esar arv` v`tk tkvac vacy y sb bur bur d`c`ela d`c` d` c`el ela a sfaat sfaat sf aat rai`keam rai`k rai `keam eam strb st strben, rben en,, nk nkvk nkvken vken en us pcaety pcae pc aety ty bo bo ocaxkdkckty. ocax oc axkd kdkc kckt kty. y. Bur Bur l`sf l`sf l` sf `em i` `em i`rh i`rhat`dca rhat at`d `dca ca sal salur salurktkas urkt ktka kas s d`c`ela d`c` d` c`ela ela `t tfa tfa aem aem bo 4: 4::6 :6 stbbm stbb st bbm m `t $<.1 <.1 <. 1 dk dkcc dkcckbe, cckb kbe, e, up orbi orbi or bi $4.= 4.= 4. = dkcc dk dkcckbe cckb kbe e `t `t tf tfa a aem aem bo bo 4::>. 4::> 4: :>.. ]fks ]fks ]f ks mbas mbas mb as ebt ebt kelc ke kelcuma lcum uma a tfa tfa v`cua v`cu v` cua a bo bur bur mkralt mkra mk ralt lt `em `em kemkralt kemk ke mkra ralt lt keta ke ketarasts tara rast sts s ke pudcklcy pudc pu dckl klcy cy tr`mam tr`m tr `mam am salurktkas, salu sa lurk rktk tkas as,, sulf sulf

 

`s [`fbb! [`fb [`fbb b G`p`e, G` G`p` p`e, e, @ckd`d`.lbi @ckd @ckd`d `d`. `.lb lbi i ke Lfke`, Lf Lfke ke`, `, `em `em Ni`r Ni Ni`rhat `rhat hat ke Hbra`, Hbra` Hbr a`,, wfklf wfkl wf klf f lbccaltkvacy lbcc lb ccalt altkv kvacy acy `ibuetam `ibu `i buet etam am tb $;.= ;.= ;. = dkcckbe dkcc dk cckb kbe e `t `t ya`r-aem. ya`r ya `r-a -aem em.. Ke Ke @prkc @prk @p rkcc 4::;, 4::; 4: :;,, wa wa `eeb `e `eebuelam ebue uela lam m `e `nraaiaet `nrraa `n aaia iaet et tb sacc sacc bur bur 0:% 0:% keta ke ketarast tara rast st ke Ni`rhat Ni`r Ni `rha hatt tb aD`y. aD`y aD `y..

pbke pb pbket kett tb tfa tfa Ketareat Keta Ke tare reat at tf`t tf`t ks ebw ebw `v`kc`dca `v`k `v `kc` c`dc dca a be fuemrams fuem fu emra rams ms bo mavklas mavk ma vkla las s vk` vk` tfa tfa ibdkca ibdk ib dkca ca ^ad, ^ad, wa `ra `ra mb mbke mbken ken n av avae ae ibra ibra tb tb fa facp cp pa pabp pabpca bpca ca mksl mk mkslbvar, slbva bvar, r, st`y st`y lbeealtam lbee lb eealt altam am `em `em st`y st`y keobriam. keobr keo briam iam.. ^a saa saa traiaembus traia tr aiaemb embus us nrbwtf nrbw nr bwtf tf bppbrtuektkas bppbr bp pbrtu tuek ektk tkas as ke ibdk ib ibdkca dkca ca ke tfa tfa ya`rs ya`r ya `rs s `fa`m. `fa` `f a`m. m.

4::6 @LFK @LFKA_AI @LFKA_AIAE]\ A_AIAE]\ AE]\ & IKCA IKCA\]BE IKCA\]BEA\ \]BEA\ A\  Maspkt Maspkta spkta atfa tfa Kiprbvken [`fbb Kiprbvken [`fbb! obr Qsars7 Qsars7 Ma lbemk lbe lbemktkbes mktk tkbe bes s tfa tfa Lbip`ey Lbip` Lbi p`ey ey o`lam o`lam ke 4::6, 4::6 4: :6,, [`fbb [`f [`fbb!‛s bb ‛s lbi lbipacc lbipaccken paccken ken prbmults prbmult prb mults s lbetkeuam lbetke lbe tkeuam uam tb `ttr`lt `ttr `t tr`l `ltt ik ikcc ikcckbes cckb kbes es bo aen`nam aen` ae n`na nam m usars7 usar us ars7 s7 p`na p`na p` na vkaw vk vkaws aws s bo [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b prbpartkas prbp pr bpar artk tkas as nraw nraw nr aw 0;% 0;% ke ke 4::6 bvar 4::6 bvar 4::>. 4::> 4: :>.. [`fb [` [`fbb!‛s fbb b ‛s fb fbiap fbiap`na iap`n `na a rai`kes rai` ra i`ke kes s ` hay hay st`rtken st`r st `rtk tken en pbke pb pbket kett be tfa tfa Ketareat Keta Ke tare reat at obr obr fuemrams fuem fu emra rams ms bo bo ikcckbes ikcc ik cckb kbes es bo usars, usar us ars, s, `em `em wa‛ra wa‛‛ra wbrhken wa wbrh wb rhke ken n f`rm f`rm f` rm tb tb i`ha i`ha i` ha kt kt ibra bpae, ibra bpae bp ae,, sblk`c, sblk sb lk`c `c,, `em `em racav`et. raca ra cav` v`et et.. ^a ^a dan`e dan` da n`e e tast ta tastken stke ken n ` ea eaw w fb fbia fbiap`na iap` p`na na ma mask maskne, skne ne,, wfklf wfkl wf klf f wkcc wkcc `ccb `c `ccbw cbw w [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b `e `em m bur bur usars usar us ars s tb tb mb mb avae avae av ae ibra ibra ib ra tb parsbe`ckza parsb par sbe` e`ck ckza za axp axpar axparkaelas. arkae kaela las. s. ^a `csb `csb kektk`tam kekt ke ktk` k`ta tam m eaw lbetaet lbetaet bptkikz`tkbe bptkik bpt kikz`t z`tkbe kbe l`p`dkcktkas l`p`dk l`p `dkckt cktkas kas `em c`ue c` c`uelfam uelf lfam am [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b Duzz, Duzz,, wfklf Duzz wfkl wf klf f `ccbws `ccb `c cbws ws usars usar us ars s tb tb vbta be `em vbta `em –duzz –duz –d uzz z up’ up’ tfakr tfak tf akrr o`vbrkta o`vb o` vbrk rkta ta stbrkas. stbr st brka kas. s. [`fbb [`f [`fbb! bb \a` \a`rlf rlf ketrbmulam ketrbm ket rbmulam ulam keebv`tkva keebv` kee bv`tkv tkva a oa`turas oa`tur oa` turas as `em l`p`dkcktkas `em l`p` l` p`dk dkck cktk tkas as `t ` iulf iulf o`star o`st o` star ar p`la p`la bvar bvar bv ar tfa c`st tfa c`st ya`r, ya`r, rbccken rbcc rb ccke ken n but but aef`elaiaets aef`e aef `elai laiae aets ts ckha ckha ck ha \a`rl \a` \a`rlf rlf f @sskst, @ssk @s skst st,, tb nkva nkva usars usar us ars s sunnastkbes sunna su nnast stkb kbes es `s `s tfay sa`rlf, tfay sa`r sa `rlf lf,, `s wacc wacc `s \a`rlfIbehay, \a`r \a `rlf lfIb Ibeh ehay ay,, tb tb nkva nkva nk va wadsk wad wadskta skta ta bwears bwea bw ears rs lbetrbc lbetr lbe trbc bc bvar bvar fbw fbw tfakr tfak tf akrr sktas skta sk tas s `ppa` `p `ppa`r pa`rr ke sa`rlf sa`r sa `rlf lf rasucts. rasu ra suct cts. s. ]fks ]fks kiprbvam kipr ki prbv bvam am r`ta r`ta r` ta bo keebv`tkbe keebv ke ebv`t `tkb kbe e mrbva mrbv mr bva a rasucts, rasu ra suct cts, s, `em `em quary quary qua ry nrbwtf nrbw nr bwtf tf w`s strben w`s strb st rben en ke 4::6. 4::6 4: :6.. K dackava dack da ckav ava a [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b \a`rlf \a`rl \a` rlf f ks ks ` vary vary v`cu`dca v`cu v` cu`d `dca ca p`rt p`rt bo bur bur duskeass8 dusk du skea eass ss88 kt‛s kt‛s kt ‛s daeaokdaea da eaok ok-lk`c tb bur lk`c bur or`elfksa or`e or `elf lfks ksa a tb maapcy maap ma apcy cy uemarst`em uema ue mars rst` t`em em wf`t usars wf`t usar us ars s `ra `ra cbbhken cbbh cb bhke ken n obr obr wfae wfa fae e tfay tfa fay y `ra `ra beck be beckea. ckea ea.. ^a f` f`va va sbia sbia bo tfa tfa dk dknn dknnast nnas astt dr`kes dr`k dr `kes es ke tfa tfa duskeass dusk du skea eass ss wbrhken wbrh wb rhke ken n f`rm f`rm f` rm tb tb i`ha i`ha i` ha sa`rlf sa`r sa `rlf lf rasu ra rasucts suct cts s ibra ibra lbipaccken lbip lb ipac acck cken en `em `em nat nat usars usar us ars s tb tb wf`t wf`t wf `t tfay w`et tfay w`et wktf wktf oawar oawa oa warr lcklhs. lckl lc klhs hs.. ]fa eaxt ]fa eaxt naear`tkbe naea na ear` r`tk tkbe be bo bo [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b I`kc I`kc I` kc `csb `csb `c sb tbbh tbbh tb bh sf`pa ke 4::6, sf`pa 4::6 4: :6,, drkenken drke dr kenk nken en tbnatfar tbnat tb natfa farr ai`kc, ai`kc ai` kc,, kest`et kest ke st`e `ett iass` ias iass`nken s`nk nken en `em `em ibdkca ibdkc ibd kca a taxt taxt ias iass` iass`nken. s`nke nken. n. ^a‛ra ^a‛r ^a ‛ra a `mmke `m `mmken mken n `em `em tastken tast ta stke ken n ea eaw w I`kc I`kc oa` oa`tu oa`turas tura ras s ke kelc kelcumken lcum umke ken n ` –si`rtar –si` –s i`rt rtar ar kedbx,’ kedb ke dbx, x,’’ `ccbwken `ccb `c cbwk wken en usars usar us ars s tb tb okctar okct ok ctar ar `em `em prkbrkt prkb prkbrktkza rktkza kza iass`nas iass`n ias s`nas as orb orbi i parsbe`c parsbe par sbe`c `c lbee lbeealt lbeealtkbes. altkbe kbes. s. ^a‛ra `csb ^a‛ra `csb kiprbvken kiprbvk kipr bvken en oueltkbe`ckty oueltkb ouel tkbe`c e`ckty kty `em us`d us us`dkckty, `dkc kckt kty, y, `em `em tfara‛s tfar tf ara‛ a‛s s iulf iulf ibra ibra ib ra tb tb lbia. lbia lb ia.. ^a sullassouccy sull su llass assou oucc ccy y mapcbyam mapcb map cbyam yam savar`c savar sa var`c `c ibdkca ibdk ib dkca ca keebv kee keebv`tkbes bv`t `tkb kbes es c`st c`st ya` ya`rr `s wacc, wacc wa cc,, kelcumken kelc ke lcum umke ken n tfa tfa eaw varskbe varsk var skbe be bo bur bur `w`rm-wkeeken `w`r `w `rmm-wk wkee eeke ken n [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b bea\a bea bea\a`rlf \a`r `rlf lf prbmult, prbmu pr bmult lt,, wfklf wfkl wf klf f ebw ebw oa`turas oa`t oa `tur uras as vbkla-ae vbkl vbkla-ae`dcam a-ae`dc `dcam am sa`rlf. sa`rlf sa` rlf.. ^ktf ^ktf tfa `ee `eebue `eebuelaiaet buelaia laiaet et `em c`uelf `em c`ue c` uelf lf bo [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b Ibdkca, Ibdkc Ib dkca, a, ` ibdkca ibdk ib dkca ca st`rtken st`r st `rtk tken en

Qsar aen`naiaet Qsar aen` ae n`na naia iaet et ke `cc `cc bo tf tfas tfasa asa a ha hay y pr prbp prbpartkas bpar artk tkas as raoc ra raocalts ocalt alts s fbw fbw lbiikttam lbiik lbi iktt ttam am wa `ra `ra tb mackvarken mackv mac kvar arke ken n nra` nr nra`t a`tt axparkaelas. axpa ax park rkae aela las. s. Ke Ke o`lt, o`lt o` lt,, K dackava dack da ckav ava a tfks tfks tf ks ks ks bea bea bo tfa tfa i`gbr i`gb i` gbrr ra`sbes ra`s ra `sbe bes s [`fbb!‛s [`fb [` fbb b ‛s dr`em dr`e dr `em m rai`kes rai` ra i`ke kes s sb strben strb st rben en mas maspk maspkta pkta ta tfa tfa lf`ccaenas lf`c lf `ccae caenas nas tfa tfa Lbip`ey Lbip` Lb ip`ey ey f`s o`lam. f`s o`la o` lam. m. [as, [as, tfara tfa farra ks ks iulf iulf iu lf ibra ibrra wa ib wa l`e l`e `em `em wkcc mb tb `mm wkcc `mm ibra ibra ib ra –wbw’ –wbw –w bw’’ tb tb bur bur prbmults, prbm pr bmul ultts, dut kt‛s dut kt‛s kipbrt`et kipb ki pbrt rt`e `ett tb raiaidar raia ra iaid idar ar fbw fbw iulf iulf bur usars bur usars `cra`my `cra `c ra`m `my y cbva cbva wf`t wf`t [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b drkens drke dr kens ns tfai tbm`y. tfai tbm`y. Dalbik Dal Dalbiken biken en Ibra Ibra _`cu`dca _`cu`d _`c u`dca ca tb @mvartksars @mvart @mv artksa ksars rs `em Zudc Zudcksfa Zudcksfars7 ksfars7 rs7 ]f  ]fa ]faalbiibe lbii lb iibe betfaia tfa faia iake keiy iy lbevar lbe lbevars`tkbes vars`t s`tkbe kbes s wktf wktf i`gbr i`gbr `mvartksars `mvart `mv artksar ksars s `em `nae `n `naelkas aelk lkas as skela skel sk ela a iy iy `rrkv`c `rrk `r rkv` v`cc ks tf`t tf`t tf `t tfay tfay vkaw vkaw vk aw [`fbb [` [`fbb! fbb `s ` ca`mar ca`m ca `mar ar ke beckea beck be ckea ea `mvartksken. `mva `m vart rtks kske ken. n. ]fay ]fay fknfc fk fknfcy nfcy y v`cua v`cu v` cua a bur bur lra`tkvkty lra` lr a`tk tkvk vkty ty `em `em talfekl`c talf ta lfek ekl` l`cc axparaxpar axp ar-tksa ke drkenken tksa drke dr kenk nken en ra`c ra`c ra `c sbcutkbes sbcu sb cutk tkbe bes s tb tb tfakr tfak tf akrr i`rhati`rh i` rhat at-ken lf`ccaenas. ken lf`c lf `cca caen enas. as. ^f`t ^f`t tfay tfay w`et w`et ibst, ibst ib st,, tfbunf, tfbu tf bunf, nf, ks `e `e a`skar a`sk a` skar ar w`y w`y tb tb duy duy `em `em ia`sura ia`s ia `sur ura a beckea beck be ckea ea `mvartksken”a `mvart `mvartksken”aspalk`ccy ksken”aspalk` spalk`ccy ccy mkspc`y mkspc`y `mvartksken. `mvartksken.

]b tf`t tf` tf `t aem, aem, ke 4::6 4::6 4: :6 wa wa ketrbmulam ketr ke trbm bmul ulam am @Z] @Z] orbi [`fbb!, orbi [`fb [` fbb b , ` mkspc`y mkspc mk spc`y `y `mvartksken `mvar `m vartk tksk sken en pc`tobri pc`t pc `tobr obri i mask ma maskneam skne neam am tb skipckoy skip sk ipck ckoy oy tfa tfa prblass prbl pr blas ass s bo duyken duyk du yken en `em saccken `em sacc sa ccke ken n beckea beck be ckea ea `ms. `ms. `m s. @Z] @Z] orbi orbi or bi [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b ks `e ket ketanr ketanr`tam anr`ta `tam m wad wad-d` wad-d`sam -d`sam sam sbcutkbe sbcutk sbc utkbe be mask maskneam neam tb drken drken pudcksfars, pudcksf pudc ksfars ars,, `mvartksars, `mvart `mv artksar ksars, s, eatwbrhs eatwbr eat wbrhs hs `em `naelkas `em `nael `n aelka kas s tbnatfar, tbnat tb natfar far,, `em `em uctki`tacy uctk uc tki` i`ta tacy cy `ccbw `ccb `c cbw w `mvar `m `mvartksars vartk tksa sars rs tb dattar datta dat tarr t`rnat t`rn t` rnat at `umkaelas `umk `u mkael aelas as ebt ebt  gust gust gu st be [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b dut dut `lrbss `lrb `l rbss ss tfa tfa ^ad ^ad `em `em `ccbw `ccb `c cbw w pudck pu pudcksfars dcksf sfar ars s tb dattar datta dat tarr ibeatkza ibeat ibe atkz kza a tfakr tfakr tf akr lbetaet. lbet lb etae aet. t. Ibra tf`e Ibra tf`e 0<: 0<: bo bur bur eawsp`par eaws ea wsp` p`pa parr p`rtears p`rt p` rtea ears rs `ra up `em `ra `em rueeken rue ueek eken en be be tfa tfa pc`tobri, pc`t pc `tob obrri, `em `em wa‛cc wa‛c wa ‛ccc lbet lb lbetkeua etke keua ua tb rbcc rbcc but but @Z] @Z] orbi orbi [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b bvar bvar bv ar tfa tfa lbiken ya`r. lbiken ya`r. Be tfa tfa sa`rlf sa`r sa `rlf lf skma, skma sk ma,, [`fbb!‛s [`fb [` fbb b ‛s Z`e`i` Z`e` Z` e`i` i` sa`rlf sa`r sa `rlf lf i`rh i` i`rhatken rhat atke ken n sys systa systai tai i f` f`s s daa daae e map mapcb mapcbyam cbyam yam ncbd`ccy, ncbd` ncb d`cc ccy, y, `em ke 4::6 `em 4::6 wa aef`elam aef` ae f`el elam am bur bur nab-t`rnatken nabna b-t` t`rn rnat atke ken n l`p` l` l`p`dkcktkas p`dk dkck cktk tkas as ke tfa tfa Q.\. Q.\. `em `em ketrbmulam ketr ke trbm bmul ulam am ` euida eu euidar idarr bo oa`turas oa`t oa `tur uras as tb kiprbva kipr ki prbv bva a ibeatkz`tkbe. ibea ib eatk tkz` z`tk tkbe be.. ]fa bvar`rlfken ]fa bvar bv ar`r `rlf lfke ken n nb`c nb`c nb `c bo bo Z`e`i` Z`e` Z` e`i` i` ks tb tb kelra`sa kelr ke lra` a`sa sa tfa racav`ela tfa raca ra cav` v`el ela a bo sa`rlf sa`r sa `rlf lf `mvartksaiaets `mvar `m vartk tksa saiae iaets ts tb tb usar us usars, ars, s, `em `em bu burr pr prbn prbnrass bnra rass ss tf tfar tfara ara a fa facp facpam cpam am us lbet lb lbetkeua etke keua ua tb nrbw nrbw ravaeua rava ra vaeu eua a par par sa`rlf sa`r sa `rlf lf ke ke tfa Q.\. tfa Q.\. tfrbunfbut tfrb tf rbun unfb fbut ut 4::6. 4::6 4: :6.. ^ktf `mvartksars ^ktf `mva `m vart rtks ksar ars s luttken lutt lu ttke ken n dumnats dumna du mnats ts `em `em saahken saahk sa ahken en nra` nr nra`tar a`ta tarr aooklkaely aookl aoo klka kael ely y `em `em ia`sur`dkckty ia`s ia `sur ur`d `dkc kckt kty y ke tfks tfks tbun tb tbunf unf f lcki`ta, lcki lc ki` `ta ta,, wa wa iust iust mb mb avae avae av ae ibra ibra ib ra tb tb

 

pr prbvkma prbv bvkma kma tfai tfai a`sy-tb-usa a` a`sysy-tb tb-u -usa sa sbcutkbes sbcut sbcutkb kbes es `em `em ` lca`rar uemarst`emken lca`rar uemarst uema rst`em `emken ken bo l`ip`kne l`ip`k l`i p`kne ne parobrparobr par obr-i`el i` i`ela. ela. a. ^fkca ^fkc ^f kca a `m sp spaem spaemken aemke ken n rai`kes rai` ra i`ke kes s ue uemar mar pras pr prassura, assu sura ra,, wa dackava dack da ckav ava a bur bur `dkckty `dkc `d kckt kty y tb ma mack mackvar ckva varr datta dat dattar tarr ratures ratu ra ture res s be i`rhatken i`rh i` rhat atke ken n mbcc`rs mbcc mb cc`r `rs s facpam facpa fac pam m tb mr mrkva kva nrbwtf nrbw nr bwtf tf wktf wktf savar`c savar sa var`c `c c`rna c`rn c` rna a `mvartks`mvar `m vartk tkssars ke tfa ars tfa c`ttar c`ttta c` tarr p`rt p`rt bo 4::6. 4::6 4: :6.. ^a ^a wkcc wkcc wk cc lbetkeua lbet lb etkkeu eua a tb mav mavacb mavacbp acbp p prbmults, prbm pr bmul ults ts,, oa`turas oa`tu oa` tura ras s `em `em s`cas s`ca s` cas s pc`es pc`e pc `es s tb nr nrbw bw bur bur sf`ra sf`r sf `ra a bo bo tfa tfa `mvartksken `mva `m varrtk tksk sken en pka pka bvar bvar bv ar tkia tk tkia, ia,, wf wfkl wfklf klf f sfbucm sfbu sf bucm cm put put [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b ke ke ` strbenar strb st rben enar ar

tfbs tf tfbsa bsa a straentfs. stra st raen entf tfs. s. ^a wkcc wkcc oblus oblu ob lus s be dattar datt da ttar ar uemars uem uemarst`emken arst`e t`emke mken n bur lust lustbiar lustbiars‛ biars‛ s‛ dus duskeas duskeass, keass, s, axarlk ar arlksken lksk sken en l`raouc l`ra l` raouc ouc lb lbst st mks mkslk mkslkpckea, lkpc pcke kea, a, `e `em m axa axalu axalutken lutk tken en `n`k `n `n`kest `kes estt bu burr du dusk duskeass skea eass ss ibmac. ibma ib mac. c. K f`vae‛t f`va f` vae‛ e‛tt daae daae da ae fara cben fara cben aebunf aebu ae bunf nf tb tb i`ha i`ha i` ha ybu ybu ` ibra ibrra spalkokl ib spal sp alko kokl kl ckst bo pr ckst prbi prbiksas biks ksas as dut dut K l`e l`e tacc tac accc ybu ybu tf`t tf`t tf `t K dackava dack da ckav ava a tfa obuem`tkbe tfa obue ob uem` m`tk tkbe be bo bur bur sullass sull su llas ass s wkcc wkcc wk cc da da dukct dukc du kctt dy ` racaetcass raca ra caet etca cass ss oblus oblu ob lus s be be nra`t nra` nr a`tt prbmults prbm pr bmul ults ts `em `em lustbi lus lustbiar tbiar ar sar sarvkl sarvkla”pc`ke vkla”pc a”pc`ke `ke `em ski skipca. pca.

pbsk pb pbsktkbe sktk tkbe be wfae wfae `m dumnats dumn du mnat ats s danke dank da nke e tb tb nrbw nrbw nr bw `n`ke. `n`k `n `ke. e.

^a ik ^a iknf iknft nftt f`va f`va ` tbunf tbu bunf nf ya`r ya`r ya `r `fa`m `fa` `f a`m m bo bo us us nkvae nkva nk vae e lurr lu lurraet rraet aet al albe albebikl bebik bikl l lbemktkbes, lbemk lb emktk tkbes bes,, dut dut K mkme‛t mkme‛ mk me‛tt t`ha t`ha tfks gb tfks gbd d dal`usa dal` da l`us usa a kt w`s w`s a`sy8 a`sy a` sy88 K‛i K‛i fara fara fa ra dal`usa dal` da l`us usa a K s`w s`w ` nra`t nra` nr a`tt bppbrtuekty bppb bp pbrt rtue uekt kty y tb lra`ta lra` lr a`ta ta cben-tari cben cb en-t -tar ari i sf`r sf sf`rafbcmar `raf afbc bcma marr v`cua. v`cu v` cua. a. ^f`t ^f`t K‛va K‛va saae saae ke ke iy iy okrst okrs ok rstt oaw ib oaw ibet ibetfs etfs fs fa fara ra be becy cy st stra straentfaes raen entf tfae aes s iy da dack dackao ckao ao ke tf`t tf`t pbtaetk`c. pbta pb taet etk` k`c. c.

Tbccke Tbc Tbccken cken n But Zbwarouc Zbwaro Zbw arouc uc Zc`tobris7 Zc`tob Zc` tobris ris77 Qemarcyken `cc bo [`fbb!‛s `cc [`fbb [` fbb ‛s prbmults prbm pr bmul ults ts iust iust da luttken-amna lutt lu ttke ken-a n-amna mna talf ta talfebcbny, lfebc ebcbn bny, y, wfklf wfkl wf klf f wa `ra `ra i`hken i`hk i` hken en ibra ibra ib ra aookl aoo aooklkaet klka kaet et ketare`ccy ketar ke tare` e`cc ccy y `em `em ibra ibra `llasskdca `lla `l lass sskd kdca ca tb tb butskm but butskma skma a mavacbpars mavacbp mava cbpars ars dy ouem`iaet`ccy ouem`i oue m`iaet aet`cc `ccy y rawkrken rawkrk raw krken en [`fb [` [`fbb!. fbb b . Bvar Bvar tfa tfa c`st c`st ya`r, ya`r ya `r,, tfa tfa Lbip`ey Lbip Lb ip`e `ey y f`s f`s danue tfa danue tfa sfkot sfko sf kott orbi orbi fkstbrkl`ccy fkst fk stbr brkl kl`c `ccy cy malaetr`ckzam malaet mal aetr` r`ck ckzam zam prbm pr prbmult bmul ultt skcbs skcb sk cbs s tb lra`tken lra` lr a`tk tken en ` ncbd`c ncbd nc bd`c `c prbmult prbm pr bmul ultt keor ke keor`strultura. or`s `str trul ultu tura ra.. ^a wkcc wkcc lbetkeua lbet lb etke keua ua tb kevast kevas ke vastt tb uekoy ueko ue koy y pc`tobris, pc`to pc` tobr bris is,, prblassas prbl pr blass assas as `em `em lbma lbma tb tb `ccbw `ccbw `c cbw us tb da ibra ibra stra`ickeam, stra st ra`i `ick ckea eam, m, aooklkaet aook ao oklk lkae aett `em `em aooal aoo aooaltkva, altk tkva va,, `em `em tb keebv`ta keebv ke ebv`t `ta a ibra ibra r`pkmcy. r`pk r` pkmcy mcy..

Ke 4::6, 4::6 4: :6,, wa c`uelfam c`ue c` uelf lfam am tfa tfa [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b Bpae Bpae \tr` \t \tr`tany r`ta tany ny ([ ([!B\), B\), B\ ), ` sa satt bo lbipcaiaet`ry lbipc lb ipcai aiaet aet`r `ry y mavacb mav mavacbpar acbpar par pc`tobris pc`t pc `tob obri ris s maskneam mask ma sknea neam m tb dattar datta dat tarr bpae [`fbb! [`fbb [`f bb tb tb tfk tfkrmtfkrm-p`rty rm-p`r p`rty ty mava mavacbp mavacbpars cbpars ars `em pudc pudcksf pudcksfars. ksfars ars.. ^a‛ ^a‛va va kevktam kevkta kev ktam m mavacbpars mavacbpa mava cbpars rs tb t` t`h t`ha ha `m `mv` `mv`et`na v`et et` `na bo bur bur funa funa fu na sl`ca sl`c sl `ca a dy dy wrkt wr wrktken ktke ken n `ppckl`tkbes `ppc `p pckl kl`t `tkb kbes es tf`t tf`t dukcm dukc du kcm m be bur bur pbpuc pbp pbpuc`r uc`r `r prbpartkas, prbp pr bpart artkas kas,, t`p t`p ketb ketb ikcckbes ikcc ik cckb kbes es bo cby`c cby` cb y`cc usar us usars, ars, s, `e `em m i` i`ha ha us usar usars‛ ars‛ s‛ Ke Keta Ketareat tare reat at axp axpar axparkaelas arka kael elas as ibra racav`et ibra raca ra cav` v`et et `e `em m us usaou usaouc. aouc. c.

]frb ]f ]frbunfbut rbun unfb fbut ut tfa tfa nbbm nbbm tkias tkia tk ias s `em `em d`m, d`m, d` m, [`fbb! [`fb [` fbb b f`s da f`s daae ae obrtue`ta obrt ob rtue ue`t `ta a tb wbrh wbrh wktf wktf nra`t nra` nr a`tt pabpca7 pabp pa bpca ca77 lustbi lus lustbiars, tbiars ars,, p`r p`rtea p`rtears, tears, rs, mava mavacbpa mavacbpars, cbpars, rs, aipc aipcbyaa aipcbyaas, byaas, s, `em, `em em,, bo lbursa, lbur lb ursa sa,, ybu. ybu. yb u. K hebw heb ebw w kt‛s kt‛‛s daae kt daae da ae ` mkookluct mkoo mk ookl kluc uctt rkma obr rkma obr bur bur sf`rafbcmars sf`r sf `raf afbc bcma mars rs ke ke ralaet rala ra laet et ya`rs, ya`r ya `rs, s, `em `em wa `p `ppr `ppralk`ta pralk alk`t `ta a ybur ybur lbetkeuam lbet lb etke keua uam m o`ktf o`kt o` ktf f `em `em supsuppbrt pb pbrt. rt.. ^fkca ^fkc ^f kca a tfa tfa lf`ccaenas lf`c lf `cca caen enas as wa wa o`la o`la o` la l`e‛t l`e‛ l` e‛tt da da ikekik ike ikekikzam, kikzam zam,, bppbrtuekty bppbrtu bppb rtuekt ekty y ks stkcc stkcc heblhken heblhk heb lhken en cbumcy. cbumcy. cbu mcy. K cbbh cbbh obrw`rm obrw ob rw`r `rm m tb mackvarken mack ma ckva vark rken en be be [`fbb!‛s [`fb [` fbb b ‛s ‛s tratraiaem ia iaembus embu bus s prbiksa prbi pr biks ksa a ke tfa tfa lbiken lbik lb iken en ya`rs. ya`r ya `rs. s.

L`rbc D`rtz Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar

^a `csb `csb bpaeam bpaea bp aeam m up bur bur sa`rlf sa`r sa `rlf lf keor`strultura keor ke or`s `str trul ultu tura ra `em ta `em talf talfebcbny lfeb ebcb cbny ny tb mavacbpars mavac mav acbpa bpars rs wktf wktf DB\\ DB\\ (Duk (D (Dukcm ukcm cm ybur ybur Bwe Bwe \a`rlf \a`rl \a` rlf f \arvkla), \arvk \ar vkla) la),, wfklf wfkl wf klf f `ccb `c `ccbws cbws ws mav mavacb mavacbpars acbpar pars s tb lra`ta lra` lr a`ta ta lustbi lust lu stbi bi sa`rlf sa`r sa `rlf lf axpar axp axparkaelas arkae kaela las s be tfakr tfakr tf akr bwe bwe sktas. sktas sk tas.. Dy kiprbvken kipr ki prbv bvke ken n sa`rl sa` sa`rlf rlf f `lrbss `lrb `l rbss ss tfa tfa ^ad, ^ad, wa‛ra wa‛r wa ‛ra a obstarken obsta obs tark rken en keebv` kee keebv`tkbe bv`tkb tkbe e `em lra`tken lra`tk lra `tken en eaw ibeatkz`tkbe ibeatk ibe atkz`t z`tkbe kbe bppbr bpp bppbrtuektkas. brtu tuek ektk tkas. as. Cbbh Cbbh obr obr ibra ibra t`enkdca t`enk t` enkdc dca a rasucts rasu ra suct cts s ke 4::; 4:: 4: :; `em `em daybem dayb da ybem em `s `s wa wa i`ha i`ha i` ha bur bur prbmults prbm pr bmul ults ts ibra bpae ibra bpae `em `em sblk`c. sblk sb lk`c `c..

CBBHKEN @FA@ CBBHKEN @FA@M M ^a f`va f`va ` cbt cbt bo straentfs stra st raen entf tfs s `t `t [`fbb!”cby`c [`fb [` fbb b ”c ”cby by`c `c usars, i`rquaa usars, i`rquaa `mvartksars, `mvart `mv artksa ksars, rs, nra`t nra`t talfebcbny, talfebc tal febcbny bny,, supar su supard pard d aipcbyaas, aipc ai pcbya byaas, as, ` v`cu`dca v`cu v` cu`d `dca ca dr`em, dr`e dr `em, m, `em `em ` strben strb st rben en d`c`ela d`c` d` c`el ela a sfaat. sfaa sf aat. t. @em @em ebw ebw tf`t tf`t tf `t bur bur brn` br brn`ekz`tkbe n`ek ekz` z`tk tkbe be ks pb pbks pbksam ksam am tb da o`star o`st o` star ar be be kts kts oaat, oaat oa at,, ybu l`e ybu l`e cbbh cbbh cb bh obr obr us us tb tb dattar datt da ttar ar l`pkt`ckza l`pk l` pkt` t`ck ckza za be be 0 Oraa Oraa

L`sf L` sf Oc Ocbw bw ( $0.< 0.< 0. < dk dkcc dkcckbe) cckbe kbe)) ks ` eb ebeebe-N@@Z e-N@ N@@Z @Z ok oke` oke`elk`c e`el elk`cia`s k`cia`sur ia`sura ura a ma maok maokeam okea eam m `s l` l`sf sf oc ocbw ocb ocbw bw w or orbi bi bpar`tken bpar bp ar`tk `tken en `ltkvktkas `ltkv `lt kvkt ktka kas s ($0.; ( 0.; dkcckbe) dkcc dk cckb kbe) e) (`mgustam (`mg (` mgus usta tam m tb ke kelc kelcuma lcum uma a axlass axla ax lass ss t`x daeaokts daeaok dae aokts ts orbi orbi stblh-d`sam stblhstb lh-d`s d`sam am lbipaes`tkbe lbipaes lbi paes`tkb `tkbe e ($041.0 ( 041 041.0 .0 ikcckbe)), ikcckbe ikc ckbe)), )), cass cass eat eat l`pkt`c l`pkt`c l`p kt`c axpaemkturas axpaem axp aemktur kturas as ($?>=.6 ( ?> ?>=.6 =.6 ikcckbe) ikcckbe ikc ckbe)) `em `em mkvkmaems mkvkmae mkv kmaems ms ralakvam ralakv ral akvam am ($06.; ( 06. 06.; ; ikcckbe). ikcckbe ikcc kbe). ).

 

QEK]AM \]@]A\ \ALQTK]KA\ @EM AVLF@ENA LBIIK\\KBE ^`sfkentbe, M.L. 4:1=;

Obri 0:-H É   @EEQ@C TAZBT] ZQT\Q@E] ZQT\Q@E] ]B \AL]KBE 0< BT 01(m) BO ]FA \ALQTK]KA\ \ALQTK]KA\ AVLF@ENA @L] BO 0;<= Obr tfa oksl`c ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 BT

‖   ]T@E\K]KBE TAZBT] TAZBT] ZQT\Q@E] ]B \AL]KBE \AL]KBE 0< BT 01(m) BO ]FA \ALQTK]KA\ AVLF@ENA @L] BO 0;<= Obr tfa tr`esktkbe parkbm orbi

tb Lbiiksskbe Okca Euidar :::-46:06

[@FBB! KEL.

(Ax`lt e`ia bo Tankstr`et `s spalkokam ke kts lf`rtar)

Mac`w`ra

>>-:<;6?6;

(\t` (\ t`ta ta br bt btfa farr gu gurk rksm smkl kltk tkbe be bo ke kelb lbrp rpbr br`t `tkb kbe e br br brn` n`ek ekz` z`tk tkbe be))

(K.T (K .T.\ .\.. Ai Aipc pcby byar ar Km Kmae aetk tkok okl` l`tk tkbe be Eb Eb.) .)

>:0 Okrst @vaeua \ueeyv`ca, L`ckobrek` ;=:6; (@mmrass bo prkelkp`c axalutkva booklas, kelcumken zkp lbma)

Tankstr`et‛s tacapfbea euidar, kelcumken `ra` lbma7 (=:6) <=;-<<:: \alurktkas rankstaram pursu`et tb \altkbe 04(d) bo tfa @lt7 ]ktca bo A`lf Lc`ss

E`ia bo A`lf Axlf`ena be ^fklf Tankstaram

Lbiibe stblh, $.::0 p`r v`cua

]fa E@\M@P \tblh I`rhat CCL (E@\M@P Ncbd`c \acalt I`rhat)

Tknfts tb Zurlf`sa \arkas @ Guekbr Z`rtklkp`tken ]fa E@\M@P \tblh I`rhat CCL Zraoarram \tblh (E@\M@P Ncbd`c \acalt I`rhat) \alurktkas rankstaram pursu`et tb \altkbe 04(n) bo tfa @lt7 Ebea (]ktca bo Lc`ss)

Kemkl`ta dy lfalh i`rh ko tfa Tankstr`et Tankstr`et ks ` wacc-hebwe wacc-hebwe sa`sbeam kssuar, kssuar, `s maokeam ke Tuca Tuca =:1 bo tfa \alurktkas \alurktkas @lt.

[as   É   Eb   ‖

Kemkl`ta Kemkl` ta dy lfalh i`rh i`rh ko tfa Tankstr`et Tankstr`et ks ebt raqukram raqukram tb okca rapbrts rapbrts pursu`et pursu`et tb \altkbe 0< br \altkbe \altkbe 01(m) bo tfa @lt. [as   ‖   Eb   É Kemkl`ta dy lfalh i`rh wfatfar tfa Tankstr`et (0) f`s okcam `cc rapbrts raqukram tb da okcam dy \altkbe 0< br 01(m) bo tfa \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt bo 0;<= murken tfa pralamken 04 ibetfs (br obr sulf sfbrtar parkbm tf`t tfa Tankstr`et w`s raqukram tb okca sulf rapbrts), `em (4) f`s daae daae sudgalt sudgalt tb sulf okcken okcken raqukraiae raqukraiaets ts obr tfa p`st p`st ;: m`ys. [as   É   Eb   ‖ Kemkl`ta dy lfalh i`rh ko mkslcbsura bo mackequaet okcars pursu`et tb Ktai =:1 bo Tanuc`tkbe \-H (§44;.=:1 bo tfks lf`ptar) ks ebt lbet`keam farake, `em wkcc ebt da lbet`keam, tb tfa dast bo Tankstr`et‛s hebwcamna, ke maokektkva prbxy br keobri`tkbe st`taiaets kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela ke Z`rt KKK bo tfks Obri 0:-H br `ey `iaemiaet tb tfks Obri 0:-H.   ‖ Kemkl`ta dy lfalh i`rh wfatfar tfa Tankstr`et ks ` c`rna `llacar`tam okcar, `e `llacar`tam okcar, ` ebe-`llacar`tam okcar, br ` si`ccar rapbrtken lbip`ey. \aa maokektkbes bo –c`rna `llacar`tam okcar,’ –`llacar`tam okcar,’ `em –si`ccar rapbrtken lbip`ey’ ke Tuca 04d-4 bo tfa Axlf`ena @lt. (Lfalh bea)7 C`rna `llacar`tam okcar   É   @llacar`tam okcar   ‖ Ebe-`llacar`tam okcar   ‖ (Mb ebt lfalh ko ` si`ccar rapb pbrrtken lbi bip p`ey) \i`ccar rapb pbrrtken lbip`ey   ‖ Kemkl`ta dy lfalh i`rh wfatfar tfa Tankstr`et ks ` sfacc lbip`ey (`s maokeam dy Tuca 04d-4 bo tfa Axlf`ena @lt). [as   ‖   Eb   É @s bo Guea <:, 4::6, tfa `nnran`ta i`rhat v`cua bo vbtken stblh facm dy ebe-`ookck`tas bo tfa Tankstr`et, d`sam upbe tfa lcbsken s`cas prkla obr tfa Tankstr`et‛s lbiibe stblh, `s rapbrtam be tfa E@\M@P Ncbd`c \acalt I`rhat, w`s $44,<?0,<<>,=:?. \f`ras bo lbiibe stblh  facm dy a`lf booklar `em mkraltbr `em dy a`lf parsbe wfb bwes 0: parlaet br ibra bo tfa butst`emken lbiibe stblh f`va daae axlcumam ke tf`t sulf parsbes i`y da maaiam tb da `ookck`tas. ]fks matarike`tkbe bo `ookck`ta st`tus ks ebt ealass`rkcy ` lbelcuskva matarike`tkbe obr `ey btfar purpbsa. ]fa euidar bo sf`ras bo tfa Tankstr`et‛s lbiibe stblh butst`emken `s bo Oadru`ry 0<, 4::; w`s 0,<;=,4:0,0:1.

MBLQIAE]\ KELBTZBT@]AM D[ TAOATAELA ]fa obccbwken mbluiaets (br p`rts tfarabo) `ra kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela ketb tfa obccbwken p`rts bo tfks Obri 0:-H7 Zrbxy \t`taiaet obr tfa 4::; @eeu`c Iaatken bo \tblhfbcmars”Z`rt KKK Ktais 0:, 00, 04, 0< `em 0=.

 

[@FBB! KEL. Obri 0:-H Oksl`c [a`r Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 KEMAV K]AI

Z`na

Z@T] K K]AI 0 K]AI K]AI K] AI 0@ 0@ K]AI K] AI 0D 0D K]AI K] AI 4 K]AI K] AI < K]AI K] AI =

Duskea Dusk eass ss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tksh Tk sh O`l O`ltb tbrs rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qera Qe rasb sbcv cvam am \t` \t`oo oo Lbi Lbiia iaets ets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrbp Zr bpar artk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Can` Ca n`cc Zrbl Zrblaa aamk mken enss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \udi \u diks kssk skbe be bo bo I`tt I`ttar arss tb ` _bt _btaa bo \a \alu lurkt rkty y Fbcm Fbcmar arss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

< 00 4= 4= 41 41

Z@T] KK K]AI 1 I`rhatt obr Tanks I`rha Tankstr`et‛s tr`et‛s Lbiibe Aqukt Aqukty, y, Tac`tam Tac`tam \tblhf \tblhfbcmar bcmar I`tta I`ttars rs `em Kssua Kssuarr Zurlf`sas Zurlf`sas bo  Aquk Aq ukty ty \al \alur urkt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K]AI K] AI ? \aca \a calt ltam am Oke Oke`e `elk lk`c `c M`t M`t`` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K]AI K]A I> I`e`na I`e `naiae iaet‛s t‛s Mks Mkslus lusskb skbe e `em `em @e` @e`cys cysks ks bo Oke` Oke`elk elk`c `c Lbem Lbemktkb ktkbe e `em `em Tas Tasucts ucts bo Bpar Bpar`tk `tkbes bes . . . . K]AI K]A I >@ Pu` Pu`etk etkt`t t`tkva kva `em `em Pu`c Pu`ckt` kt`tkv tkvaa Mkslcb Mkslcbsur suras as @dbu @dbutt I`rha I`rhatt Tksh Tksh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K]AI K]A I6 Oke`el Oke `elk`c k`c \t`t \t`taia aiaets ets `em `em \upp \uppcai caiaet aet`ry `ry M`t` M`t` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4? 46 4; 14 1=

K]AI K]A I ;@ ; K]A K]AI I K]AI K] AI ;D ;D

K]AI 0: K]AI K]AI K]A I 00 K]AI 04 K]AI 0< K]AI K]A I 0=

K]AI K]A I 01

Lf`ena Lf` enas ke m`em ke `eZrblam m Mks`n Mk s`nraa raaiae ^ @llbue b. e. .@llbu @l `e Ok Mk Lbe Lbetrb trbcs css `em `e Zrb lamura uras s iaets . . . ts . . ^ktf . .ktf . . .@ll . . .buet`e . . .t`ets . . ts . . be . .lbuetke . . .etken . . .n. .`em . m. .Oke`e . .e`elk` . . lk`c . . .c .Mkslc . .slcbsu . . bsura . . .ra. . .. .. .. Btfa Bt farr Keob Keobri` ri`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Z@T] KKK Mkralt Mkr altbrs brs,, Axalut Axalutkva kva Book Booklar larss `em Lbr Lbrpbr pbr`ta `ta Nbva Nbvare` re`ela ela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Axalut Axa lutkva kva Lbip Lbipaes aes`tk `tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \alurkty \alur kty Bwearsfkp Bwearsfkp bo Lart`ke Lart`ke Daeaokl Daeaoklk`c k`c Bwears Bwears `em I`e`nai I`e`naiaet aet `em Tac`tam Tac`tam \tblhfb \tblhfbcmar cmar I`tt I` ttar arss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lart`ke Lart` ke Tac`tkbe Tac`tkbesfkps sfkps `em Tac`ta Tac`tam m ]r`es`lt ]r`es`ltkbes, kbes, `em Mkraltb Mkraltbrr Kemapaema Kemapaemaela ela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrkelk Zrk elkp`c p`c @llb @llbuet uet`et `et Oaas Oaas `em \arv \arvkla klass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z@T] K_ Axfkdk Axf kdkts ts `em `em Oke`el Oke`elk`c k`c \t`t \t`taia aiaet et \lfam \lfamuca ucass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \kne`t \kn e`tura urass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

004 004 004 00 4

00< 00< 00< 00< 00= 00=

00= 001

]fa tr`mai`rhs `em/br rankstaram tr`mai`rhs bo [`fbb! Kel. `em kts sudskmk`rkas raoarram tb farake kelcuma, dut  `ra ebt cki ckikta ktam m tb, [`f [`fbb! bb!,, [!, mac mac.kl .klkb. kb.us, us, Ockl Ocklhr, hr, Fbt FbtGbd Gbds, s, Dkx Dkx,, Nab Nablkt lktkas kas,, Gui Guiplu plut, t, C`u C`uelf elf,, Ius Iuskli kli`tl `tlf, f, Bvartura, Bvart ura, `em tfakr raspaltkva raspaltkva cbnbs. @cc btfar e`ias `ra tr`mai tr`mai`rhs `rhs `em/br rankstaram rankstaram tr`mai tr`mai`rhs `rhs bo tfakr  raspaltkva bwears.

4

 

Z`rt K Ktai 0.   Duskeass B_AT_KA^ [`fbb! Kel., tbnatfar wktf kts lbesbckm`tam sudskmk`rkas (–[`fbb!,’ tfa –Lbip`ey,’ –bur,’ –wa,’ br –us’), ks ` ca`mken ncbd`c Ketareat dr`em `em bea bo tfa ibst tr`ooklham Ketareat mastke`tkbes wbrcmwkma. [`fbb! ks oblusam be pbw pbwark arken en kts lbi lbiiue iuektk ktkas as bo usa usars, rs, `mv `mvart artksa ksars, rs, pud pudcks cksfar fars, s, `em mav mavacb acbpar parss dy lra lra`tk `tken en kemk kemkspa spaes` es`dca dca axp axpark arkael aelas as br dukct duk ct be tru trust. st. ]bn ]bnatf atfar ar wktf burwabwe bweam amprbvkma `em bpa bpar`ta r`tam m bec beckea kea prb prbpar partka tkass `em sarvkl vklas astb(–[ (–[`fb `fbb! b! Zrbpartkas’ –Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas’), `csb bur `mvartksken booarkens `em sar `llass Ketareat usars daybem [`fbb! tfrbunf bur mkstrkdutkbe eatwbrh bo tfkrm-p`rty aetktkas (–@ookck`tas’), wfb f`va ketanr`tam bur `mvartksken booarkens ketb tfakr ^adsktas, raoarram tb `s @ookck`ta sktas, br tfakr btfar booarkens. ^a naear`ta ravaeuas dy prbvkmken i`rhatken sarvklas tb `mvartksars `lrbss ` i`gbrkty bo [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em @ookck`ta sktas. @mmktkbe`ccy, `ctfbunf i`ey bo tfa sarvklas wa prbvkma tb bur usars `ra oraa, wa mb lf`rna oaas obr ` r`ena bo praikui sarvklas. ]fa lbra bo bur str`tany `em bpar`tkbes ks tb dalbia tfa st`rtken pbket obr Ketareat usars8 tb prbvkma iust duy i`rhatken sbcutkbes obr tfa wbrcm‛s c`rnast `mvartksars8 `em tb mackvar kemustry-ca`mken bpae pc`tobris tf`t `ttr`lt mavacbpars `em pudcksfars. ^a prbvkma savar`c hay st`rtken pbkets wfara Ketareat usars st`rt tfakr m`kcy beckea `ltkvkty, tfrbunf sulf sarvklas `s tfa [`fbb! Fbia Z`na8 \a`rlf8 `em I`kc8 `em tfrbunf bur ibdkca sbcutkbes, sulf `s [`fbb! Nb. ^a `ra oblusam be axp`emken bur lbiiuektkas bo usars `em maapaeken tfakr aen`naiaet be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas dy booarken lbipaccken Ketareat sarvklas `em aooaltkvacy ketanr`tken sa`rlf, lbiiuekty, parsbe`ckz`tkbe, `em lbetaet tb lra`ta ` pbwarouc usar axparkaela. ^a dackava tf`t axp`emken bur lbiiuektkas bo usars wkcc aef`ela tfa v`cua bo bur usars tb `mvartksars `mvartks ars `em ca`m tb kelra`sam spaemken dy `mvartksars be bur Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas `em @ookck`ta sktas. sktas. ^a prbvkma ` r`ena bo i`rhatken sarvklas tf`t i`ha kt a`skar `em ibra aooaltkva obr `mvartksars `em i`rhatars tb ra`lf `em lbeealt wktf usars wfb vkskt [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em bur @ookck`ta sktas. ^a dackava tf`t bur i`rhatken sarvklas ae`dca `mvartksars tb mackvar fknfcy racav`et i`rhatken iass`nas tb tfakr t`rnat `umkaelas. ^a `ttr`lt mavacbpars `em pudcksfars wktf `e `rr`y bo keebv`tkva `em a`skcy `llasskdca ^ad sarvklas, talfekl`c rasburlas, tbbcs, `em lf`eeacs ae`dcken tfai tb a`skcy lra`ta keebv`tkva `ppckl`tkbes `em lbesuiar axparkaelas tfrbunf tfa [`fbb! Bpae \tr`tany (–[!B\’). [`fbb! w`s mavacbpam `em okrst i`ma `v`kc`dca ke 0;;= dy bur obuemars, M`vkm Okcb `em Garry [`en, wfkca tfay wara nr`mu`ta stumaets `t \t`eobrm Qekvarskty. ^a wara kelbrpbr`tam ke 0;;1 `em `ra ` Mac`w`ra lbrpbr`tkbe. ^a `ra fa` fa`mqu `rtaram ram ke \ue \ueeyv eyv`ca `ca, , L`c L`ckob kobrek` rek`, , `em f`v f`va a boo bookla klas ke ibr ibraatbtf` tf`e e 41 lbuetrk lbu etrkas, as, prb prbvke vkelas las,, br tarrktbrkas ke mqu`rta wfklf [`fbb! lbemults duskeass dy booarken prbmults brs sarvklas cbl`c `umkaelas.

I`e`naiaet `em Db`rm bo Mkraltbrs Lf`enas Obccbwken bur `eeu`c iaatken `em acaltkbe bo mkraltbrs be @unust 0, 4::6, Tbdart Hbtklh raskneam orbi bur Db`rm bo Mkraltbrs (bur –Db`rm’) `em L`rc Kl`fe w`s `ppbketam tb bur Db`rm tb okcc tfa v`l`ely. Ke `mmktkbe, be @unust 0=, 4::6, bur Db`rm w`s axp`emam orbi ; tb 00 mkraltbrs `em Or`eh Dkbemk, Gr. `em Gbfe Lf`ppca wara `ppbketam `s mkraltbrs. Be G`eu`ry 0<, 4::;, wa `eebuelam tf`t Garry [`en f`m stappam mbwe `s bur Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar (–LAB’) `em ratuream tb fks obriar rbca `s Lfkao [`fbb `em tf`t L`rbc D`rtz f`m daae `ppbketam `s bur eaw LAB. Ir. [`en lbetkeuas tb sarva be bur Db`rm, `em be G`eu`ry 0<, 4::;, bur Db`rm w`s axp`emam orbi 00 tb 04 mkraltbrs `em Is. D`rtz w`s `ppbketam `s ` mkraltbr. Be G`eu`ry 0<, 4::;, wa `eebuelam tf`t \ua Malhar kemkl`tam sfa wbucm raskne `otar ` tr`esktkbe parkbm. Is. Malhar‛s m`ta bo raskne`tkbe wkcc da @prkc 0, 4::;. Be Oadru`ry Oadru` ry 4?, 4::;, wa `eebu `eebuelam elam tf`t Dc`ha Gbrnaesae, Gbrnaesae, Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar bo tfa Lbip`ey, wkcc da ca`vk ca`vken en <

 

tfa Lbip`ey. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s kektk`tam ` sa`rlf obr ` eaw Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar. Ir. Gbrnaesae wkcc rai`ke wktf tfa Lbip`ey `s kts Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar tfrbunf ` tr`esktkbe parkbm.

4::6 FKNFCKNF]\ Obccbwken `ra sbia bo bur hay `llbipcksfiaets murken 4::6 mkraltam `t ourtfarken bur str`tankl bdgaltkvas7

Qsars”Aen`naiaet `em Booarkens • C`uelf C`uelfam am tfa eax eaxt-n t-naea aear`t r`tkbe kbe bo [`f [`fbb! bb! I`k I`kc, c, uek uekoyke oyken n ai` ai`kc, kc, kes kest`e t`ett ias iass`n s`nken ken (–KI (–KI’) ’) `em ibd ibdkca kca tax taxtt iass`nken (–\I\’). • Axp`emam Axp`emam tfa `v`kc `v`kc`dkckt `dkckty y bo [`fbb! \a`rlf @sskst, bur p`taetam sa`rlf `sskst`ela `sskst`ela talfebcbny talfebcbny tf`t prbvkmas ra`c-tkia sa`rlf sunnastkbes `em rac`tam lbelapts tb facp usars nat racav`et rasucts o`star `em a`skar. • C`uelf C`uelfam am ibd ibdkca kca booarkens booarkens,, kel kelcum cumken ken [`fbb! [`fbb! bea bea\a` \a`rlf rlf 4.:, ` eaw varskbe varskbe bo bur ibdkca sa`rlf sa`rlf sar sarvkl vkla, a, [`fbb! Nb <.:, ` eaw varskbe bo bur ibdkca `cc-ke-bea `ppckl`tkbe, `em [`fbb! beaLbeealt, wfklf `nnran`tas lbiiuekl`tkbes tbbcs sulf `s `mmrass dbbh `em ai`kc be tfa kZfbea.

@mvartksars”I`rhatken \arvklas • C`uelfam C`uelfam @Z] orbi [`fbb!, bur eaw mkspc`y `mvartksken `mvartksken pc`tobri maskneam maskneam tb skipckoy tfa prblass bo duyken `em saccken `mvartksaiaets beckea. • Axp`emam Axp`emam `em ketrbmulam kiprbvaiaets kiprbvaiaets tb bur sa`rlf i`rhatken i`rhatken systai, kelcumken lbipcatken lbipcatken tfa ncbd`c rbcc-but bo tfa systai. • Lbetke Lbetkeuam uam tfa axp axp`es `eskbe kbe bo bur Eaw Eawsp` sp`par par Lbe Lbesbr sbrtkui tkui dy `mm `mmken ken 00 eaw iamk` fbc fbcmken mken lbip`eka lbip`ekas, s, kelra`sken tfa euidar bo eawsp`pars ke tfa Lbesbrtkui tb ` tbt`c bo ea`rcy 6:: p`rtklkp`tken eawsp`pars.

Bpae Zc`tobris • C`uelf C`uelfam am [!B [!B\, \, pc` pc`tobr tobris is mas maskne kneam am tb bpa bpae e [`f [`fbb! bb! tb tfk tfkrm rm p`r p`rty ty mav mavacb acbpar parss `em pudcksfar pudcksfarss `em lra`ta lra`ta keebv`tkva `ppckl`tkbes `em usar axparkaelas tf`t wkcc rue `lrbss tfa [`fbb! eatwbrh `em daybem. • C`uelfam C`uelfam tfa [`fbb! @ppckl`tkbe @ppckl`tkbe Zc`tobri (–[!@Z’), (–[!@Z’), ` or`iaw or`iawbrh brh obr dukcmken wad `ppckl`tkbes `ppckl`tkbes tf`t tfkrmp`rty mavacbpars l`e usa tb lra`ta keebv`tkva `ppckl`tkbes `em usar axparkaelas tf`t wkcc rue `lrbss tfa [`fbb! eatwbrh `em daybem. • Ketrbmulam Ketrbmulam ` eaw bpae ^ad sarvklas pc`tobri, pc`tobri, Dukcm ybur Bwe \a`rlf \arvkla \arvkla br [`fbb! \a`rlf DB\\, tf`t prbvkmas tfkrm p`rty mavacbpars `llass tb [`fbb! \a`rlf keor`strultura `em talfebcbny. • Ketrbmulam Ketrbmulam \a`rlfIbehay, \a`rlfIbehay, `e bpae pc`tobri ae`dcken pudcksfars pudcksfars `em mavacbpars mavacbpars tb lustb lustbikza ikza [`fbb! \a`rlf tb prbvkma rklfar, ibra racav`et, `em t`rnatam sa`rlf rasucts obr usars. ^a axpalt tb lbetkeua tb `lqukra br i`ha kevastiaets ke lbip`ekas, prbmults, sarvklas, `em talfebcbnkas ke tfa outura. outu ra. \aa Ebt Ebtaa <”– <”–@lq @lquks uksktk ktkbes bes’’ bo tfa Ebt Ebtas as tb tfa lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam oke oke`el `elk`c k`c st` st`tai taiaet aets, s, wfk wfklf lf `pp `ppa`r a`rss ke Z`rt KK, Ktai 6 bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H obr `mmktk `mmktkbe`c be`c keobri`tkbe keobri`tkbe rac`tam tb bur `lquk `lquksktkbe sktkbes. s.

Q\AT BOOATKEN\ Bur booarkens tb usars be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas lurraetcy o`cc ketb skx l`tanbrkas7 Orbet Mbbrs, Lbiiuektkas, \a`rlf, Lbiiuekl`tkbes, @umkaela, `em Lbeealtam Ckoa.

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Orbet Mbbrs Bur Orbet Mbbrs booarkens kelcuma [`fbb! Orbet Z`na, Iy [`fbb!, `em [`fbb! ]bbcd`r. ]fasa booarkens `ra naear`ccy prbvkmam tb usars oraa bo lf`rna. ^a naear`ta ravaeuas orbi bur Orbet Mbbrs booarkens prki`rkcy orbi mkspc`y `mvartksken. [`fbb! Orbet Z`na  (www.y`fbb.lbi) ks ` e`vkn`tkbe fud `em st`rtken pbket ketb [`fbb! Zrbpartkas wfara usars

f`va tfa `dkckty tb parobri ` ^ad sa`rlf, ra`m tfa c`tast eaws, `em okem ckehs tb btfar [`fbb! ^adsktas.  Iy [`fbb!  ks ` parsbe`ckzam st`rt p`na tf`t mackvars rankstaram usars keobri`tkbe bo parsbe`c ketarast vk` ` usar-

lustbikzam ketaro`la. [`fbb! ]bbcd` ]bbcd`r  r  ks ` ^ad drbwsar `mm-be tf`t ae`dcas usars tb lbevaekaetcy `llass [`fbb! Zrbpartkas orbi

`eywfara be tfa ^ad.

Lbiiuektkas Bur Lbiiuektkas booarkens, kelcumken [`fbb! Nrbups, [`fbb! @eswars, `em Ocklhr, ae`dca usars tb brn`ekza ketb nrbups `em sf`ra hebwcamna `em pfbtbs. ]fasa booarkens `ra naear`ccy prbvkmam tb usars oraa bo lf`rna. ^a naear`ta ravaeuas orbi bur Lbiiuektkas booarkens prki`rkcy tfrbunf mkspc`y `mvartksken. [`fbb! Nrbups  prbvkmas iaidars wktf sf`ram `llass tb keobri`tkbe sulf `s iass`na `rlfkvas, pfbtb `cduis,

avaet l`caem`rs, `em pbccs. [`fbb! @eswars ks ` sarvkla wfara `eybea l`e `sh `em `eswar quastkbes be `ey tbpkl. Ocklhr   ks `e beck beckea ea pfb pfbtb tb i`e i`e`na `naiae iaett `em sf`rken sf`rken sar sarvkl vklaa tf` tf`tt i`h i`has as kt a`s a`sy y obr pabpca tb upc upcb`m b`m,, stb stbra, ra,

brn`ekza, `em sf`ra tfakr pfbtbs. Ke `mmktk brn`ekza, `mmktkbe be tb tfa d`skl sarvkla, Ocklhr booars ` oaa-d` oaa-d`sam sam sarvkla wktf ueckiktam stbr`na, upcb`ms, `em `e `mvartksken-oraa drbwsken `em sf`rken ketaro`la.

\a`rlf Bur \a`rlf booarkens kelcuma [`fbb! \a`rlf, [`fbb! Cbl`c, [`fbb! [accbw Z`nas `em [`fbb! I`ps `em `ra `v`kc`dca oraa tb usars `em `ra botae tfa st`rtken pbket obr bur usars e`vkn`tken tfa Ketareat `em sa`rlfken obr keobri`tkbe. ^a naear`ta ravaeuas tfrbunf bur \a`rlf booarkens orbi sa`rlf `em mkspc`y `mvartksken. [`fbb! \a`rlf, bur prbprkat`ry sa`rlf talfebcbny, prbvkmas usars wktf ` oraa sa`rlf l`p`dkckty wktf sa`rlf rasucts

r`eham `em sbrtam d`sam be racav`ela tb tfa usars‛ sa`rlf quary. Z`nas be tfa Ketareat `ra r`eham `llbrmken tb tfa tfakr kr rac racav` av`ela ela tb`ssblk`tam ` p`r p`rtkl tkluc` uc`r r qua quary ry dy `e`cyz `e` cyzken ken mbluiaet mbluia mbl uiaet et lf`r`ltarkstkls. oa`tura oa` turas, s, kel kelcum cumken ken tax taxt, t, tkt tktca ca `emrasucts maslrk mas lrkptk ptkbe be `llur`ly, sburla, ckehs, `em btfar uekqua \pbesbram sa`rlf `ra ` sudsat bo tfa bvar`cc sa`rlf rasucts `em prbvkma ckehs tb p`yken `mvartksars‛ ^ad p`nas. [`fbb! Cbl`c   ks ` st`em-`cbea cbl`c sa`rlf booarken, wfklf facps usars okem cbl`c duskeass ckstkens `em rac`tam

lbetaet sulf `s ralbiiaem`tkbes, usar ravkaws, iarlf`et pfbtbs, `em i`ps. [`fbb! I`ps  prbvkmas ketar`ltkva i`ps wktf zbbiken, ra`c-tkia tr`ookl lbemktkbes, `em `llkmaet rapbrts, tbnatfar

wktf ketanr`tam mrkvken mkraltkbes.

Lbiiuekl`tkbes Bur Lbiiuekl`tkbes booarkens kelcuma [`fbb! I`kc, Wkidr` I`kc, `em [`fbb! Iassaenar `em prbvkma ` wkma r`ena bo lbiiuekl`tkbe sarvklas tb usars `em si`cc duskeassas `lrbss ` v`rkaty bo mavklas `em tfrbunf bur drb`md`em Ketareat `llass p`rtears. ^a booar sbia sarvklas oraa bo lf`rna tb bur usars `em `csb prbvkma sbia bo  bur sarvklas be ` oaa br sudslrkptkbe d`sks. ^a naear`ta mkspc`y `mvartksken ravaeuas orbi tfasa booarkens. 1

 

[`fbb! I`kc  prbvkmas usars wktf ` oucc-oa`turam a-i`kc oueltkbe`ckty `em axparkaela. Ke `mmktkbe tb bur oraa

a-i`kc sarvkla, obr ` sudslrkptkbe oaa, wa booar [`fbb! I`kc Zcus, ` praikui i`kc sarvkla prbvkmken oa`turas sulf `s ` mkspc`y-`m-oraa ketaro`la.  Wkidr` I`kc  ks ` iass`nken `em lbcc`dbr`tkbe `ppckl`tkbe obr amul`tkbe`c kestktutkbes, si`cc tb c`rna duskeassas,

ketareat sarvkla prbvkmars, `em nbvareiaet `naelkas. [`fbb! Iassaenar  kest`et   kest`et iass`nken (–KI’) sarvkla prbvkmas `e ketar`ltkva `em parsbe`ckzam w`y obr pabpca tb

lbeealt `em sf`ra axparkaelas be ` ra`c-tkia d`sks.

@umkaela Bur @umkaela booarkens kelcuma sbia bo tfa ibst vksktam mastke`tkbes be tfa ^ad, sulf `s [`fbb! Eaws, [`fbb! Oke`ela, `em [`fbb! \pbrts, `cben wktf i`ey `mmktkbe`c l`tanbry ca`mken prbpartkas. ^a naear`ta ravaeuas orbi bur `umkaela booarkens orbi mkspc`y `mvartksken `em oaa-d`sam sarvklas. [`fbb! Eaws  `nnran`tas stbrkas orbi i`gbr eaws `naelkas. Qsars ralakva oraa up-tb-tfa-ikeuta eaws lbvar`na

wktf vkmab, taxt, pfbtbs, `em `umkb lbetaet. [`fbb! Oke`el Oke`elaa   prbvkmas ` lbiprafaeskva sat bo oke`elk`c m`t`, keobri`tkbe, `em tbbcs tf`t facp usars i`ha

keobriam oke`elk`c malkskbes. ]fa lbetaet ks i`kecy prbvkmam tfrbunf rac`tkbesfkps wktf ` euidar bo tfkrm p`rty prbvkmars. \bia bo tfasa prbvkmars p`y ` oaa wfae ` usar ks raoarram orbi [`fbb! Oke`ela tb tfakr wadsktas. \bia oke`elk`c lbetaet, sulf `s `e`cyst rasa`rlf rapbrts, ks `csb `v`kc`dca tb usars obr ` oaa. [`fbb! \pbrts  booars oraa `em oaa-d`sam o`et`sy n`ias, up-tb-tfa-ikeuta eaws, ra`c-tkia st`tkstkls, slbras `em

n`ia upm`tas, drb`ml`st prbnr`iiken, ketanr`tam sfbppken, `em `e beckea spbrts lbiiuekty. Ke `mmktkbe, wa booar [`fbb! @utbs, [`fbb! Obbm, [`fbb! N`ias, [`fbb! Fa`ctf, [`fbb! Hkms, [`fbb! Ibvkas, [`fbb! Iuskl, [`fbb! Zarsbe`cs, [`fbb! Ta`c Ast`ta, \fkea, [`fbb! \fbppken, [`fbb! ]alf, [`fbb! ]r`vac, [`fbb! ]_, `em bin!.

Lbeealtam Ckoa Bur Lbeealtam Ckoa duskeass kelcumas [`fbb! Ibdkca `em [`fbb! Lbeealtam ]_. Lbeealtam Ckoa booars sarvklas maskneam maskne am tb prbvkm prbvkmaa usars wktf a`sy `llass tb tfa bpae Ketareat `em tfakr [`fbb! lbetaet `em lbiiuektkas `lrbss ` v`rkaty bo Ketareat-ae`dcam mavklas kelcumken ibdkca mavklas `em tacavkskbe. [`fbb! Ibdkca  ks oblusam be lra`tken axparkaelas spalkokl`ccy dukct obr tfa ibdkca aevkrbeiaet, dukcmken bpae

ibdkca pc`tobris, `em mrkvken ibdkca `mvartksken bppbrtuektkas. ^a booar `mvartksken sbcutkbes ke 4< tarrktbrkas `lrbss Ebrtf @iarkl`, C`tke @iarkl`, Aurbpa, `em @sk`. ^a naear`ta ravaeuas orbi [`fbb! Ibdkca dy saccken tr`mktkbe`c tr`mktk be`c mkspc`y `em sa`rl sa`rlf f `mvar `mvartksken tksken be tfa ibdkca pfbea. @mmktkbe`ccy, @mmktkbe`ccy, [`fbb! Ibdkca `csb naear`tas naear`tas oaas ravaeuas dy mkstrkdutken kts sarvklas tfrbunf ibdkca bpar`tbrs `em mavkla i`euo`lturars.

BOOATKEN\ @EM \AT_KLA\ ]B @M_AT]K\AT\ @EM ZQDCK\FAT\ ^a saah tb prbvkma tfa ibst aooklkaet `em aooaltkva i`rhatken sarvklas obr `mvartksars `em pudcksfars. @mvartksars `ra kelra`sken tfakr usa bo beckea iamk` `s kemkvkmu`cs sfkot tfakr iamk` lbesuiptkbe `w`y orbi tr`mktkbe`c tacavkskbe `em prket iamk` tbw`rms tfa Ketareat. ^a booar Ketareat i`rhatken sbcutkbes tf`t ae`dca usars tb ketar`lt wktf bur `mvartksars‛ dr`ems `s wacc `s prbvkma v`cu`dca kesknfts tb bur `mvartksars `em pudcksfars `dbut tfakr lustbiar lustbi ar d`sa. ^a booar ` sukta bo t`rnat t`rnatam am i`rhatken sarvklas obr bur `mvartksars `mvartksars `em pudcksfars, pudcksfars, wfklf kelcumas kelcumas dr`em dukcmken tb kelra`sa lbesuiar `w`raeass, mkralt i`rhatken, ca`m naear`tkbe, `em lbiiarla sarvklas. Bur booarkens booarke ns ae`dca i`rhat i`rhatars ars tb mkspc` mkspc`y y tfakr `mvartksaiaets `mvartksaiaets ke mkooara mkooaraet et obri`t obri`tss `em ke mkooara mkooaraet et cbl`tk cbl`tkbes bes be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em be bur @ookck`ta sktas `em tb bptkikza tfakr parobri`ela `n`kest tfakr i`rhatken bdgaltkvas. ?

 

Ke `mmktkbe, wa booar ` drb`m r`ena bo tbbcs obr beckea mkspc`y `mvartksken, kelcumken rklf iamk`, vkmab, `em t`rnatken. Bur hebwcamna bo bur `umkaela ae`dcas `mvartksars `em pudcksfars tb ra`lf tfakr maskram lbiiuektkas dy pc`lken lbetaxtu`ccy racav`et `mvartksken be dbtf bur Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas `em tfa sktas bo bur @ookck`tas. Ke c`ta 4::6, wa c`uelfam @Z] orbi [`fbb!, bur eaw mkspc`y `mvartksken pc`tobri maskneam tb skipckoy tfa prblass bo duyken `em saccken `mvartksaiaets beckea dy prbvkmken `e ketanr`tam, wad-d`sam sbcutkbe tf`t wkcc uctki`tacy uctki` tacy o`lkck o`lkckt`ta t`ta lrbss-saccken lrbss-saccken `lrbss ` c`rna bpae eatwbr eatwbrh h bo pudcks pudcksfars fars `em `mvar `mvartksars tksars,, ae`dc ae`dcken ken `mvar `mvartksars tksars tb dattar t`rnat `umkaelas `em pudcksfars tb dattar ibeatkza tfakr lbetaet. @Z] orbi [`fbb! ks daken rbccam but ke pf`sas. ^a lbiiaelam tfa rbccbut bo @Z] orbi [`fbb! tb sacalt iaidars bo tfa Eawsp`par Lbesbrtkui ke 4::6. ^a pc`e tb lbetkeua bur rbccbut ke pf`sas. ^a naear`ta ravaeuas dy prbvkmken i`rhatken sarvklas sarvklas tb `mvartksars `mvartksars `lrbss ` i`gbrkty bo [`fbb [`fbb!! Zrbpar Zrbpartkas tkas `em @ookck`ta sktas. ]fa i`gbrkty bo bur i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeua ks orbi s`cas bo sa`rlf `em mkspc`y `mvartksken.

B]FAT BOOATKEN\ @EM \AT_KLA\ Ke `mmktkbe tb booarken i`rhatken sarvklas tb `mvartksars `em pudcksfars, wa `csb prbvkma tfa obccbwken sarvklas7 [`fbb! FbtGbd FbtGbdss  prbvkmas lbiprafaeskva sbcutkbes obr aipcbyars, st`ooken okris, `em gbd saahars. ^a naear`ta

ravaeuas orbi [`fbb! FbtGbds tfrbunf aipcbyars `em st`ooken okris tf`t p`y tb `llass bur m`t`d`sa bo gbd saahars `em usa bur tbbcs tb pbst, tr`lh, `em i`e`na gbd bpaekens. [`fbb! \i`cc Duskea Duskeass ss   prbvkmas ` lbiprafaeskva `em ketanr`tam sukta bo oaa-d`sam beckea sarvklas kelcumken

[`fbb! Mbi`kes, [`fbb! ^ad Fbstken, [`fbb! Duskeass I`kc, `em bur a-lbiiarla pc`tobri l`ccam [`fbb! Iarlf`et \bcutkbes. ^a naear`ta ravaeuas orbi [`fbb! \i`cc Duskeass prki`rkcy tfrbunf usar sudslrkptkbe oaas.

BZAE ZC@]OBTI\ ^a ketrbmulam tfa [!B\ pc`tobri, `e kektk`tkva maskneam tb i`ha tfa [`fbb! axparkaela ibra sblk`c obr bur usars, bpae [`fbb! tb tfkrm p`rty mavacbpars `em pudcksfars, mrkva r`pkm keebv`tkbe ke tfa usar axparkaela, `em pbsktkbe [`fbb! `s ` hay pc`tobri obr tfa rast bo tfa ^ad. Ke 4::6, wa dan`e axalutkbe bo bur [!B\ str`tany dy c`uelfken varskbe 0.: bo tfa [!B\ pc`tobri. Hay ikcastbeas kelcumam ketrbmultkbes bo tfa obccbwken7 [`fbb! I`kc,   tfa eaxt-naear`tkbe bo [`fbb! I`kc tf`t prbvkmas rklfar lbiiuekl`tkbes dy drkenken tbnatfar

lbiiuekl`tkbes lf`eeacs (ai`kc, KI, \I\) `em sblk`c ketar`ltkbes ketb [`fbb! I`kc‛s kedbx, ` st`rtken pbket obr ^ad usars. [!@Z, `e `ppckl`tkbe pc`tobri tf`t tfkrm-p`rty mavacbpars l`e usa tb lra`ta keebv`tkva `ppckl`tkbes `em lbesuiar

axparkaelas tf`t wkcc rue `lrbss tfa [`fbb! eatwbrh `em daybem. [`fbb! \a`rlf DB\\ , `e bpae sa`rl sa`rlf f wad sarvklas pc`tobri tf`t ae`dca ae`dcass mavacbpars, mavacbpars, st`rtst`rt-ups, ups, `em c`rna Ketareat

lbip`ekas tb dukcm wad-sl`ca sa`rlf prbmults dy utkckzken tfa aetkra [`fbb! \a`rlf kemax.

NCBD@C DQ\KEA\\ ^a ia`sura bur duskeass nabnr`pfkl`ccy d`sam be twb saniaets7 tfa Qektam \t`tas `em Ketare`tkbe`c. @mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe raqukram dy tfks ktai ks kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela tb Ebta 0=”–\aniaets’ bo tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets, wfklf `ppa`rs ke Z`rt KK, Ktai 6 bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H. ^a prbvkma sarvklas ke ibra tf`e <: c`enu`nas `em ke ibra tf`e <: lbuetrkas, rankbes, `em tarrktbrkas, kelcumken cbl`ckzam varskbes bo [`fbb! ke @rnaetke`, @ustr`ck`, Dr`zkc, L`e`m`, Lfkca, Lfke`, Lbcuidk`, Or`ela, Nari`ey, Nraala, Fben Hben, Kemk`, Kembeask`, Krac`em, Kt`cy, G`p`e, Hbra`, I`c`ysk`, Iaxklb, Eatfarc`ems, Eaw Wa`c`em, Zaru, Zfkckppkeas, Tussk`, \l`emke`vk` (Maei`rh, Ebrw`y, \wamae), \ken`pbra, \p`ke, \wktzarc`em, ]`kw`e, ]f`kc`em, ]urhay, tfa Qektam Hkenmbi, tfa Qektam \t`tas, _aeazuac`, `em _kate`i. >

 

Butskma bo e`tkva Aencksf spa`hken lbuetrkas, wa prbvkma sbia bo bur ibst pbpuc`r usar sarvklas tfrbunf [`fbb! @sk` (bur Aencksf c`enu`na pbrt`c tb \butfa`st @sk`), [`fbb! Lfkeasa (Qektam \t`tas Lfkeasa c`enu`na skta), [`fbb! L`e`m` ae Or`eî`ks (Oraelf L`e`mk`e skta), `em [`fbb! ae L`t`cê (p`rt bo [`fbb! \p`ke‛s L`t`c`e c`enu`na booarkens). ^a bwe bur ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tkbes (axlapt ke @ustr`ck`, Eaw Wa`c`em, Lfke`, `em G`p`e wfara wa f`va gbket vaeturas `em/br ikebrkty ketarasts). ^a suppbrt tfasa duskeassas tfrbunf ` eatwbrh bo booklas wbrcmwkma. Tavaeuas `ra prki`r Tavaeuas prki`rkcy kcy `ttrkd `ttrkdutam utam tb kemkvk kemkvkmu`c mu`c lbuetrkas `llbrmken tb tfa ketare`tkbe`c ketare`tkbe`c beckea prbparty tf`t naear`tam tfa ravaeuas. Keobri`tkbe ran`rmken rkshs kevbcvken bur ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tkbes ks kelcumam ke Z`rt K, Ktai 0@. –Tksh O`ltbrs’ bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H `em ks kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.

\@CA\ ^a i`ket`ke tfraa prki`ry lf`eeacs obr saccken bur i`rhatken sarvklas7 mkralt, beckea, `em tacas`cas. Bur mkralt `mvartksken s`cas ta`i oblusas be saccken bur mkspc`y `em sa`rlf i`rhatken sarvklas `em sbcutkbes tb ca`mken `mvartksken `naelkas `em i`rhatars ke tfa Q.\. Bur beckea lf`eeac bpar`tas `em ks oucokccam dy ` saco-sarvkla prbnr`i tf`t ae`dcas `mvartksars tb pc`la t`rnatam taxt-d`sam ckehs tb tfakr ^adsktas be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `s wacc `s be bur @ookck`ta sktas. Bur tacas tacas`cas `cas lf`eeac oblusas be s`cas bo i`rhat i`rhatken ken sarvklas tb si`ccsi`cc-`em `em iamkui-skzam iamkui-skzam duskeassas. ^a aipcby s`cas prboasskbe`cs prboasskbe`cs ke cbl`t cbl`tkbes kbes `lrbss tfa Q.\., kelcum kelcumken ken @tc`e @tc`et`, t`, Dbstb Dbstbe, e, Lfkl` Lfkl`nb, nb, M`cc`s, Matrbkt, Fkccsdbrb, Fkccsd brb, Cbs @enac @enacas, as, Ik`ik, Eaw [brh, \`e Or`elkslb, `em \ueeyv`ca. Ke tfa ketare`tkbe`c ketare`tkbe`c i`rhats, wa f`va aktfar bur bwe ketare`c s`cas prboasskbe`cs br wa f`va ast`dcksfam s`cas `naely rac`tkbesfkps ke 1: lbuetrkas. Eb kemkvkmu`c lustbiar raprasaetam ibra tf`e 0: parlaet bo bur ravaeuas ke 4::?, 4::>, br 4::6. Ketareat us`na ks sudga Ketareat sudgalt lt tb sa`s sa`sbe`c be`c ocultu`tkbes, ocultu`tkbes, typkl` typkl`ccy ccy malcke malckeken ken murken lustbi lustbi`ry `ry suiiar v`l`t v`l`tkbe kbe parkbm parkbmss `em ibst `ltkva murken tfa oburtf qu`rtar fbckm`y parkbm mua tb kelra`sam beckea rat`kc `ltkvkty. ]fks sa`sbe`ckty f`s `ooaltam `em wa axpalt wkcc lbetkeua tb `ooalt bur duskeass `em qu`rtarcy saquaetk`c ravaeua nrbwtf r`tas.

I@THA]KEN ]fa [`fbb! dr`em ks bea bo tfa ibst wkmacy ralbnekzam ke tfa wbrcm. I`ket`keken `em nrbwken tf`t dr`em ae`dcass us tb `ttr`l ae`dca `ttr`lt, t, rat`ke rat`ke,, `em ibra maapcy aen`na usars, `mvartksars, `mvartksars, pudcksfars, pudcksfars, `em mavacb mavacbpars. pars. ^a dackav dackavaa ` nra`t nra `t dr` dr`em em dan dankes kes wkt wktf f nra nra`t `t prbm prbmult ults, s, sar sarvkl vklas, as, `em lbe lbetae taet. t. Bur i`rhatken i`rhatken ta` ta`is is aen aen`na `na ke a`l a`lf f sta stap p bo  prbmult `em sarvklas mavacbpiaet, mapcbyiaet, `em i`e`naiaet `em lbetaet maskne tb uemarst`em bur booarkens `em fbw dast tb i`rhat tfai tb bur lbiiuektkas bo pbtaetk`c `em axkstken usars. Bur i`rhatken lbiiuekl`tkbes‛ aoobrts facp `llacar`ta prbmult ibiaetui, `w`raeass, `mbptkbe, `em aen`naiaet. ^a usa beckea, tacavkskbe, prket, r`mkb, `em butmbbr `mvartksken, `em wa cavar`na bur ncbd`c beckea eatwbrh `em bur mkstrkdutkbe p`rtearsfkps tb i`rhat bur prbmults `em sarvklas tb tfa rknft pabpca `t tfa rknft tkia. ^ktf lbetkeuam kevastiaet ke ncbd`c dr`em `em prbmult i`rhatken, wa dackava wa l`e lbetkeua tb `ttr`lt `em aen`na usars, `mvartksars, pudcksfars, `em mavacbpars.

LBIZA]K]KBE ^a bp bpar ar`t `taa ke tfa Ke Keta tare reat at prb prbmu mult lts, s, sa sarv rvkl klas as,, `e `em m lb lbet etae aett i` i`rh rhat ats, s, wf wfkl klf f `r `raa fk fknf nfcy cy lb lbip ipat atkt ktkv kvaa `e `em m lf`r`l lf` r`ltark tarkzam zam dy r`p r`pkm km lf` lf`ena ena,, lbe lbevar varnke nken n tal talfeb febcbn cbnkas kas,, `em kel kelra` ra`ske sken n lbi lbipat patktk ktkbe. be. Bur ibs ibstt skn skneko ekokl` kl`et et lbipatktkbe lbipat ktkbe ks orbi Nbbnca Kel. (–Nbbn (–Nbbnca’), ca’), Iklrbsbot Iklrbsbot Lbrpb Lbrpbr`tkbe r`tkbe (–Iklrbsbot’), (–Iklrbsbot’), `em ]kia ^`rear Kel.‛s @iarkl @ia rkl`` Bec Beckea kea dus duskea keass ss (–@ (–@BC’ BC’ br –@i –@iark arkl` l` Bec Beckea kea’), ’), wfk wfklf lf a`l a`lf f boo booar ar `e ket ketanr anr`ta `tam m v`r v`rkat katy y bo Ket Ketare areat at 6

 

prbmults, `mvartksken sarvklas, talfebcbnkas, beckea sarvklas `em lbetaet ke ` i`eear skikc`r tb [`fbb!. ^a lbipat lbi pataa wkt wktf f tfa tfasa sa `em btfa btfarr lbi lbip`e p`ekas kas,, kel kelcum cumken ken sbl sblk`c k`c eat eatwbr wbrhke hken n skt sktas, as, sul sulf f `s O`l O`ladb adbbh, bh, Kel Kel.. `em Iy\p`la.lbi, obr usars, `mvartksars, pudcksfars, `em mavacbpars. ^a `csb lbipata wktf tfasa lbip`ekas tb bdt`ke `nraaiaets wktf sbotw`ra pudcksfars, Ketareat `llass prbvkmars, ibdkca l`rrkars, mavkla i`euo`lturars `em btfars tb prbibta br mkstrkduta bur sarvklas tb tfakr usars. ^a lbipata wktf `mvartksken eatwbrhs, sulf `s Nbbnca @m\aesa, @iarkl` Beckea‛s @m.lbi, `s wacc `s tr`mktkbe`c iamk` lbip`ekas obr ` sf`ra bo `mvartksar‛s i`rhatken dumnats. ]fa prkelkp`c lbipatktkva o`ltbrs rac`tken tb `ttr`ltken `em rat`keken usars kelcuma tfa usaouceass, `llasskdkckty, ketanr`tkbe, `em parsbe`ckz`tkbe bo tfa beckea sarvklas tf`t wa booar, tfa qu`ckty `em racav`ela bo bur sa`rlf rasuct ras ucts, s, `em tfa bva bvar`c r`ccc usa usarr axp axpark arkael aelaa be [`f [`fbb! bb! Zrb Zrbpar partka tkas. s. ]fa prk prkelk elkp`c p`c lbi lbipat patktk ktkva va o`l o`ltbr tbrss rac` rac`tke tken n tb `ttr`ltken `mvartksars `em pudcksfars `ra tfa ra`lf, aooaltkvaeass, `em aooklkaely bo bur i`rhatken sarvklas `s wacc `s tfa lra`tkvkty bo tfa i`rhatken sbcutkbes tf`t wa booar. –Ta`lf’ ks tfa `umkaela `em/br maibnr`pfkl tf`t l`e da `llassam tfrbunf tfa [`fbb! eatwbrh. –Aooaltkvaeass’ obr `mvartksars ks mackvarken `n`kest `mvartksars‛ t`rnats, ia`sur ia` surken ken tfb tfbsa sa `lf `lfkav kavaia aiaets ets `n` `n`kes kestt tfb tfbsa sa t`rn t`rnats ats `em bpt bptkik kikzke zken n obr tfa tfasa sa `lr `lrbss bss tfa [`f [`fbb! bb! eat eatwbr wbrh. h. –Aooaltkvaeass’ obr pudcksfars ks bur `mvartksken talfebcbny pc`tobris `em tfa ibeatkz`tkbe wa `ra `dca tb booar tfrbunf bur i`rhatken sarvklas. –Aooklkaely’ ks skipckoyken tfa duyken `em rapbrtken prblass `lrbss bur aetkra eatwbrh bo [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em @ookck`ta sktas obr bur `mvartksars `em pudcksfars. Ke ket ketare are`tk `tkbe` be`cc i`r i`rhat hats, s, wa `cs `csb b lbi lbipat pataa wkt wktf f cbl cbl`c `c pbr pbrt`c t`css tf` tf`tt `ra pra prambi mbike` ke`etc etcy y sup suppbr pbrtam tam dy cbl cbl`c `c tacalbiiuekl`tkbe prbvkmars br cbl`c prbvkmars bo spalkokl cbl`ccy maskneam `em i`rhatam Ketareat sarvklas, sbia bo wfklf i`y f`va ` pbtaetk`c lbipatktkva `mv`et`na mua tb `e axkstken mkralt dkccken rac`tkbesfkp wktf tfakr usars. @mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe ran`rmken lbipatktkbe ks kelcumam ke Z`rt K, Ktai 0@. –Tksh O`ltbrs’ bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H.

ZTBMQL] MA_ACBZIAE] [`fbb! lbetkeu`ccy aef`elas, axp`ems, `em c`uelfas prbmults `em oa`turas tb iaat avbcvken usar, `mvartksar, `em pudcksfar eaams obr talfebcbnkl`c keebv`tkbe `em ` maapar, ibra ketanr`tam axparkaela. Ibst bo bur sbotw`ra prbmults `em oa`turas `ra mavacbpam ketare`ccy. Fbwavar, wa purlf`sa talfebcbny `em cklaesa ketaccaltu`c prbparty rknfts wfae tfa bppbrtuekty ks str`tankl`ccy `ckneam, bpar`tkbe`ccy lbip`tkdca, `em albebi alb ebikl` kl`ccy ccy `mv `mv`et `et`na `nabus bus.. ^a dac dackav kavaa tf` tf`tt [`f [`fbb! bb! ks ebt i`t i`tark ark`cc `ccy y map mapaem aemaet aet upb upbe e ckl cklaes aesas as `em btf btfar ar `nraaiaets wktf tfkrm p`rtkas rac`tken tb prbmult mavacbpiaet. Ke 4::6, 4:: 6, wa `csb `cs b` obri obriam [`fbb! [`f bb! C`ds, C`d s, `e uidracc uid racc``ktsbrn brn`ek `ekz`t z`tkbe kbeTac`tkbes tf`tt kel tf` kelcum cumas as bur kemust kem ustry-c a`mken ken [`f [`fbb! bb! Tasa`rlf nrbup, eaw am @ppckam \lkaelas nrbup `em @l`maikl ta`i, wfklf f`sry-ca`m spa`rfa`mam hay rac`tkbesfkps wktf sbia bo tfa wbrcm‛s ibst keocuaetk`c uekvarsktkas `em kestktutkbes. [`fbb! C`ds ks maskneam tb obstar tfa cben-t cben-tari ari slkaetkokl lbipatktkvaeas lbipatktkvaeasss bo [`fbb! `s ` wbrcm ca`mar be tfa Ketareat tfrbunf luttken-amna, luttken-amna, iuctk-m iuct k-mksl kslkpck kpcke`r e`ry y ras rasa`r a`rlf lf ke ` v`r v`rkat katy y bo oka okacms cms,, kel kelcum cumken ken alb albebi ebikl kl tfa tfabry, bry, lbi lbiput putar ar slk slkael aela, a, `rt `rtkokl koklk`c k`c ketaccknaela, `em v`rkbus sblk`c slkaelas. Bur aenkeaarken `em prbmultkbe ta`is `ra prki`rkcy cbl`tam ke bur \ueeyv`ca, L`ckobrek` fa`mqu`rtars `em ke D`en`cbra, D`en` cbra, Kemk` `em Durd`eh, L`ckobrek`. L`ckobrek`. Zrbmul Zrbmultt mavacb mavacbpiaet piaet axpaesas obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 tbt`ca tbt`cam m `pprbx `pp rbxki` ki`tac tacy y $6< $6<< < ikc ikcckb ckbe, e, $0, $0,:6= :6= ikc ikcckb ckbe, e, `em $0, $0,444 444 ikcc ikcckbe kbe,, ras raspal paltkv tkvacy acy,, wfk wfklf lf kel kelcum cumam am stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa bo $0=1 ikcckbe, $406 ikcckbe, `em $0>6 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy.

KE]ACCAL]Q@C ZTBZAT][ ^a lra`ta, bwe, `em i`ket`ke ` wkma `rr`y bo ketaccaltu`c prbparty `ssats tf`t wa dackava `ra `iben bur ibst v`cu`dca `ssats. Bur ketaccaltu`c prbparty `ssats kelcuma p`taets `em p`taet `ppckl`tkbes rac`tam tb bur keebv`tkbes, ;

 

prbm prbmult ultss `em sar sarvkl vklas8 as8 tr` tr`mai mai`rh `rhss rac rac`ta `tam m tb bur dr` dr`ems ems,, prb prbmul mults ts `em sar sarvkl vklas8 as8 lbp lbpyrk yrknft nftss ke sbo sbotw` tw`ra ra `em lra`tkva lbetaet8 tr`ma salrats8 `em btfar ketaccaltu`c prbparty rknfts `em cklaesas bo v`rkbus hkems. ^a saah tb prbtalt bur ketaccaltu`c prbparty `ssats tfrbunf p`taet, lbpyrknft, tr`ma salrat, tr`mai`rh `em btfar c`ws bo tfa Q.\.. `em btf Q.\ btfar ar lbu lbuetr etrkas kas,, `em tfr tfrbun bunf f lbe lbetr` tr`ltu ltu`c `c prb prbvks vkskbe kbes. s. ^a aet aetar ar ket ketb b lbe lbeokm okmaet aetk`c k`ckty kty `em kev kevaet aetkbe kbe `sskneiaet `nraaiaets wktf bur aipcbyaas `em lbetr`ltbrs, `em ebe-mkslcbsura `nraaiaets wktf tfkrm p`rtkas wktf wfbi wa lbemult duskeass ke brmar tb salura bur prbprkat`ry rknfts `em `mmktkbe`ccy ckikt `llass tb, `em mkslcbsura bo, bur prbprkat`ry keobri`tkbe. ^a lbeskmar tfa [`fbb! tr`mai`rh `em bur i`ey rac`tam tr`mai`rhs tb da `iben bur ibst v`cu`dca `ssats `em wa f`va rankstaram tfasa tr`mai`rhs ke tfa Q.\. `em btfar lbuetrkas tfrbunfbut tfa wbrcm `em `nnrasskvacy saah tb prbtalt tfai. ^a f`va cklaesam ke tfa p`st, `em axpalt tf`t wa i`y cklaesa ke tfa outura, lart`ke bo bur prbprkat`ry rknfts, sulf `s tr`mai`rh, p`taet, lbpyrknft, `em tr`ma salrat rknfts rknf ts tb tfk tfkrm rm p`r p`rtka tkas. s. @mm @mmktk ktkbe` be`cc keob keobri` ri`tkb tkbe e ran ran`rm `rmken ken lar lart`k t`ke e rks rkshs hs rac` rac`tam tam tb bur ket ketacc accalt altu`c u`c prb prbpar party ty ks kelcumam ke Z`rt K, Ktai 0@. –Tksh O`ltbrs’ bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H.

AIZCB[AA\ @s bo Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4::6, wa f`m `pprbxki` `pprbxki`tac tacy y 0<, 0<,?:: ?:: ouc oucc-t c-tkia kia aip aipcby cbyaas aas,, `ot `otar ar nkv nkvken ken aooa aooalt lt tb bur wbrhobrla ramultkbe kipcaiaetam ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6 (saa –I`e`naiaet‛s Mkslusskbe `em @e`cysks” Lbst Tamultkbe Kektk`tkvas’ kelcumam ke Z`rt KK, Ktai > bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H). Bur outura sullass ks sudst`etk`ccy mapaemaet be tfa parobri`ela bo bur saekbr i`e`naiaet `em hay talfekl`c parsbeeac, `s wacc `s bur lbetkeuken `dkckty tb `ttr`lt, i`ket`ke tfa l`ckdar bo, `em rat`ke fknfcy qu`ckokam talfekl`c `em i`e`nark`c parsbeeac. parsbe eac. @mmktkbe`c @mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe ran`rmken ran`rmken lart` lart`ke ke rkshs rac`ta rac`tam m tb bur aipcby aipcbyaas aas ks kelcu kelcumam mam ke Z`rt K, Ktai 0@. –Tksh O`ltbrs’ bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H.

@_@KC@DCA KEOBTI@]KBE Bur ^a Bur ^ads dskt ktaa ks cb cbl` l`ta tam m `t ft fttp tp7/ 7//w /www ww.y .y`f `fbb bb.l .lbi bi.. Bu Burr ke keva vast stbr br ra rac` c`tk tkbe bess ^a ^ads dskt ktaa ks cb cbl` l`ta tam m `t fttp7//yfbb.lckaet.sf`rafbcmar.lbi/. ^a i`ha `v`kc`dca oraa bo lf`rna be bur kevastbr rac`tkbes ^adskta uemar –\AL Okckens’ bur @eeu`c Tapbrts be Obri 0:-H, Pu`rtarcy Tapbrts be Obri 0:-P, Lurraet Tapbrts be Obri 6-H, `em `ey `iaemiaets tb tfbsa rapbrts `s sbbe `s ra`sbe`dcy pr`ltkl`dca `otar wa acaltrbekl`ccy okca br oureksf sulf i`tark`cs tb tfa Q.\. \alurktkas `em Axlf`ena Lbiiksskbe (–\AL’). ]fa \AL i`ket`kes `e Ketareat skta tf`t lbet`k lbe t`kes es rap rapbrt brts, s, prb prbxy xy `em keob keobri` ri`tkb tkbe e st` st`tai taiaet aets, s, `em btfa btfarr keob keobri` ri`tkb tkbe e ran ran`rm `rmken ken bur okc okcken kenss `t fttp fttp7//  7//  www.sal.nbv.

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Ktai 0@.   Tksh O`ltbrs ^a o`la sknekokl`et lbipatktkbe obr usars, `mvartksars, pudcksfars `em mkstrkdutbrs, prkelkp`ccy orbi Nbbnca,  Iklrbsbot, `em @BC.

^a o`la sknekokl`et lbipatktkbe orbi Nbbnca, Iklrbsbot, `em @BC, wfklf a`lf booar `e ketanr`tam v`rkaty bo  Ketareat prbmults, `mvartksken sarvklas, talfebcbnkas, beckea sarvklas `em lbetaet ke ` i`eear skikc`r tb [`fbb!. @iben btfar `ra`s, wa lbipata `n`kest tfasa lbip`ekas7 • tb `ttr`lt `ttr`lt `em `em rat`ke rat`ke usars8 usars8 • tb `ttr`lt `ttr`lt `mvart `mvartksars ksars88 • tb `ttr`lt tfkrm-p`rty tfkrm-p`rty ^adskta ^adskta pudcksfars pudcksfars tb p`rtklkp`ta ke bur @ookck`ta eatwbrh8 eatwbrh8 `em • tb bdt`ke `nraaiaets wktf sbotw`ra pudcksfars, ketareat `llass prbvkmars, ibdkca l`rrkars, mavkla i`euo`lturars `em btfars tb prbibta br mkstrkduta bur sarvklas tb tfakr usars. Nbbnca,, Ikl Nbbnca Iklrbs rbsbot bot `em @BC booa booarr prb prbmul mults ts `em sar sarvkl vklas as tf` tf`tt mkr mkralt altcy cy lbi lbipat pataa obr usa usars rs wkt wktf f bur boo booark arkens ens,, kelcumken lbesuiar a-i`kc, mashtbp sa`rlf, cbl`c sa`rlf, kest`et iass`nken, pfbtbs, i`ps, vkmab sf`rken, lbetaet lf`eeacs, ibdkca `ppckl`tkbes, `em sfbppken sarvklas. ^a `cs `csb b lbi lbipat pataa wkt wktf f tr` tr`mkt mktkbe kbe`c `c iam iamk` k` lbi lbip`e p`ekas kas tb `tt `ttr`l r`ltt `mv `mvart artksk ksken en mbc mbcc`rs c`rs,, dbt dbtf f mbi mbiast astkl` kl`ccy ccy `em ketare`tkbe`ccy. Lurraetcy i`ey `mvartksars mkralt ` pbrtkbe, dut becy ` pbrtkbe, bo tfakr `mvartksken dumnats tb Ketareatt `mvart Ketarea `mvartksken. ksken. Ke raspbe raspbesa, sa, tr`mkt tr`mktkbe`c kbe`c iamk` lbip`e lbip`ekas kas `ra kelra`skency kelra`skency axp`e axp`emken mken tfakr lbetaet booark booarkens ens betb tfa ^ad `em tfus `ra lbipatken ebt becy tb haap boockea `mvartksken mbcc`rs dut `csb obr ` sf`ra bo beckea `mvartksken mbcc`rs. ^a ourtfar lbipata obr usars, `mvartksars `em mavacbpars wktf tfa wkma v`rkaty bo btfar prbvkmars bo beckea sarvklas, kelcumken sblk`c iamk` `em eatwbrhken sktas ckha O`ladbbh `em Iy\p`la.lbi. Ke ralaet ya`rs, sblk`c eatwbrhs `em sblk`c iamk` sktas f`va `ttr`ltam `e kelra`sam sf`ra bo usars‛ beckea tkia. \bia bo bur axkstken lbipatktbrs lbipatktbrs `em pbsskdca `mmktkbe`c `mmktkbe`c aetr` aetr`ets ets i`y f`va nra`tar dr`em ralbnektkbe obr lart`k lart`ke e prbmults `em sarvklas, ibra axpartksa ke ` p`rtkluc`r saniaet bo tfa i`rhat, `em nra`tar bpar`tkbe`c, str`tankl, talfebcbnkl`c, oke`elk`c, parsbeeac, br btfar rasburlas tf`e wa mb. Obr ax`ipca @BC, `s ` sudskmk`ry bo ]kia ^`rear Kel., i`y f`va `llass tb lbetaet orbi ]kia ^`rear‛s ibvka, tacavkskbe, iuskl, dbbh, parkbmkl`c, eaws, spbr sp brts ts,, `e `em m btf btfar ar ia iamk mk`` fb fbcm cmke kens ns88 `l `lla lass ss tb ` ea eatw twbr brh h bo l` l`dc dcaa `e `em m bt btfa farr dr drb` b`md md`e `em m us usar arss `e `em m ma mack ckva vary ry talfebcbnkas talfeb cbnkas88 `em `mvartksken booarkens. booarkens. Ke `mmktk `mmktkbe, be, Nbbnca `em Iklrbs Iklrbsbot bot f`va `llass tb lbeskm lbeskmar`dc ar`dcaa oke`el oke`elk`c k`c `em talfekl`c rasburlas wktf wfklf tb lbipata `nnrasskvacy, kelcumken dy ouemken outura nrbwtf `em axp`eskbe `em kevastken ke `lquksktkbes `em rasa`rlf `em mavacbpiaet. Ko bur lbipatktbrs `ra ibra sullassouc tf`e wa `ra ke mavacbpken lbipaccken prbmults br `ttr`ltken `em rat`keken usars, usa rs, `mv `mvart artksa ksars, rs, pud pudcks cksfar fars, s, mav mavacb acbpar pars, s, br mks mkstrkd trkdutb utbrs, rs, bur rav ravaeu aeuas as `em nrbw nrbwtf tf r`t r`tas as lbu lbucm cm mal malckea ckea.. Ke `mmktkbe, lbipatktbrs i`y lbesbckm`ta wktf a`lf btfar `em eaw lbipatktbrs i`y aetar tfa i`rhat. ]fa i`gbrkty bo bur ravaeuas `ra markvam orbi i`rhatken sarvklas, `em tfa ramultkbe ke spaemken dy br cbss bo   lurraet br pbtaetk`c `mvartksars wbucm l`usa bur ravaeuas `em bpar`tken rasucts tb malckea.

Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, 66 parlaet bo bur tbt`c ravaeuas l`ia orbi i`rhatken sarvklas. Bur `dkckty tb lbetkeua tb rat`ke `em nrbw i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas mapaems upbe7 • i`ket` i`ket`keken keken `em nrbwken nrbwken bur bur usar d`sa8 d`sa8 • i`ket` i`ket`keken keken `em nrbwken nrbwken bur pbpuc`rkty pbpuc`rkty `s `e Ketareat mastke`tk mastke`tkbe be skta8 • `ttr`l `ttr`ltken tken ibra `mvartksa `mvartksars rs tb bur usar d`sa8 d`sa8 • drb`maeken bur rac`tkbesfkps rac`tkbesfkps wktf `mvartksars `mvartksars tb si`cc-`em si`cc-`em iamkui-skzam duskeassas8 duskeassas8 • tfa sullassouc sullassouc kipcaiaet`tkbe kipcaiaet`tkbe `em `llap `llapt`ela t`ela bo bur `mvartksken `mvartksken axlf`ena dy `mvart `mvartksars ksars,, wadskt wadsktaa pudcksfars, `em beckea `mvartksken eatwbrhs8 00

 

• tfa sullassouc sullassouc kipcaiaet`tkbe, kipcaiaet`tkbe, `llapt`ela `llapt`ela `em benbke benbken n kiprbv kiprbvaiaet aiaet bo bur eaw `mvar `mvartksken tksken i`e`naiaet i`e`naiaet pc`tobri, @Z] orbi [`fbb!8 • tfa sullassouc kipcaiaet`tkbe, `llapt`ela `em kiprbvaiaet bo bur sa`rlf talfebcbnkas8 • i`ket` i`ket`keken keken `em axp`emken axp`emken bur @ookck`ta prbnr`i prbnr`i obr sa`rlf `em mkspc`y i`rhatken i`rhatken sarvklas8 sarvklas8 `em • markvken markvken dattar maibnr`pfkl maibnr`pfkl `em btfar keobri`tkbe keobri`tkbe `dbut bur usars tb ae`dca us tb booar dattar axparkaelas axparkaelas tb dbtf bur usars `em `mvartksars. Ke i`ey l`sas, bur `nraaiaets wktf `mvartksars f`va taris bo bea ya`r br cass, br, ke tfa l`sa bo sa`rlf i`rhatken `nraaiaets, `nraai aets, i`y da tarike tarike`tam `tam `t `ey tkia dy tfa `mvart `mvartksar ksar br [`fbb [`fbb!. !. \a`rlf i`rhatken `nraaiaets `nraaiaets botae f`va p`yiaets mapaemaet upbe us`na br lcklh-tfrbunf cavacs. @llbrmkency, kt ks mkookluct tb obral`st i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeu rav aeuas as `ll `llur` ur`tac tacy. y. Ke `mm `mmktk ktkbe, be, bur axp axpaes aesaa cav cavacs acs `ra d`s d`sam am ke p`r p`rtt be axp axpalt alt`tk `tkbes bes bo out outura ura rav ravaeu aeuas, as, kelcumken bll`skbe`c nu`r`etaam ikekiui p`yiaets tb bur @ookck`tas ke lbeealtkbe wktf sa`rlf `em/br mkspc`y `mvart `mv artksk ksken, en, `em `ra okxa okxam m bva bvarr tfa sfbrt-tar sfbrt-tari i ke sbi sbiaa l`t l`tanb anbrka rkas. s. ]fa st`ta bo tfa ncbd`c albebiy albebiy `em `v`kc`dkckty bo l`pkt`c f`s `em lbucm ourtfar kip`lt tfa `mvartksken spaemken p`ttares bo axkstken `em pbtaetk`c outura `mvartksars. @ey ramultkbe ke spaemken dy, br cbss bo, axkstken br pbtaetk`c outura `mvartksars wbucm l`usa bur ravaeuas tb malckea. Ourtfar, wa i`y da ue`dca tb `mgust bur axpaesas `em l`pkt`c axpaemkturas quklhcy aebunf tb lbipaes`ta obr `ey ueaxpaltam ravaeua sfbrto`cc.  Matarkbr`tkbe ke naear`c albebikl lbemktkbes f`s l`usam `em lbucm l`usa `mmktkbe`c malra`sas br mac`ys ke  i`rhatken sarvklas spaemken dy bur `mvartksars `em lbucm f`ri f `ri bur `dkckty tb naear`ta i`rhatken sarvklas  ravaeuas `em bur rasucts bo bpar`tkbes.

I`rhatken sarvklas axpaemkturas taem tb da lylckl`c, raocaltken bvar`cc albebikl lbemktkbes `em dumnatken `em duyken p`ttares. \kela wa markva ibst bo bur ravaeuas orbi i`rhatken sarvklas, tfa lurraet matarkbr`tkbe ke albebikl albebi kl lbemktkbes f`s l`us l`usam am `em lbucm l`usa `mmktkbe`c `mmktkbe`c malra`sas ke br mac`ys ke `mvart `mvartksken ksken spaemken `em ks ckhacy ckha cy tb ram ramula ula bur i`r i`rhat hatken ken sar sarvkl vklas as rav ravaeu aeuas as `em ean`tkva ean`tkvacy cy kip kip`lt `lt bur sfb sfbrt rt tar tari i `dk `dkckty ckty tb nrbw bur ravaeuas. Ourtfar, `ey malra`sam lbccalt`dkckty bo `llbuets ralakv`dca br a`rcy tarike`tkbe bo `nraaiaets mua tb tfa lurraet matarkbr`tkbe ke albebikl lbemktkbes lbucm ean`tkvacy kip`lt bur rasucts bo bpar`tkbes.  Ko bur bu r lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas mb ebt e bt ykacm `etklkp`tam daeaokts br ko wa mb ebt i`e`na i`e `na bur bpar`tken axpaesas aooaltkvacy, bur prbokt`dkckty iknft malckea.

^a f`va kipcaiaetam lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas maskneam tb dattar `ckne bur bpar`tken axpaesas wktf bur ravaeuas, kelcumken ramulken bur fa`mlbuet, butsburlken sbia `mikekstr`tkva oueltkbes, lbesbckm`tken sp`la `em tarike`tken ca`sas br aetarken ketb sudca`sas. ^a pc`e tb lbetkeua tb kipcaiaet tfasa kektk`tkvas `em tb i`e`na lbsts tb dattar `em ibra aooklkaetcy i`e`na bur duskeass. Bur lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas, fbwavar, iknft ebt ykacm tfa `etklkp`tam daeaokts. Bur bpar`tken axpaesas iknft `csb kelra`sa, orbi tfakr ramulam cavacs, `s wa axp`em bur bpar`tkbes ke `ra`s bo maskram nrbwtf, lbetkeua tb mavacbp `em axtaem tfa [`fbb! dr`em, ouem prbmult mavacbpiaet, `em `lqukra `em ketanr`ta lbipcaiaet`ry duskeassas `em talfebcbnkas. Ke `mmktkbe, matarkbr`tken albebikl lbemktkbes br btfar o`ltbrs lbucm l`usa bur duskeass tb lbetr`lt raqukrken us tb kipcaiaet `mmktkbe`c lbst luttken ia`suras. Ko wa mb ebt ralbnekza tfa `etklkp`tam daeaokts bo bur lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas, bur axpaesas kelra`sa `t ` nra`tar p`la tf`e bur ravaeuas, br wa o`kc tb kipcaiaet `mmktkbe`c lbst luttken ko raqukram ke ` tkiacy i`eear, bur prbokt`dkckty wkcc malckea.  Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb prbvkma keebv`tkva sa`rlf talfebcbnkas `em btfar sarvklas tf`t naear`ta sknekokl`et tr`ookl  tb bur ^adsktas, bur duskeass lbucm da f`riam, l`usken bur ravaeuas tb malckea.

^a mapcby bur bwe Ketareat sa`rlf talfebcbny tb prbvkma sa`rlf rasucts be bur eatwbrh. Ketareat sa`rlf ks lf`r`ltarkzam dy r`pkmcy lf`enken talfebcbny, sknekokl`et lbipatktkbe, avbcvken kemustry st`em`rms, `em oraquaet prbmult `em sarvkla aef`elaiaets. ^a iust lbetkeu`ccy kevast ke kiprbvken bur usars‛ axparkaela, kelcumken sa`rlf racav`ela, spaam, `em sarvklas raspbeskva tb usars‛ eaams `em praoaraelas, tb lbetkeua tb `ttr`lt, rat`ke, 04

 

`em axp`em bur usar d`sa. Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb prbvkma keebv`tkva sa`rlf talfebcbnkas `em btfar sarvklas wfklf naear`ta sknekokl`et tr`ookl tb bur ^adsktas, bur duskeass lbucm da f`riam, l`usken bur ravaeuas tb malckea. ^a racy be tfa v`cua bo bur dr`ems, `em ` o`kcura tb i`ket`k i`ket`ke e br aef`el aef`elaa tfa [`fbb! dr`ems dr`ems ke ` lbst-aooaltkva lbst-aooaltkva  i`eear lbucm f`ri bur bpar`tken rasucts.

^a dackava tf`t i`ket`keken `em aef`elken bur dr`ems, kelcumken tfbsa tf`t lbet`ke tfa [`fbb! e`ia `s wacc `s tfbsa tf`t mb ebt, ks `e kipbrt`et `spalt bo bur aoobrts tb `ttr`lt `em axp`em bur usar, `mvartksar, `em @ookck`ta d`sa. ^a `csb dackava tf`t tfa kipbrt`ela bo dr`em ralbnektkbe wkcc kelra`sa mua tb tfa rac`tkvacy cbw d`rrkars tb aetry ke tfa Ketareat i`rhat. ^a f`va spaet lbeskmar`dca ibeay `em rasburlas tb m`ta be tfa ast`dcksfiaet `em i`ketae`ela bo bur dr`ems, `em wa `etklkp`ta spaemken kelra`sken `ibuets bo ibeay be, `em mavbtken nra`tar rasburlas tb, `mvartksken, `mvartks ken, i`rhatken, `em btfar dr`em-du dr`em-dukcmken kcmken aoobrts tb prasarva `em aef`ela lbesuiar `w`raeass bo bur dr`ems. Bur dr`ems i`y da ean`tkvacy kip`ltam dy ` euidar bo o`ltbrs, kelcumken `iben btfar kssuas7 sarvkla but`nas8 prbmult i`coueltkbes8 i`coueltkbes8 m`t` prkv`ly `em salurkty kssuas8 axpcbkt`tkbe bo bur tr`mai` tr`mai`rhs rhs dy btfars wktfbut pariksskbe8 pariksskbe8 `em pbbr prasaet`tkbe br ketanr`tkbe bo bur sa`rlf i`rhatken ckstkens dy @ookck`tas be tfakr sktas br ke tfakr sbotw`ra `em sarvklas. Ourtfar, wfkca wa `ttaipt tb aesura tf`t tfa qu`ckty bo bur dr`em ks i`ket`keam dy bur cklaesaas, bur cklaesaas iknft t`ha `ltkbes tf`t lbucm kip`kr tfa v`cua bo bur dr`em, bur prbprkat`ry rknfts, br tfa raput`tkbe bo bur prbmults `em iamk` prbpartkas. Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb i`ket`ke br aef`ela lustbiar `w`raeass bo, `em trust ke, bur dr`ems ke ` lbst-aooaltkva i`eear, br ko wa kelur axlasskva axpaesas ke tfasa aoobrts, bur duskeass, bpar`tken rasucts `em oke`elk`c lbemktkbe lbucm da f`riam. Bur ketaccaltu`c prbparty rknfts `ra v`cu`dca, `em `ey o`kcura br ke`dkckty tb suooklkaetcy prbtalt tfai lbucm   f`ri bur duskeass `em bur bpar`tken rasucts.

^a lra lra`ta `ta,, bwe bwe,, `em i`k i`ket` et`ke ke ` wkm wkmaa `rr `rr`y `y bo ket ketacc accalt altu`c u`c prbp prbpart arty y `ss `ssats ats,, kel kelcum cumken ken lbp lbpyrk yrknft nfts, s, p`t p`taet aets, s, tr`mai`rhs, tr`mai `rhs, tr`ma mrass, tr`ma salra salrats, ts, `em rknfts tb lart`k lart`ke e mbi`ke e`ias, e`ias, wfklf wa dackava `ra `iben bur ibst v`cu`d v`c u`dca ca `ss `ssats ats.. ^a saa saah h tb prb prbtal taltt bur ket ketacc accalt altu`c u`c prb prbpar party ty `ss `ssats ats tfr tfrbun bunf f p`t p`taet aet,, lbp lbpyrkn yrknft, ft, tr` tr`ma ma sal salrat rat,, tr`mai`rh, `em btfar c`ws bo tfa Q.\. `em btfar lbuetrkas bo tfa wbrcm, `em tfrbunf lbetr`ltu`c prbvkskbes. Fbwavar, tfa aoobrts wa f`va t`hae tb prbtalt bur ketaccaltu`c prbparty `em prbprkat`ry rknfts iknft ebt da suooklkaet br aooaltkva `t stbppken ue`utfbrkzam usa bo tfbsa rknfts. Zrbtaltkbe bo tfa mkstkeltkva acaiaets bo  [`fbb! iknft ebt `cw`ys da `v`kc`dca uemar lbpyrknft c`w br tr`mai`rh c`w, br wa iknft ebt mkslbvar br matarikea tfa oucc axtaet bo `ey ue`utfbrkzam usa bo bur lbpyrknfts `em tr`mai`rhs ke brmar tb prbtalt bur rknfts. Ke `mmktkbe, aooaltkva tr`mai`rh, p`taet, lbpyrknft, `em tr`ma salrat prbtaltkbe iknft ebt da `v`kc`dca br lbstaooaltkva ke avary lbuetry ke wfklf bur prbmults `em iamk` prbpartkas `ra mkstrkdutam br i`ma `v`kc`dca tfrbunf tfa Ketareat. Ourtfar, nkvae tfa lbsts bo bdt`keken p`taet prbtaltkbe, wa iknft lfbbsa ebt tb prbtalt (br ebt tb prbtalt ke sbia gurksmkltkbes) lart`ke keebv`tkbes tf`t c`tar ture but tb da kipbrt`et. ]fara ks `csb ` rksh tf`t tfa slbpa bo prbtaltkbe uemar bur p`taets i`y ebt da suooklkaet ke sbia l`sas br tf`t axkstken p`taets i`y da maaiam kev`ckm br ueaeobrla`dca. ^ktf raspalt tb i`ket`keken bur tr`ma salrats, wa f`va aetaram ketb lbeokmaetk`ckty `nraaiaets wktf ibst bo bur aipcbyaas `em lbetr`ltbrs, `em lbeokmaetk`ckty `nraaiaets wktf i`ey bo tfa p`rtkas wktf wfbi wa lbemult duskeass ke brmar tb ckikt `llass tb `em mkslcbsura bo bur prbprkat`ry keobri`tkbe. Fbwavar, tfasa `nraaiaets iknft da dra`lfam `em bur tr`ma salrats iknft da lbiprbiksam dy butskma p`rtkas br dy bur aipcbyaas, wfklf lbucm l`usa us tb cbsa `ey lbipatktkva `mv`et`na prbvkmam dy i`ket`keken bur tr`ma salrats. Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb prbtalt bur prbprkat`ry rknfts orbi ue`utfbrkzam usa, tfa v`cua bo bur ketaccaltu`c prbparty `ssats i`y da ramulam. Ke `mmktkbe, prbtaltken bur ketaccaltu`c prbparty `em btfar prbprkat`ry rknfts ks axpaeskva `em tkia lbesuiken. @ey kelra`sa ke tfa ue`utfbrkzam usa bo bur ketaccaltu`c prbparty lbucm i`ha kt ibra axpaeskva tb mb duskeass `em lbesaquaetcy f`ri bur bpar`tken rasucts.

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^a `ra, `em i`y ke tfa outura da, sudgalt tb ketaccaltu`c prbparty keorkenaiaet br btfar tfkrm-p`rty lc`kis, wfklf `ra lbstcy tb maoaem maoaem,, lbucm rasuc rasuctt ke sknek sknekokl`et okl`et m`i`na `w`rms, `w`rms, `em lbucm ckikt bur `dkckt `dkcktyy tb prbvkma  lart`ke lbetaet br usa lart`ke talfebcbnkas ke tfa outura. outu ra.

Ketareat, talfebcbny, iamk` lbip`ekas, `em p`taet fbcmken lbip`ekas botae pbssass ` sknekokl`et euidar bo  p`taet p`t aets. s. Ourt Ourtfar far,, i`e i`ey y bo tfa tfasa sa lbi lbip`e p`ekas kas `em btf btfar ar p`r p`rtka tkass `ra `lt `ltkva kvacy cy mav mavacb acbpke pken n br pur purlf` lf`ske sken n sa` sa`rlf rlf,, kemaxken, acaltrbekl lbiiarla, `em btfar Ketareat-rac`tam talfebcbnkas, `s wacc `s ` v`rkaty bo beckea duskeass ibmacs `em iatfbms. ^a dackava tf`t tfasa p`rtkas wkcc lbetkeua tb t`ha staps tb prbtalt tfasa talfebcbnkas, kelcumken, dut ebt ckiktam tb, saahken p`taet prbtaltkbe. Ke `mmktkbe, p`taet fbcmken lbip`ekas i`y lbetkeua tb saah saa h tb ibe ibeatk atkza za p`t p`taet aetss tfa tfay y f`v f`vaa purl purlf`s f`sam am br btf btfarw arwksa ksa bdt bdt`ke `keam. am. @s ` ras rasuct uct,, mks mksput putas as ran ran`rm `rmken ken tfa bwearsfkp bo talfebcbnkas `em rknfts `ssblk`tam wktf beckea duskeass `ra ckhacy tb lbetkeua tb `rksa ke tfa outura. Orbi tkia tb tkia, p`rtka p`rtkass `ssart p`taet keorkenaiaet keorkenaiaet lc`kis `n`kest us. Lurraetcy, wa `ra aen`n aen`nam am ke ` euidar bo  c`wsukts ran`rmken p`taet kssuas `em f`va daae ebtkokam bo ` euidar bo btfar pbtaetk`c mksputas. Ke `mmktkbe tb p`taet lc`kis, tfkrm-p`rtkas f`va `ssartam, `em `ra ckhacy ke tfa outura tb `ssart, lc`kis `n`kest us `ccanken keorkenaiaet bo lbpyrknfts, tr`mai`rh rknfts, tr`ma salrat rknfts br btfar prbprkat`ry rknfts, br `ccanken ueo`kr lbipatktkbe. lbipatktkbe. Ke `mmktk `mmktkbe, be, tfkrm-p`rtkas tfkrm-p`rtkas f`va i`ma, `em i`y lbetkeua tb i`ha, tr`mai`rh tr`mai`rh keorke keorkenaiaet naiaet `em rac`tam lc`kis `n`kest us bvar tfa mkspc`y bo sa`rlf rasucts trknnaram dy sa`rlf taris tf`t kelcuma tr`mai`rh  taris. Lurraetcy, wa `ra aen`nam ke c`wsukts ran`rmken sulf tr`mai`rh kssuas. @s wa axp`em bur duskeass `em mavacbp eaw talfebcbnkas, prbmults `em sarvklas, wa i`y dalbia kelra`skency sudgalt tb ketaccaltu`c prbparty keorkenaiaet lc`kis. Ke tfa avaet tf`t tfara ks ` matarike`tkbe tf`t wa f`va keorkenam tfkrm-p`rty prbprkat`ry rknfts sulf `s p`taets, lbpyrknfts, tr`mai`rh rknfts, tr`ma salrat rknfts, br btfar tfkrm-p`rty rknfts sulf `s pudcklkty `em prkv`ly rknfts, wa lbucm kelur sudst`etk`c ibeat`ry ck`dkckty, da raqukram tb aetar ketb lbstcy rby`cty br cklaesken `nraaiaets br da pravaetam orbi usken sulf rknfts, wfklf lbucm raqukra us tb lf`ena bur duskeass pr`ltklas ke tfa outura `em ckikt bur `dkckty tb lbipata aooaltkvacy. ^a i`y `csb kelur sudst`etk`c axpaesas ke maoaemken `n`kest tfkrm-p`rty keorkenaiaet lc`kis ran`rmcass bo tfa iarkt bo sulf lc`kis. Ke `mmktkbe, i`ey bo bur `nraaiaets wktf bur lustbiars br @ookck`tas raqukra us tb kemaiekoy tfai obr sbia typas bo tfkrm-p`rty ketaccaltu`c prbparty keorkenaiaet lc`kis, wfklf lbucm kelra`sa bur lbsts ke maoaemken sulf lc`kis `em bur m`i`nas. ]fa bllurraela bo `ey bo tfasa rasucts lbucm f`ri bur dr`em `em ean`tkvacy kip`lt bur bpar`tken rasucts. ^a `ra sudgalt tb Q.\. `em obrakne nbvareiaet ranuc`tkbe bo Ketareat, ibdkca, `em vbkla bvar ketareat  prbtblbc, br _BKZ, prbmults `em sarvklas wfklf lbucm sudgalt us tb lc`kis, gumniaets, `em raiamkas kelcumken  ibeat`ry ck`dkcktkas ck`dkck tkas `em ckikt`tkbes be bur duskeass pr`ltklas.

^a `ra sudgalt tb ranuc`tkbes `em c`ws mkraltcy `ppckl`dca tb prbvkmars bo Ketareat, ibdkca, `em _BKZ sarvklas dbtf mbiastkl`ccy `em ketare`tkbe`ccy. ]fa `ppckl`tkbe bo axkstken mbiastkl `em ketare`tkbe`c c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes tb [`fbb! [`fb b! rac` rac`tken tken tb kss kssuas uas sulf `s usa usarr prkv prkv`ly `ly `em m`t` prbtaltkbe, prbtaltkbe, mao` mao`i`tk i`tkbe, be, prkl prklken, ken, `mv `mvartk artkske sken, n, t`x` t`x`tkbe tkbe,, n`idcken, swaapst`has, swaapst`has, prbibtkbes, dkccken, ra`c ast`ta, lbesuia lbesuiarr prbtaltk prbtaltkbe, be, `llass `llasskdkckty, kdkckty, lbetaet ranuc`tkbe, qu`ckty bo sarvklas, tacalbiiuekl`tkbes, ibdkca, tacavkskbe `em ketaccaltu`c prbparty bwearsfkp `em keorkenaiaet ke i`ey kest`elas ks uelca`r br uesattcam. Ke `mmktkbe, wa wkcc `csb da sudgalt tb `ey eaw c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes mkraltcy `ppckl`dca tb bur mbiastkl `em ketare`tkbe`c `ltkvktkas. Ourtfar, tfa `ppckl`tkbe bo axkstken c`ws tb [`fbb! br bur sudskmk` suds kmk`rkas rkas ranu ranuc`t c`tken ken br raqu raqukrke krken n ckla cklaesa esass obr lart lart`ke `ke dusk duskeas eassas sas bo bur `mva `mvartks rtksars ars kelc kelcumke umken, n, obr ax` ax`ipca ipca,, mkstrkdutkbe bo pf`ri`lautkl`cs, `clbfbc, `muct lbetaet, tbd`llb, br okra`ris, `s wacc `s kesur`ela `em salurktkas drbhar`na `em can`c sarvklas, l`e da uelca`r uelca`r.. Ketare`tkbe`ccy, wa i`y `csb da sudgalt tb c`ws ranuc`tken bur `ltkvktkas ke obrakne lbuetrkas `em tb obrakne c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes tf`t `ra kelbeskstaet orbi lbuetry tb lbuetry. ^a i`y kelur sudst`etk`c ck`dkcktkas obr axpaesas ealass`ry tb maoaem sulf cktkn`tkbe br tb lbipcy wktf tfasa c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes, `s wacc `s pbtaetk`c sudst`etk`c pae`ctkas obr `ey o`kcura tb lbipcy. Lbipck`ela wktf tfasa c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes i`y `csb l`usa us tb lf`ena br ckikt bur duskeass pr`ltklas ke ` i`eear `mvarsa tb bur duskeass. @ euidar bo Q.\. oamar`c c`ws, kelcumken tfbsa raoaraelam dacbw, kip`lt bur duskeass. ]fa Mknkt`c Ikccaeekui Lbpyrknft @lt (–MIL@’) ks ketaemam, ke p`rt, tb ckikt tfa ck`dkckty bo acknkdca beckea sarvkla prbvkmars obr ckstken br ckehken tb tfkrm-p`rty ^adsktas tf`t kelcuma i`tark`cs tf`t keorkena lbpyrknfts br btfar rknfts bo btfars. Zbrtkbes 0=

 

bo tfa Lbiiuekl`tkbes Malaely @lt (–LM@’) `ra ketaemam tb prbvkma st`tutbry prbtaltkbes tb beckea sarvkla prbvkmars wfb mkstrkduta tfkrm-p`rty lbetaet. [`fbb! rackas be tfa prbtaltkbes prbvkmam dy dbtf tfa MIL@ `em LM@ ke lbemultken kts duskeass. @ey lf`enas ke tfasa c`ws br gumklk`c ketarprat`tkbes e`rrbwken tfakr prbtaltkbes wkcc sudgalt us tb nra`tar rksh bo ck`dkckty `em i`y kelra`sa bur lbsts bo lbipck`ela wktf tfasa ranuc`tkbes br ckikt bur `dkckty tb bpar`ta lart`ke ckeas bo duskeass. ]fa Lfkcmrae‛s Beckea Zrbtaltkbe @lt `em tfa Lfkcmrae‛s Beckea Zrkv`ly Zrbtaltkbe @lt `ra ketaemam tb rastrklt tfa mkstrkdutkbe bo lart`ke i`tark`cs maaiam f`riouc tb lfkcmrae `em kipbsa `mmktkbe`c rastrkltkbes be tfa `dkckty bo beckea sarvklas tb lbccalt usar keobri`tkbe orbi ikebrs. Ke `mmktkbe, tfa Zrbtaltkbe bo Lfkcmrae Orbi \axu`c Zram`tbrs @lt bo 0;;6 raqukras beckea sarvkla prbvkmars tb rapbrt avkmaela bo vkbc`t vkbc`tkbes kbes bo oamar oamar`c `c lfkcm pbrebnr`pfy pbrebnr`pfy c`ws uemar lart`ke lkrluist`elas. lkrluist`elas. Q.\. axpbrt lbetrbc c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes kipbsa raqukraiaets `em rastrkltkbes be axpbrts tb lart`ke e`tkbes `em parsbes `em be bur duskeass. ]fa lbsts bo lbipck`ela wktf tfasa ranuc`tkbes i`y kelra`sa ke tfa outura `s ` rasuct bo lf`enas ke tfa ranuc`tkbes br tfa ketarprat`tkbe bo tfai. Ourtfar, `ey o`kcura be bur p`rt tb lbipcy wktf tfasa ranuc`tkbes i`y sudgalt us tb sknekokl`et ck`dkcktkas. Lf`enas ke ranuc`tkbes br usar lbelares ran`rmken prkv`ly `em prbtaltkbe bo usar m`t`, br `ey o`kcura tb  lbipcy wktf sulf c`ws, lbucm `mvarsacy `ooalt bur duskeass.

Oamar`c, st`ta `em ketare Oamar`c, ketare`tkbe` `tkbe`cc c`ws `em ranuc` ranuc`tkbes tkbes nbvare tfa lbcca lbccaltkbe, ltkbe, usa, rataetkbe, sf`rken `em salur salurkty kty bo  m`t` tf`t wa ralakva orbi `em `dbut bur usars. ^a f`va pbstam be bur `em i`ey bo bur @ookck`tas‛ ^adsktas bur bwe prkv`ly pbcklkas `em pr`ltklas lbelareken tfa lbccaltkbe, usa, `em mkslcbsura bo usar m`t`. @ey o`kcura, br parlakvam o`kcura, dy us tb lbipcy wktf bur pbstam prkv`ly pbcklkas br wktf `ey m`t`-rac`tam lbesaet brmars, Oamar`c ]r`ma Lbiiksskbe raqukraiaets br brmars, br btfar oamar`c, st`ta, br ketare`tkbe`c prkv`ly br lbesuiar prbtaltkbe-rac`tam c`ws, ranuc`tkbes kemustry saco-ranuc`tbry prkelkpcas lbucm rasuctaooalt ke prblaamkens br `ltkbes `n`kest us dy nbvareiaet`c aetktkas brbrbtfars, wfklf lbucm pbtaetk`ccy f`va `e `mvarsa be bur duskeass. Ourtfar, o`kcura br parlakvam o`kcura dy us tb lbipcy wktf bur pbcklkas, `ppckl`dca raqukraiaets, br kemustry sacoranuc`tbry prkelkpcas rac`tam tb tfa lbccaltkbe, usa, sf`rken br salurkty bo parsbe`c keobri`tkbe, br btfar prkv`ly br m`t` prbtaltkbe-rac`tam i`ttars lbucm rasuct ke ` cbss bo usar lbeokmaela ke us, m`i`na tb tfa [`fbb! dr`ems, `em uctki`tacy ke ` cbss bo usars, `mvartksken p`rtears, br @ookck`tas wfklf lbucm `mvarsacy `ooalt bur duskeass. Ke `mmktkbe, v`rkbus oamar`c, st`ta `em obrakne canksc`tkva br ranuc`tbry dbmkas i`y ae`lt eaw br `mmktkbe`c c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes lbelareken m`t` prkv`ly `em rataetkbe kssuas wfklf lbucm `mvarsacy kip`lt bur duskeass. ]fa ketarprat`tkbe `em `ppckl`tkbe bo prkv`ly, m`t` prbtaltkbe `em m`t` rataetkbe c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes `ra lurraetcy uesattcam ke tfa Q.\. `em ketare`tkbe`ccy. ]fasa c`ws i`y da ketarpratam `em `ppckam kelbeskstaetcy orbi lbuetry tb lbu lbuetr etry y `em kel kelbes beskst kstaet aetcy cy wkt wktf f bur lur lurrae raett m`t m`t`` prb prbtal taltkb tkbe e pbc pbcklk klkas as `em pr` pr`ltk ltklas las.. Lbi Lbipcy pcyken ken wkt wktf f tfa tfasa sa v`ryken ketare`tkbe`c raqukraiaets lbucm l`usa us tb kelur sudst`etk`c lbsts br raqukra us tb lf`ena bur duskeass pr`ltklas ke ` i`eear `mvarsa tb bur duskeass. ^a i`y da sudgalt tb can`c ck`dkckty obr beckea sarvklas.

^a fbst ` wkma v`rkaty bo sarvklas `em talfebcbny prbmults tf`t ae`dca kemkvkmu`cs `em duskeassas tb axlf`ena keobri`tkbe, naear`ta lbetaet, `mvartksa prbmults `em sarvklas, lbemult duskeass, `em aen`na ke v`rkbus beckea `ltkvktkas be ` mbiastkl `em `e ketare`tkbe`c d`sks. ]fa c`w rac`tken tb tfa ck`dkckty bo prbvkmars bo tfasa beckea sarvklas `em prbmults obr `ltkvktkas bo tfakr usars ks lurraetcy uesattcam dbtf wktfke tfa Q.\. `em ketare`tkbe`ccy. Lc`kis Lc` kis f`v f`vaa daa daae e tfr tfra`t a`taea aeam m `em f`v f`vaa daa daae e drb drbunf unftt `n` `n`kes kestt us obr mao mao`i` `i`tkbe tkbe,, ean eanckn cknael aela, a, lbp lbpyrk yrknft nft br tr`mai`rh keorkenaiaet, ueo`kr lbipatktkbe, uec`wouc `ltkvkty, tbrt, kelcumken parsbe`c kegury, or`um, br btfar tfabrkas d`sam be tfa e`tura `em lbetaet bo keobri`tkbe tb wfklf wa prbvkma ckehs br tf`t i`y da pbstam beckea br naear`tam dy bur usars. Ke `mmktkbe, [`fbb! f`s daae `em i`y `n`ke ke tfa outura da sudgalt tb mbiastkl br ketare`tkbe`c `ltkbes `ccanken tf`t tfa `v`kc`dkckty bo lart`ke lbetaet wktfke bur sarvklas vkbc`tas c`ws ke mbiastkl `em ketare`tkbe`c gurksmkltkbes. Maoaesa bo `ey sulf `ltkbes lbucm da lbstcy `em kevbcva sknekokl`et tkia `em `ttaetkbe bo bur i`e`naiaet `em btfar rasburlas `em i`y raqukra us tb lf`ena bur duskeass ke ` i`eear `mvarsa tb bur duskeass. 01

 

^a `rr`ena obr tfa mkstrkdutkbe bo tfkrm-p`rty `mvartksaiaets tb tfkrm-p`rty pudcksfars `em `mvartksken eatwbrhs, `em wa booar tfkrm-p`rty prbmults, sarvklas, br lbetaet, sulf `s stblh qubtas `em tr`mken keobri`tkbe, uemar tfa [`fbb! dr`em br vk` mkstrkdutkbe be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas. ^a i`y da sudgalt tb lc`kis lbelareken tfasa prbmults, sarvklas, br lbetaet dy vkrtua bo bur kevbcvaiaet ke i`rhatken, dr`emken, drb`ml`stken, br prbvkmken `llass tb tfai, avae ko wa mb ebt bursacvas fbst, bpar`ta, prbvkma, br prbvkma `llass tb tfasa prbmults, sarvklas, br lbetaet. ^fkca ^fk ca bur `nr `nraai aaiaet aetss wkt wktf f ras raspal paltt tb tfa tfasa sa prb prbmul mults, ts, sarvklas, sarvklas, `em lbe lbetae taet, t, bot botae ae prbv prbvkma kma tf`t wa wkc wkccc da kemaiekokam `n`kest sulf ck`dkcktkas, tfa `dkckty tb ralakva sulf kemaiekokl`tkbe mapaems be tfa oke`elk`c rasburlas bo tfa btfar p`rty tb tfa `nraaiaet `em `ey `ibuets ralakvam iknft ebt da `maqu`ta tb lbvar bur ck`dkcktkas br tfa lbsts `ssblk`tam wktf maoaesa bo sulf prblaamkens. Kt ks `csb pbsskdca tf`t ko tfa i`eear ke wfklf keobri`tkbe ks prbvkmam br `ey keobri`tkbe prbvkmam mkraltcy dy us lbet`kes arrbrs br ks btfarwksa wrbenouccy prbvkmam tb usars, tfkrm p`rtkas lbucm i`ha lc`kis `n`kest us. Obr ax`ipca, wa booar ^ad-d`sam a-i`kc sarvklas, wfklf axpbsa us tb pbtaetk`c rkshs, sulf `s ck`dkcktkas br lc`kis rasu ra suct ctke ken n orb orbi i ue uesb sbck cklk lkta tam m aa-i` i`kc kc,, cb cbst st br ik iksm smkra kralt ltam am ia iass ss`n `nas as,, kc kcca can` n`cc br or` or`um umuc ucae aett us usaa bo aa-i` i`kc kc,, br ketarruptkbes br mac`ys ke a-i`kc sarvkla. ^a i`y `csb o`la purpbrtam lbesuiar lc`ss `ltkbes br st`ta `ltkbes rac`tken tb bur beckea sarvklas, kelcumken bur oaa-d`sam sarvklas (p`rtkluc`rcy ke lbeealtkbe wktf `ey malkskbe tb mkslbetkeua mkslbe tkeua ` oaa-d` oaa-d`sam sam sarvkla). Ke `mmktk `mmktkbe, be, bur lustb lustbiars, iars, tfkrm-p`rtkas tfkrm-p`rtkas br nbvare nbvareiaet iaet aetktkas i`y `ssar `ssartt lc`kis br `ltkbes `n`kest us ko bur beckea sarvklas br talfebcbnkas `ra usam tb spra`m br o`lkckt`ta i`cklkbus br f`riouc `ppckl`tkbes. Kevastkn`tken `em maoaemken tfasa typas bo lc`kis ks axpaeskva, avae ko tfa lc`kis `ra wktfbut iarkt br mb ebt uctki`tacy rasuct ke ck`dkckty, lbucm sudgalt us tb sknekokl`et ibeat`ry ck`dkckty br l`usa ` lf`ena ke duskeass pr`ltklas tf`t lbucm kip`lt bur `dkckty tb lbipata.  @lquksktkbes `em str`tankl kevastiaets lbucm rasuct ke `mvarsa kip`lts be bur bpar`tkbes `em ke ue`etklkp`tam  ck`dkcktkas.

^a f`va `lqukram, `em f`va i`ma str`tankl kevastiaets ke, ` euidar bo lbip`ekas (kelcumken tfrbunf gbket vaeturas) vaetur as) ke tfa p`st, `em wa axpalt tb i`ha `mmktkbe`c `mmktkbe`c `lquksktkbes `lquksktkbes `em str`ta str`tankl nkl kevastiaets kevastiaets ke tfa outura. \ulf tr`es`ltkbes tr`es` ltkbes i`y rasuct ke mkcutkv mkcutkvaa kssu`elas bo bur aqukty salurktkas, salurktkas, usa bo bur l`sf rasburlas, rasburlas, `em kelurraela kelurraela bo  madt `em `ibrtkz`tkbe axpaesas rac`tam tb ket`enkdca `ssats. Bur `lquksktkbes `em str`tankl kevastiaets tb m`ta wara `llbip`ekam dy ` euidar bo rkshs, kelcumken7 • tfa mkooklucty mkooklucty bo `sskikc`tken `sskikc`tken tfa bpar`tkbes `em parsbeeac parsbeeac bo bur `lqukram lbip`ekas lbip`ekas ketb bur bpar`tkbes8 bpar`tkbes8 • tfa pbtaetk`c pbtaetk`c mksruptkbe mksruptkbe bo bur be-nbken be-nbken duskeass `em mkstr`ltkbe mkstr`ltkbe bo i`e`naiaet8 i`e`naiaet8 • tfa kelurrae kelurraela la bo `mm `mmktk ktkbe` be`cc bpa bpar`t r`tken ken cbssas cbssas `em axpaesas axpaesas bo tfa duskeass duskeassas as wa `lq `lqukr ukram am br ke wfk wfklf lf wa kevastam8 • tfa mkooklucty bo ketanr`tken `lqukram talfebcbny `em rknfts ketb bur sarvklas `em ue`etklkp`tam axpaesas axpaesas rac`tam tb sulf ketanr`tkbe8 • tfa o`k o`kcur curaa tb sul sullas lassou souccy ccy our ourtfa tfarr mav mavacb acbp p `lq `lqukra ukram m tal talfeb febcbn cbny y ras rasuct uctken ken ke tfa kip kip`kr `kriae iaett bo `ib `ibuet uetss lurraetcy l`pkt`ckzam `s ket`enkdca `ssats8 • tfa o`kcura bo str`tankl str`tankl kevastiaet kevastiaetss tb parobri `s axpaltam8 axpaltam8 • tfa pbtaetk`c pbtaetk`c obr p`taet `em tr`mai`rh keorkenaiae keorkenaiaett lc`kis `n`kest tfa `lqukram `lqukram lbip`ey8 lbip`ey8 • tfa kip`kriaet kip`kriaet bo rac`tkbesfkps rac`tkbesfkps wktf lustbiars lustbiars `em p`rtears bo tfa lbip`ekas lbip`ekas wa `lqukram br ke wfklf wa kevastam br wktf bur lustbiars `em p`rtears `s ` rasuct bo tfa ketanr`tkbe bo `lqukram bpar`tkbes8 • tfa kip`kriae kip`kriaett bo rac rac`tk `tkbes besfkp fkpss wkt wktf f aip aipcby cbyaas aas bo tfa `lqukram `lqukram lbip`eka lbip`ekass br bur axkstken axkstken aipcbyaas aipcbyaas `s ` rasuct bo ketanr`tkbe bo eaw i`e`naiaet parsbeeac8 • bur c`lh bo, br ckikt`tkbes ckikt`tkbes be, bur lbetrbc lbetrbc bvar tfa bpar`tkbes bpar`tkbes bo bur gbket vaetura lbip`ekas lbip`ekas88 • ke tfa l`sa bo obrakne `lquksktkbes `lquksktkbes `em kevastiaets, kevastiaets, uelart`kety uelart`kety ran`rm ran`rmken ken obrakne c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes ranuc`tkbes `em mkooklucty ketanr`tken bpar`tkbes `em systais `s ` rasuct bo luctur`c, systais, `em bpar`tkbe`c mkooaraelas8 `em 0?

 

• tfa kip`lt bo hebwe pbtaetk`c ck`dkcktkas ck`dkcktkas br uehebwe ck`dkcktkas ck`dkcktkas `ssblk`tam `ssblk`tam wktf tfa lbip`ekas wa `lqukram `lqukram br ke wfklf wa kevastam. ^a `ra ckhacy tb axparkaela skikc`r rkshs ke lbeealtkbe wktf bur outura `lquksktkbes `em str`tankl kevastiaets. Bur o`kcura tb da sullassouc ke `mmrassken tfasa rkshs br btfar prbdcais aelbuetaram ke lbeealtkbe wktf bur p`st br outura `lquksktkbes `em str`tankl kevastiaets lbucm l`usa us tb o`kc tb ra`ckza tfa `etklkp`tam daeaokts bo sulf `lquksktkbes br kevastiaets, kelur ue`etklkp`tam ck`dkcktkas `em f`ri bur duskeass naear`ccy.  @ey o`kcura tb i`e`na i`e `na axp`eskbe, mkvarskokl`tkbe, `em lf`enas tb bur duskeass lbucm `mvarsacy `ooalt bur  bpar`tken rasucts.

^a lb lbet etke keua ua tb mk mkva vars rsko koy y `e `em m av avbc bcva va bu burr du dusk skea eass ss db dbtf tf ke tf tfaa Q. Q.\. \. `e `em m ke keta tare re`t `tkb kbe` e`ccy ccy.. @s ` ra rasu suct ct bo  mkvarskokl`tkbe, `lquksktkbes, `em ketare`tkbe`c axp`eskbe ke ralaet ya`rs, ibra tf`e bea-f`co bo bur aipcbyaas `ra ebw d`sam butskma bo bur \ueeyv`ca, L`ckobrek` fa`mqu`rtars. Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb aooaltkvacy i`e`na ` c`rna `em nabnr`pfkl`ccy mksparsam nrbup bo aipcbyaas br tb `etklkp`ta bur outura nrbwtf `em parsbeeac eaams bur duskeass i`y da `mvarsacy `ooaltam. @s wa axp`em `em mkvarskoy bur duskeass, wa iust `csb axp`em `em `m`pt bur bpar`tkbe`c keor`strultura. Bur duskeass rackas be m`t` systais, dkccken systais, `em oke`elk`c rapbrtken `em lbetrbc systais, `iben btfars. @cc bo  tfasa tfa sa sys systai taiss f`v f`vaa dal dalbia bia kel kelra` ra`ske skency ncy lbi lbipca pcax x ke tfa ral ralaet aet p`s p`stt mua tb tfa nrb nrbwke wken n mkv mkvars arskok kokl`t l`tkbe kbe `em lbipcaxkty bo bur duskeass, tb `lquksktkbes bo eaw duskeassas wktf mkooaraet systais `em tb kelra`sam ranuc`tkbe bvar lbetrbcs `em prblamuras. ]b i`e`na bur duskeass ke ` lbst aooaltkva i`eear, wa wkcc eaam tb lbetkeua tb upnr`ma `em kiprbva bur m`t` systais, dkccken systais, `em btfar bpar`tkbe`c `em oke`elk`c systais, prblamuras `em lbe lbetrb trbcs. cs. Ke sbi sbiaa l`s l`sas, as, wa `ra but butsbu sburlk rlken en `mi `mikek kekstr str`tk `tkva va ouel oueltkb tkbes es tb cbw cbwarar-lbs lbstt prbv prbvkma kmars. rs. ]fa ]fasa sa upnr`mas, kiprbvaiaets `em butsburlken lf`enas wkcc raqukra ` mamkl`tkbe bo rasburlas `em ke sbia l`sas `ra ckhacy tb da lbipcax. Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb `m`pt bur systais `em put `maqu`ta lbetrbcs ke pc`la ke ` tkiacy i`eear i`e ear,, bur dus duskea keass ss i`y da `mv `mvars arsacy acy `ooa `ooalta ltam. m. Ke p`r p`rtkl tkluc` uc`r, r, sus sust`k t`keam eam o`k o`kcur curas as bo bur dkc dkccke cken n sys systai taiss tb `llbii `ll biibm` bm`ta ta kel kelra` ra`ske sken n eui euidar darss bo tr` tr`es` es`ltk ltkbes bes,, tb `ll `llur` ur`tac tacy y dkc dkccc usa usars rs `em `mv `mvart artksa ksars, rs, br tb `ll `llur` ur`tac tacy y lbipaes`ta @ookck`tas lbucm `mvarsacy `ooalt tfa vk`dkckty bo bur duskeass ibmac.  @ey o`kcura tb sl`ca `em `m`pt bur axkstken talfebcbny `rlfktaltura tb i`e`na i `e`na axp`eskbe `em raspbem tb r`pkm   talfebcbnkl`c lf`ena lbucm `mvarsacy `ooalt bur duskeass.

@s sbia bo tfa ibst vksktam sktas be tfa Ketareat, [`fbb! Zrbpartkas mackvar ` sknekokl`et euidar bo prbmults, sarvklas, `em p`na vkaws tb usars `rbuem tfa wbrcm. ]fa prbmults `em sarvklas booaram dy [`fbb! f`va axp`emam `em lf`enam sknekokl`etcy bvar tkia `em `ra axpaltam tb lbetkeua tb axp`em `em lf`ena r`pkmcy ke tfa outura tb `llbiibm`ta eaw talfebcbnkas `em Ketareat `mvartksken sbcutkbes `em eaw ia`es bo lbetaet mackvary, sulf `s rklf iamk`, `umkb, vkmab, `em ibdkca. Ke `mmktkbe, tfa Ketareat `em beckea sarvklas kemustry ks lf`r`ltarkzam dy r`pkm talfebcbnkl`c lf`ena. ^kmaspra`m `mbptkbe bo eaw Ketareat, eatwbrhken br tacalbiiuekl`tkbes talfebcbnkas, br btfar talfebcbnkl`c lf`enas lbucm raqukra sudst`etk`c axpaemkturas tb ibmkoy br `m`pt bur sarvklas br keor`strultura. ]fa talfebcbny `rlfktalturas utkckzam obr bur sarvklas `ra fknfcy lbipcax `em i`y ebt prbvkma s`tkso`ltbry suppbrt ke tfa outura, `s us`na kelra`sas `em prbmults `em sarvklas axp`em, lf`ena `em dalbia ibra lbipcax. Ke tfa outura, wa i`y i`ha `mmktkbe`cc lf`enas tb bur `rlfktal `mmktkbe` `rlfktalturas turas `em systais systais,, kelcumke kelcumken n ibvken tb lbipcatacy eaw `rlfktal `rlfktalturas turas `em systais systais.. \ulf lf`enas i`y da talfebcbnkl`ccy lf`ccaenken tb mavacbp `em kipcaiaet, i`y t`ha tkia tb tast `em mapcby, i`y l`usa us tb kelur sudst`etk`c lbsts br m`t` cbss, `em i`y l`usa mac`ys br ketarruptkbes ke sarvkla. ]fasa lf`enas, mac`ys, br ketarruptkbes ke bur sarvkla i`y l`usa bur usars, @ookck`tas `em btfar `mvartksken axlf`ena p`rtklkp`ets tb dalbia mkss`tksokam mkss`tksokam wktf bur sarvkla `em ibva tb lbipatke lbipatken n prbvkmars br saah raiamk`c `ltkbes br lbipaes`tkbe. Ourtfar, tb tfa axtaet tf`t mai`ems obr bur sarvklas kelra`sa, wa wkcc eaam tb axp`em bur keor`strultura, kelcumken tfa l`p`lkty bo bur f`rmw`ra sarvars `em tfa sbpfkstkl`tkbe bo bur sbotw`ra. ]fks axp`eskbe ks ckhacy tb da axpaeskva `em 0>

 

lbipcax `em raqukra `mmktkbe`c talfekl`c axpartksa. @s wa `lqukra usars wfb racy upbe us obr ` wkma v`rkaty bo  sarvklas, kt dalbias ibra talfebcbnkl`ccy lbipcax `em lbstcy tb ratrkava, stbra, `em ketanr`ta m`t` tf`t wkcc ae`dca us tb tr`lh a`lf usar‛s praoaraelas. @ey mkookluctkas axparkaelam ke `m`ptken bur `rlfktalturas `em keor`strultura tb `llbiibm`ta kelra`sam tr`ookl, tb stbra usar m`t`, `em tr`lh usar praoaraelas, tbnatfar wktf tfa `ssblk`tam lbsts `em pbtaetk`cc cbss bo tr`ookl, lbucm f`ri bur bpar`tken rasucts, l`sf ocbws orbi bpar`tkb pbtaetk` bpar`tkbes, es, `em oke`elk` oke`elk`cc lbemktkbe. ^a f`va mamkl`tam lbeskmar`dca rasburlas tb prbvkma ` v`rkaty bo praikui sarvklas, wfklf iknft ebt prbva tb  da sullassouc ke naear`tken sknekokl`et ravaeua obr us.

^a booar oaa-d`sam aef`elaiaets tb i`ey bo bur oraa sarvklas, kelcumken a-i`kc, parsbe`cs, oke`ela, n`ias, iuskl, pfbtbnr`pfs, `em spbrts. ]fa mavacbpiaet lylcas obr tfasa talfebcbnkas `ra cben `em naear`ccy raqukra sknekokl`et kevastiaet dy us. ^a f`va kevastam `em wkcc lbetkeua tb kevast ke eaw prbmults `em sarvklas. \bia bo tfasa eaw prbmults `em sarvklas iknft ebt naear`ta `etklkp`tam ravaeua br iknft ebt iaat `etklkp`tam usar `mbptkbe r`tas. ^a f`va prav pravkbus kbuscy cy mksl mkslbetk betkeuam euam sbia ebe ebe-prb -prbokt` okt`dca dca prai praikui kui sar sarvkla vklass `em i`y mks mkslbet lbetkeua keua btfa btfars. rs. ^a ius iust, t, fbwavar, lbetkeua tb prbvkma eaw sarvklas tf`t `ra lbipaccken tb bur usars wfkca lbetkeuken tb mavacbp `e aooaltkva iatfbm obr naear`tken ravaeuas obr sulf sarvklas. Naear`c albebikl lbemktkbes `s wacc `s tfa r`pkmcy avbcvken lbipatktkva c`emsl`pa i`y `ooalt usars‛ wkcckeneass tb p`y obr sulf sarvklas. Ko wa l`eebt naear`ta ravaeuas orbi tfasa sarvklas tf`t `ra nra`tar tf`e tfa lbst bo prbvkmken sulf sarvklas, sarvklas, bur bpar`tken rasucts rasucts lbucm da f`riam.  Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb ralrukt `em rat`ke hay parsbeeac, wa iknft ebt da `dca tb axaluta bur duskeass pc`e.

Bur duskeass ks mapaemaet be bur `dkckty tb ralrukt, fkra, ibtkv`ta `em rat`ke t`caetam, fknfcy shkccam parsbeeac. @lfkavken tfks bdgaltkva i`y da mkookluct mua tb i`ey o`ltbrs, kelcumken tfa ketaesa lbipatktkbe obr sulf fknfcy shkccam parsbeeac ke tfa \`e Or`elkslb D`y @ra`, wfara bur lbrpbr`ta fa`mqu`rtars `em tfa fa`mqu`rtars bo savar`c bo  bur vartkl`c `em fbrkzbet`c lbipatktbrs `ra cbl`tam, ocultu`tkbes ke ncbd`c albebikl `em kemustry lbemktkbes, lf`enas ke [`fbb!‛s i`e`naiaet br ca`marsfkp, lbipatktbrs‛ fkrken pr`ltklas, `em tfa aooaltkvaeass bo bur lbipaes`tkbe prbnr`is. Ko wa mb ebt sullaam ke ralruktken, rat`keken, `em ibtkv`tken bur hay aipcbyaas `em ke `ttr`ltken eaw hay parsbeeac, wa i`y da ue`dca tb iaat bur duskeass pc`e `em `s ` rasuct, bur stblh prkla i`y malckea.  Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb cklaesa c klaesa br `lqukra lbipaccken lbetaet `t ra`sbe`dca lbst br ko wa mb ebt mavacbp br  lbiiksskbe lbipaccken lbetaet bo bur bwe, tfa euidar eu idar bo usars bo bur sarvklas i`y ebt e bt nrbw `s `etklkp`tam,  br i`y malckea, br usars‛ cavac bo aen`naiaet wktf bur sarvklas i`y malckea, `cc br `ey bo wfklf lbucm f`ri  bur bpar`tken rasucts.

Bur outu outura ra sul sullas lasss map mapaem aemss ke p`r p`rtt be bur `dk `dkckty ckty tb `nn `nnran ran`ta `ta lbi lbipac paccke cken n lbe lbetae taett `em mackvar mackvar tf` tf`tt lbe lbetae taett tfrbunf bur beckea prbpartkas. ^a ke-cklaesa iulf bo tfa lbetaet be bur beckea prbpartkas, sulf `s eaws ktais, stblh qubtas, wa`tfar rapbrts, i`ps `em `umkb `em vkmab lbetaet, orbi tfkrm-p`rtkas. ^a dackava tf`t usars wkcc kelra`skency mai`em fknf-qu`ckty `umkb `em vkmab lbetaet, sulf `s iuskl, okci, spaalfas, eaws obbt`na, lbelarts, `em btfar spalk`c avaets. \ulf lbetaet i`y raqukra us tb i`ha sudst`etk`c p`yiaets tb tfkrm p`rtkas orbi wfbi wa cklaesa br `lqukra sulf lbetaet. Bur `dkckty tb i`ket`ke `em dukcm rac`tkbesfkps wktf tfkrm-p`rty lbetaet prbvkmars ks lrktkl`c tb bur sullass. Ke `mmktkbe, `s eaw iatfbms obr `llassken tfa Ketareat dalbia `v`kc`dca, kelcumken tfrbunf `ctare`tkva mavklas, wa i`y eaam tb aetar ketb `iaemam lbetaet `nraaiaets wktf axkstken tfkrmp`rty lbetaet prbvkmars tb lbvar tfa eaw mavklas. ^a i`y da ue`dca tb aetar ketb eaw, br prasarva axkstken, rac`tkbesfkps wktf tfa tfkrm-p`rtkas wfbsa lbetaet wa saah tb bdt`ke. Ke `mmktkbe, `s lbipatktkbe obr lbipaccken lbetaet kelra`sas dbtf mbiastkl`ccy `em ketare`tkbe`ccy, bur lbetaet prbvkmars i`y kelra`sa tfa prklas `t wfklf tfay booar tfakr lbetaet tb us, `em pbtaetk`c lbetaet prbvkmars i`y ebt booar tfakr lbetaet tb us `t `cc, br i`y booar kt be taris tf`t `ra ebt `nraa`dca tb us. @e kelra`sa ke tfa prklas lf`rnam tb us dy tfkrm-p`rty lbetaet prbvkmars lbucm f`ri bur bpar`tken rasucts `em oke`el oke`elk`c k`c lbemktkbe. Ourtfar, i`ey bo bur lbetaet cklaesas wktf tfkrm-p`rtkas tfkrm-p`rtkas `ra ebe ebe-ax -axlcu lcuskv skva. a. @ll @llbrm brmken kency, cy, btf btfar ar ^ad ^adl`s l`star tarss `em btf btfar ar iam iamk` k` prb prbvkm vkmars ars,, sul sulf f `s r`m r`mkb kb br tac tacavk avkskb skbe e prbvkmars, prbvkma rs, i`y da `dca tb booar skikc` skikc`rr br kmaetkl`c lbetaet. ]fks kelra`sas kelra`sas tfa kipbrt`ela bo bur `dkckty tb mackva mackvarr lbipaccken amktbrk`c lbetaet `em parsbe`ckz`tkbe bo tfks lbetaet obr usars ke brmar tb mkooaraetk`ta [`fbb! orbi btfar btf ar dus duskea keassa ssas. s. Ko wa `ra ue` ue`dca dca tb ckl cklaes aesaa br `lq `lqukra ukra lbipacck lbipaccken en lbe lbetae taett `t ra` ra`sbe sbe`dc `dcaa prkl prklas, as, ko btf btfar ar 06

 

lbip`ekas drb`ml`st lbetaet tf`t ks skikc`r tb br tfa s`ia `s tf`t prbvkmam dy [`fbb!, br ko wa mb ebt mavacbp lbipaccken amktbrk`c lbetaet br parsbe`ckz`tkbe sarvklas, tfa euidar bo usars bo bur sarvklas i`y ebt nrbw `s `etklkp`tam, br i`y malckea, wfklf lbucm f`ri bur bpar`tken rasucts. ^a racy be tfkrm-p`rty prbvkmars bo rklf iamk` prbmults tb prbvkma tfa talfebcbnkas raqukram tb mackvar rklf  iamk` lbetaet tb bur usars, `em `ey lf`ena ke tfa cklaesken taris, lbsts, `v`kc`dkckty br usar `llapt`ela bo   tfasa prbmults lbucm `mvarsacy `ooalt bur duskeass.

^a racy be ca`mken prbvkmars bo stra` stra`iken iken iamk` prbmults tb cklae cklaesa sa tfa sbotw` sbotw`ra ra ealass`ry ealass`ry tb mackvar rklf iamk` lbetaet tb bur usars. ]fara l`e da eb `ssur`ela tf`t tfasa prbvkmars wkcc lbetkeua tb cklaesa tfasa prbmults tb us be ra`sbe`dca taris, br `t `cc. Bur usars `ra lurraetcy `dca tb acaltrbekl`ccy mbwecb`m lbpkas bo tfa sbotw`ra tb pc`y rklf iamk` oraa bo lf`rna, dut prbvkmars bo rklf iamk` prbmults i`y danke lf`rnken usars obr lbpkas bo tfakr pc`yar sbotw`ra br btfarwksa lf`ena tfakr duskeass ibmac ke ` i`eear tf`t scbws tfa wkmaspra`m `llapt`ela bo  tfasa prbmults. Ke brmar obr bur rklf iamk` sarvklas tb da sullassouc, tfara iust da ` c`rna d`sa bo usars bo tfasa rklf iamk` prbmults. ^a f`va ckiktam br eb lbetrbc bvar tfa `v`kc`dkckty br `llapt`ela bo rklf iamk` sbotw`ra, `em tb tfa axtaet tf`t `ey bo tfasa lkrluist`elas bllur, bur duskeass i`y da `mvarsacy `ooaltam.  Ko wa `ra ue`dca tb `ttr`lt, `t tr`lt, sust`ke `em raeaw mkstrkdutkbe `rr`enaiaets be o`vbr`dca taris, bur ravaeuas  iknft malckea.

^a aet aetar ar ket ketb b mks mkstrk trkdut dutkbe kbe `rr `rr`en `enaia aiaets ets wkt wktf f bpa bpar`t r`tbrs brs bo tfk tfkrmrm-p`r p`rty ty ^ad ^adskt sktas, as, bec beckea kea eat eatwbr wbrhs, hs, sbo sbotw` tw`ra ra lbip`ekas, acaltrbekls lbip`ekas, lbiputar i`euo`lturars `em btfars tb prbibta br suppcy bur sarvklas tb tfakr usars. Obr ax`ipca7 • ^a suppcy sa`rlf sa`rlf `em mkspc`y `mvartksken `mvartksken tb @ookck`ta sktas, wfklf wfklf ketanr`ta bur `mvartksken `mvartksken booarkens booarkens ketb tfakr ^adsktas8 • ^a aet aetar ar ketb mks mkstrk trkdut dutkbe kbe `cc `cck`e k`elas las wkt wktf f Keta Ketarea reatt sar sarvkl vklaa prbv prbvkma kmars rs (ke (kelcu lcumke mken n prb prbvkm vkmars ars bo l`d l`dca ca `em drb`md`em Ketareat `llass) `em sbotw`ra mkstrkdutbrs tb prbibta bur sarvklas tb tfakr usars8 `em • ^a aetar ketb `nraaiaets `nraaiaets wktf ibdkca mavkla mavkla i`euo`lturars i`euo`lturars `em l`rrkars `s wacc `s Ketare Ketareat-ae` at-ae`dcam dcam tacavkskbe tacavkskbe i`euo`lturars `em btfar acaltrbekls lbip`ekas tb prbibta bur sbotw`ra `em sarvklas be tfakr mavklas. Ke sbia i`rhats wa mapaem be ` ckiktam euidar bo mkstrkdutkbe `rr`enaiaets obr ` sknekokl`et parlaet`na bo bur usar `ltkvkty. @ o`kcura dy bur mkstrkdutbrs tb `ttr`lt br rat`ke tfakr usar d`sas wbucm ean`tkvacy kip`lt bur usar `ltkvkty `em, ke ture, wbucm ramula bur ravaeuas. Mkstrkdut Mkstrk dutkbe kbe `nr `nraai aaiaet aetss botae botae kev kevbcv bcvaa rav ravaeu aeuaa sf` sf`rke rken. n. Bva Bvarr tki tkia, a, lbi lbipat patktkb ktkbe e tb aet aetar ar ket ketb b mks mkstrkd trkdutk utkbe be `rr`enaiaets i`y l`usa bur tr`ookl `lquksktkbe lbsts tb kelra`sa. Ke sbia l`sas, wa nu`r`etaa mkstrkdutbrs ` ikekiui cavac bo rav ikekiui ravaeu aeuas as `em, `s ` ras rasuct uct,, rue ` rks rksh h tf` tf`tt tfa mkstrkdu mkstrkdutbr tbrss iknf iknftt ebt naear`ta naear`ta aebunf aebunf `m kiprasskbes, tbbcd`r kest`cc`tkbes, atl. tb btfarwksa a`re tfakr ikekiui p`yiaets. Ke btfar l`sas, wa `nraa tf`t ko  tfa mks mkstrk trkdut dutbr br mba mbass ebt ra` ra`ckz ckzaa spa spalko lkokam kam ike ikekiui kiui rav ravaeu aeuas as wa wkc wkccc `mg `mgust ust tfa mks mkstrk trkdut dutbr‛s br‛s rav ravaeu aeua-s a-sf`r f`raa parlaet`na br prbvkma i`ha-wfbca `rr`enaiaets. \bia bo bur mkstrkdutkbe `nraaiaets `ra ebt axlcuskva, f`va ` sfbrt tari, `ra tarike`dca `t wkcc, br `ra sudgalt tb a`rcy tarike`tkbe prbvkskbes. ]fa cbss bo mkstrkdutbrs, kelra`sam mkstrkdutkbe lbsts, br tfa raeaw`c bo mkstrkdutkbe `nraaiaets be sknekokl`etcy cass o`vbr`dca taris iknft l`usa bur ravaeuas tb malckea.  Ibra kemkvkmu`cs `ra utkckzken ebe-Zarsbe`c Lbiputar (–ZL’), mavklas tb `llass tfa Ketareat `em varskbes bo   bur sarvklas mavacbpam obr tfasa mavklas iknft ebt n`ke wkmaspra`m `mbptkbe dy tfa mavklas‛ usars,  i`euo`lturars, br mkstrkdutbrs br iknft o`kc o `kc tb oueltkbe `s ketaemam be sbia mavklas.

]fa euidar bo kemkvkmu`cs wfb `llass tfa Ketareat tfrbunf mavklas btfar tf`e ` ZL, sulf `s ibdkca tacapfbeas, parsbe`c mknkt`c `sskst`ets, si`rt pfbeas, f`em facm lbiputars, tacavkskbes, `em sat-tbp dbx mavklas, f`s kelra`sam mr`i`t mr` i`tkl` kl`ccy ccy,, `em tfa tra traem em ks ckh ckhacy acy tb lbe lbetke tkeua. ua. Bur sar sarvkl vklas as war waraa brk brknke nke`cc `ccy y mas maskne kneam am obr rkl rklf, f, nr` nr`pfk pfkl`c l`c 0;

 

aevkrbeiaets sulf `s tfbsa `v`kc`dca be tfa mashtbp `em ZL. ]fa cbwar rasbcutkbe, oueltkbe`ckty, `em iaibry `ssblk`tam wktf `ctare`tkva mavklas lurraetcy `v`kc`dca i`y i`ha tfa usa bo bur sarvklas tfrbunf sulf mavklas mkook mk ooklu luct ct,, `e `em m tf tfaa va vars rskb kbes es bo bu burr sa sarv rvkl klas as ma mava vacb cbpa pam m ob obrr tf tfas asaa ma mavk vkla lass i` i`y y eb ebtt da lb lbip ipac acck cken en tb us usar ars, s, i`euo`lturar i`euo` lturars, s, br mkstrk mkstrkdutbrs dutbrs bo `ctare `ctare`tkva `tkva mavklas. A`lf i`euo` i`euo`lturar lturar br mkstrk mkstrkdutbr dutbr i`y ast`d ast`dcksf cksf uekqua talfekl`c st`em`rms obr kts mavklas, `em bur sarvklas i`y ebt wbrh br da vkaw`dca be tfasa mavklas `s ` rasuct. @s wa f`va ckiktam axparkaela tb m`ta ke bpar`tken varskbes bo bur sarvklas mavacbpam br bptkikzam obr usars bo  `ctare`tkva mavklas, `em `s eaw mavklas `em eaw pc`tobris `ra lbetkeu`ccy daken raca`sam, kt ks mkookluct tb pramklt tfa prbdcais wa i`y aelbuetar ke mavacbpken varskbes bo bur sarvklas obr usa be tfasa `ctare`tkva mavklas, `em wa i`y eaam tb mavbta sknekokl`et rasburlas tb tfa lra`tkbe, suppbrt, `em i`ketae`ela bo sulf varskbes. ^a i`y da ue`dca tb `ttr`lt `em rat`ke ` sudst`etk`c euidar bo `ctare`tkva mavkla i`euo`lturars, mkstrkdutbrs, lbetaet prbvkmars, `em usars tb bur sarvklas, br tb l`ptura ` suooklkaet sf`ra bo `e kelra`skency kipbrt`et pbrtkbe bo tfa i`rhat obr tfasa sarvklas, `em, tfaraobra, wa i`y da uesullassouc ke `ttr`ltken dbtf `mvartksars `em praikui sarvkla sudslrkdars tb tfasa sarvklas. ]b tfa axtaet tf`t `e `llass prbvkmar br mavkla i`euo`lturar aetars ketb ` mkstrkdutkbe `rr`enaiaet wktf bea bo bur lbipatktbrs, wa o`la `e kelra`sam rksh tf`t bur usars wkcc o`vbr tfa sarvklas br prbpartkas bo tf`t lbipatktbr. ]fa i`euo`lturar br `llass prbvkmar iknft prbibta ` lbipatktbr‛s sarvklas br iknft kip`kr usars‛ `llass tb bur sarvklas dy i`hken kts mavklas kelbip`tkdca wktf bur sbotw`ra br dy ebt ckstken bur sarvklas ke ` lbevaekaet mkraltbry. Ko  lbipatktkva mkstrkdutbrs kip`kr `llass tb bur sarvklas, br ko tfay skipcy `ra ibra sullassouc tf`e bur mkstrkdutbrs ke mavacbpken mavacbpk en lbipaccken prbmults tf`t `ttr`lt `em rat`ke usars br `mvartks `mvartksars, ars, tfae bur ravaeuas lbucm malckea. Ke tfa outura outura,, `s eaw iatfb iatfbms ms obr `lla `llassken ssken tfa Ketareat dalbia `v`kc`dca, kelcumken kelcumken tfrbun tfrbunf f `ctare `ctare`tkva `tkva mavklas, mavklas, wa i`y eaam tb aetar ketb `iaemam mkstrkdutkbe `nraaiaets wktf axkstken mkstrkdutbrs tb lbvar tfa eaw mavklas `em eaw `nraaiaets wktf `mmktkbe`c mkstrkdutbrs. ^a o`la ` rksh tf`t axkstken `em pbtaetk`c eaw mkstrkdutbrs i`y malkma ebt tb booar mkstrkdutkbe bo bur prbpartkas `em sarvklas be ra`sbe`dca taris, br `t `cc. Ko wa o`kc tb bdt`ke mkstrkdutkbe br tb bdt`ke mkstrkdutkbe be taris tf`t `ra ra`sbe`dca, wa iknft ebt da `dca tb ouccy axaluta bur duskeass pc`e.  Ke ketare`tkbe`c ket are`tkbe`c i`rhats wa lbipata wktf cbl`c Ketareat sarvkla prbvkmars tf`t i`y f`va lbipatktkva  `mv`et`nas.

Ke ` euidar bo ketare`tkbe`c i`rhats, aspalk`ccy tfbsa ke @sk`, Aurbpa, `em C`tke @iarkl`, wa o`la sudst`etk`c lbipatktkbe orbi cbl`c Ketareat sarvkla prbvkmars `em btfar pbrt`cs tf`t booar sa`rlf, lbiiuekl`tkbes, `em btfar lbiiarlk`c sarvklas. I`ey bo tfasa lbip`ekas f`va ` mbike`et i`rhat sf`ra ke tfakr tarrktbrkas `em `ra bweam dy cbl`c tacalbiiuekl`tkbes prbvkmars wfklf nkva tfai ` lbipatktkva `mv`et`na. Cbl`c prbvkmars bo lbipatken beckea sarvklas i`y `csb f`va ` sudst`etk`c `mv`et`na bvar us ke `ttr`ltken usars ke tfakr lbuetry mua tb ibra ast`dcksfam dr`emken ke tf`t lbuetry, nra`tar hebwcamna wktf raspalt tb tfa t`stas `em praoaraelas bo usars raskmken ke tf`t lbuetry lbue try `em/ `em/br br tfa tfakr kr oblu obluss be ` sken skenca ca i`rh i`rhat. at. Ourtfar, Ourtfar, tfa cbl`c prbv prbvkma kmars rs i`y f`va nra nra`tar `tar ranuc`tbry ranuc`tbry `em bpar`t bpa r`tkbe kbe`c `c oca ocaxkd xkdkck kckty ty tf` tf`e e [` [`fb fbb! b! mu muaa tb tfa o`l o`ltt tf` tf`tt wa `ra su sudga dgalt lt tb dbt dbtf f Q. Q.\. \. `e `em m obr obrakn akne e ran ranuc` uc`tb tbry ry raqukraiaets. ^a iust lbetkeua tb kiprbva bur cbl`c booarkens, dalbia ibra hebwcamna`dca `dbut bur cbl`c usars `em tfakr praoaraelas, maapae bur rac`tkbesfkps wktf bur cbl`c usars `s wacc `s kelra`sa bur dr`emken `em btfar i`rhatken `ltkvktkas `ltkvktkas ke brmar tb rai`ke lbipatktkva lbipatktkva `em straentf straentfae ae bur ketare`t ketare`tkbe`c kbe`c i`rhat pbsktkbe. Bur ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tkbes `ra sudgalt tb kelra`sam rkshs wfklf lbucm f`ri bur duskeass, bpar`tken rasucts,  `em oke`elk`c o ke`elk`c lbemktkbe.

Ke `mmktkbe tb uelart`kety `dbut bur `dkckty tb lbetkeua tb naear`ta ravaeuas orbi bur obrakne bpar`tkbes `em axp`em bur ketare`tkbe`c i`rhat pbsktkbe, tfara `ra rkshs kefaraet ke mbken duskeass ketare`tkbe`ccy, kelcumken7 • tr`ma d`rrkars d`rrkars `em lf`enas lf`enas ke tr`ma tr`ma ranuc`tkbes8 ranuc`tkbes8 • mkookluctkas mkookluctkas ke mavacbpken, st`ooken, st`ooken, `em skiuct`eabuscy skiuct`eabuscy i`e`nken ` c`rna euidar bo v`ryke v`ryken n obrakne bpar`tkbes bpar`tkbes `s ` rasuct bo mkst`ela, c`enu`na, `em luctur`c mkooaraelas8 4:

 

• strken strkenaet aet cbl`c c`dbr c`dbr c`ws `em ranuc`tk ranuc`tkbes8 bes8 • cbenar p`yia p`yiaet et lylcas lylcas88 • lramkt rksh rksh `em fknfar fknfar cavacs bo p`yiaet p`yiaet or`um8 or`um8 • prbokt rap`trk`tkbe rastrkltkbes, rastrkltkbes, `em obrakne lurraely axlf`ena rastrkltkbes8 rastrkltkbes8 • pbcktkl pbcktkl`c `c br sblk`c uerast, albebikl albebikl kest`dkckty, kest`dkckty, raprasskbe raprasskbe br fui`e rknfts kssuas8 kssuas8 • nabpbcktkl`c nabpbcktkl`c avaets, avaets, kelcumken kelcumken `lts bo w`r `em tarrbrksi8 tarrbrksi8 • kipbrt br axpbrt axpbrt ranuc`tkb ranuc`tkbes8 es8 • lbipck lbipck`el `elaa wkt wktf f Q.\ Q.\.. c`w c`wss sul sulf f `s tfa Obrakne Obrakne Lbr Lbrrup ruptt Zr` Zr`ltk ltklas las @lt, `em cbl cbl`c `c c`w c`wss prb prbfkd fkdktk ktken en lbr lbrrup ruptt p`yiaets tb nbvareiaet booklk`cs8 • sa`sb sa`sbe`c e`c vbc`tkckty vbc`tkckty ke duskeass duskeass `ltkvkty8 `ltkvkty8 • c`ws `em duskeass duskeass pr`ltklas tf`t o`vbr cbl`c lbipatktbrs lbipatktbrs br prbfkdkt obrakne bwearsfkp bwearsfkp bo lart`k lart`ke e duskeassas8 duskeassas8 • mkooara mkooaraet et `em ibra strkenaet usar prbtaltkbe, prbtaltkbe, m`t` prbtaltkbe, prbtaltkbe, prkv`ly prkv`ly `em btfar c`ws8 `em • rkshs rac`tam rac`tam tb btfar nbvareiaet ranuc`tkbe ranuc`tkbe br raqukram raqukram lbipck`ela lbipck`ela wktf cbl`c c`ws. _kbc`tkbes bo tfa lbipcax obrakne `em Q.\. c`ws `em ranuc`tkbes tf`t `ppcy tb bur ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tkbes lbucm rasuct ke okeas, lrkike`c s`eltkbes `n`kest us, bur booklars br bur aipcbyaas, prbfkdktkbes be tfa lbemult bo bur duskeass `em m`i`na tb bur raput`tkbe. @ctfbunf wa f`va kipcaiaetam pbcklkas `em prblamuras maskneam tb prbibta lbipck`ela wktf tfasa c`ws, tfara l`e da eb `ssur`ela tf`t bur aipcbyaas, lbetr`ltbrs br `naets wkcc ebt vkbc`ta bur pbcklkas. ]fasa rkshs kefaraet ke bur ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tkbes `em axp`eskbe kelra`sa bur lbsts bo  mbken duskeass ketare`tkbe`ccy `em lbucm rasuct ke f`ri tb bur duskeass, bpar`tken rasucts `em oke`elk`c lbemktkbe.  Eaw talfebcbnkas lbucm dcblh bur `mvartksaiaets br bur sa`rlf i`rhatken ckstkens, wfklf wbucm f`ri bur  bpar`tken rasucts.

]alfebcbnkas f`va daae mavacbpam `em `ra ckhacy tb lbetkeua tb da mavacbpam tf`t l`e dcblh tfa mkspc`y bo bur `mvart `mv artksa ksaiae iaets ts br bur sa`rlf sa`rlf i`r i`rhat hatken ken ckstkens. ckstkens. Ibst bo bur ravaeuas ravaeuas `ra mar markva kvam m orbi oaas p`km tb us dy `mvartksars ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa mkspc`y bo `mvartksaiaets br lcklhs be sa`rlf i`rhatken ckstkens be ^ad p`nas. @s ` rasuct, `mvartksaiaet-dcblhken talfebcbny lbucm ramula tfa euidar `em racav`ely bo `mvartksaiaets `em sa`rlf rasucts tf`t wa `ra `dca tb mackvar `em, ke ture, bur `mvartksken ravaeuas `em bpar`tken rasucts.  Zrbprkat`ry mbluiaet obri`ts i`y ckikt tfa aooaltkvaeass bo bur sa`rlf talfebcbny dy pravaetken bur  talfebcbny orbi o rbi `llassken tfa lbetaet bo mbluiaets ke sulf obri`ts, wfklf lbucm ckikt tfa aooaltkvaeass bo   bur prbmults `em sarvklas.

@ c`rna `ibuet bo keobri`tkbe be tfa Ketareat ks prbvkmam ke prbprkat`ry mbluiaet obri`ts sulf `s Iklrbsbot ^brm. ]fasa prbprkat`ry mbluiaet obri`ts i`y ckikt tfa aooaltkvaeass bo bur sa`rlf talfebcbny dy pravaetken bur talfebcbny orbi `llassken tfa lbetaet bo sulf mbluiaets. ]fa prbvkmars bo tfa sbotw`ra `ppckl`tkbes usam tb lra`ta tfasa mbluiaets lbucm aenkeaar tfa mbluiaet obri`t tb pravaet br ketaroara wktf bur `dkckty tb `llass tfa mbluiaet lbetaets wktf bur sa`rlf talfebcbny. ]fks wbucm ia`e tf`t tfa mbluiaet lbetaets wbucm ebt da kelcumam kelcum am ke bur sa`rlf rasucts avae ko tfa lbetaets wara mkraltcy racav`et racav`et tb ` sa`rl sa`rlf. f. ]fa sbotw sbotw`ra `ra prbvkmars i`y `csb saah tb raqukra us tb p`y tfai rby`ctkas ke axlf`ena obr nkvken us tfa `dkckty tb sa`rlf mbluiaets ke tfakr obri`t. Ko ` sbotw`ra prbvkmar `csb lbipatas wktf us, kt i`y nkva kts sa`rlf talfebcbnkas, br tfa talfebcbnkas bo  bur lbipatktbrs, ` praoaraetk`c `dkckty tb sa`rlf mbluiaets ke kts prbprkat`ry obri`t. @ey bo tfasa rasucts lbucm f`ri bur dr`em `em bur bpar`tken rasucts.

40

 

 Ketarruptkbes, mac`ys, br o`kcuras ke tfa prbvkskbe bo bur sarvklas lbucm f`ri bur bpar`tken rasucts.

Mac`ys br mksruptkbes tb bur sarvkla lbucm rasuct orbi ` v`rkaty bo l`usas, kelcumken tfa obccbwken7 • Bur bpa bpar`t r`tkbes kbes `ra sus suslap laptkd tkdca ca tb but but`na `nass `em ket ketarru arruptk ptkbes bes mua tb okra okra,, ocbb ocbbm, m, a`r a`rtfq tfqu`h u`ha, a, pbw pbwar ar cbs cbss, s, tacalbiiuekl`tkbes o`kcuras, lydar `tt`lhs, tarrbrkst `tt`lhs, `em skikc`r avaets. • Maspkta Maspkta bur kipcai kipcaiaet`tk aet`tkbe be bo eatwbr eatwbrh h salurkty ia`suras, ia`suras, bur sarva sarvars rs `ra vucear vucear`dca `dca tb lbiputar vkrusas, vkrusas, wbris, pfyskl`c `em acaltrbekl dra`h-kes, s`dbt`na, `em skikc`r mksruptkbes orbi ue`utfbrkzam t`iparken, `s wacc `s lbbrmke`tam maek`c-bo-sarvkla `tt`lhs.wa ^amb `raebt mkstrkdutken sarvars `mmktkbe`c laetars `rbuem tfa wbrcm tb lra`ta ramuem`elkas8 fbwavar, f`va iuctkpca skta`iben l`p`lkty obr `cc m`t` bo bur sarvklas `em sbia bo bur systais `ra ebt ouccy ramuem`et ke tfa avaet bo mac`ys br mksruptkbes tb sarvkla. • ^a racy be tfkrm-p tfkrm-p`rty `rty prbvkmars prbvkmars obr bur prkelkp`c prkelkp`c Ketareat lbeealtkbes lbeealtkbes `em lb-cbl`tkbe lb-cbl`tkbe bo ` skneko sknekokl`et kl`et pbrtkbe pbrtkbe bo bur m`t` sarvars, `s wacc `s obr hay lbipbeaets bo bur a-i`kc `em _BKZ sarvklas, eaws `em stblh qubta mackvary, lf`t sarvklas, i`ppken, stra`iken, `em btfar sarvklas. ^a f`va ckttca br eb lbetrbc bvar tfasa tfkrmp`rty prbvkmars. @ey mksruptkbe bo tfa sarvklas tfay prbvkma us br `ey o`kcura bo tfasa tfkrm-p`rty prbvkmars tb f`emca fknfar vbcuias bo usa lbucm, ke ture, l`usa mac`ys br mksruptkbes ke bur sarvklas. Zrbcbenam mac`ys br mksruptkbes tb bur sarvkla lbucm rasuct ke ` cbss bo usars, m`i`na bur dr`em `em f`ri bur bpar`tken rasucts. Ke `mmktkbe, usars‛ `dkckty br wkcckeneass tb `llass bur sarvklas iknft da kip`kram dy sp`i, vkrusas, wbris, spyw`ra, pfksfken, `em btfar `lts bo i`ckla dy tfkrm p`rtkas `ooaltken tfa usar naear`ccy br tfa usar‛s usa bo bur sarvklas ke p`rtkluc`r.  Ko wa o`kc tb pravaet lcklh or`um br ko wa lfbbsa tb i`e`na tr`ookl qu`ckty ke ` w`y tf`t `mvartksars okem  ues`tkso`ltbry, bur prbokt`dkckty iknft malckea.

@ pbrtkbe bo bur i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas `rksas orbi `mvartksars tf`t p`y obr `mvartksken be ` prkla-par-lcklh  d`sks, ia`eken tf`t tfa `mvartksars p`y ` oaa avary tkia ` usar lcklhs be tfakr `mvartksken. ]fks prklken ibmac l`e da vucear`dca tb sb-l`ccam –lcklh or`um,’ wfklf bllurs wfae lcklhs `ra sudikttam be `ms dy ` usar wfb ks ibtkv`tam dy ra`sbes btfar tf`e naeukea ketarast ke tfa sudgalt bo tfa `m. Be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em @ookck`ta sktas, wa `ra axpbsam tb tfa rksh bo lcklh or`um br btfar lcklhs br lbevarskbes tf`t `mvartksars i`y parlakva `s uemaskr`dca. Ko or`umucaet br btfar i`cklkbus `ltkvkty ks parpatr`tam dy btfars `em wa `ra ue`dca tb matalt `em pravaet kt, br ko wa lfbbsa tb i`e`na tr`ookl qu`ckty ke ` w`y tf`t `mvartksars okem ues`tkso`ltbry, tfa `ooaltam `mvartksars i`y axparkaela br parlakva ` ramulam rature be tfakr kevastiaet ke bur `mvartksken prbnr`is wfklf lbucm ca`m tfa `mvartksars tb dalbia mkss`tksokam wktf bur `mvartksken prbnr`is `em tfay iknft raousa tb p`y br mai`em mai `em rao raouem uems. s. ]fk ]fkss lbu lbucm cm m`i m`i`na `na bur dr` dr`em em `em ca`m tb ` cbs cbsss bo `mv `mvart artksa ksars rs `em ravaeuas. ravaeuas. @mvartks @mvartksar ar mkss`tkso`l mkss` tkso`ltkbe tkbe f`s cam tb cktkn` cktkn`tkbe tkbe `ccanken lcklh or`um `em btfar typas bo tr`ookl qu`ckt qu`ckty-rac` y-rac`tam tam lc`kis `em lbucm pbtaetk`ccy ca`m tb ourtfar cktkn`tkbe br nbvareiaet ranuc`tkbe bo `mvartksken. ^a i`y `csb kssua raouems br lramkts `s ` rasuct bo sulf `ltkvkty. @ey kelra`sa ke lbsts mua tb `ey sulf cktkn`tkbe, nbvareiaet ranuc`tkbe br canksc`tkbe, raouems br lramkts lbucm ean`tkvacy kip`lt bur prbokt`dkckty.  Ocultu`tkbes ke obrakne lurraely axlf`ena r`tas `ooalt bur bpar`tken rasucts ke Q.\. mbcc`r taris.

@ pbrtkbe bo bur ravaeuas `rksas orbi ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tkbes. Tavaeuas naear`tam `em axpaesas kelurram dy bur ketare` keta re`tkb tkbe`c e`c sud sudskm skmk`r k`rkas kas `ra bot botae ae mae maebik bike`t e`tam am ke tfa lur lurrae raelka lkass bo tfa cbl cbl`c `c lbu lbuetr etrkas kas.. @s ` ras rasuct uct,, bur lbesbckm`tam Q.\. mbcc`r oke`elk`c st`taiaets `ra sudgalt tb ocultu`tkbes mua tb lf`enas ke axlf`ena r`tas `s tfa oke`elk oke` elk`c `c ras rasuct uctss bo bur ket ketare are`tk `tkbe` be`cc sud sudskm skmk`r k`rkas kas `ra tr` tr`esc esc`ta `tam m orbi cbl cbl`c `c lur lurrae raelka lkass ket ketb b Q.\ Q.\.. mbc mbcc`r c`rs. s. Ke `mmktkbe, bur oke`elk`c rasucts `ra sudgalt tb lf`enas ke axlf`ena r`tas tf`t kip`lt tfa sattcaiaet bo tr`es`ltkbes ke ebe-cbl`c lurraelkas.

44

 

^a i`y da raqukram tb ralbrm ` sknekokl`et lf`rna tb a`rekens ko bur nbbmwkcc, `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats,  br kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts dalbia kip`kram.

^a `ra raqukra raqukram m uemar naear`ccy naear`ccy `llap `llaptam tam `llbuetken `llbuetken prkelk prkelkpcas pcas tb tast nbbmwkcc obr kip`kriaet `t ca`st `eeu`ccy `eeu`ccy `em tb ravkaw bur `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats `em kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts obr kip`kriaet wfae avaets br lf`ena lf` enass ke lkr lkrlui luist` st`ela ela kem kemkl` kl`ta ta tfa l`r l`rryk ryken en v`c v`cua ua i`y ebt da ral ralbva bvar`d r`dca. ca. O`l O`ltbr tbrss tf` tf`tt lbu lbucm cm ca` ca`m m tb kip`kriaet bo nbbmwkcc `em `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats kelcuma sknekokl`et `mvarsa lf`enas ke tfa duskeass lcki`t lck i`taa `em malckeas malckeas ke tfa oke`elk`c oke`elk`c lbe lbemkt mktkbe kbe bo bur dus duskea keass. ss. O`ltbrs O`ltbrs tf` tf`tt lbu lbucm cm ca` ca`m m tb kip kip`kri `kriaet aet bo  kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts kelcuma ` prbcbenam parkbm bo malckea ke tfa stblh prkla br bpar`tken parobri`ela bo, br `e `eebuelaiaet bo `mvarsa lf`enas br avaets dy, tfa lbip`ey ke wfklf wa kevastam. ^a f`va ralbrmam `em `e m i` i`y y da ra raqu qukr kram am ke tf tfaa out outur uraa tb ra ralb lbrm rm `m `mmk mktk tkbe be`c `c lf lf`r `rna nass tb a` a`re reke kens ns ko ` pb pbrt rtkb kbe e bo bu burr nb nbbm bmwk wkcc cc,, `ibrtkz`dca `ibrtkz `dca ket`enkdca `ssats, br kevas kevastiaets tiaets ke aqukty ketarasts ketarasts dalbi dalbias as kip`kr kip`kram. am. @ey sulf lf`rn lf`rnaa wbucm `mvarsacy kip`lt bur rasucts bo bpar`tkbes. ^a i`y f`va axpbsura tb `mmktkbe`c t`x ck`dkcktkas wfklf lbucm ean`tkvacy kip`lt bur kelbia t`x prbvkskbe, eat kelbia, `em l`sf ocbw.

^a `ra sudgalt tb kelbia t`xas `em btfar t`xas ke dbtf tfa Q.\. `em tfa obrakne gurksmkltkbes ke wfklf wa lurraetcy bpar`ta br f`va fkstbrkl`ccy bpar`tam. ]fa matarike`tkbe bo bur wbrcmwkma prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas `em lurraet `em maoarram t`x `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas raqukras gumniaet `em astki`tkbe. Ke tfa brmke`ry lbursa bo bur duskeass, tfara `ra i`ey tr`es`ltkbes `em l`cluc`tkbes wfara tfa uctki`ta t`x matarike`tkbe ks uelart`ke. ^a `ra sudgal sud galtt tb ran ranuc` uc`rr rav ravkaw kaw `em `um `umkt kt dy dbt dbtf f mbi mbiast astkl kl `em obrakne obrakne t`x `utfbrkt `utfbrktkas kas `s wac waccc `s sudgalt sudgalt tb tfa prbspaltkva `em ratrbspaltkva aooalts bo lf`enken t`x ranuc`tkbes `em canksc`tkbe. @ctfbunf wa dackava bur t`x astki`tas `ra ra`sbe`dca, tfa uctki`ta t`x butlbia i`y i`tark`ccy mkooar orbi tfa t`x `ibuets ralbrmam ke bur lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets `em i`y i`tark`ccy `ooalt bur kelbia t`x prbvkskbe, eat kelbia, br l`sf ocbws ke tfa parkbm br parkbms obr wfklf sulf matarike`tkbe ks i`ma. Qelart`kety rasuctken orbi pbtaetk`c prbpbs`cs tb `lqukra `cc br p`rt bo [`fbb! i`y `mvarsacy `ooalt bur  duskeass.

Ke 4::6, wa ralakvam prbpbs`cs tb `lqukra `cc br ` p`rt bo bur Lbip`ey. ]fkrm p`rtkas i`y ke tfa outura i`ha prbpbs`cs tb `lqukra `cc br p`rt bo tfa Lbip`ey br t`ha btfar `ltkbes tf`t iknft lra`ta uelart`kety obr bur aipcbyaas, pudcksfars, `mvartksars, `em btfar duskeass p`rtears. ]fks lbetkeuken uelart`kety lbucm ean`tkvacy kip`lt bur duskeass. Bur stblh prkla f`s daae vbc`tkca fkstbrkl`ccy `em i`y lbetkeua tb da vbc`tkca ran`rmcass bo bur bpar`tken  parobri`ela.

]fa tr`mken prkla bo bur lbiibe stblh f`s daaes`ca `emprkla i`y bo lbetkeua tb da sudgalt tb wkma ocultu`tkbes. Murken tfa qu`rtar aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa lcbsken bur lbiibe stblh be tfa E@\M@P Ncbd`c \acalt I`rhat r`enam orbi $6.;1 tb $0?.;? par sf`ra `em tfa lcbsken s`ca prkla be Oadru`ry 0<, 4::; w`s $04.6= par sf`ra. Bur stblh prkla i`y ocultu`ta ke raspbesa tb ` euidar bo avaets `em o`ltbrs, sulf `s qu`rtarcy v`rk`tkbes ke bpar`tken rasucts, `eebuelaiaets `eebuelaiaets `em kipcai kipcaiaet`tkbe aet`tkbess bo talfeb talfebcbnkl`c cbnkl`c keebv`tkbes keebv`tkbes br eaw sarvklas, upnr`m upnr`mas as `em iamk` prbpartkas dy us br bur lbipatktbrs8 lf`enas ke oke`elk`c astki`tas `em ralbiiaem`tkbes dy salurktkas `e`cysts8 tfa bpar`tken `em stblh prkla parobri`ela bo btfar lbip`ekas tf`t kevastbrs i`y maai lbip`r`dca tb us8 tfa bpar`tken parobri`ela bo lbip`ekas ke wfklf wa f`va `e aqukty kevastiaet, kelcumken [`fbb! G`p`e `em @ckd`d` Nrbup Fbcmken Ckiktam8 Ckiktam8 `em eaws rapbrts rac`tken tb us, traems ke bur i`rhats, br naear`c albebikl lbemktkbes. lbemktkbes. Ke `mmktkbe, tfa stblh i`rhat ke naear`c, `em tfa i`rhat prklas obr Ketareat-rac`tam lbip`ekas ke p`rtkluc`r, f`va axparkaelam vbc`tkckty tf`t botae f`s daae uerac`tam tb tfa bpar`tken parobri`ela bo sulf lbip`ekas. ]fasa drb`m i`rhat i`r hat `em kem kemust ustry ry ocul ocultu` tu`tkb tkbes es i`y `mv `mvars arsacy acy `oo `ooalt alt tfa prkl prklaa bo bur stb stblh, lh, ran ran`rm `rmcas casss bo bur bpa bpar`t r`tken ken parobri`ela. _bc`tkckty br ` c`lh bo pbsktkva parobri`ela ke bur stblh prkla i`y `mvarsacy `ooalt bur `dkckty tb rat`ke hay aipcbyaas, `cc bo wfbi f`va daae nr`etam stblh bptkbes br btfar stblh-d`sam `w`rms. @ sust`keam malckea ke bur stblh prkla `em i`rhat l`pkt`ckz`tkbe lbucm ca`m tb `e kip`kriaet lf`rna bo bur cben-ckvam `ssats. 4<

 

 @etk-t`habvar prbvkskbes lbucm i`ha kt ibra mkookluct obr ` tfkrm-p`rty tb `lqukra us.

^a f`va `mbptam ` stblhfbcmar rknfts pc`e `em kektk`ccy malc`ram ` mkvkmaem mkstrkdutkbe bo bea rknft obr a`lf buts bu tst` t`em emke ken n sf sf`r `raa bo lb lbii iibe be st stbl blh h tb st stbl blhf hfbc bcma mars rs bo ra ralb lbrm rm `s bo I` I`rl rlf f 4: 4:,, 4: 4::0 :0.. @s ` ra rasu suct ct bo bu burr twb-obr-bea stblh spckt aooaltkva I`y 00, 4::=, a`lf sf`ra bo lbiibe stblh ks ebw `ssblk`tam wktf bea-f`co bo  bea rknft. A`lf rknft aetktcas tfa fbcmar tb purlf`sa bea uekt lbeskstken bo bea bea-tfbus`emtf bo ` sf`ra bo bur \arkas @ Guekbr Z`rtkl Z`rtklkp`tke kp`tken n Zraoar Zraoarram ram \tblh obr $41: par uekt. Qemar lart`ke lkrluist`ela lkrluist`elas, s, ko ` parsbe br nrbup `lqukras 01 parlaet br ibra bo bur butst`emken lbiibe stblh, fbcmars bo tfa rknfts (btfar tf`e tfa parsbe br nrbup trknnarken axarlksa) wkcc ketb da `dca tb purlf`sa, ke axlf`ena obr` tfa $41: prkla, sf`ras bo bur lbiibe stblh brtfakr bo `ey lbip`ey wfklf wa `ra iarnam f`vken v`cua bo axarlksa $1::. ]fa rknfts axpkra be I`rlf 0, 4:00, uecass axtaemam dy bur Db`rm bo Mkraltbrs. Dal`usa tfa rknfts i`y sudst`etk`ccy mkcuta tfa stblh  bwearsfkp bo ` parsbe br nrbup `ttaiptken tb t`ha us bvar wktfbut tfa `pprbv`c bo bur Db`rm bo Mkraltbrs, bur rknfts pc`e lbucm i`ha kt ibra mkookluct obr ` tfkrm-p`rty tb `lqukra us (br ` sknekokl`et parlaet`na bo bur butst`emken l`pkt`c stblh) wktfbut okrst eanbtk`tken wktf bur Db`rm bo Mkraltbrs ran`rmken tf`t `lquksktkbe. Ke `mmktkbe, bur Db`rm bo Mkraltbrs f`s tfa `utfbrkty tb kssua up tb 0: ikcckbe sf`ras bo Zraoarram \tblh (bo wfklf 4 ikcckbe sf`ras f`va daae maskne`tam `s \arkas @ Guekbr Z`rtklkp`tken Zraoarram \tblh) `em tb matarikea tfa prkla, rknfts, praoaraelas, prkvkcanas `em rastrkltkbes, kelcumken vbtken rknfts, bo tfbsa sf`ras wktfbut `ey ourtfar vbta br `ltkbe dy tfa stblhfbcmars. ]fa rknfts bo tfa fbcmars bo bur lbiibe stblh i`y da sudgalt tb, `em i`y da `mvarsacy `ooaltam dy, tfa rknfts bo  tfa fbcmars bo `ey Zraoarram \tblh tf`t i`y da kssuam ke tfa outura. ]fa kssu`ela bo Zraoarram \tblh i`y f`va tfa aooa ao oalt lt bo ma mac` c`yk yken en,, ma mata tarrk rrken en br pr prav avae aetk tken en ` lf lf`e `ena na ke lb lbet etrb rbcc bo [` [`fb fbb! b! wk wktf tfbu butt ou ourtf rtfar ar `l `ltk tkbe be dy tf tfaa stblhfbcmars `em i`y `mvarsacy `ooalt tfa vbtken `em btfar rknfts bo tfa fbcmars bo bur lbiibe stblh. Ourtfar, sbia prbvkskbes bo bur lf`rtar mbluiaets, kelcumken prbvkskbes ackike`tken tfa `dkckty bo stblhfbcmars tb t`ha `ltkbe dy wrkttae lbesaet `em ckiktken tfa `dkckty bo stblhfbcmars tb r`ksa i`ttars `t ` iaatken bo stblhfbcmars wktfbut nkvken `mv`ela ebtkla, i`y f`va tfa aooalt bo mac`yken br pravaetken lf`enas ke lbetrbc br i`e`naiaet bo [`f [`fbb! bb!,, wfk wfklf lf lbu lbucm cm f`v f`vaa `e `mvarsa `mvarsa aoo aooalt alt be tfa i`rhat i`rhat prkl prklaa bo bur stblh. stblh. Ke `mmktkbe, `mmktkbe, bur lf` lf`rta rtarr mbluiaets mb ebt parikt luiuc`tkva vbtken, wfklf i`y i`ha kt ibra mkookluct obr ` tfkrm-p`rty tb n`ke lbetrbc bo  bur Db`rm bo Mkraltbrs. Ourtfar, wa `ra sudgalt tb tfa `etk-t`habvar prbvkskbes bo \altkbe 4:< bo tfa Mac`w`ra Naear`cc Lbrpbr Naear` Lbrpbr`tkbe `tkbe C`w, wfklf wkcc prbfkdk prbfkdktt us orbi aen`n aen`nken ken ke ` –dusk –duskeass eass lbidke`tkbe’ lbidke`tkbe’ wktf `e –keta –ketarastam rastam stblhfbcmar’ obr ` parkbm bo tfraa ya`rs `otar tfa m`ta bo tfa tr`es`ltkbe ke wfklf tfa parsbe dal`ia `e ketarastam stblhfbcmar, avae ko sulf lbidke`tkbe ks o`vbram dy ` i`gbrkty bo stblhfbcmars, uecass tfa duskeass lbidke`tkbe ks `pprbvam ke ` praslrkdam i`eear. ]fa `ppckl`tkbe bo \altkbe 4:< `csb lbucm f`va tfa aooalt bo mac`yken br pravaetken ` lf`ena ke lbetrbc bo [`fbb!.

Ktai 0D.   Qerasbcvam \t`oo Lbiiaets Lbiiaets Ebea.

Ktai 4.   Zrbpartkas Bur fa` fa`mqu mqu`rt `rtars ars ks cbl cbl`ta `tam m ke \ue \ueeyv eyv`ca `ca,, L`c L`ckobr kobrek` ek` `em lbe lbesks sksts ts bo bwe bweam am `em ca` ca`sam sam sp` sp`la la `nn `nnran ran`tk `tken en `pprbxki`tacy 0.6 ikcckbe squ`ra oaat. Ke 4::?, wa purlf`sam `mmktkbe`c c`em ke \`et` Lc`r`, L`ckobrek`, `em wa `ra lur lurrae raetcy tcy rav ravkaw kawken ken bpt bptkbe kbess obr kts out outura ura usa usa.. Boo Bookla kla sp` sp`la la ks `cs `csb b ca` ca`sam sam ke @is @istar tarm`i m`i,, @ul @ulhc` hc`em, em, D`en`cbra, D`rlacbe`, Dakgken, Dum`past, Duaebs @kras, Mudcke, Mussacmbro, Nraebdca, F`ko`, F`idurn, Fb Lfk Ikef Lkty, Fben Hben, Naeav`, Cbembe, I`mrkm, I`ekc`, Iaxklb Lkty, Ikc`e, Ibetra`c, Iuid`k, Iueklf, Eaw Macfk, Z`rks, \ìb Z`ucb, \abuc, \ken`pbra, \ymeay, ]`kpak, ]bhyb, ]brbetb `em ]rbemfaki. ^a `csb ca`sa booklass ke v`rkbu bookla v`rkbuss cbl`tk cbl`tkbes bes ke tfa Qektam \t`tas \t`tas,, kelcum kelcumken ken @tc`et`, Darhacay, Dbstbe, Lf`ip`kne, Lf`ip`kne, Lfkl`nb, M`cc`s, Matrbkt, Fkccsdbrb, tfa Cbs @enacas @ra`, Ik`ik, Eaw [brh, Bi`f`, Brc`emb, tfa \`e Mkanb @ra`, tfa \`e Or`elkslb D`y @ra`, tfa \a`ttca @ra`, Draetwbbm `em Or`ehcke, ]aeeassaa, `em ^`sfkentbe, M.L. Bur m`t` laetars `ra bpar`tam ke cbl`tkbes ke tfa Qektam \t`tas, Aurbpa, `em @sk`. 4=

 

^a dackava tf`t bur axkstken o`lkcktkas `ra `maqu`ta tb iaat lurraet raqukraiaets, `em tf`t sukt`dca `mmktkbe`c br sudstktuta sp`la wkcc da `v`kc`dca `s eaamam tb `llbiibm`ta `ey ourtfar pfyskl`c axp`eskbe bo bpar`tkbes `em obr `ey `mmktkbe`c s`cas booklas.

Ktai <.   Can`c Zrblaamkens Obr ` maslrkptkbe bo bur i`tark`c can`c prblaamkens, saa Ebta 0<”–Lbiiktiaets `em Lbetkenaelkas’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets, wfklf ks kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.

Ktai =.   \udiksskbe bo I`ttars tb ` _bta bo \alurkty Fbcmars Eb i`ttars wara sudikttam tb ` vbta bo salurkty fbcmars murken tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6.

41

 

Z`rt KK Ktai 1.   I`rhat obr Tankstr`et‛s Lbiibe Aqukty, Tac`tam \tblhfbcmar I`ttars `em Kssuar Zurlf`sas bo   Aqukty \alurktkas

I`rhat Keobri`tkbe obr Lbiibe \tblh [`fbb! Kel. lbiibe stblh ks qubtam be tfa E@\M@P Ncbd`c \acalt I`rhat uemar tfa syidbc –[FBB.’ ]fa obccbwken t`dca sats obrtf tfa r`ena bo fknf `em cbw par sf`ra s`cas prklas `s rapbrtam obr a`lf parkbm kemkl`tam7 4::>

Okrst qu` Okrst qu`rt rtar ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \alb \a lbem em qu` qu`rt rtar ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]fkr ]f krm m qu`r qu`rta tarr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oburt Obu rtf f qu` qu`rt rtar ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::6

Fknf

Cbw

Fknf

Cbw

$<4.6= $<4. 6= $<<. $< <.?0 ?0 $4>. $4 >.6: 6: $<=. $< =.:6 :6

$41.4? $41. 4? $4?. $4 ?.?0 ?0 $44. $4 4.4> 4> $44. $4 4.6: 6:

$<:.41 $<:. 41 $4;. $4 ;.>< >< $4=. $4 =.6: 6: $0>. $0 >.<0 <0

$06.16 $06. 16 $4:. $4 :.?: ?: $0?. $0 ?.66 66 $ 6. 6.;= ;=

\tblhfbcmars ^a f`m 00,16? stblhfbcmars bo ralbrm `s bo Oadru`ry 0<, 4::;.

Mkvkmaems ^a f`va ebt malc`ram br p`km `ey l`sf mkvkmaems be bur lbiibe stblh. ^a prasaetcy mb ebt f`va pc`es tb p`y `ey l`sf mkvkmaems ke tfa ea`r outura.

4?

 

Zarobri`ela Nr`pf ]fks parobri`ela nr`pf sf`cc ebt da maaiam –okcam’ obr purpbsas bo \altkbe 06 bo tfa \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt bo  0;<=, `s `iaemam (tfa –Axlf`ena @lt’) br btfarwksa sudgalt tb tfa ck`dkcktkas uemar tf`t \altkbe `em sf`cc ebt da maaiam tb da kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela ketb `ey okcken bo [`fbb! uemar tfa \alurktkas @lt bo 0;<<, `s `iaemam br tfa Axlf`ena @lt. ]fa obc obccbw cbwken ken nr` nr`pf pf lbi lbip`r p`ras, as, obr tfa okv okva-y a-ya`r a`r par parkbm kbm aem aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::6, 6, tfa lui luiuc` uc`tkv tkvaa tbt tbt`c `c stblhfbcmar rature obr tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh, tfa E@\M@P \tblh I`rhat (Q.\. lbip`ekas) Kemax (tfa –E@\M@P I`rhat Kemax’), tfa E@\M@P 0:: Kemax (tfa –E@\M@P 0:: Kemax’), tfa \t`em`rm & Zbbr‛s Ebrtf @iarkl`e @iarkl `e ]alfe ]alfebcbnybcbny-Ketare Ketareat at Kemax, obriarcy tfa Nbcmi` Nbcmi`e e \`lfs Ketareat Ketareat ]r`mke ]r`mken n Kemax, (tfa –NKE’), `em tfa \t`em`rm & Zbbr‛s 1:: \tblh Kemax (tfa –\&Z 1:: Kemax’). ]fa Lbip`ey f`s `mmam tfa E@\M@P 0:: Kemax tb tfa nr`pf dal`usa tfa Lbip`ey ks usken tbt`c sf`rafbcmar rature `s ia`suram wktf raoaraela tb tfks kemax tb matarikea tfa vastken bo lart`ke parobri`ela d`sam aqukty `w`rms. ^a mb ebt pc`e tb kelcuma tfa E@\M@P I`rhat Kemax ke bur @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::;. Ia`suraiaet pbkets `ra tfa c`s c`stt tr` tr`mke mken n m`y bo a`l a`lf f bo tfa Lbip`ey‛ Lbip`ey‛ss oks oksl`c l`c ya`rs aemam aemam Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4::=, Malaida Malaidarr <0, 4::1, Malaidar <0, 4::?, Malaidar <0, 4::>, `em Malaidar <0, 4::6. ]fa nr`pf `ssuias tf`t $0:: w`s kevastam be Malaidar <0, 4::< ke tfa lbiibe stblh bo tfa Lbip`ey, tfa E@\M@P \tblh I`rhat Kemax, tfa E@\M@P 0:: Kemax, tfa NKE, `em tfa \&Z 1:: Kemax, `ssuias rakevastiaet bo `ey mkvkmaems `em ks `mgustam tb nkva aooalt tb tfa Lbip`ey‛s I`y 00, 4::= stblh spckt. ]fa stblh prkla parobri`ela be tfa obccbwken nr`pf ks ebt ealass`rkcy kemkl`tkva bo outura stblh prkla parobri`ela. $4:: $06: $0?: $0=: $04: $0:: $6: $?: $=: $4: $: 04/<0/4::<

04/<0/4::=

04/<:/4::1

04/4;/4::?

04/<0/4::>

[`fbb! Kel.

NKE

 E@\M@P  E@\M @P I`rhat I`rhat Kemax

\&Z 1:: Kemax

04/<0/4::6

 E@\M@P  E@\M @P 0:: Kemax Kemax

[`fbb! [`fb b! Ke Kel. l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E@\M E@ \M@P @P I`r `rha hatt Ke Kema max x ............... E@\M E@ \M@P @P 0: 0:: : Ke Kema max x .................. NKE NK E ............................... \&Z \& Z 1: 1:: : Ke Kema max x .......................

04/<0/ 04/ <0/4:: 4::< <

04/<0 04/ <0/4: /4::= :=

04/<:/ 04/ <:/4:: 4::1 1

04/4; 04 /4;/4: /4::? :?

04/<0 04/ <0/4: /4::> :>

04/<0/ 04/ <0/4:: 4::6 6

$0::.: $0:: .:: : $0:: $0 ::.: .:: : $0:: $0 ::.: .:: : $0:: $0 ::.: .:: : $0:: $0 ::.: .:: :

$0?>.< $0?> .<? ? $0:6 $0 :6.1 .1; ; $00: $0 0:.= .== = $04< $0 4<.4 .41 1 $0:6 $0 :6.; .;; ;

$0>=.: $0>= .:4 4 $00: $0 0:.: .:6 6 $004 $0 04.: .:6 6 $0=0 $0 =0.6 .6< < $004 $0 04.4 .4? ?

$00<.= $00< .== = $04: $0 4:.1 .1? ? $00; $0 0;.? .?; ; $0<6 $0 <6.: .:> > $04> $0 4>.1 .11 1

$0:<.< $0:< .<0 0 $0<4 $0 <4.< .<; ; $0=4 $0 =4.: .:< < $01: $0 1:.= .=? ? $0<4 $0 <4.: .:? ?

$1=.0; $1=. 0; $>6. $> 6.>4 >4 $64. $6 4.1= 1= $>;. $> ;.=6 =6 $60. $6 0.4< 4<

4>

 

Ktai ?.   \acaltam Oke`elk`c M`t` Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo Kelbia M`t`7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::=(0)

4::1(4)

4::?(<)

4::>

4::6(=)

(Ke tfbus`ems, axlapt par sf`ra `ibuets)

Tavaeuas Tavaeu as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $<,1>= $<,1>=,10 ,10> > $1,41> $1,41>,?? ,??6 6 $?,=41 $?,=41,?> ,?>; ; $?,;?; $?,;?;,4> ,4>= = $>,4:6 $>,4:6,1: ,1:4 4 Kelbi Kel biaa orb orbi i bpa bpar` r`tk tkbe bess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ?6 ?66, 6,16 160 0 $0 $0,0 ,0:> :>,> ,>41 41 $ ;= ;=:, :,;? ;?? ? $ ?; ?;1, 1,=0 =0< < $ 04,; 04,;?< ?< Eatt kel Ea kelbi biaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6< 6<;, ;,11 11< < $0 $0,6 ,6;? ;?,4 ,4<: <: $ >1 >10, 0,<; <;0 0 $ ?? ??:, :,:: ::: : $ =4 =4=, =,4; 4;6 6 Eat kelbia par sf`ra”d`skl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

:.?4 $

0.<1 $

:.1= $

:.=; $

:.<0

Eat kelbia par sf`ra”mkcutam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

:.16 $

0.46 $

:.14 $

:.=> $

:.4;

\f`ras \f` ras usa usam m ke par sf` sf`ra ra l`c l`cluc luc`tk `tkbe” be”d`s d`skl kl . . . . .

0,<1<, 0,< 1<,=<; =<;

0,=::, 0,= ::,=40 =40

0,<66, 0,< 66,>=0 >=0

0,<<6, 0,< <6,;6> ;6>

0,<?;, 0,< ?;,=>? =>?

\f`ras \f` ras usa usam m ke par sf` sf`ra ra l`c l`cluc luc`tk `tkbe” be”mkcu mkcutam tam . . .

0,=14, 0,= 14,=;; =;;

0,=61, 0,= 61,1;0 1;0

0,=1>, 0,= 1>,?6? ?6?

0,=:1, 0,= :1,=6? =6?

0,=::, 0,= ::,0:0 0:0

(0)

Bur eat kelbia obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::= kelcumam n`kes rac`tam tb s`cas bo `e kevastiaet bo  $<0= ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, br $:.4< par d`skl sf`ra br $:.44 par mkcutam sf`ra.

(4)

Bur eat kelbia obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::1 kelcumam n`kes rac`tam tb s`cas bo `e kevastiaet bo  $16: ikcckbe, eat bo t`x8 ` n`ke bo $4:1 ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, rac`tam tb tfa mkvastktura bo [`fbb! Lfke` ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa str`tankl kevastiaet wktf @ckd`d` Nrbup Fbcmken Ckiktam (–@ckd`d` Nrbup’)8 `em ` t`x daeaokt bo $4=6 ikcckbe rac`tam tb ` sudskmk`ry rastrulturken tr`es`ltkbe. Ke `nnran`ta, tfasa ktais f`m `e kip`lt bo $0,:<< ikcckbe be eat kelbia, br $:.>= par d`skl sf`ra br $:.>: par mkcutam sf`ra.

(<)

Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, `s ` rasuct bo `mbptken \t`taiaet bo Oke`elk`c @llbuetken \t`em`rm (–\O@\’) Eb. 04< (ravksam 4::=), –\f`ra-D`sam Z`yiaet’ (–\O@\ 04<T’), bur kelbia orbi bpar`tkbes w`s cbwar dy $<4= ikcckbe `em bur eat kelbia w`s cbwar dy $444 ikcckbe, tf`e ko wa f`m lbetkeuam lbetkeuam tb `llbu `llbuet et obr stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe uemar @llbuetken Zrkelkpcas Db`rm (–@ZD’) Bpkekbe Eb. 41, –@llbuetken obr \tblh \tbl h Kss Kssuam uam tb Aip Aipcby cbyaas aas’’ (–@ (–@ZD ZD 41’ 41’). ). D`s D`skl kl `em mkcutam mkcutam eat kelbia kelbia par sf`ra obr tfa ya`r aem aemam am Malaidar <0, 4::? w`s $:.0? `em $:.01 cbwar, raspaltkvacy, tf`e ko tfa Lbip`ey f`m lbetkeuam tb `llbuet obr stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe uemar @ZD 41.

(=)

Bur eat kelbia obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelcumas ` ebe-l`sf n`ke bo $=:0 ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, rac`tam tb @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s kektk`c pudckl booarken (–KZB’) bo @ckd`d`.lbi Ckiktam, tfa duskeass tb duskeass a-lbiiarla sudskmk`ry bo @ckd`d` Nrbup (–@ckd`d`.lbi’), `em ` ebe-l`sf cbss bo $<: ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, rac` ra c`ta tam m tb tf tfaa ki kip` p`kr kria iaet et bo bu burr mk mkra ralt lt ke keva vast stia iaet et ke @c @ckd kd`d `d`. `.lb lbi. i. Ke `m `mmk mktk tkbe be,, ke tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Malaidar <0, 4::6, wa ralbrmam ` nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna bo $=66 ikcckbe rac`tam tb bur Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt `em eat rastrulturken lf`rnas bo $0:> ikcckbe burikcckbe. str`tanklKewbrhobrla `em lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas, `em ` t`x daeaokt obr tfasa twb rac`tam ktais botb$=4 `nnran`ta,ra`ckneiaet tfasa ktais f`m ` eat kip`lt bo $064 ikcckbe be eat kelbia, br $:.0< par dbtf d`skl `em mkcutam sf`ra. sf`ra.

46

 

Lbesbckm`tam D`c`ela \faats M`t`7 Malaidar <0, 4::=

4::1

4::?

4::>(0)

4::6(4)

(Ke tfbus`ems)

L`sf `em L`sf `em l`sf l`sf aquk aqukv`c v`caet aetss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 64< 64<,>4 ,>4< < $ 0,= 0,=4;, 4;,?;< ?;< $ 0,1 0,1?;, ?;,6>0 6>0 $ 0,10<, 0,10<,;<: ;<: $ 4,4 4,4;4, ;4,4;? 4;? I`rhat I`r hat`dc `dcaa madt madt salu salurkt rktkas kas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4, $4,;06 ;06,1< ,1<; ; $ 4,1 4,1>:, >:,011 011 $ 0,;?>, 0,;?>,=0= =0= $ 6=; 6=;,1= ,1=4 4 $ 0,4 0,44;, 4;,?>> ?>> ^brhke ^br hken n l`pkt l`pkt`c `c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4, $4,;:; ;:;,>? ,>?6 6 $ 4,4 4,4=1, =1,=60 =60 $ 4,4 4,4>?, >?,0=6 0=6 $ ;<> ;<>,4> ,4>= = $ <,: <,:=:, =:,=6< =6< ]bt`c `ssats `ssats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $;,0>6,4:0 $;,0>6,4:0 $0:,6< $0:,6<0,6<= 0,6<= $00,10<,?:6 $00,10<,?:6 $04,44 $04,44;,>=0 ;,>=0 $0<,?6;,6=6 $0<,?6;,6=6 Cben Cb en-t -tar ari i ck ck`d `dkc kckt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 61 610, 0,>6 >64 4 $ 0, 0,:? :?0, 0,<? <?> > $ 6> 6>:, :,;= ;=6 6 $ <6 <6=, =,4: 4:6 6 $ >0 >01, 1,6> 6>4 4 ]bt`c stblh stblhfbcmar fbcmars‛ s‛ aqukty aqukty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $>,0: $>,0:0,==? 0,==? $ 6,1??, 6,1??,=01 =01 $ ;,0?:, ;,0?:,?0: ?0: $ ;,1<4, ;,1<4,6<0 6<0 $00,41 $00,41:,;=4 :,;=4 (0)

@s bo Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4::>, bur $>1 $>1: : ikc ikcckb ckbe e bo but butst` st`emk emken en zar zarb b lbu lbupbe pbe saekbr saekbr lbe lbevar vartkd tkdca ca ebt ebtas as war waraa lc`sskokam `s sfbrt-tari madt `em `ra raocaltam ke wbrhken l`pkt`c. ]fa zarb lbupbe saekbr lbevartkdca ebtas wara lc`sskokam `s cben-tari madt `s bo tfa aem bo a`lf bo tfa btfar pravkbus oksl`c ya`rs prasaetam. Taoar tb Ebta ;”–Madt’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets.

(4)

Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, bur $>1: ikcckbe bo butst`emken zarb lbupbe saekbr lbevartkdca ebtas wara lbevartam ketb <?.? ikcckbe sf`ras bo [`fbb! lbiibe stblh. Taoar tb Ebta ;”–Madt’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, wa ralakvam ` $<1: ikcckbe, bea-tkia p`yiaet orbi @]&] Kel., wfklf w`s ralbrmam ke cben-tari maoarram ravaeuas.

Ktai >.   I`e`naiaet‛s Mkslusskbe `em @e`cysks bo Oke`elk`c Lbemktkbe Lbemktkbe `em Tasucts Tasucts bo Bpar`tkbes Bpar`tkbes Obrw`rm-Cbbhken \t`taiaets  Ke `mmktkbe tb lurraet `em fkstbrkl`c keobri`tkbe, tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H lbet`kes obrw`rm-cbbhken st`taiaets st`tai aets wktfke tfa ia`eke ia`eken n bo tfa Zrkv`ta \alurktkas \alurktkas Cktkn`tkbe Taobri @lt bo 0;;1. ]fasa st`taiaets st`taiaets rac`ta tb bur outur outuraa bpar`t bpar`tkbes, kbes, prbspalts, prbspalts, pbtaet pbtaetk`c k`c prbmul prbmults, ts, sarvk sarvklas, las, mavacbpiaets, mavacbpiaets, `em duske duskeass ass str`t str`tankas ankas.. ]fasa st`taiaets l`e, ke sbia l`sas, da kmaetkokam dy tfa usa bo taris sulf `s –i`y,’ –wkcc,’ –sfbucm,’ –lbucm,’ –wbucm,’ –ketaem,’ –axpalt,’ –pc`e,’ –`etklkp`ta,’ –dackava,’ –astki`ta,’ –pramklt,’ –prbgalt,’ –pbtaetk`c,’ br –lbetkeua,’ tfa ean`tkva bo sulf taris, br btfar lbip`r`dca tarikebcbny. ]fks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H  kelcumas, `iben btfars, obrw`rm-cbbhken st`taiaets ran`rmken bur7

• axpalt`tkbes `dbut ravaeuas, ravaeuas, kelcumken ravaeuas obr i`rhatken sarvklas `em oaas8 • axpal axpalt`tkbe t`tkbess `dbut nrbwtf nrbwtf ke usars8 usars8 • axpal axpalt`tkbe t`tkbess `dbut lbst bo ravaeuas `em bpar`tken bpar`tken axpaesas8 axpaesas8 • axpal axpalt`tkbe t`tkbess `dbut tfa `ibuet bo ueralbnekz ueralbnekzam am t`x daeaokts8 daeaokts8 • axpal axpalt`tkbe t`tkbess `dbut bur be-nbken str`tankl str`tankl `em lbst ramultkbe ramultkbe kektk`tkvas8 kektk`tkvas8 • `etklk `etklkp`tam p`tam l`pkt`c l`pkt`c axpaemkt axpaemkturas8 uras8 • kip`lt bo `lquksktkbes `lquksktkbes be bur duskeass duskeass `em av`cu av`cu`tkbe `tkbe bo, `em axpalt`tkbes axpalt`tkbes obr, pbsskdca `lquksktkbes `lquksktkbes bo, br kevastiaets ke, duskeassas, prbmults, `em talfebcbnkas8 `em • axpalt`tkbe axpalt`tkbess `dbut pbsktkva pbsktkva l`sf ocbw naear`tkbe naear`tkbe `em axkstken l`sf, l`sf aqukv`caets, aqukv`caets, `em kevastiaets kevastiaets daken suooklkaet tb iaat ebri`c bpar`tken raqukraiaets. ]fasa st`taiaets kevbcva lart`ke hebwe `em uehebwe rkshs `em uelart`ketkas tf`t lbucm l`usa bur `ltu`c rasucts tb mko mkooar oar i`t i`tark ark`cc `ccyy orb orbi i tfb tfbsa sa axp axpras rassam sam br kip kipcka ckam m ke bur obr obrw`r w`rm-cb m-cbbhk bhken en st` st`tai taiaet aets. s. \ul \ulf f rks rkshs hs `em  uelart`ketkas kelcuma, `iben btfars, tfbsa ckstam ke Z`rt 0, Ktai 0@. –Tksh O`ltbrs’ bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H. ^a mb ebt ketaem, `em uemart`ha eb bdckn`tkbe, tb upm`ta `ey bo bur obrw`rm-cbbhken st`taiaets `otar tfa m`ta bo tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H tb raocalt `ltu`c rasucts br outura avaets br lkrluist`elas.

4;

 

Bvarvkaw [`fbb! Kel., tbnatfar wktf kts lbesbckm`tam sudskmk`rkas (–[`fbb!,’ tfa –Lbip`ey,’ –bur,’ –wa,’ br –us’), ks ` ca`mken ncbd`c Ketareat dr`em `em bea bo tfa ibst tr`ooklham Ketareat mastke`tkbes wbrcmwkma. ^a `ra oblusam be pbwark pbw arken en bur lbi lbiiue iuektk ktkas as bo usa usars, rs, `mv `mvart artksa ksars, rs, pud pudcks cksfar fars, s, `em mav mavacb acbpar parss dy lra lra`tk `tken en kemk kemkspa spaes` es`dca dca axpark axp arkael aelas as duk dukct ct be tru trust. st. ]bn ]bnatf atfar ar wktf bur bwe bweam am `em bpa bpar`ta r`tam m bec beckea kea prb prbpar partka tkass `em sar sarvkl vklas as (–[ (–[`fb `fbb! b! Zrbpartkas’ br –Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas’), wa `csb prbvkma bur `mvartksken booarkens `em `llass tb Ketareat usars daybem [`fbb! tfrbunf bur mkstrkdutkbe eatwbrh bo tfkrm-p`rty aetktkas (–@ookck`tas’), wfb f`va ketanr`tam bur `mvartksken booarkens ketb tfakrsarvklas ^adsktas, tb `s`lrbss @ookck`ta sktas, brbotfakr btfarZrbpartkas booarkens. `em ^a @ookck`ta naear`ta ravaeuas dy prbvkmken i`rhatken tb raoarram `mvartksars ` i`gbrkty [`fbb! sktas. @mmktkbe`ccy, `ctfbunf i`ey bo tfa sarvklas wa prbvkma tb bur usars `ra oraa, wa mb lf`rna oaas obr ` r`ena bo praikui sarvklas. ^a prbvkma ` r`ena bo i`rhatken sarvklas tf`t i`ha kt a`skar `em ibra aooaltkva obr `mvartksars `em i`rhatars tb ra`lf `em lbeealt wktf usars wfb vkskt [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em bur @ookck`ta sktas. ^a dackava tf`t bur i`rhatken sarvklas ae`dca `mvartksars tb mackvar fknfcy racav`et i`rhatken iass`nas tb tfakr t`rnat `umkaelas. Bur booarkens tb usars be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas lurraetcy o`cc ketb skx l`tanbrkas7 Orbet Mbbrs, Lbiiuektkas, \a`rlf, Lbiiuekl`tkbes, @umkaela, `em Lbeealtam Ckoa. \aa Z`rt K, Ktai 0. –Duskeass’”–Qsar Booarkens’ obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. ]fa i`gbrkty bo bur booarkens `ra `v`kc`dca ke ibra tf`e <: c`enu`nas. ^a i`e`na `em ia`sura bur duskeass nabnr`pfkl`ccy. Bur prkelkp`c nabnr`pfkas `ra tfa Qektam \t`tas (–Q.\.’) `em Ketare`tkbe`c.

Tavaeua \burlas  I`rhatken \arvklas Tavaeuas.  Bur beckea `mvartksken booarkens kelcuma tfa mkspc`y bo nr`pfkl`c `mvartksaiaets

(–mkspc`y `mvart (–mkspc`y `mvartksken’ ksken’), ), tfa mkspc mkspc`y `y bo taxt-d taxt-d`sam `sam ckehs tb `e `mvar `mvartksar‛ tksar‛ss ^ads ^adskta kta (–sa` (–sa`rlf rlf `mvar `mvartksken tksken’), ’), ckstke ckstkennd`sam sarvklas, `em lbiiarla-d`sam tr`es`ltkbes. ^a ralbnekza ravaeuas orbi mkspc`y `mvartksken be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em be @ookck`ta sktas `s –kiprasskbes’ `ra mack ma ckva vara ram m br wf wfae ae qu qu`c `cko koyk yken en `l `ltk tkbe bess `r `raa pa paro robri briam am dy tf tfaa us usar ar.. @e –k –kip ipra rass sskb kbe’ e’ ks ma mack ckva vara ram m wf wfae ae `e `mvart `mv artksa ksaiae iaett `pp `ppa`r a`rss be ` p`n p`naa vka vkawam wam dy usa usars. rs. ^a `cs `csb b ral ralbne bnekza kza rav ravaeu aeuas as orbi sa`rlf sa`rlf `mv `mvart artksk ksken en be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em be @ookck`ta sktas. ^a ralbnekza ravaeuas orbi tfasa `rr`enaiaets `s –lcklh-tfrbunfs’ bllur. @ –lcklh-tfrbunf’ bllurs wfae ` usar lcklhs be `e `mvartksar‛s ckstken. I`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas `csb kelcumas ckstkens `em tr`es`ltkbe ravaeuas. Ckstkens ravaeuas `ra naear`tam orbi ` v`rkaty bo lbesuiar `em duskeass ckstkens-d`sam sarvklas, kelcumken `llass tb tfa [`fbb! FbtGbds m`t`d`sa `em lc`sskokam lc`ss kokam `mvartksken `mvartksken sulf `s [`fbb! @utbs, [`fbb! Ta`c Ast`t Ast`ta, a, `em btfar sarvklas. sarvklas. ^a ralbnekza ckstkens ravaeuas wfae tfa sarvkl ravaeuas sarvklas as `ra parobri parobriam. am. ]r`es ]r`es`ltkbe `ltkbe ravaeuas `ra naear naear`tam `tam orbi o`lkck o`lkckt`tken t`tken lbiiarlk`c lbiiarlk`c tr`es`ltkbes tfrbunf [`fbb! Zrbpartkas, prkelkp`ccy orbi [`fbb! ]r`vac `em [`fbb! \fbppken. ^a ralbnekza tr`es` tr` es`ltk ltkbe be rav ravaeu aeuas as wfa wfae e tfa tfara ra ks avk avkmae maela la tf` tf`tt qu` qu`cko ckoyke yken n tr`e tr`es`l s`ltkb tkbes es f`v f`vaa bll bllurra urram. m. Obr ax` ax`ipc ipca, a, wa ralbnekza ravaeuas wfae tr`vac `rr`enaiaets `ra dbbham tfrbunf [`fbb! ]r`vac. Oaas Tavaeuas.  Oaas ravaeuas lbesksts bo ravaeuas naear`tam orbi ` v`rkaty bo lbesuiar `em duskeass oaa-d`sam

sarvklas, kelcumken Ketareat drb`md`em sarvklas, rby`ctkas ralakvam orbi gbket vaetura p`rtears, praikui i`kc, iuskl `em parsbe`cs booarkens, `s wacc `s sarvklas obr si`cc duskeassas. ^a ralbnekza oaas ravaeuas wfae tfa sarvklas `ra parobriam.

<:

 

Fknf cknfts  4::6 Fknfcknfts [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, Bpar`tken Fknfcknfts

4::>

4::6

4::>-4::6 Lf`ena

(Ke tfbus`ems)

Tavaeu Tava euas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ?,;?;, ?,;?;,4> 4>= = Kelb Ke lbia ia or orbi bi bp bpar ar`t `tkb kbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ?; ?;1, 1,=0 =0< <

$ >,4:6, >,4:6,1: 1:4 4 $ 4< 4<;, ;,44 446 6 $ 04,; 04 ,;?< ?< $ (?64 (?64,= ,=1: 1:))

[a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> 4 ::6 4:

L`sf Ocbw Fknfcknfts

4::>-4::6 Lf`ena

(Ke tfbus`ems)

Eat l`s l`sf f prbv prbvkma kmam m dy dy bpar bpar`tk `tken en `ltk `ltkvktk vktkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat l`sf l`sf usa usam m ke kevas kevastke tken n `ltkvk `ltkvktka tkass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat l`s l`sf f (usam (usam ke) prb prbvkm vkmam am dy dy oke`e oke`elke lken n `ltkv `ltkvktk ktkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 0,;06,6 0,;06,6;; ;; $ 0,66:,4 0,66:,4=0 =0 $ (<6, (<6,?16 ?16)) $ (1> (1>4,1 4,1:4) :4) $(0 $(0,<0 ,<00,> 0,>6<) 6<) $ (><;,46 (><;,460) 0) $(0,== $(0 ,==4,: 4,::6) :6) $ <<4 <<4,=: ,=:? ? $0, $0,>>= >>=,=0 ,=0= =

Bur ravaeuas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelra`sam < parlaet ya`r-bvar-ya`r tb `pprbxki`tacy $>.4 dkcckbe, wktf Z`na _kaws, wfklf ks maokeam `s bur ketare`c astki`ta bo tfa tbt`c euidar bo ^ad p`nas vkawam dy usars be Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas, up 0; parlaet ya`r-bvar-ya`r. ]fa nrbwtf l`e da `ttrkdutam tb `e kelra`sken euidar eui dar `em `lt `ltkvkt kvkty y cav cavac ac bo usa usars rs `lr `lrbss bss bur boo booark arkens ens be [`f [`fbb! bb! Zrbp Zrbpart artkas kas.. I`r I`rhat hatken ken sar sarvkl vklas as `em oaa oaass ravaeuas axparkaelam = parlaet `em 0 parlaet ya`r-bvar-ya`r nrbwtf, raspaltkvacy. ^a dan`e tb oaac tfa kip`lt bo tfa ncbd`c albebikl ralasskbe ke tfa tfkrm qu`rtar bo 4::6. ]fa lurraet naear`c albebikl lbemktkbes f`va l`usam sbia `mvartksars tb spaem cass be beckea `mvartksken wfklf lbucm ean`tkvacy `ooalt tfa nrbwtf r`ta bo bur ravaeuas. L`sf naear`tam orbi bur bpar`tkbes ks ` ia`sura bo tfa l`sf prbmultkvkty bo bur duskeass ibmac. Bur bpar`tken `ltkvktkas ke 4::6 naear`tam `maqu`ta l`sf tb iaat bur bpar`tken eaams. L`sf usam ke kevastken `ltkvktkas ke 4::6 kelcum kel cumam am l`p l`pkt` kt`cc axp axpaem aemktu kturas ras bo $?> $?>1 1 ikc ikcckb ckbe, e, l`s l`sf f lbe lbeskm skmar` ar`tkbe tkbe obr `lq `lquks uksktk ktkbes bes bo $4: $4:; ; ikc ikcckb ckbe, e, `em eat purlf`sas bo i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas bo $<?6 ikcckbe. L`sf usam ke oke`elken `ltkvktkas ke 4::6 raocaltam bur eat l`sf usam obr mkralt stblh rapurlf`sas bo $>; ikcckbe `s wacc `s $>> ikcckbe usam obr t`x wktffbcmkens rac`tam tb eat sf`ra sattcaiaets bo rastrkltam stblh `w`rms `em rastrkltam stblh uekts, wfklf wara boosat dy l`sf prblaams orbi tfa kssu`ela bo lbiibe stblh bo $<?< ikcckbe `s ` rasuct bo tfa axarlksa bo aipcbyaa stblh bptkbes.

\uii`ry ^a dackava tfa sa`rlfas, Z`na _kaws, lcklh-tfrbunfs, `em tfa rac`tam i`rhatken sarvklas `em oaas ravaeuas tf`t wa naear`ta lbrrac`ta tb tfa euidar `em `ltkvkty cavac bo usars `lrbss bur booarkens be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em tfa `ltkvk `lt kvkty ty cav cavac ac be bur @ookck`ta @ookck`ta sktas. sktas. Dy prbvkmken prbvkmken ` pc` pc`tob tobri ri obr bur usa usars rs tf` tf`tt drke drkens ns tbn tbnatf atfar ar bur sa`rlf sa`rlf talfebcbny, lbetaet, `em lbiiuekty wfkca `ccbwken obr parsbe`ckz`tkbe `em ketanr`tkbe `lrbss mavklas, wa saah  tb dalbia ibra assaetk`c tb, kelra`sa bur sf`ra bo, `em maapae tfa aen`naiaet bo, bur usars wktf bur prbmults `em sarvklas. ^a dackava tfks maapar aen`naiaet bo eaw `em axkstken usars lbupcam wktf tfa nrbwtf bo tfa Ketareat `s `e `mvartksken iamkui i`y ae`dca us tb kelra`sa bur ravaeuas ke tfa outura. Ke 4::6, wa ralbrmam ` $<1: ikcckbe bea-tkia p`yiaet orbi @]&] Kel. ke cben-tari maoarram ravaeuas, ` pbrtkbe bo wfklf w`s ralbnekzam `s ravaeuas murken tfa ya`r, `em ` ebe-l`sf n`ke bo $=:0 ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, wktfke a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts raprasaetken bur sf`ra bo @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s n`ke be tfa KZB bo @ckd`d`.lbi. ^a `csb ralbrmam ` nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna bo $=66 ikcckbe rac`tam tb bur Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt. Murken 4::6, wa kipcaiaetam ` str`tankl wbrhobrla ra`ckneiaet ke tfa okrst qu`rtar `em kektk`tam ` euidar bo  lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar, kelcumken ` wbrhobrla ramultkbe `em lbesbckm`tkbe bo bur ra`c ast`ta o`lkcktkas. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfasa kektk`tkvas wa kelurram savar`ela, o`lkckty `em btfar rastrulturken lbsts bo $0<> ikcckbe, boosat dy $<: ikcckbe ke rac`tam stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa ravars`cs obr uevastam `w`rms wfklf wara obroaktam, rasuctken ke ` eat rastrulturken lf`rna bo $0:> ikcckbe ke 4::6. <0

 

]fa bdgaltkva bo tfa lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas kipcaiaetam ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6 w`s tb ramula bur lurraet `eeu`ckzam lbst rue r`ta dy ibra tf`e $=:: ikcckbe tb aef`ela prbokt`dkckty ke tfa lurraet albebikl aevkrbeiaet. ^a wkcc lbetkeua tb aipf`skza prbmultkvkty kiprbvaiaet kektk`tkvas tf`t i`y rasuct ke `mmktkbe`c rastrulturkens. Obr ourtfar mat`kcs ran`rmken tfasa rastrulturken kektk`tkvas `em rac`tam lbsts `em lf`rnas, raoar tb bur mkslu mkslusskbe sskbe uemar   Lbsts Lbsts `em Axpae Axpaesas sas   `em Ebt Ebtaa 0?” 0?”–Ta –Tastr strult ulturke urken n Lf` Lf`rna rnas, s, Eat Eat’’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. Ke tfa obccbwken I`e`naiaet‛s Mkslusskbe `em @e`cysks, wa mksluss tfa obccbwken `ra`s bo bur oke`elk`c rasucts7 • Tasuc Tasucts ts bo bo Bpar`tkb Bpar`tkbes8 es8 • Duskea Duskeass ss \aniaet \aniaet Tasucts Tasucts88 • ]r`es ]r`es`ltkbe `ltkbes8 s8 • Ckqukm Ckqukmkty kty `em L`pkt`c L`pkt`c Tasburla Tasburlas8 s8 • Lrktkl Lrktkl`c `c @llbuetken @llbuetken Zbcklkas Zbcklkas `em Astki`tas8 Astki`tas8 `em • Talae Talaett @llbuetken @llbuetken Zrbebuelai Zrbebuelaiaets. aets.

Tasucts bo Bpar`tkbes ]fa obccbwken t`dca sats obrtf sacaltam keobri`tkbe be bur rasucts bo bpar`tkbes `s ` parlaet`na bo ravaeuas obr tfa parkbms kemkl`tam7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::? 4::> 4::6

Tavaeu Tava euas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbst bo ravaeuas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0::% 0::% =4

0::% 0::% =0

0::% 0::% =4

Nrbss prb rbookt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

1;

16

Bpar`tken axpaesas7 \`cas `em i`rhatken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrb rbm mult mavacbpiaet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Naear`c `em `mikekstr`tkva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ibrtkz`tkbe bo ket`enkdcas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tastrulturken lf`rnas, eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4: 0< 6 4 : :

4< 01 ; 4 : :

44 0> 0: 0 0 >

]bt`c bpar`tken axpaesas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

=<

=;

16

Kelbia orbi bpar`tkbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfar kelbia, eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

01 4

0: 4

: 0

Kelbia daobra kelbia t`xas, a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts, `em ikebrkty ketarasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrb Zr bvkskb kbe e obr kelbia t`xas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ikebrkty ketarasts ke bpar`tkbes bo lbesbckm`tam sudskmk`rkas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0> (>) 4 :

04 (1) 4 :

0 (<) 6 :

Eat kelbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

<4

04%

;%

?%

 

 Tavaeuas. Tavaeuas dy nrbups bo skikc`r sarvklas wara `s obccbws (mbcc`rs ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

I`rhatken sarvklas7 Bwea Bw eam m `e `em m Bp Bpar ar`t `taam skt ktas as . . @ook okcck`ta sktas . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$<,:>= $<,: >=,6 ,6:< :< 4,114,=:=

I Oa`arsha. t.ke .n . .s.a.rv. k.l.a.s . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1,? >4 ;> 6,,4 =: >> 4

]bt` ]b t`cc ra rava vaeu euas as . . . . . . . .

(*)

4::>

(*)

4::6

(*)

4::?-4::> % Lf`ena

4::>-4::6 % Lf`ena

=6% $< =6% $<,? ,??; ?;,6 ,60? 0? =:% 4,=06,=4<

14% $= 14% $=,: ,:=1 =1,; ,;;? ;? <1% 4,4>:,40:

1?% 1?% <4%

0;% 0;% (1)%

0:% 0:% (?)%

6 06 4% %

6 0> <% %

6 06 4% %

06 :% %

= 0% %

$?,= $? ,=41 41,? ,?>; >; 0: 0::% :% $? $?,; ,;?; ?;,4 ,4>= >= 0: 0::% :% $> $>,4 ,4:6 :6,1 ,1:4 :4 0: 0::% :%

6%

<%

?,: 66 66 0,,4 :< <; 1

?,< 60 ;? 4,,4 4: ;? ?

(*) Zarlae Zarlaett bo tbt`c ravaeuas. ravaeuas. ^a lurraetcy naear`ta i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas prkelkp`ccy orbi mkspc`y `mvartksken be Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas `em orbi sa`rlf `mvartksken. –\a`rlfas’ ks maokeam `s beckea sa`rlf quarkas tf`t i`y ykacm Ketareat sa`rlf rasucts r`eham `em sbrtam d`sam be racav`ela tb tfa usar‛s sa`rlf quary. –\pbesbram sa`rlf rasucts’ `ra ` sudsat bo tfa bvar`cc sa`rlf rasucts, `em prbvkma ckehs tb p`yken `mvartksars‛ ^ad p`nas. ^a `csb ralakva ravaeuas obr Lbetaet I`tlf ckehs (`mvartksken be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em @ookck`ta sktas wfklf kelcumas kelcu mas lbetaxtu`ccy lbetaxtu`ccy racav`et `mvartksar `mvartksar ckehs tb tfakr raspaltkva raspaltkva ^adsktas) ^adsktas) be Bwea Bweam m `em Bpar`tam `em @ookck`ta sktas `em mkspc`y `mvartksken be @ookck`ta sktas. ]fa eat ravaeuas `em rac`tam vbcuia iatrkls orbi tfasa `mmktkbe`c sburlas ebtbelurraetcy i`tark`c `em sktas `ra axlcumam orbi tfa mkslusskbe `em bo  `var`na ravaeua par Z`na `ra _kaw Bweam `em Bpar`tam `em `var`na ravaeua par sa`rlf be l`cluc`tkbe @ookck`ta sktas tf`t obccbws.  I`rhatken \arvklas Tavaeuas orbi Bweam `em Bpar`tam \ktas.  I`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi Bweam `em

Bpar`tam sktas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelra` Bpar`tam kelra`sam sam dy `pprbx `pprbxki`tac ki`tacy y $<>? ikcckbe, br 0: parlae parlaet, t, `s lbip`ram lbip`r am tb 4::>. O`ltbrs ca`mken ca`mken tb nrbwtf ke bvar`c bvar`ccc i`rhat i`rhatken ken sarvklas ravaeuas kelcumam kelcumam `e kelra` kelra`sa sa ke usar `ltkvkty cavacs be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas, wfklf lbetrkdutam tb ` fknfar vbcuia bo sa`rlf quarkas, Z`na _kaws, `em `m kiprasskbe mkspc`ys. ]fa tr`esktkbe bo `em lf`enas ke lart`ke bo bur drb`md`em `llass p`rtearsfkps orbi daken oaa-p`yken oaa-p` yken usar d`sam tb `e `mvartksken `mvartksken ravaeu ravaeuaa sf`rk sf`rken en ibmac f`va `csb lbetrkdutam lbetrkdutam tb tfa kelra` kelra`sa sa ke i`rhat i`rhatken ken sarvklas sarvkl as ravaeuas orbi Bweam `em Bpar` Bpar`tam tam sktas. I`rha I`rhatken tken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> kelra`sam dy `pprbxki`tacy $1;1 ikcckbe, br 0; parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fa ya`r-bvar-ya`r nrbwtf ke i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas ke 4::> l`e da `ttrkdutam tb ` lbidke`tkbe bo  o`ltbrs tf`t f`va mrkvae kelra`sam i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas `lrbss [`fbb! Zrbpartkas dbtf mbiastkl`ccy `em ketare`tkbe`ccy. ]fasa kelcumam `e kelra`sa ke bur usar d`sa `em `ltkvkty cavacs be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas, wfklf rasuctam ke ` fknfar vbcuia bo sa`rlf quarkas, `m kiprasskbe mkspc`ys, `em lcklh-tfrbunfs. ]fa prki`ry lbipbeaets bo nrbwtf ke bur i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas `ra sa`rlf `em mkspc`y `mvartksken. Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, ravaeuas orbi sa`rlf `mvartksken be Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas nraw 0> parlaet, lbip`ram tb 4::>. Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, ravaeuas orbi mkspc`y `mvartksken be Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas nraw > parlaet, lbip`ram tb 4::>. ^a parkbmkl`ccy parkbmkl`ccy ravkaw `em raokea bur iatfbmbcbny iatfbmbcbny obr ibektbrken, n`tfarken, n`tfarken, `em lbuetk lbuetken en Z`na _kaws tb ibra `llur`tacy raocalt tfa tbt`c euidar bo ^ad p`nas vkawam dy usars be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas. D`sam be tfks prblass, orbi tkia tb tkia wa upm`ta bur iatfbmbcbny tb axlcuma orbi tfa lbuet bo Z`na _kaws ketar`ltkbes wktf bur sarvars tf`t wa matarikea br dackava `ra ebt tfa rasuct bo usar vkskts tb bur Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas. Qsken bur upm`tam iatfbmbcbny, obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 `s lbip`ram tb 4::>, Z`na _kaws kelra`sam 0; parlaet `em ravaeua par Z`na _kaw malra`sam > parlaet, `em obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> `s lbip`ram tb 4::?, Z`na _kaws kelra`sam 04 parlaet `em ravaeua par Z`na _kaw kelra`sam ? parlaet. ]fa <<

 

mal malra` ra`sa sa ke ravaeua ravaeua par Z`na _kaw ke 4:: 4::6 6 lbi lbip`r p`ram am tb 4:: 4::> > ks mua tb ` sfk sfkot ot tb cbw cbwarar-yka ykacmk cmken en mks mkspc` pc`y y `mvartksken. ]fa kelra`sa ke ravaeua par Z`na _kaw ke 4::> lbip`ram tb 4::? w`s mua tb tfa ketrbmultkbe bo eaw kevaetbry wktf fknfar ykacms. Ke tfa t`dca dacbw, wa sat obrtf tfa qu`rtarcy `em ya`r-bvar-ya`r nrbwtf ke Z`na _kaws `em ravaeua par Z`na _kaw obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em tfa ya`r-bvar-ya`r nrbwtf ke Z`na _kaws `em ravaeua par Z`na _kaw obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, dbtf `s pravkbuscy rapbrtam `em `s ravksam tb raocalt bur upm`tam iatfbmbcbny. P0 4::6 < ib ibet etfs fs

Zravkbuscy Tapbrtam Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf . . . . . . . . Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zravkbuscy Tapbrtam Tavaeua Zar Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tavaeua Zar Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

P4 4::6 < ib ibet etfs fs

? ib ibet etfs fs

< ib ibet etfs fs

O[ 4::6

; ib ibet etfs fs

04 ib ibet etfs fs

0;% 4:%

4<% 4<%

40% 44%

0>% 0>%

4:% 4:%

E/@ 0;%

(0)% (0)%

(>)% (>)%

(=)% (=)%

(>)% (>)%

(1)% (1)%

E/@ (>)%

P0 4::> < ib ibet etfs fs

Zravkbuscy Tapbrtam Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf (4) . . . . . . . Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zravkbuscy Tapbrtam Tavaeua Zar Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tavaeua Zar Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

P< 4::6

P4 4::> < ib ibet etfs fs

P< 4::>

? ib ibet etfs fs

< ib ibet etfs fs

O[ 4::>

; ib ibet etfs fs

04 ib ibet etfs fs

0<%(<) 0=%

6% ;%

0:% 00%

0<% 0=%

00% 04%

00% 04%

:%(<) (0)%

;% 6%

1% =%

0:% 6%

?% 1%

>% ?%

(0)

]fa ra ]fa ravk vksa sam m Z` Z`na na _k _kaw aw Nrb Nrbwt wtf f `e `em m Ta Tava vaeu euaa Za Zarr Z` Z`na na _k _kaw aw Nr Nrbw bwtf tf eu euid idar arss ra raoc ocal altt bu burr up upm` m`ta tam m iatfbmbcbny obr lbuetken Z`na _kaws.

(4)

Zravkbuscy mkslcbsam ke tfa 4::> @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H.

(<)

Obr tfa tfraa ibetf parkbm aemam I`rlf <0, 4::>, tfa rapbrtam Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf `em Tavaeua Zar Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf wara d`sam be Z`na _kaws be bur Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas, sa`rlfas be @ookck`ta sktas `em `ssblk`tam ravaeuas be dbtf Bweam `em Bpar`tam `em @ookck`ta sktas. Dankeeken ke tfa salbem qu`rtar bo  4::>, wa ravksam bur prasaet`tkbe bo Z`na _kaws `em Tavaeua Zar Z`na _kaw tb kelcuma becy Z`na _kaws be Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas `em ravaeuas orbi sulf Z`na _kaws, `em tb axlcuma sa`rlfas be @ookck`ta sktas `em ravaeuas orbi sulf sa`rlfas. Ko tfa pravkbuscy rapbrtam Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf `em Tavaeua Zar Z`na _kaw Nrbwtf obr tfa tfraa ibetf parkbm aemam I`rlf <0, 4::> wara `mgustam tb raocalt tfa prasaet`tkbe `mbptam ke tfa sal salbem bem qu` qu`rta rtarr bo 4:: 4::> > (du (dutt ebt bur upm upm`ta `tam m iat iatfbm fbmbcb bcbny ny obr lbu lbuetk etken en Z`n Z`naa _ka _kaws) ws),, tfa rapbrtam rapbrtam parlaet`nas wbucm f`va daae 40 parlaet `em ean`tkva ? parlaet, raspaltkvacy, obr tfa tfraa ibetf parkbm aemam I`rlf <0, 4::>.

^a lurraetcy axpalt i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas be bur Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas tb malra`sa obr tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::; lbip`ram tb tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::6 mua prki`rkcy tb ncbd`c albebikl lbemktkbes. Naear`c albebikl lbemktkbes f`va l`usam sbia `mvartksars tb spaem cass be beckea `mvartksken wfklf lbucm ean`tkvacy `ooalt `ooa lt tfa nrbwtf r`t r`taa bo bur rav ravaeu aeuas, as, p`rtkluc` p`rtkluc`rcy rcy bur mks mkspc` pc`y y rav ravaeu aeuas as `s `mv `mvart artksa ksars rs spa spaem em cas casss be dr` dr`em em `mvartksken. Ke `mmktkbe, straentfaeken bo tfa Q.\. Mbcc`r `n`kest btfar lurraelkas lbucm f`va ` ourtfar ean`tkva kip`lt be bur ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas.  I`rhatken \arvklas Tavaeuas orbi @ookck`ta \ktas.  I`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi @ookck`ta sktas obr tfa ya`r

aemam Mal aemam Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::6 6 mal malra` ra`sam sam $0= $0=6 6 ikc ikcckb ckbe, e, br ? par parlae laet, t, `s lbi lbip`r p`ram am tb 4:: 4::>. >. I`r I`rhat hatken ken sar sarvkl vklas as ravaeuas orbi @ookck`ta sktas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> malra`sam $0<= ikcckbe, br 1 parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. Murken tfa tfkrm qu`rtar bo 4::>, wa sbcm Bvartura G`p`e tb [`fbb! G`p`e. @s p`rt bo tfks tr`es`ltkbe, wa `csb aetaram ketb ` lbiiarlk`c `rr`enaiaet wktf [`fbb! G`p`e ke wfklf wa prbvkma sa`rlf i`rhatken sarvklas tb <=

 

[`fbb! G`p`e obr ` sarvkla oaa. ]fks `rr`enaiaet dan`e be \aptaidar 0, 4::> `em, dankeeken be tf`t m`ta, wa lbiiaelam ralbrmken i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi [`fbb! G`p`e obr tfa prbvkskbe bo sa`rlf i`rhatken sarvklas d`sam be ` parlaet`na bo `mvartksken ravaeuas a`ream dy [`fbb! G`p`e obr tfa mackvary bo spbesbram sa`rlf rasucts. ]fa s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e tb [`fbb! G`p`e ean`tkvacy kip`ltam @ookck`ta ravaeuas murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 dy `pprbxki`tacy $<:: ikcckbe, ya`r-bvar-ya`r. ^a lbetkeua tb aipcby eatwbrh qu`ckty kektk`tkvas tb kiprbva rature be kevastiaet obr bur `mvartksars. ^a axpalt ` lbetkeuken malckea ke i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi @ookck`ta sktas obr tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::; lbip`ram tb tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::6 mua prki`rkcy tb tfasa eatwbrh qu`ckty kektk`tkvas `em ncbd`c albebikl lbemkt lbe mktkbe kbes. s. ]fa lur lurrae raett nae naear` ar`cc alb albebi ebikl kl lbe lbemkt mktkbe kbess f`v f`vaa l`u l`usam sam sbi sbiaa `mv `mvart artksa ksars rs tb spa spaem em cas casss be bec beckea kea `mvartksken, wfklf lbucm ean`tkvacy `ooalt tfa nrbwtf r`ta bo bur ravaeuas, p`rtkluc`rcy bur mkspc`y ravaeuas `s `mvartksars spaem cass be dr`em `mvartksken. Ke `mmktkbe, straentfaeken bo tfa Q.\. Mbcc`r `n`kest btfar lurraelkas lbucm f`va ` ourtfar ean`tkva kip`lt be bur ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas. ]fa eu ]fa euid idar ar bo sa sa`r `rlf lfas as be @o @ook okck ck`t `taa sk skta tass ke kelr lra` a`sa sam m dy `p `ppr prbx bxki` ki`ta tacy cy 4< pa parl rlae aett ob obrr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Malaidar <0, 4::6, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. ]fa kelra`sa ke tfa vbcuia bo sa`rlfas ks prki`rkcy `ttrkdut`dca tb `e kelra` kel ra`sa sa ke tfa euidar bo sa` sa`rlf rlfas as par @oo @ookck` kck`ta. ta. ]fa eui euidar dar bo sa` sa`rlf rlfas as be @ook @ookck` ck`ta ta skt sktas as kel kelra` ra`sam sam dy `pprbxki`tacy 0 parlaet obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fa kelra`sa ke tfa vbcuia bo sa`rlfas ks prki`rkcy `ttrkdut`dca tb ` eat kelra`sa ke tfa euidar bo @ookck`tas. ]fa `var`na ravaeua par sa`rlf be bur @ookck`ta sktas malra`sam dy 4? parlaet obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>, prki`rkcy `s ` rasuct bo ` lf`ena ke tr`ookl ikx `em tfa kip`lt bo tfa s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e tb [`fbb! G`p`e. ]fa `var`na ravaeua par sa`rlf be bur @ookck`ta sktas malra`sam dy 1 parlaet obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::? prki`rkcy `s ` rasuct bo ` malckea ke ravaeuas orbi lart`ke @ookck`ta sktas. ravaeuas as kelcum kelcumaa praiku praikui i oaa-d` oaa-d`sam sam sarvklas sulf `s Ketareat drb`md drb`md`em `em sarvklas, Oaas Tavaeu Tavaeuas. as.   Bur oaas ravaeu spbrts, iuskl spbrts, iuskl,, pfbtbs pfbtbs,, n`ias n`ias,, parsb parsbe`cs, e`cs, praikui a-i`kc booarke booarkens, ns, `em sarvkl sarvklas as obr si`cc duskeassas. duskeassas. Btfar oaa-d`sam ravaeuas kelcuma rby`ctkas, cklaesas, `em ibdkca sarvklas. Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, oaas ravaeuas kelra`sam `pprbxki`tacy $00 ikcckbe, br 0 parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. ]fks rac`tkvacy oc`t ya`r-bvar-ya`r traem ks mua tb tfa benbken tr`esktkbe bo `em lf`enas ke lart`ke bo bur drb`md`em `llass p`rtearsfkps, orbi daken oaa-p`yken usar d`sam tb `e `mvartksken ravaeua sf`rken ibmac. ]fks f`s rasuc rasuctam tam ke ` ramul ramultkbe tkbe ke oaas ravaeuas ravaeuas `ssbl `ssblk`tam k`tam wktf tfasa p`rtea p`rtearsfkps rsfkps.. ]fa tr`esktkbe tr`esktkbe bo `em lf`enas ke lart`ke bo bur drb`md`em `llass p`rtearsfkps orbi daken oaa-p`yken usar d`sam tb `e `mvartksken ravaeua sf`rken ibmac f`va `csb lbetrkdutam tb tfa kelra`sa ke i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi Bweam `em Bpar`tam sktas. @s wa f`va raeawam lbetr`lts wktf drb`md`em p`rtears `em bur rac`tkbesfkps f`va ibvam orbi daken oaa daken oaa-p` -p`yke yken n usa usarr d`s d`sam am tb `e `mv `mvart artksk ksken en rav ravaeu aeuaa sf` sf`rken rken ibmac, bur eui euidar dar bo oaa oaa-p` -p`yke yken n usa usars rs f`s malra`sam. Ke `mmktkbe tb tfa tr`esktkbe bo tfa drb`md`em p`rtearsfkps, wa f`va tr`esktkbeam but bo tfa _BKZ `em sudslrkptkbe iuskl duskeassas. Mua tb tfasa o`ltbrs `em ncbd`c albebikl lbemktkbes, wa axpalt oaas ravaeuas tb lbet lb etke keua ua tb ma malc lcke keaa ob obrr tf tfaa ok okrs rstt qu qu`r `rta tarr bo 4: 4::; :;,, `s lb lbip ip`r `ram am tb tf tfaa ok okrs rstt qu qu`r `rta tarr bo 4: 4::6 :6.. Ke `m `mmk mktk tkbe be,, stra st raen entf tfae aeke ken n bo tf tfaa Q. Q.\. \. Mb Mbcc cc`r `r `n `n`k `kes estt bt btfa farr lu lurr rrae aelk lkas as lb lbuc ucm m f` f`va va ` ou ourt rtfa farr ea ean` n`tkv tkvaa ki kip` p`lt lt be bu burr ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas. @s usam ke tfks mkslusskbe, –oaa-p`yken usars’ ks d`sam be tfa tbt`c euidar bo oaa-d`sam sudslrkptkbes `nnran`tam orbi a`l a`lf f [`f [`fbb! bb! Zrbp Zrbpart arty. y. ]b l`c l`cluc luc`ta `ta tfa `va `var`n r`naa rav ravaeu aeuaa par oaa oaa-p` -p`yke yken n usa usar, r, wa mkv mkvkma kma tfa rav ravaeu aeuaa naear`tam orbi tfa sudslrkptkbes dy tfa `var`na oaa-p`yken usars murken tfa ya`r. ]fa euidar bo p`yken usars obr bur oaa-d`sam sarvklas malra`sam tb ;.> ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 lbip`ram tb 0;.: ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::>. ]fks malra`sa bo =; parlaet w`s ` rasuct bo tfa duskeass ibmac lf`enas maslrkdam `dbva. @mgustken tfa euidar bo oaa-p`yken usars `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::> tb raibva oaa-p` oaa -p`yke yken n usa usars rs rac` rac`tam tam tb bur rae raeawa awam m drb` drb`md` md`em em rac rac`tk `tkbes besfkp fkps, s, bur oaa oaa-p` -p`yke yken n usa usars rs wbu wbucm cm f`v f`vaa daa daae e 0:.0 ikcckbe `s bo Malai Malaidar dar <0, 4::>, lbip`ram tb ;.> ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, ` malra malra`sa `sa bo = parlae parlaet. t. <1

 

Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, oaas ravaeuas kelra`sam `pprbxki`tacy $6< ikcckbe, br 0: parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fa ya`r-bvar-ya`r nrbwtf ke 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?, ks `ssblk`tam wktf `e kelra`sa ke tfa euidar bo p`yken usars obr bur oaa-d`sam sarvklas `lrbss ibst bo bur booarkens. ]fa euidar bo p`yken usars w`s 0;.: ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::>, lbip`ram tb 0?.< ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::?, `e kelra`sa bo 0> parlaet. ]fa kip`lt bo tfks kelra`sa ke bur euidar bo p`yken usars w`s boosat dy ` ramultkbe ke tfa `var`na ibetfcy ravaeuas par p`yken usar mkslussam dacbw. @var`na ibetfcy ravaeuas par p`yken usar w`s `pprbxki`tacy $=.:: obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, lbip`ram tb `pprbxki`tacy $<.:: `em $<.1: obr tfa s`ia parkbms ke 4::> `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. ]fa kelra`sa ke `var`na ibetfcy ravaeuas par p`yken usar obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 ks mua tb tfa lf`ena ke ikx bo  oaa-d`sam sudslrkdars, prki`rkcy tfa ramultkbe ke drb`md`em sudslrkdars mua tb tfa raeanbtk`tkbe bo drb`md`em p`rtearsfkps orbi oaa-p`yken usar d`sam tb `e `mvartksken ravaeua sf`rken ibmac. Lbsts `em Axpaesas.   Bpar`tken lbsts `em axpaesas lbeskst bo lbst bo ravaeuas, s`cas `em i`rhatken, prbmult

mavacbpiaet, naear`c `em `mikekstr`tkva, `em `ibrtkz`tkbe bo ket`enkdca `ssats. Ke `mmktkbe, ke 4::6, wa f`m rastrulturken lf`rnas, eat, `em ` nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna. Lbst bo ravaeuas lbesksts bo tr`ookl `lquksktkbe lbsts (–]@L’), Ketareat lbeealtkbe lf`rnas, `em btfar axpaesas `ssblk`tam wktf tfa prbmultkbe `em us`na bo  [`fbb! Zrbpartkas, kelcumken `ibrtkz`tkbe bo `lqukram ketaccaltu`c prbparty rknfts `em mavacbpam talfebcbny. Bpar`tken lbsts `em axpaesas wara `s obccbws (mbcc`rs ke tfbus`ems)7 4::?-4::>

4::>-4::6

[a`r Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

Lbst bo ravaeuas(4) . . . . . . \`ca \` cass `e `em m i` i`rh rhat atke ken n ..... Zrbm Zr bmul ultt ma mava vacb cbpi piae aett . . . . Naear`c `em `mi mike keks kstr tr``tk tkva va . . . . . . . . @ibrtkz`tkbe bo  ket`enkdcas(4) . . . . . . . . . Tastrulturken lf`rnas, eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 

4::>

(0)

 

4::6

(0)

 

(0)

Mbcc`r Lf`ena

Zarlaet Lf`ena

Mbcc`r Lf`ena

Zarlaet Lf`ena

$4,?>1 $4,? >1,> ,>4< 4< =4 =4% % $4,6 $4,6<6 <6,> ,>16 16 =0 =0% % $<,: $<,:4< 4<,< ,<?4 ?4 = =4% 4% $0 $0?< ?<,: ,:<1 <1 $0,<44 $0,< 44,4 ,41; 1; 4:% 4:% $0 $0,? ,?0: 0:,< ,<1> 1> 4<% $0 $0,1 ,1?< ?<,< ,<0< 0< 44% $466 $466,: ,:;6 ;6 $ 6< 6<<, <,0= 0=> > 0<% 0<% $0 $0,: ,:6= 6=,4 ,4<6 <6 01% 01% $0 $0,4 ,440 40,> ,>6> 6> 0>% 0>% $4 $410 10,: ,:;0 ;0

?% 44% 44 % <:% <: %

$06=,? $06= ,?:= := $ (= (=>, >,:= :==) =) $0<> $0 <>,1 ,1=; =;

>% (<)% (< )% 0<% 0< %

$ 14 146, 6,>; >;6 6

6% $ ?< ?<<, <,=< =<0 0

;% $ >: >:1, 1,0< 0<? ? 0:% 0:% $0 $0:= :=,? ,?<< <<

4:% 4: %

$ >0, >0,>: >:1 1

00% 00 %

$ 04=, =,> >6?

4% $ 0:> :>,,:>>

4% $

6>,11:

0% $ (0>,>:; :;))

(0=)% $ (0; 0;,,14>)

(06)%

$

”

”

$

”

”

$ 0: 0 :?,61=

0% $

”

”

$0:?,61=

E/@

$

”

”

$

”

”

$ =6 =6>,1<>

>% $

”

”

$=6>,1<>

E/@

(0)

Zarlaet bo tbt`c ravaeuas.

(4)

Obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, 4::>, `em 4::?, lbst bo ravaeuas kelcumam `ibrtkz`tkbe axpaesa bo  $0;= ikcckbe, $0=< ikcckbe, `em $00< ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, rac`tken tb `lqukram ketaccaltu`c prbparty rknfts `em mavacbpam talfebcbny.

\tblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa w`s `ccbl`tam `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

Lbst bo ra Lbst rava vaeu euas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ?, ?,?4 ?40 0 \`ca \` cass `em `em i` i`rha rhatke tken n . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 011, 01 1,:6 :6= = Zrbmu Zrb mult lt ma mava vacb cbpi piae aett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0==, 0= =,6: 6:> > Naea Na ear` r`cc `em `em `m `mik ikek ekst str` r`tk tkva va . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 006, 00 6,=0 =06 6 Tastru rullturk rke en axpaesa ra rav vars`cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ]bt`c ]bt `c stbl stblh-d h-d`sa `sam m lbipa lbipaes` es`tkb tkbe e axpae axpaesa sa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

<?

$=4=,; $=4 =,;<: <:

4::>

4::6

$ 0: 0:,? ,?46 46 $ 0< 0<,6 ,60< 0< 4=?, 4= ?,=> =>4 4 064, 06 4,64 64? ? 406, 40 6,4: 4:> > 0>6, 0> 6,:; :;0 0 ;>,0 ;> ,04: 4: ?<,00< ?<,0 0< ” (<: (< :,4<?) $1>4,= $1> 4,=4> 4>

$=:>,? $=: >,?:> :>

 

\aa Ebt Ebtaa 0”– 0”–]fa ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y `em \uii \uii`ry `ry bo \kn \knekok ekokl`e l`ett @ll @llbue buetke tken n Zbck Zbcklka lkas’ s’ `em Ebt Ebtaa 04” 04”–Ai –Aipcb pcbyaa yaa Daeaokts’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets, `s wacc `s bur Lrktkl`c @llbuetken Zbcklkas, Gumniaets, `em Astki`tas, obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe `dbut stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe. ]r`ookl @lquksktkbe Lbsts (–]@L’).  ]@L lbeskst bo p`yiaets i`ma tb @ookck`tas `em p`yiaets i`ma tb lbip`ekas

tf`t mkralt lbesuiar `em duskeass tr`ookl tb [`fbb! Zrbpartkas. ^a aetar ketb `nraaiaets bo v`ryken mur`tkbe tf`t kevbcva ]@L. ]fara `ra naear`ccy tfraa albebikl strulturas bo tfa @ookck`ta `nraaiaets7 okxam p`yiaets d`sam be ` nu`r`etaam ikekiui `ibuet bo tr`ookl mackvaram, wfklf botae l`rry ralkprbl`c parobri`ela nu`r`etaas orbi tfa @ookck`ta8 v`rk`dca p`yiaets d`sam be ` parlaet`na bo bur ravaeuas br d`sam be ` lart`ke iatrkl, sulf `s euidar bo  sa`rlfas br p`km lcklhs8 br ` lbidke`tkbe bo tfa twb. ^a axpaesa ]@L uemar twb mkooaraet iatfbms. @nraaiaets wktf okxam p`yiaets `ra axpaesam r`t`dcy bvar tfa tari tfa okxam p`yiaet lbvars, `em `nraaiaets d`sam be ` parlaet`na bo ravaeuas, euidar bo p`km ketrbmultkbes, euidar bo sa`rlfas, br btfar iatrkls `ra axpaesam d`sam be tfa vbcuia bo tfa uemarcyken `ltkvkty br ravaeuas iuctkpckam dy tfa `nraam-upbe prkla br r`ta. Lbipaes`tkbe, Keobri`tkbe ]alfebcbny, Mapralk`tkbe `em @ibrtkz`tkbe, `em O`lkcktkas Axpaesas.  Lbipaes`tkbe

axpaesa lbesksts prki`rkcy bo s`c`ry, dbeusas, lbiiksskbes, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa. Keobri`tkbe `em tal talfeb febcbn cbny y axp axpaes aesaa kel kelcum cumas as tac tacalb albi i us` us`na na lf` lf`rna rnass `em m`t m`t`` lae laetar tar bpa bpar`tk r`tken en lbs lbsts. ts. Map Mapral ralk`t k`tkbe kbe `em `ibrtkz`tkbe axpaesa lbesksts prki`rkcy bo mapralk`tkbe bo sarvar aqukpiaet `em keobri`tkbe talfebcbny `ssats `em `ibrtkz`tkbe bo mavacbpam br `lqukram talfebcbny `em ketaccaltu`c prbparty rknfts. O`lkcktkas axpaesa lbesksts prki`rkcy bo dukcmken i`ketae`ela lbsts, raet axpaesa, `em utkcktkas. ]fa lf`enas ke bpar`tken lbsts `em axpaesas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 lbip`ram tb tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> `ra lbiprksam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 Keobri`tkbe Mapralk`tkbe `em Lbipaes`tkbe ]alfebcbny @ibrtkz`tkbe O`lkcktkas

Lbst bo ra Lbst rava vaeu euas as . . . . . . . . . . . \`cas `em i`rhatken . . . . . . . . Zrbmult mavacbpiaet . . . . . . . Naear`c `em `mikekstr`tkva . . . @ibrtkz`tkbe bo ket`enkdcas . . Tastrulturken lf`rnas, eat . . . Nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 41 41,0 ,0:< :< (=>,><?) ;:,?>; (0<,6?=) ” ”

]bt` ]b t`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 1=, 1=,06 064 4

”

$1<, $1 <,64 646 6 (===) 0:,6<: 0,?=< ” ” ”

$04: $0 4:,0 ,001 01 (;:1) 0?,1:1 0=,?1: (0;,14>) ” ”

$?1, $? 1,61 61> >

$0<: $0 <:,6 ,6<6 <6

]@L

Btfar

]bt`c

$ 4,?6 4,?6; ; $(=?, $(=?,>6 >6?)$ ?)$ 4; 4;,? ,?11 11 $06= $06=,? ,?:= := 0>,:0: ” (0=,;?;) (=>,:==) 41,141 ” (1,;;:) 0<>,1=; (<:,6;6) ” 0::,0>= >0,>:1 ” ” ” (0;,14>) ” ” 0:?,61= 0:?,61= ”

”

=6>,1<>

=6>,1<>

$ 0=, 0=,<4 <4? ? $( $(=? =?,> ,>6? 6?)) $> $>:< :<,4 ,4?0 ?0 $;40, $;40,?> ?>6 6

]fa lf`enas ke bpar`tken lbsts `em axpaesas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> lbip`ram tb tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::? `ra lbiprksam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 Keobri`tkbe Mapralk`tkbe `em Lbipaes`tkbe ]alfebcbny @ibrtkz`tkbe O`lkcktkas

]@L

Btfar

]bt`c

Lbst bo ra Lbst rava vaeu euas as . . . . . . . . . . . . \`cas `em i`rhatken . . . . . . . . . Zrbmult mavacbpiaet . . . . . . . . Naear`c `em `mikekstr`tkva . . . @ibrtkz`tkbe bo ket`enkdcas . . .

$ 4: 4:,? ,?;0 ;0 44?,;<4 4=:,00= <1,;1= ”

$=0, $= 0,<= <=> > (?1=) ;,6?0 >:1 ”

$00= $0 0=,1 ,14= 4= (?4?) 0=,=16 6,1<4 (0>,>:;)

$ 4, 4,01 01= = $(;, $(;,44 44=) =) $ (? (?,= ,=1> 1>)) $0 $0?< ?<,: ,:<1 <1 0<,>>; ” =6,??> 466,:;6 ?,4=; ” (0;,1;0) 41 410,:;0 0:,::: ” =;,==4 0:=,?<< ” ” ” (0>,>:;)

]bt` ]b t`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$14< $1 4<,? ,?;0 ;0

$10, $1 0,41 41; ;

$00; $0 0;,0 ,0>; >;

$<4, $< 4,06 064 4 $( $(;, ;,44 44=) =) $ >4, >4,:? :?0 0 $> $>6; 6;,0 ,0=6 =6

Lbipaes`tkbe Axpaesa.   ]bt`c lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa kelra`sam `pprbxki`tacy $1= ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam

Malaidar <0, 4::6, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. ]bt`c lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa kelra`sam `pprbxki`tacy $14= ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fasa kelra`sas `ra prki`rkcy mua tb kelra`sas ke bur <>

 

`va `var`n r`naa fa` fa`mlb mlbuet uet,, prk prki`r i`rkcy kcy ke tfa prb prbmul multt mav mavacb acbpia piaet et oue oueltk ltkbe be (p` (p`rtk rtk`cc `ccy y boo boosat sat ke 4:: 4::6 6 dy mal malra` ra`sam sam fa`mlbuet fa`ml buet ke lart`k lart`ke e oueltk oueltkbes, bes, prki`rkcy s`cas `em i`rhatken), `s wacc `s `eeu`c s`c`ry s`c`ry kelra` kelra`sas sas `em fknfar d`sa s`c`rkas s`c`rk as `lrbss `cc oueltk oueltkbes. bes. Zrbmult mavac mavacbpiaet bpiaet fa`mlbuet fa`mlbuet kelra` kelra`sam sam obr tfa i`keta i`ketae`ela e`ela `em mavacb mavacbpiaet piaet bo  `em ikebr aef`elaiaets tb axkstken booarkens `em sarvklas be [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `s wacc `s tfa i`ketae`ela bo  [`fbb!‛s talfebcbny pc`tobris `em keor`strultura. Obr 4::6, tfa kelra`sa ke lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa w`s eat bo ` malra`sa ke stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe bo $0?1 ikcckbe, prki`rkcy mua tb $<: ikcckbe ke ravars`cs bo stblh-d`sam lbipae lbi paes`t s`tkbe kbe axp axpaes aesaa rac rac`ta `tam m tb aip aipcby cbyaa aa map map`rt `rtura urass (kel (kelcum cumken ken tfa map map`rt `rtura ura bo axa axalut lutkva kvas) s) ke 4:: 4::6 6 `s lbip`ram tb 4::> `em ravars`cs bo $10 ikcckbe bo stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa tb raocalt `e kelra`sa ke astki`tam obroaktura r`ta `ssuiptkbes rac`tam tb aqukty `w`rms obr wfklf tfara wara eb skikc`r ravars`cs ke 4::>. ^a mb ebt axpalt bur fa`mlbuet tb lbetkeua tb nrbw `t kts fkstbrkl r`ta.  Keobri`tkbe ]alfebcbny Axpaesas. Keobri`tkbe talfebcbny axpaesas kelra`sam $?? ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam

Malaidar <0, 4::6, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. Keobri`tkbe talfebcbny axpaesas kelra`sam $10 ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fa kelra`sas obr dbtf ya`rs `ra mua tb kelra`sam tacalbi us`na `em m`t` laetar bpar`tken lbsts.  Mapralk`tkbe `em @ibrtkz`tkbe Axpaesas. Mapralk`tkbe `em `ibrtkz`tkbe axpaesas kelra`sam $0<0 ikcckbe obr tfa

ya`r aem ya`r aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::6, 6, `s lbi lbip`r p`ram am tb 4:: 4::>. >. Map Mapral ralk`t k`tkbe kbe `em `ib `ibrtkz rtkz`tk `tkbe be axp axpaes aesas as kel kelra` ra`sam sam $00; ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fa kelra`sas wara mua tb bur lbetkeuam kevastiaet ke keobri`tkbe talfebcbny `ssats `em sarvar aqukpiaet. ]fasa kelra`sas wara scknftcy boosat dy ` malra`sa ke `ibrtkz`tkbe axpaesa obr `lqukram ket`enkdca `ssats mua tb lart`ke ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram ke prkbr ya`rs`ssats. daken ouccy `ibrtk `ibrtkzam zam `s wacc `s `e kelra`sa ke tfa waknftam `ibrtkz`tkbe `ibrtkz`tkbe parkbms bo ralaet ralaetcy cy `lqukram ket`enkdca O`lkcktkas O`lkckt kas Axpae Axpaesas. sas.   O`lkck O`lkcktka tkass axp axpaes aesas as kel kelra` ra`sam sam $0= ikc ikcckb ckbe e obr tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::6, 6, `s

lbip`ram tb 4::>. O`lkcktkas axpaesas kelra`sam $<4 ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fa kelra`sas wara mua tb bur axp`eskbe ketb eaw o`lkcktkas `em kelra`sam raet axpaesa be bur dukcmkens. Mua tb bur lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas, wa mb ebt axpalt bur o`lkcktkas axpaesas tb lbetkeua tb nrbw `t kts fkstbrkl r`ta. ]@L.  ]@L malra`sam $=> ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. ]@L malra`sam

$; ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fa malra`sas wara prki`rkcy mua tb tfa s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e tb [`fbb! G`p`e. ]fa malra`sa ke ]@L w`s scknftcy boosat dy ` si`cc kelra`sa ke `var`na ]@L r`tas `em p`rtear ikx lf`enas. Btfar Axpaesas. Btfar axpaesas kelra`sam $>:< ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, `s lbip`ram tb

4::> i`kecy mua tb rastrulturken lf`rnas, eat bo $0:> ikcckbe, tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna bo $=66 ikcckbe, `em kelra`sas ke tfkrm-p`rty sarvkla prbvkmar axpaesas bo $041 ikcckbe. Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa kelra`sas ke butsburlam sarvkla prbvkmar axpaesas wara prki`rkcy tfa rasuct bo kelraiaet`c lbsts kelurram ke naear`c `em `mikekstr`tkva axpaesa bo $>; ikcckbe obr 4::6 obr butskma `mvksbrs rac`tam tb Iklrbsbot‛s prbpbs`cs tb `lqukra `cc br ` p`rt bo tfa Lbip`ey, btfar str`tankl `ctare`tkvas, kelcumken tfa Nbbnca `nraaiaet, tfa prbxy lbet lb etas ast, t, `e `em m ra rac` c`ta tam m ckt cktkn kn`t `tkb kbe e ma maoa oaes esaa lb lbst sts. s. Bt Btfa farr ax axpa paes esas as ke kelr lra` a`sa sam m $> $>4 4 ik ikcc cckb kbe e ob obrr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Malaidar <0, 4::>, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?, i`kecy mua tb kelra`sas ke butsburlam sarvkla prbvkmar axpaesas bo  $=; ikcckbe. Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfa kelra`sas wara prki`rkcy tfa rasuct bo kelraiaet`c lbsts kelurram obr kelra`sam taipbr`ry fa`mlbuet `em lbesuctken prbgalts.  Tastrulturken Lf`rnas, Eat.   Tastrul Tastrulturk turken en lf` lf`rna rnass bo $0< $0<> > ikc ikcckbe ckbe axl axlcum cumken ken tfa rav ravars ars`cs `cs bo stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am

lbipaes`t lbipae s`tkbe kbe,, obr tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4::6 lbe lbesks skstam tam bo $4> ikcckbe ikcckbe obr tfa str str`ta `tankl nkl wbr wbrhob hobrla rla ra`ckn ra` ckneia eiaet et kek kektk` tk`tam tam ke tfa okr okrst st qu` qu`rta rtarr bo 4:: 4::6 6 `em $00: ikc ikcckb ckbe e rac` rac`tke tken n tb tfa lbst ram ramult ultkbe kbe kek kektk` tk`tkv tkvas as kipcaiaetam ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6. ]fasa rastrulturkens wara lbiprksam bo twb kektk`tkvas7 <6

 

\tr`tankl ^brhobrla Ta`ckneiaet Kektk`tkva. ]fa str`tankl wbrhobrla ra`ckneiaet kevbcvam kevastken rasburlas ke sbia `ra`s, ramulken rasburlas ke btfars, `em ackike`tken sbia `ra`s bo bur duskeass tf`t mb ebt suppbrt bur str`tankl prkbrktkas. Ke tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::6, wa kelurram tbt`c pra-t`x l`sf lf`rnas bo `pprbxki`tacy $4> ikcckbe ke savar`ela p`y axpaesas `em rac`tam l`sf axpaesas ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa str`tankl wbrhobrla ra`ckneiaet, eat bo ravars`cs obr `mgustiaets tb brknke`c astki`tas tbt`cken $4 ikcckbe. ]fa pra-t`x l`sf lf`rnas wara boosat dy ` $04 ikcckbe lramkt rac`tam tb ebe-l`sf stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa ravars`cs obr obroaktam uevastam `w`rms. Bo tfa eat astki`tam tbt`c str`tankl wbrhobr wbrh obrla la ra ra`c `ckn knei eiae aett pra pra-t` -t`x x ax axpa paes esaa bo `p `ppr prbx bxki ki`t `tac acy y $0 $01 1 ik ikcc cckb kbe, e, $0 $04 4 ik ikcc cckb kbe e w` w`ss ra rac` c`ta tam m tb tf tfaa Q.\. saniaet `em $< ikcckbe w`s rac`tam tb tfa Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfara wara eb rai`keken `llru`cs rac`tam tb tfa str`tankl wbrhobrla ra`ckneiaet. Lbst Tamultkbe Kektk`tkvas. ]fa lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas kelcuma ramultkbes ke bur ncbd`c wbrhobrla `em tfa lbesbckm`tkbe `em axkt bo lart`ke ra`c ast`ta o`lkcktkas. Ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6, wa kelurram savar`ela, o`lkckty `em btfar rastrulturken lbsts bo  $00: ikcckbe, boosat dy $06 ikcckbe ke rac`tam stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa ravars`cs obr uevastam stblh  `w`rms, rasuctken ke ` eat rastrulturken lf`rna bo $;4 ikcckbe. Aipcbyaa Aipcby aa sav savar` ar`ela ela p`y `em rac rac`ta `tam m lf` lf`rna rnass kel kelcuma cuma dae daeaok aokts ts rac rac`tk `tken en tb ebt ebtkokl kokl`tk `tkbe be par parkbm kbms, s, sav savar` ar`ela ela,, butpc`laiaet sarvklas `em aipcbyar rac`tam t`xas be tfasa daeaokts. Ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6, wa kelurram pra-t`x lf`rnas bo $64 ikcckbe obr aipcbyaa savar`ela p`y axpaesas `em rac`tam l`sf axpaemkturas ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfasa ramultkbes ke bur ncbd`c wbrhobrla. ^a `csb dan`e tb lbesbckm`ta `em axkt sacaltam o`lkcktkas dankeeken ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6 `em axpalt tb lbetkeua tfks prblass tfrbunf tfa aem bo 4::;. Murken tfa ya`r aemam 4::6, wa v`l`tam `em la`sam usa bo ` sknekokl`et pbrtkbe bo tfraa o`lkcktkas ke tfa Q.\. `em twb o`lkcktkas ketare`tkbe`ccy. ^a ralbrmam rastrulturken lf`rna lf` rnass bo $4= ikcckbe ikcckbe ke tfa obu oburtf rtf qu`rtar qu`rtar bo 4:: 4::6 6 obr axktam axktam o`l o`lkck kcktka tkass bo wfk wfklf lf $0? ikcckbe ikcckbe rac rac`ta `tam m tb ebe-l`elac` ebe-l` elac`dca dca ca`sa lbsts `em $6 ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa wrkta-boo bo tae`e tae`ett kiprbv kiprbvaiaets aiaets,, ourektu ourektura ra `em okxturas. Ebe-l`elac` Ebe-l` elac`dca dca ca`sa lbsts wara matarikeam d`sam be tfa prasaet v`cua bo rai`k rai`keken eken ca`sa p`yiaets ramulam dy astki`tam astki` tam sudca`sa kelbia. ]fa rai`k rai`keken eken ca`sa bdckn` bdckn`tkbes tkbes wkcc da sattcam bvar tfa rai`keken ca`sa taris wfklf axpkra tfrbunf oksl`c 4:0> `em wkcc da `mgustam obr lf`enas ke astki`tas br tfa kip`lt bo sudca`sa lbetr`lts. Ke `mmktkbe, wa kelurram $< ikcckbe ke prboasskbe`c sarvklas rac`tken tb tfa rastrulturken `em $0 ikcckbe ke lbetr`lt tarike`tkbe lbsts. Bo tfa eat rastrulturken lf`rnas obr tfa lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas bo `pprbxki`tacy $;4 ikcckbe, $?6 ikcckbe w`s rac`tam tb tfa Q.\. saniaet `em $4= ikcckbe w`s rac`tam tb tfa Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa `nnran`ta $;: ikcckbe butst`emken rastrulturken ck`dkckty wktf raspalt tb tfa lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas rac`tas tb $>: ikcckbe bo aipcbyaa savar`ela p`y axpaesas, wfklf wa axpalt tb sudst`etk`ccy p`y but dy tfa aem bo tfa salbem qu`rtar bo 4::;, `em $4: ikcckbe tb ebe-l`elac`dca ca`sa lbsts, wfklf wa axpalt tb p`y bvar tfa ckvas bo tfa rac`tam bdckn`tkbes wfklf axtaem tb tfa aem bo oksl`c 4:0>. Bo tfa $;: ikcckbe rastrulturken ck`dkckty `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, $?6 ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa Q.\. saniaet `em $44 ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet. Ke `mmktkbe tb tfa lf`rnas maslrkdam `dbva, wa lurraetcy axpalt tb kelur lf`rnas ke 4::; bo datwaae $<1 ikcckbe `em $=1 ikcckbe obr ebe-l`elac`dca ca`sa lbsts, racbl`tkbe lbsts, `em tfa wrkta-boo bo tae`et kiprbvaiaets `em ourektura `em okxturas `s wa lbetkeua tb axkt o`lkcktkas kmaetkokam `s p`rt bo tfa 4::6 lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas. \aa Ebta 0?” –Tastrulturken –Tastrul turken lf`rnas, eat’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm lbesbckm`tam `tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. Nbbmwkcc Kip`kriaet Lf`rna.   ^a lbemultam bur `eeu`c nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet tast `s bo Bltbdar <0, 4::6 ke

`llbrm`ela wktf \t`taiaet bo Oke`elk`c @llbuetken \t`em`rms Eb. 0=4, –Nbbmwkcc `em Btfar Ket`enkdca @ssats.’ @s ` rasuct bo tfks tast, wa lbelcumam tf`t tfa l`rryken v`cua bo bur Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt axlaamam kts o`kr <;

 

v`cua `em ralbrmam ` nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna bo `pprbxki`tacy $=66 ikcckbe. ]fa o`kr v`cuas bo bur btfar rapbrtken uekts axlaamam tfakr l`rryken v`cuas dy ` sknekokl`et i`rnke `em tfaraobra nbbmwkcc ke tfbsa rapbrtken uekts w`s ebt kip`kram. ]fa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet ke bur Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt rasuctam orbi ` lbidke`tkbe bo  o`ltbrs, kelcumken tfa lurraet ncbd`c albebikl mbweture, ` parskstaet malckea ke duskeass lbemktkbes ke tfa rankbe, ramultkbes ke bur prbgaltam bpar`tken rasucts `em astki`tam outura l`sf ocbws, `em malra`sas ke ravaeua `em a`rekens iuctkpcas bo lbip`r`dca lbip`ekas ke tfa rankbe. \knekokl`et lf`enas ke tfa albebikl aevkrbeiaet `em bur bpar`tken rasucts i`y rasuct ke outura kip`kriaet bo  bur rapbrtken uekts. \aa Ebta 1”–Nbbmwkcc’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. ^a f`m eb nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rnas ke tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> br 4::?. Btfar Kelbia, Eat.  Btfar kelbia, eat w`s `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0,

4::?-4::> Mbcc`r Lf`ena

4::>-4::6 Mbcc`r Lf`ena

$0=< $0 =<,< ,<0: 0: $04; $04;,1 ,1=0 =0 $ 6?, 6?,:1 :1? ? (<,14>) 0,><: (<10) 01,016 6,:?? ” ” ?,0>1 ” ” ” 41,0=; 4,:;< 6,=;; (46,:0?)

$(0< $( 0<,> ,>?; ?;)) 1,41> (>,:;4) ?,0>1 ” ?,=:?

$(=< $( =<,= ,=61 61)) (4,:60) (6,:??) (?,0>1) 41,0=; (<?,101)

$01> $0 1>,: ,:<= <= $0 $01= 1=,: ,:00 00 $ 64, 64,6< 6<6 6

$ (< (<,: ,:4< 4<))

$(>0 $( >0,0 ,0>< ><))

4::?

Ketara Keta rast st `e `em m ke keva vast stia iaet et ke kelb lbia ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kevastiaet n`kes (cbssas), eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N`ke be mkvastktura bo [`fbb! Lfke` . . . . . . . . . N`ke be s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N`ke be s`ca bo Hachbb \@\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt` ]b t`cc bt btfa farr ke kelb lbia ia,, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::>

4::6

Btfar kel Btfar kelbia bia,, eat w`s $6< ikcckbe ikcckbe obr tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Malaidar Malaidar <0, 4:: 4::6, 6, ` mal malra` ra`sa sa bo $>0 ikcckbe, ikcckbe, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. Ketarast `em kevastiaet kelbia obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 malra`sam $=< ikcckbe mua tb cbwar `var`na ketarast r`tas, lbip`ram tb 4::>. Ke tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, fknfar `var`na kevastam d`c`elas obr 4::6, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>, wara boosat dy cbwar `var`na ketarast r`tas bo 4.6 parlaet ke 4::6, lbip`ram tb =.< parlaet ke 4::>. Btfar malra`sam dy $<> ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>, prki`rkcy mua tb obrakne axlf`ena ra-ia`suraiaet bo `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas maebike`tam ke ebe-oueltkbe`c lurraelkas. Btfar kelbia, eat obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> kelcumam ` $? ikcckbe n`ke orbi tfa s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e `em `e $6 ikcckbe ebe-l`sf n`ke `rksken orbi tfa ramultkbe ke bur bwearsfkp ke @ckd`d` Nrbup, wfklf w`s tra`tam `s `e kelraiaet`c s`ca bo `mmktkbe`c aqukty ketarasts ke [`fbb! Lfke`. Btfar kelbia,, eat obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar kelbia Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelcumam ` $41 ikcckbe n`ke orbi tfa s`ca bo Hachbb \@\. Btfar kel Btfar kelbia bia,, eat w`s $01 $01= = ikc ikcckb ckbe e obr tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Malaidar Malaidar <0, 4:: 4::>, >, ` mal malra` ra`sa sa bo $< ikcckbe, ikcckbe, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. Ke tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfara w`s `e kelra`sa ke ketarast boosat dy ` malra`sa ke kevastiaet kelbia, `s lbip`ram tb 4::? `s fknfar `var`na ketarast r`tas wara ibra tf`e boosat dy cbwar `var`na kevastam d`c`elas. ]fa `var`na ketarast r`ta w`s `pprbxki`tacy =.< parlaet ke 4::>, lbip`ram tb <.; parlaet ke 4::?. Bur obrakne lurraely tr`es`ltkbe n`kes, eat `csb kelra`sam $> ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>. @mmktkbe`ccy, bur ralbrmam ebe-l`sf n`ke `rksken orbi tfa ramultkbe ke bur bwearsfkp ke @ckd`d` Nrbup, wfklf w`s tra`tam `s `e kelraiaet`c s`ca bo `mmktkbe`c aqukty ketarasts ke [`fbb! Lfke`, w`s $6 ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, lbip`ram tb ebe-l`sf n`kes bo $01 ikcckbe obr tfks ktai ke 4::? `s ` rasuct bo ` ramultkbe ke bur bwearsfkp ke @ckd`d` Nrbup orbi `pprbxki`tacy =? parlaet tb == parlaet ke 4::? `em orbi == parlaet tb =< parlaet ke 4::>. Btfar kelbia, eat i`y ocultu` ocultu`ta ta ke outura parkbms mua tb lf`en lf`enas as ke bur `var`na kevastiaet kevastiaet d`c`elas, lf`enas lf`enas ke ketarast `em obrakne axlf`ena r`tas, ra`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas be kevastiaets, `em kip`kriaets bo kevastiaets.  Kelbia ]`xas.  ]fa prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 mkooars orbi tfa `ibuet

lbiput lbip utam am dy `p `ppc pcyk yken en tf tfaa oa oama mar` r`cc st st`t `tut utbr bry y ke kelb lbia ia t` t`x x r` r`ta ta pr prki` ki`rkc rkcy y mu muaa tb st st`t `taa t` t`xa xas, s, tf tfaa ao aooa oalt lt bo  ebe-Q.\. bpar`tkbes, ebe-mamultkdca stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa, kelra`sa ke v`cu`tkbe `ccbw`ela, `em ` ebe-mamultkdca nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna. =:

 

]fa obc obccbw cbwken ken t`d t`dca ca sui suii`r i`rkza kzass tfa mkoo mkooara araela elass dat datwaa waae e bur prb prbvks vkskbe kbe obr kel kelbia bia t`x t`xas as `em tfa `ib `ibuet uet lbiputam dy `ppcyken tfa oamar`c st`tutbry kelbia t`x r`ta tb kelbia daobra kelbia t`xas (mbcc`rs ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?(4)

(0)

4::>(4)

(0)

4::6

 

(0)

Kelbia t`x `t tfa Qektam \t`tas oamar`c st`tutbry r`ta bo <1 parl pa rlae aett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $<6= $<6=,< ,<:: :: <1 <1% % $4;> $4;>,4 ,4;> ;> <1 <1% % $ << <<,1 ,1<: <: <1% <1 % \t``ta ke \t kellbi biaa t` t`xa xas, s, ea eatt bo oa oama mar` r`cc da daea eaok oktt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =<,4 =< ,4;> ;> =% <4,; <4 ,;=4 =4 =% (6,< (6 ,<;1 ;1)) (; (;)% )% Lf`ena ke v`cu`tkbe `cc ccb bw`ela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01,4:? 0% ;,6:? 0% 41,?>= 4>% \tbl \t blhh-d` d`sa sam m lb lbip ipaaes es`t `tkb kbe e axp xpae aessa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06,? 06 ,?14 14 4% <=,: <= ,:00 00 =% ==,; == ,;<6 <6 =>% => % Tasa Ta sa`r `rlf lf t` t`x x lr lram amkt ktss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,< (1 ,<:: ::)) :% (6,? (6 ,?06 06)) (0 (0)% )% (0 (0<, <,;1 ;1=) =) (01) (01)% % Aooa Ao oalt lt bo eb ebee-Q. Q.\. \. bp bpaar` r`tk tkbe bess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,4= 1, 4=? ? :% (< (<>, >,4< 4<6) 6) (= (=)% )% 06 06,= ,=:< :< 0;% 0; % Ia`cs `em aetart`keiaet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,;00 :% 4,>>: :% 4,60? <% \attcaiaet wktf t`x `utfbrktkas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ” ” ” (1,4=1) (1)% Nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ” ” ” 0>:,?== 0>6% Btfar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,<:0) :% ?,4;< 0% (1,?;=) (?)% Zrbvk Zrb vksk skbe be ob obrr kel kelbi biaa t`x t`xas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $= $=16 16,: ,:00 00

=4% =4 % $< $<<> <>,4 ,4?< ?<

=:% =: % $4 $4?4 ?4,> ,>0> 0>

4>=% 4> =%

(0)

Zarlaet bo kelbia daobra prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas, a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts, `em ikebrkty ketarasts.

(4)

Lart`ke Lart`k e ral ralc`s c`ssko skokl` kl`tkb tkbes es f`v f`vaa daa daae e i`m i`maa tb prkb prkbrr ya` ya`rr `ib `ibuet uetss ke brm brmar ar tb lbe lbeobri obri tb tfa lurraet lurraet ya` ya`rr prasaet`tkbe.

Bur aooaltkva t`x r`ta obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 w`s 4>= parlaet, lbip`ram tb =: parlaet ke tfa prkbr ya`r. ]fa fknfar aooaltkva t`x r`ta ke 4::6 w`s i`kecy `ttrkdut`dca tb ` malra`sa ke 4::6 pra-t`x kelbia rasuctken orbi ` $=66 ikcckbe nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna, tfa i`gbrkty bo wfklf w`s ebe-mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas, `s wacc `s tfa kip`lt bo tfa nabnr`pfkl ikx bo a`rekens. ]fa 4::6 st`ta kelbia t`x prbvkskbe raocalts tfa luiuc`tkva t`x daeaokt bo ` o`vbr`dca st`ta t`x rucken nr`etam ke 4::6 `em ratrb`ltkva tb 4::>. Bur aooaltkva t`x r`ta obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> w`s =: parlaet, lbip`ram tb =4 parlaet ke 4::?. ]fa malra`sam r`ta w`s i`kecy `ttrkdut`dca tb tfa t`x daeaokt rac`tam tb tfa raca`sa bo maoarram t`x ck`dkcktkas ke lbeealtkbe wktf lf`enas tb bur wbrcmwkma aetkty strultura ke 4::>.  A`rekens ke Aqukty Ketarasts.   A`re A`reke kens ns ke aq aqukt ukty y ke keta tara rast stss obr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6 w` w`ss

`pprbxki` `pprbx ki`tac tacy y $1; $1;> > ikc ikcckb ckbe, e, kel kelcum cumken ken ` $=: $=:0 0 ikc ikcckb ckbe e ebe ebe-l` -l`sf sf n`k n`ke e rac rac`ta `tam m tb @ck @ckd`d d`d`` Nrb Nrbup‛s up‛s KZB bo  @ckd`d`.lbi, eat bo t`x. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa KZB, wa i`ma ` mkralt kevastiaet bo 0 parlaet ke @ckd`d`.lbi. Ke 4::6, wa `csb ralbrmam `e kip`kriaet lf`rna bo $<: ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, wktfke a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts tb ramula tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa @ckd`d`.lbi kevastiaet tb o`kr v`cua. A`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar Malaidar <0, 4::> w`s `pprbxki`tacy `pprbxki`tacy $010 ikcckbe (eat bo $> ikcckbe rac`tam tb t`x daeaokts be mkvkmaems ralakvam `em eat bo $0> ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa t`x daeaokt bo bur sf`ra bo @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s cbss). A`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::? w`s $004 ikcckbe (eat bo $? ikcckbe rac`tam tb t`x axpaesa be mkvkmaems ralakvam `em eat bo $> ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa t`x daeaokt bo bur sf`ra bo @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s cbss). \aa Ebta =”–Kevastiaets ke Aqukty Ketarasts’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe.  Ikebrkty Ketarasts ke Bpar`tkbes bo Lbesbckm`tam \udskmk`rkas.  Ikebrkty ketarasts ke bpar`tkbes bo lbesbckm`tam

sudskmk`rkas raprasaets tfa ikebrkty fbcmars‛ parlaet`na sf`ra bo kelbia br cbssas orbi tfa sudskmk`rkas ke wfklf wa fbcm ` i`gbrkty, dut cass tf`e 0:: parlaet, bwearsfkp ketarast `em lbesbckm`ta tfa sudskmk`rkas‛ rasucts ke bur oke`elk`c st`taiaets. Ikebrkty ketarasts ke bpar`tkbes bo lbesbckm`tam sudskmk`rkas w`s `pprbxki`tacy $? ikcckbe ke 4::6, lbip`ram tb $< ikcckbe `em $0 ikcckbe ke 4::> `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. Ikebrkty ketarasts ralbrmam ke 4::6, 4::>, `em 4::? wara rac`tam tb bur [`fbb! > gbket vaetura `rr`enaiaet.

=0

 

Duskeass \aniaet Tasucts ^a i`e`na bur duskeass nabnr`pfkl`ccy. Bur prki`ry `ra`s bo ia`suraiaet `em malkskbe-i`hken `ra tfa Q.\. `em Ketare`tkbe`c. I`e`naiaet rackas be `e ketare`c i`e`naiaet rapbrtken prblass tf`t prbvkmas ravaeuas `em saniaet bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa obr i`hken oke`elk`c malkskbes `em `ccbl`tken rasburlas. \aniaet bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa kelcumas kelbia orbi bpar`tkbes daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe `em stblhd`sam d`s am lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe axp axpaes aesa. a. I`e I`e`na `naiae iaett dac dackav kavas as tf` tf`tt san saniae iaett bpa bpar`t r`tken ken kel kelbia bia dao daobra bra map mapral ralk`t k`tkbe kbe,, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa ks `e `pprbprk`ta ia`sura obr av`cu`tken tfa bpar`tkbe`c parobri`ela bo bur saniaets. Fbwavar, tfks ia`sura sfbucm da lbeskmaram ke `mmktkbe tb `em ebt `s ` sudstktuta obr, br suparkbr tb, kelbia orbi bpar`tkbes br btfar ia`suras bo oke`elk`c parobri`ela prap`ram ke `llbrm`ela wktf naear`ccy `llaptam `llbuetken prkelkpcas ke tfa Q.\. (–Q.\. N@@Z’). \uii`rkzam keobri`tkbe dy saniaet w`s `s obccbws (mbcc`rs ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

(*)

4::>

(*)

4::6

(*)

4::?-4::> % Lf`ena

4::>-4::6 % Lf`ena

Tavaeuas dy saniaet7 Qektam \t`tas . . . . . . . . Ketare`tkbe`c . . . . . . . .

$=,<?1,;44 4,:1;,>1>

?6% $ $= =,>4>,04< <4% 4,4=4,010

?6% $ $1 1,06;,6?6 <4% 4,:06,?<=

>4% 46%

6% ;%

0:% (0:)%

]bt` t`cc ravaeuas . . .

$?,=41,?>;

0::% $?,;?;,4>=

0::% $>,4:6,1:4

0::%

6%

<%

(*) Zarlae Zarlaett bo tbt`c ravaeuas. ravaeuas. [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

\aniaet bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa7 Qekt Qe ktam am \t \t`t `tas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ketare`tkbe`c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt`c saniaet bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mapralk` k`ttkbe `em `ibrtkz`tkbe . . . . . . . . . . . \tbl \t blhh-d` d`sa sam m lb lbip ipaaes es`t `tkb kbe e ax axpa paes esaa . . . . . . . Kelbia or orb bi bpar`tkbes . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::>

4::6

$0,= $0 ,=10 10,? ,?1? 1? $0,= $0,=<< <<,? ,?0> 0> $0,4 $0,40 04, 4,64 640 0 =1=,4?0 =;<,=06 (4,406)

0,;:1,;0> (1=:,:40) (=4= (= 4=,; ,;<: <:)) $ ;=:,;??

0,;4>,:<1 (?1;,0;1) (1>4 (1 >4,= ,=4> 4>)) $ ?;1,=0<

0,40:,?:< (>;:,:<<) (=:> (= :>,? ,?:> :>)) $

04,;?<

4::?-4::> % Lf`ena

4::>-4::6 % Lf`ena

(0)% (0)% ;%

(01)% (01) % (0::)%

0% 44% <1% <1 %

(<>)% (<> 4:% (4;) (4 ;)% %

(4?)%

(;6 (; 6)%

Tavaeuas `ra `ttrkdutam tb kemkvkmu`c lbuetrkas `llbrmken tb tfa ketare`tkbe`c beckea prbparty tf`t naear`tam tfa ravaeuas. Eb skenca obrakne lbuetry `llbuetam obr ibra tf`e 0: parlaet bo ravaeuas ke 4::6, 4::>, br 4::?, raspaltkvacy. Qektam \t`tas.  Q.\. ravaeuas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelra`sam `pprbxki`tacy $=?< ikcckbe, br 0:

parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. Q.\. ravaeuas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> kelra`sam `pprbxki`tacy $<?0 ikcckbe, br 6 parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. ]fa ya`r-bvar-ya`r kelra`sas ke 4::6 `em 4::> wara ` rasuct bo  nrbwtf ke `mvartksken `lrbss [`fbb! Zrbpartkas. Ibra tf`e ;1 parlaet bo tfa 4::6 kelra`sa, br $=16 ikcckbe, l`ia orbi i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas. @pprbxki`tacy >; parlaet bo tfa 4::> kelra`sa, br $46? ikcckbe, l`ia orbi i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas. Bvar tfa p`st ya`r, bur axp`emken usar d`sa f`s lbetrkdutam tb tfa nrbwtf ke burr `m bu `mva vart rtks kske ken n ra rava vaeu euas as.. Q. Q.\. \. bp bpar ar`t `tke ken n ke kelb lbia ia da daob obra ra ma mapr pral alk` k`tk tkbe be,, `i `ibr brtkz tkz`t `tkb kbe, e, `e `em m st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 malra`sam $440 ikcckbe, br 01 parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. Q.\. bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa obr tfa =4

 

ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelcumas rastrulturken lf`rnas bo $0:> ikcckbe. Q.\. bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapral map ralk`t k`tkbe kbe,, `ib `ibrtk rtkz`t z`tkbe kbe,, `em stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe axp axpaes aesaa obr tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::> > malra`sam $06 ikcckbe, br 0 parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?.  Ketare`tkbe`c.   Ketare`t Ketare`tkbe kbe`c `c rav ravaeu aeuas as obr tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::6 6 mal malra` ra`sam sam `pp `pprbxk rbxki`t i`tacy acy $44 $44= =

ikcckbe, br 0: parlaet, lbip`ram tb 4::>. Ibra tf`e ;1 parlaet bo tfa ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas malra`sa ke 4::6 l`ia orbi i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas. ]fa ya`r-bvar-ya`r malra`sa ks tfa rasuct bo tfa s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e tb [`fbb! G`p`e wfklf ean`tkvacy kip`ltam ravaeuas dy `pprbxki`tacy $<:: ikcckbe. Zravkbuscy, wa a`ream sa`rlf i`rhatken ravaeuas orbi `mvartksars `em p`km ]@L tb [`fbb! G`p`e. Ke tfa tfkrm qu`rtar bo 4::>, wa kektk`tam ` eaw lbiiarlk`c lbiiarlk`c `rr`en `rr`enaiaet aiaet wktf [`fbb [`fbb!! G`p`e ke wfklf wa ebw prbvkma sa`rlf i`rhatken sarvklas sarvklas tb [`fbb! G`p`e obr ` sarvkla oaa. Qemar tfks eaw `rr`enaiaet, wa ralbrm i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi [`fbb! G`p`e obr tfa prbvkskbe bo sa`rlf i`rhatken sarvklas d`sam be ` parlaet`na bo `mvartksken ravaeuas a`ream dy [`fbb! G`p`e G`p `e obr tfa mac mackva kvary ry bo spb spbesb esbram ram sa` sa`rlf rlf ras rasuct ucts. s. Keta Ketare` re`tkb tkbe`c e`c bpa bpar`t r`tken ken kel kelbia bia dao daobra bra map mapral ralk`t k`tkbe kbe,, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 malra`sam $=;? ikcck ikc ckbe be,, br 0: 0:: : pa parl rlae aet, t, `s lb lbip ip`r `ram am tb 4: 4::> :>.. ]f ]faa ma malr lra` a`sa sa ke ke keta tare re`t `tkb kbe` e`cc bp bpar ar`t `tke ken n ke kelb lbia ia da daob obra ra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe ya`r-bvar-ya`r ks prki`rkcy mua tb tfa $=66 ikcckbe nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna rac`tam tb bur Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt wfklf ks p`rt bo bur Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet. \aa Ebta 1”–Nbbmwkcc’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. Ke `mmktkbe, ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tken cbss daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelcumas rastrulturken lf`rnas bo $<: ikcckbe. Ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> kelra`sam `pprbxki`tacy $064 ikcckbe, br ; parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. Ibra tf`e ;1 parlaet bo tfa ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas kelra`sa ke 4::> l`ia orbi i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas. ]fa ya`r-bvar-ya`r nrbwtf ke ketare`tkbe`c i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas l`e da `ttrkdutam tb burr kel bu kelra ra`s `sam am pa paea eatr tr`t `tkb kbe e ke ketb tb ax axks kstk tken en i` i`rh rhat ats, s, lb lbup upca cam m wk wktf tf nr nrbw bwtf tf bo tf tfaa nc ncbd bd`c `c be beck ckea ea `m `mva vart rtks kske ken n i`rhatpc`la i`rhat pc`la.. Ketare` Ketare`tkbe`c tkbe`c bpar`t bpar`tken ken kelbi kelbiaa daobra mapra mapralk`tkb lk`tkbe, e, `ibrtk `ibrtkz`tkbe z`tkbe,, `em stblhstblh-d`sam d`sam lbipaes`tkbe lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> kelra`sam $<; ikcckbe, br ; parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::?. Ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas `llbuetam obr `pprbxki`tacy 46 parlaet bo tbt`c ravaeuas murken 4::6 `em <4 parlaet bo  tbt`c ravaeuas murken dbtf 4::> `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. Ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas ke 4::6 malra`sam $44= ikcckbe, br 0: parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. Bur ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tkbes axpbsa us tb obrakne lurraely ocultu`tkbes. Tavaeuas `em rac`tam axpaesas naear`tam orbi bur ketare`tkbe`c sudskmk`rkas `ra naear`ccy maebike`tam ke tfa lurraelkas bo tfa cbl`c lbuetrkas. Zrki`ry lurraelkas kelcuma @ustr`ck`e Mbcc`rs, Drktksf Zbuems, Aurbs, Hbra`e ^be, `em ]`kw`e Mbcc`rs. ]fa st`taiaets bo kelbia bo bur ketare`tkbe`c bpar`tkbes `ra tr`esc`tam ketb Q.\. mbcc`rs `t axlf`ena r`tas kemkl`tkva bo i`rhat r`tas murken a`lf `ppckl`dca parkbm. ]b tfa axtaet tfa Q.\. mbcc`r straentfaes `n`kest obrakne lurraelkas, tfa tr`esc`tkbe bo tfasa obrakne lurraely-maebike`tam tr`es`ltkbes rasucts ke ramulam ravaeuas, bpar`tken axpaesas, `em eat kelbia obr bur Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet. \kikc`rcy, bur ravaeuas, bpar`tken axpaesas, `em eat kelbia wkcc kelra`sa obr bur Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet ko tfa Q.\. mbcc`r wa`haes `n`kest obrakne lurraelkas. Qsken tfa obrakne lurraely axlf`ena r`tas orbi 4::>, bur ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas obr 4::6 wbucm f`va daae fknfar tf`e wa rapbrt rapbrtam am dy `pprbxki`tacy `pprbxki`tacy $<4 ikcckbe `em bur Ketare` Ketare`tkbe`c tkbe`c saniaet bpar`tken bpar`tken cbss daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa wbucm f`va daae fknfar tf`e wa rapbrtam dy $04: ikcckbe (wfklf kelcumas $;? ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet).

]r`es`ltkbes \knekokl`et `lquksktkbes `em str`tankl kevastiaets lbipcatam ke tfa c`st tfraa ya`rs kelcuma tfa obccbwken7 •   G`eu`ry 4::? ”\tr`tankl ”\tr`tankl p`rtearsfkp wktf \avae Eatwbrh Ckiktam, `e @ustr`ck`e iamk` lbip`ey, tb obri [`fbb! >8 •   Guea Guea 4: 4::?  :? ”Kev ” Kevas asti tiae aett bo `p `ppr prbx bxki ki`t `tac acy y 0: pa parl rlae aett ke keta tara rast st ke Ni Ni`r `rha hatt Ke Kel. l. (– (–Ni Ni`r `rha hat’ t’), ), ` ra rat` t`kc kc a-lbiiarla prbvkmar ke \butf Hbra`, obr $?0 ikcckbe. @e `mmktkbe`c kevastiaet w`s i`ma ke 4::> obr $6 ikcckbe8 =<

 

•   Bltbdar 4::? ”Kevastiaet ”Kevastiaet bo `pprbxki`tacy 4: parlaet ketarast ke Tknft Iamk` Kel. (–Tknft Iamk`’), `e beckea `mvartksken axlf`ena. Ke Gucy 4::>, wa purlf`sam tfa rai`keken aqukty ketarasts ke Tknft Iamk` Kel. obr ` tbt`c purlf`sa prkla bo $14= ikcckbe8 •   Bltbdar 4::> ”@lqukram ”@lqukram Wkidr`, Kel. (–Wkidr`’), ` prbvkmar bo a-i`kc `em lbcc`dbr`tkbe sbotw`ra obr ` tbt`c purlf`sa prkla bo $<:< ikcckbe8 •   Bltbdar 4::> ”@lqukram ”@lqukram DcuaCktfkui, Kel. (–DcuaCktfkui’), `e beckea ncbd`c `mvartksken eatwbrh lbip`ey obr ` tbt`c purlf`sa prkla bo $411 ikcckbe8 •   Ebvaida Ebvaidarr 4:: 4::>  > ”Zurl ” Zurlf` f`sa sam m `p `ppr prbx bxki ki`t `tac acy y 0 pa parl rlae aett bo @c @ckd kd`d `d`. `.lb lbi i ob obrr ` tb tbt` t`cc pu purl rlf` f`sa sa pr prkl klaa bo  `pprbxki`tacy $0:0 ikcckbe ke tfa KZB be tfa Fben Hben \tblh Axlf`ena bo @ckd`d`.lbi8 `em •   Oadru` Oadru`ry ry 4::6”@lqukram I`vae Eatwbrhs, Kel. (–I`vae’), ` ca`mken beckea vkmab pc`tobri prbvkmar obr $0=< ikcckbe. \aa Ebta <”–@lquksktkbes’ `em Ebta =”–Kevastiaets ke Aqukty Ketarasts’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe rac`tken tb tfasa `em btfar tr`es`ltkbes. ^a axpalt tb lbetke lbetkeua ua tb av`cu av`cu`ta `ta pbsskdca `lquksktkbes `lquksktkbes bo, br str`tankl kevastiaets kevastiaets ke, duskeassas, duskeassas, prbmults, `em talfebcbnkas tf`t `ra lbipcaiaet`ry tb bur duskeass, wfklf i`y raqukra tfa usa bo l`sf.

Ckqukmkty `em L`pkt`c Tasburlas @s bo `em obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 (mbcc`rs ke tfbus`ems)7 4::?

4::>

4::6

L`sf `em L`sf `em l`sf l`sf aquk aqukv`c v`caet aetss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0,1?;,6>0 0,1?;,6>0 $ 0,10<,;<: 0,10<,;<: $ 4,4;4,4; 4,4;4,4;? ? \fbrt \fb rt-t -tar ari i i` i`rh rhat at`d `dca ca ma madt dt sa salu lurkt rktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,:<0, 0,:< 0,14 146 6 =6>, =6 >,1= 1== = 0,01;, 0,01 ;,?; ?;0 0 Cben Cb en-t -tar ari i i` i`rh rhaat` t`dc dcaa ma madt dt sal alur urkt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;<1, ;< 1,66 66? ? <?0, <? 0,;; ;;6 6 ?;,;6? ?;,; 6? ]bt`c ]bt `c l`sf l`sf,, l`sf l`sf aquk aqukv`c v`caet aets, s, `em `em i`rh i`rhat` at`dca dca mad madtt salur salurktk ktkas as . . . . . . . . $ <,1<>,46 <,1<>,461 1 Zarlaet`na bo tbt`c `ssats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L`sf Ocbw Fknfcknfts

$ 4,<?<,=> 4,<?<,=>4 4

<0% 4::?

$ <,140,;> <,140,;>< <

0;% 4::>

4?% 4::6

Eat l`s l`sf f prbvk prbvkmam mam dy bpar bpar`tk `tken en `ltk `ltkvktk vktkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0,<>0,1>? 0,<>0,1>? $ 0,;06,6;; 0,;06,6;; $ 0,66:,4= 0,66:,4=0 0 Eat l`s l`sf f usam usam ke ke kevas kevastke tken n `ltkv `ltkvktka ktkass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (0;<,?6 (0;<,?60) 0) $ (1>4,1: (1>4,1:4) 4) $(0 $(0,<0 ,<00,> 0,>6<) 6<) Eat l`s l`sf f (usam (usam ke) prb prbvkm vkmam am dy dy oke`e oke`elke lken n `ltkv `ltkvktk ktkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$(0,:;= $(0, :;=,?4 ,?4=) =) $(0, $(0,==4 ==4,:: ,::6) 6) $

<<4,=: <<4 ,=:? ?

Bur bpar`tken `ltkvktkas obr a`lf ya`r ke tfa tfraa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 f`va naear`tam `maqu`ta l`sf tb iaat bur bpar`tken eaams. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, wa f`m l`sf, l`sf aqukv`caets, `em i`rhat`dca madt salurkt sal urktkas kas tbt`cken tbt`cken $<. $<.1 1 dkc dkcckb ckbe, e, lbi lbip`r p`ram am tb $4. $4.= = dkc dkcckb ckbe e `s bo Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4::>. Murken tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Mala Ma laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6,, wa ke keva vast stam am $> $>; ; ikc ikcck ckbe be ke mk mkra ralt lt st stbl blh h ra rapu purl rlf` f`sa sas, s, ` ea eatt $? $?>1 >1 ik ikcc cckb kbe e ke l` l`pk pkt` t`cc axpaemkturas, `em ` eat $4:; ikcckbe ke `lquksktkbes. ]fa l`sf usam obr tfasa kevastiaets w`s boosat dy $0.; dkcckbe bo l`sf naear`tam naear`tam orbi bpar`tken `ltkvktkas `ltkvktkas (kelcumken ` $<1: ikcckbe bea-tkia p`yiaet orbi @]&] Kel.) `em $<?< ikcckbe orbi tfa kssu`ela bo lbiibe stblh `s ` rasuct bo tfa axarlksa bo aipcbyaa stblh bptkbes. Ke 4::6, $>> ikcckbe w`s usam obr t`x wktffbcmkens rac`tam tb eat sf`ra sattcaiaets bo rastrkltam stblh `w`rms `em rastrkltam stblh uekts. ^a f`va `llruam Q.\. oamar`c kelbia t`xas be tfa a`rekens bo bur obrakne sudskmk`rkas axlapt tb tfa axtaet tfa a`rekens `ra lbeskmaram kemaokektacy rakevastam butskma tfa Q.\. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, `pprbxki`tacy $0.1 dkcckbe bo a`rekens facm dy bur obrakne sudskmk`rkas `em ` lbrpbr`ta gbket vaetura `ra maskne`tam `s kemaokektacy rakevastam butskma tfa Q.\. Ko raqukram obr bur bpar`tkbes ke tfa Q.\., ibst bo tfa l`sf facm `drb`m lbucm da ==

 

rap`trk`tam tb tfa Q.\. dut, uemar lurraet c`w, wbucm da sudgalt tb Q.\. oamar`c kelbia t`xas (sudgalt tb `e `mgustiaet obr obrakne t`x lramkts). Lurraetcy, wa mb ebt `etklkp`ta ` eaam tb rap`trk`ta tfasa ouems tb bur Q.\. bpar`tkbes. ^a kevast axlass l`sf prambike`etcy ke ibeay i`rhat ouems `em i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas tf`t `ra ckqukm, fknfcy r`tam, `em tfa i`gbrkty bo wfklf f`va aooaltkva i`turktkas bo cass tf`e bea ya`r. Bur i`rhat`dca madt `em aqukty salurktkas `ra lc`sskokam `s `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca `em `ra rapbrtam `t o`kr v`cua, wktf uera`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas, eat bo t`x, ralbrmam ke `lluiuc`tam btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia. Ta`ckzam n`kes br cbssas `em malckeas ke v`cua gumnam tb da btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry, ko `ey, be `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas `ra rapbrtam ke btfar kelbia, eat. ]fa o`kr v`cua obr salurktkas ks matarikeam d`sam be qubtam i`rhat prklas bo tfa fkstbrkl`c uemarcyken salurkty br orbi ra`mkcy `v`kc`dca prklken sburlas obr tfa kmaetkl`c uemarcyken salurktkas tf`t i`y ebt da `ltkvacy tr`mam `s bo  tfa v`cu`tkbe m`ta. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, lart`ke bo bur i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas f`m ` o`kr v`cua dacbw lbst mua tb tfa lf`enas ke i`rhat r`tas bo ketarast `em ykacms be tfasa salurktkas. ^a av`cu`ta tfasa kevastiaets parkbmkl`ccy obr pbsskdca btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry kip`kriaet `em ravkaw o`ltbrs sulf `s tfa caentf bo tkia `em axtaet tb wfklf o`kr v`cua f`s daae dacbw lbst d`sks, tfa oke`elk`c lbemktkbe bo tfa kssuar, `em bur `dkckty `em ketaet tb fbcm tfa kevastiaet obr ` parkbm bo tkia wfklf i`y da suooklkaet obr `e `etklkp`tam ralbvary ke i`rhat v`cua. ^a f`va tfa ketaet `em `dkckty tb fbcm tfasa salurktkas obr ` ra`sbe`dca parkbm bo tkia suooklkaet obr ` obral`stam ralbvary bo o`kr v`cua up tb (br daybem) tfa kektk`c lbst bo tfa kevastiaet `em axpalt tb ra`ckza tfa oucc v`cua bo `cc bo tfasa kevastiaets upbe i`turkty br s`ca. ^a axpalt tb lbetkeua tb naear`ta pbsktkva l`sf ocbw orbi bpar`tkbes obr tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::;. ^a usa l`sf naear`tam dy bpar`tkbes `s bur prki`ry sburla bo ckqukmkty dal`usa wa dackava tf`t ketare`ccy naear`tam l`sf ocbws `ra suooklkaet tb suppbrt bur duskeass bpar`tkbes `em l`pkt`c axpaemkturas. ^a dackava tf`t axkstken l`sf, l`sf l`s f aqu aqukv` kv`cae caets, ts, `em kev kevast astiae iaets ts ke i`r i`rhat hat`dc `dcaa mad madtt sal salurk urktka tkas, s, tbn tbnatf atfar ar wkt wktf f `ey l`s l`sf f nae naear` ar`tam tam orb orbi i bpar`tkbes wkcc da suooklkaet tb iaat ebri`c bpar`tken raqukraiaets kelcumken l`pkt`c axpaemkturas obr tfa eaxt twacva ibetfs. Fbwavar, wa i`y sacc `mmktkbe`c aqukty, br madt salurktkas, br bdt`ke lramkt o`lkcktkas tb ourtfar aef`el aef `elaa bur ckq ckqukm ukmkty kty pbs pbsktk ktkbe, be, `em tfa s`c s`caa bo `mm `mmktk ktkbe` be`cc aqu aqukty kty salurktka salurktkass lbu lbucm cm ras rasuct uct ke mkc mkcutk utkbe be tb bur stblhfbcmars. \aa Ebta 6”–Kevastiaets’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. L`sf ocbw lf`enas

L`sf prbvkmam dy bpar`tken `ltkvktkas ks mrkvae dy bur eat kelbia, `mgustam obr ebe-l`sf ktais, `em ebe-bpar`tken n`kes n`k es `em cbs cbssas sas orbi s`c s`cas as bo kev kevast astiae iaets. ts. Ebe Ebe-l` -l`sf sf `mg `mgust ustiae iaets ts kel kelcum cumaa map mapral ralk`t k`tkbe kbe,, `ib `ibrtk rtkz`t z`tkbe kbe bo  ket`enkdca `ssats, stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa eat bo stblh-d`sam rastrulturken axpaesa ravars`cs, ebe-l`sf rastrulturken lf`rnas, nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet, t`x daeaokts orbi stblh-d`sam `w`rms, `em axlass t`x daeaokts orbi stblh-d`sam `w`rms. L`sf prbvkmam dy bpar`tken `ltkvktkas w`s nra`tar tf`e eat kelbia ke 4::6 i`kecy mua tb tfa eat kip`lt bo ebe-l`sf `mgustiaets tb kelbia. Ke tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, bpar`tken l`sf ocbws wara pbsktkvacy kip`ltam dy lf`enas ke wbrhken l`pkt`c d`c`elas, kelcumken ` bea-tkia p`yiaet orbi @]&] Kel. Ke a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, 4::>, `em 4::?, l`sf ocbws orbi bpar`tkbes wara ramulam dy tfa kelra`sa ke bur `llbuets ralakv`dca d`c`ela, i`kecy raocaltken kelra`sas ke ravaeuas. @mmktkbe`ccy, ke tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, 4::>, `em 4::?, tfara wara sknekokl`et kelra`sas ke `llruam axpaesas `em btfar ck`dkcktkas ck`dkc ktkas tf`t pbsktk pbsktkvacy vacy kip`ltam l`sf ocbw orbi bpar`tkbes. bpar`tkbes. Ke 4::6, tfasa kelra`sas kelra`sas wara i`kecy mua tb fknfar `llru`c d`c`elas obr rastrulturken. Ke 4::>, tfasa kelra`sas wara i`kecy mua tb fknfar `llru`c d`c`elas obr t`xas p`y`dca. Ke 4::?, tfasa kelra`sas wara i`kecy mua tb ]@L p`yiaets tb @ookck`tas. L`sf usam ke kevas kevastken tken `ltkvktkas ks prki`rk prki`rkcy cy `ttrkd `ttrkdut`dca ut`dca tb l`pkt l`pkt`c `c axpae axpaemktura mkturas, s, purlf` purlf`sas, sas, s`cas `em i`turktkas bo i`rhat i`rhat`dca `dca madt salur salurktkas, ktkas, purlf`sas purlf`sas bo ket`en ket`enkdca kdca `ssats, `s wacc `s `lquks `lquksktkbes ktkbes kelcumken kelcumken bur str`tankl kevastiaets. Bur l`pkt`c axpaemkturas tbt`cam $?>1 ikcckbe, $?:4 ikcckbe, `em $?6; ikcckbe ke 4::6, 4::>, `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. Bur l`pkt`c axpaemkturas f`va daae prki`rkcy usam obr purlf`sas `em ketare`c mavacbpiaet bo  sbotw` sbo tw`ra ra tb sup suppbr pbrtt bur booarkens booarkens `em bur kelra`sa kelra`sam m eui euidar dar bo usa usars. rs. ^a kev kevast astam am ` eat $4:; ikcc ikcckbe kbe ke =1

 

`lquksktkbes, kelcumken str`tankl kevastiaets, ke 4::6, lbip`ram tb $;>= ikcckbe `em $0=4 ikcckbe ke 4::> `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. @lquksktkbes `em kevastiaets ke 4::6 kelcumam tfa l`sf butc`y obr bur `lquksktkbe bo I`vae. @lquksktkbes `em kevastiaets ke 4::> kelcumam l`sf butc`ys obr bur `lquksktkbes bo Tknft Iamk`, Wkidr`, `em DcuaCktfkui `em `e kevastiaet ke @ckd`d`.lbi. Bur kevastiaets ke [`fbb! >, Ni`rhat `em Tknft Iamk` wara tfa i`ke l`sf butc`ys ke 4::?. Ke 4::6, wa utkckzam $<?6 ikcckbe obr eat purlf`sas bo i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas, lbip`ram tb l`sf prblaams orbi tfa eat s`cas `em i`turktkas bo i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas bo $0.0 dkcckbe `em $?4< ikcckbe ke 4::> `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. L`sf usam ke oke`el oke`elken ken `ltkvktkas ks mrkvae dy aipcb aipcbyaa yaa bptkbe axarlksas `em aipcbyaa stblh purlf`sas purlf`sas boosat dy bur stblh rapurlf`sas. Bur l`sf prblaams orbi aipcbyaa bptkbe axarlksas `em aipcbyaa stblh purlf`sas wara $<?< ikcckbe ke 4::6, lbip`ram tb $<>1 ikcckbe `em $<06 ikcckbe ke 4::> `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. Murken 4::6, wa kevastam $>; ikcckbe ke tfa mkralt rapurlf`sa bo <.= ikcckbe sf`ras bo bur lbiibe stblh `t `e `var`na prkla bo $4<.<; par sf`ra. Ke `mmktkbe, lart`ke rastrkltam stblh `w`rms tf`t vastam murken 4::6 wara sudgalt tb st`tutbry t`x wktffbcmken bdckn`tkbes. ^a ra`lqukram 0.0 ikcckbe sf`ras bo rastrkltam stblh `w`rms tb s`tksoy tfa t`x wktffbcmken bdckn`tkbes `em $4> ikcckbe w`s ralbrmam `s tra`sury stblh. ^a p`km $1: ikcckbe rac`ta rac `tam m tb tfa eat sf` sf`ra ra sat sattca tcaiae iaett bo 4.4 ikcckbe ikcckbe sf` sf`ras ras bo ras rastrkl trkltam tam stblh uekts wfklf w`s ral ralbrm brmam am `s ` ramultkbe ramult kbe bo `mmktk `mmktkbe`c be`c p`km-ke-l`pkt`c p`km-ke-l`pkt`c.. Murken 4::>, wa usam $0.? dkcckbe ke tfa mkralt rapurlf`sa rapurlf`sa bo 1>.; ikcckbe sf`ras bo bur lbiibe stblh `t `e `var`na prkla bo $4>.<= par sf`ra. Ke `mmktkbe, lart`ke rastrkltam stblh `w`rms tf`t vastam murken 4::> wara sudgalt tb st`tutbry t`x wktffbcmken bdckn`tkbes. ^a ra`lqukram >:,::: sf`ras bo  rastrkltam stblh `w`rms tb s`tksoy tfa t`x wktffbcmken bdckn`tkbes `em $4 ikcckbe w`s ralbrmam `s tra`sury stblh. ^a p`km $= ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa eat sf`ra sattcaiaet bo 01?,::: sf`ras bo rastrkltam stblh uekts wfklf w`s ralbrmam `s ` ramultkbe bo `mmktkbe`c p`km-ke-l`pkt`c. Murken 4::?, wa usam $0.6 dkcckbe ke tfa mkralt rapurlf`sa bo ?0.1 ikcckbe sf`ras bo bur lbiibe stblh `t `e `var`na prkla bo $46.;6 par sf`ra. Ke tfa tfkrm qu`rtar bo 4::>, ` $41: ikcckbe strulturam strulturam stblh rapurl rapurlf`sa f`sa tr`es`ltkbe, tr`es`ltkbe, wfklf w`s aetaram ketb ke tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::>, sattcam `em i`turam. Be tfa i`turkty m`ta, wa ralakvam 6.= ikcckbe sf`ras bo bur lbiibe stblh `t `e aooaltkva duy-d`lh prkla bo $4;.6: par sf`ra. Ke 4::?, wa aetaram ketb strulturam stblh rapurlf`sa tr`es`ltkbes rasuctken ke ` tbt`c l`sf butc`y bo $:.1 dkcckbe. ]fks $:.1 dkcckbe l`sf butc`y w`s boosat dy l`sf ralakpts bo $4>4 ikcckbe orbi tfa sattcaiaet bo ` strulturam stblh rapurlf`sa tr`es`ltkbe aetaram ketb ke 4::1 obr ` eat l`sf us`na bo $446 ikcckbe obr tfasa tr`es`ltkbes ke 4::?. Ke 4::6, 4::>, `em 4::?, $041 ikcckbe, $<1 ikcckbe, `em $1;> ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, bo axlass t`x daeaokts orbi stblh-d`sam `w`rms obr bptkbes axarlksam ke lurraet `em prkbr parkbms wara kelcumam `s ` sburla bo l`sf ocbws orbi oke`elken `ltkvktkas. ]fasa axlass t`x daeaokts raprasaet tfa ramultkbe ke kelbia t`xas btfarwksa p`y`dca murken tfa parkbm, `ttrkdut`dca tb tfa `ltu`c nrbss t`x daeaokts ke axlass bo tfa axpaltam t`x daeaokts obr bptkbes axarlksam ke lurraet `em prkbr parkbms. ^a f`va `lluiuc`tam axlass t`x mamultkbes rac`tken tb stblh bptkbes axarlk axa rlksam sam prkbr tb G`e G`eu`r u`ry y 0, 4:: 4::? ? `v` `v`kc` kc`dca dca tb ram ramula ula kelbia t`xas btf btfarw arwksa ksa p`y p`y`dc `dca. a. ]b tfa axtaet sulf mamultkbes ramula kelbia t`xas p`y`dca ke tfa lurraet ya`r, tfay `ra rapbrtam `s oke`elken `ltkvktkas ke tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo l`sf ocbws. \aa Ebta 04”–Aipcbyaa Daeaokts’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe.  Oke`elken

Ke @prkc 4::<, wa kssuam $>1: ikcckbe bo zarb lbupbe saekbr lbevartkdca ebtas (–tfa Ebtas’) wfklf i`turam be @prkc 0, 4::6. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, $>1: ikcckbe bo tfa Ebtas wara lbevartam ketb <?.? ikcckbe sf`ras bo [`fbb! lbiibe stblh. \aa Ebta ;”–Madt’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. \tblh rapurlf`sas

Ke Blt Bltbda bdarr 4:: 4::?, ?, bur Db`rm bo Mkr Mkralt altbrs brs (tfa –Db –Db`rm `rm’) ’) `ut `utfbr fbrkza kzam m ` stb stblh lh rapurl rapurlf`s f`saa prb prbnr` nr`i i obr us tb rapurlf`sa up tb $<.: dkcckbe bo bur butst`emken sf`ras bo lbiibe stblh orbi tkia tb tkia bvar tfa eaxt okva =?

 

ya` ya`rs rs orb orbi i tfa m`t m`taa bo `ut `utfbr fbrkz` kz`tkbe tkbe,, map mapaem aemken ken be i`r i`rhat hat lbe lbemkt mktkbe kbes, s, stb stblh lh prkl prkla, a, `em btf btfar ar o`l o`ltbrs tbrs.. ^a rapurlf`sa bur lbiibe stblh orbi tkia tb tkia prki`rkcy tb ramula tfa mkcutkva aooalts bo bur stblh bptkbes, `w`rms, `em aipcbyaa stblh purlf`sa pc`e. Tapurlf`sas i`y t`ha pc`la ke tfa bpae i`rhat br ke prkv`tacy eanbtk`tam tr`es`ltkbes, kelcumken markv`tkva tr`es`ltkbes, `em i`y da i`ma uemar ` Tuca 0:d1-0 pc`e. Qemar tfks prbnr`i, murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, wa rapurlf`sam <.= ikcckbe sf`ras bo lbiibe stblh `t `e `var`na prkla bo $4<.<; par sf`ra. ]bt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe obr tfa rapurlf`sam stblh w`s $>; ikcckbe. Ke `mmktkbe, upbe tfa vastken bo lart`ke rastrkltam stblh `w`rms murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, wa ra`lqukram 0.0 ikcckbe sf`ras bo sulf vastam stblh tb s`tksoy t`x wktffbcmken bdckn`tkbes. ]fasa rapurlf`sam sf`ras wara ralbrmam `s $4> ikcckbe bo tra`sury stblh `em ramulam tfa euidar bo lbiibe sf`ras butst`emken dy 0.0 ikcckbe, `llbrmkency. ]ra`sury stblh ks `llbuetam obr uemar tfa lbst iatfbm. \aa Ebta 00”–\tblhfbcmars‛ Aqukty’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. L`pkt`c axpaemkturas

L`pkt`c axpaemkturas `ra naear`ccy lbiprksam bo purlf`sas bo lbiputar f`rmw`ra, sbotw`ra, sarvar aqukpiaet, ourektura `em okxturas, `em ra`c ast`ta. L`pkt`c axpaemkturas, eat wara $?>1 ikcckbe ke 4::6, lbip`ram tb $?:4 ikcckbe ke 4::> `em $?6; ikcckbe ke 4::?, wfklf kelcumam $004 ikcckbe obr ` c`em purlf`sa ke \`et` Lc`r`, L`ckobrek`. Bur l`pkt`c axpaemkturas ke tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::; `ra axpaltam tb da lbeskstaet wktf tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::6. Lbetr`ltu`c bdckn`tkbes `em lbiiktiaets

]fa ob ]fa obccb ccbwk wken en t` t`dc dcaa pr pras asae aets ts la lart` rt`ke ke p` p`yi yiae aets ts mu muaa ue uema marr lb lbet etr` r`lt ltu` u`cc bd bdck ckn` n`tkb tkbes es wk wktf tf ik ikek ekiu iui i okr okri i lbiiktiaets `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 (ke ikcckbes)7 Z`yiaets Mua dy Zarkbm ]bt`c

Mua ke 4::;

Mua ke 4:0:-4:00

Mua ke 4:04-4:0< 4:04-4:0 <

]fara`ota ]fara `otarr

Bpar`tken ca`sa bdckn`tkbes(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L`pkt`c ca`sa bdckn`tkbe(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ookck`ta lbiiktiaets(<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ebe-l`elac`dca bdckn`tkbes(=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OKE =6 bdckn`tkbes kelcumken ketarast `em pae`ctkas(1) . . . . . . .

6?0 64 <?: 0>6 <16

0=; > 0=4 ;4 ?

4<1 0= 406 ?> ”

0>6 01 ” 01 ”

4;; =? ” = <14

]bt` ]b t`cc lb lbet etr` r`lltu tu`c `c bd bdck ckn` n`tk tkbe bess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,6 $0 ,6<; <;

$<;? $< ;?

$1< $1 <=

$4:6 $4 :6

$>:0 $> :0

(0)

^a f`va aetaram ketb v`rkbus ebe-l`elac`dca bpar`tken ca`sa `nraaiaets obr bur booklas tfrbunfbut tfa Q.\. `em obr bur ketare`tkbe`c sudskmk`rkas wktf brknke`c ca`sa parkbms up tb 4< ya`rs, axpkrken datwaae 4::; `em 4:4>. \aa Ebta 0<”–Lbiiktiaets `em Lbetkenaelkas’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe.

(4)

Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, wa aetaram ketb `e 00 ya`r ca`sa `nraaiaet `nraaiaet obr ` m`t` laetar ke tfa wastare Q.\. Bo tfa tbt`c axpaltam ikekiui ca`sa lbiiktiaet bo $0:1 ikcckbe, $40 ikcckbe ks lc`sskokam `s `e bpar`tken ca`sa obr ra`c ast`ta `em $6= ikcckbe ks lc`sskokam `s ` l`pkt`c ca`sa obr aqukpiaet. ^a f`va tfa bptkbe tb raeaw tfks ca`sa obr up tb `e `mmktkbe`c `mmktkbe`c 0: ya`rs ya`rs..

(<)

^a `ra bdckn`tam tb i`ha ikekiui p`yiaets uemar lbetr`lts tb prbvkma spbesbram sa`rlf `em/br mkspc`y `mvartksken sarvklas tb bur @ookck`tas, wfklf raprasaet ]@L.

(=)

^a `ra bdckn`tam tb i`ha p`yiaets uemar v`rkbus `rr`enaiaets wktf vaembrs `em btfar duskeass p`rtears, prkelkp`ccy obr i`rhatken, d`emwkmtf, `em lbetaet `rr`enaiaets.

(1)

@s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, ueralbnekzam t`x daeaokts `em pbtaetk`c ketarast `em pae`ctkas rasuctam ke `llruam ck`dkcktkas bo $<16 ikcckbe, bo wfklf $? ikcckbe ks lc`sskokam `s `llruam axpaesas `em btfar lurraet ck`dkcktkas `em $<14 ikcckbe ks lc`sskokam `s maoarram `em btfar cben-tari t`x ck`dkcktkas, eat be bur lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa sattcaiaet parkbm obr tfa $<14 ikcckbe cben-tari kelbia t`x ck`dkcktkas l`eebt da matarikeam8 fbwavar, tfa ck`dkcktkas `ra ebt axpaltam tb dalbia mua wktfke tfa eaxt twacva ibetfs. =>

 

 Ketaccaltu`c Zrbparty Tknfts.   ^a `ra lbiikttam tb i`ha lart`ke p`yiaets uemar v`rkbus ketaccaltu`c prbparty

`rr`enaiaets bo up tb $14 ikcckbe tfrbunf 4:4<. Btfar Lbiiktiae Lbiiktiaets. ts. Ke tfa brmke`ry lbursa bo duskeass, wa i`y prbvkma kemaiekokl`tkbes bo v`ryken slbpa `em taris

tb lustbiars, vaembrs, cassbrs, gbket vaetura `em duskeass p`rtears, purlf`sars bo `ssats br sudskmk`rkas `em btfar p`rtkas wktf wkt f ras raspa palt lt tb la lart` rt`ke ke i`t i`ttar tars, s, kel kelcum cumken ken,, dut ebt cki ckikta ktam m tb, cbs cbssa sass `rk `rkske sken n but bo bur dra dra`lf `lf bo `nr `nraai aaiae aets ts br raprasaet`tkbes `em w`rr`etkas i`ma dy us, sarvklas tb da prbvkmam dy us, ketaccaltu`c prbparty keorkenaiaet lc`kis i`ma dy tfkrm p`rtkas br, wktf raspalt tb tfa s`ca bo `ssats br ` sudskmk`ry, i`ttars rac`tam tb bur lbemult bo tfa duskeass `em t`x i`ttars prkbr tb tfa s`ca. Ke `mmktkbe, wa f`va aetaram ketb kemaiekokl`tkbe `nraaiaets wktf bur mkraltbrs `em lart`ke bo bur booklars tf`t wkcc raqukra us, `iben btfar tfkens, tb kemaiekoy tfai `n`kest lart`ke ck`dkcktkas tf`t i`y `rksa dy ra`sbe bo tfakr st`tus br sarvkla `s mkraltbrs br booklars. ^a f`va `csb `nraam tb kemaiekoy lart`ke obriar booklars, mkraltbrs, `em aipcbyaas bo `lqukram lbip`ekas ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa `lquksktkbe bo sulf lbip`ekas. ^a i`ket`ke mkraltbr `em booklar kesur`ela, wfklf i`y lbvar lart`ke ck`dkcktkas `rksken orbi bur bdckn`tkbe tb kemaiekoy bur mkraltbrs `em booklars `em obriar mkraltbrs `em booklars bo `lqukram lbip`ekas, ke lart`ke lkrluist`elas. Kt ks ebt pbsskdca tb matarikea tfa `nnran`ta i`xkiui pbtaetk`c cbss uemar tfasa kemaiekokl`tkbe `nraaiaets mua tb tfa ckiktam fkstbry bo prkbr kemaiekokl`tkbe lc`kis `em tfa uekqua o`lts `em lkrluist`elas kevbcvam ke a`lf p`rtkluc`r `nraaiaet. \ulf kemaiekokl`tkbe `nraaiaets i`y ebt da sudgalt tb i`xkiui cbss lc`usas. Fkstbrkl`ccy, wa f`va ebt kelurram i`tark`c lbsts `s ` rasuct bo bdckn`tkbes uemar tfasa `nraaiaets `em wa f`va ebt `llruam `ey ck`dkcktkas rac`tam tb sulf kemaiekokl`tkbe kemaiekokl`tkb e bdckn`tkbes ke bur lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. @s bo Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6,, wa mk mkm m eb ebtt f` f`va va `e `ey y ra rac` c`tk tkbe besf sfkp kpss wk wktf tf ue uelb lbes esbc bckm km`t `tam am ae aetk tktka tkass br oke oke`e `elk lk`c `c p`rtearsfkps, sulf `s aetktkas botae raoarram tb `s strulturam oke`ela br spalk`c purpbsa aetktkas, wfklf wbucm f`va daae ast`dcksfam obr tfa purpbsa bo o`lkckt`tken boo-d`c`ela sfaat `rr`enaiaets br btfar lbetr`ltu`ccy e`rrbw br ckiktam purpbsas. purpbsas. @s sulf, wa `ra ebt axpbsam tb `ey oke`elken, oke`elken, ckqukmkty, i`rhat, br lramkt rksh tf`t lbucm `rksa ko  wa f`m aen`nam ke sulf rac`tkbesfkps.

Lrktkl`c @llbuetken Zbcklkas `em Astki`tas Bur mkslusskbe `em `e`cysks bo bur oke`elk`c lbemktkbe `em rasucts bo bpar`tkbes ks d`sam upbe bur lbesbckm`tam oke`elk oke` elk`c `c st` st`tai taiaet aets, s, wfk wfklf lf f`v f`vaa daa daae e pra prap`r p`ram am ke `ll `llbrm brm`el `elaa wkt wktf f Q.\ Q.\.. N@@ N@@Z. Z. ]fa pra prap`r p`r`tk `tkbe be bo tfa tfasa sa lbesbckm`ta lbesbc km`tam m oke`el oke`elk`c k`c st`ta st`taiaets iaets raqukras us tb i`ha astki astki`tas, `tas, gumniaets, gumniaets, `em `ssuiptkbes `ssuiptkbes tf`t `ooalt tfa rapbrtam `ibuets bo `ssats, ck`dkcktkas, ravaeuas `em axpaesas, `em tfa rac`tam mkslcbsura bo lbetkenaet `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas. ^a d`sa bur astki`tas be fkstbrkl`c axparkaela `em be v`rkbus btfar `ssuiptkbes tf`t wa dackava `ra ra`sbe`dca ra`sbe `dca uemar tfa lkrlu lkrluist`el ist`elas, as, tfa rasuct rasuctss bo wfklf obri tfa d`sks obr i`hken gumniaets gumniaets `dbut tfa l`rryk l`rryken en v`cuas bo `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas tf`t `ra ebt ra`mkcy `pp`raet orbi btfar sburlas. @ltu`c rasucts i`y mkooar orbi tfasa astki`tas. @e `llbuetken pbckly ks lbeskmaram tb da lrktkl`c ko kt raqukras `e `llbuetken astki`ta tb da i`ma d`sam be `ssuiptkbes `dbut i`ttars tf`t `ra fknfcy uelart`ke `t tfa tkia tfa astki`ta ks i`ma, `em ko mkooaraet astki`tas tf`t ra`sbe`dcy lbucm f`va daae usam, br lf`enas ke tfa `llbuetken astki`ta tf`t `ra ra`sbe`dcy ckhacy tb bllur, lbucm i`tark`ccy kip`lt tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. ^a dackava tf`t tfa obccbwken lrktkl`c `llbuetken pbcklk pbc klkas as rao raocal caltt tfa ibr ibraa skn skneko ekokl` kl`et et ast astki` ki`tas tas `em `ss `ssuip uiptkb tkbes es usa usam m ke tfa pra prap`r p`r`tk `tkbe be bo tfa lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. I`e`naiaet f`s mkslussam tfa mavacbpiaet `em sacaltkbe bo tfasa lrktkl`c `llbuetken astki`tas wktf tfa @umkt Lbiikttaa bo bur Db`rm `em tfa @umkt Lbiikttaa f`s ravkawam tfa mkslcbsura dacbw. Ke `mmktkbe, tfara `ra btfar ktais kta is wkt wktfke fke bur oke oke`el `elk`c k`c st` st`tai taiaet aetss tf` tf`tt raq raqukr ukraa ast astki` ki`tkbe tkbe,, dut `ra ebt maa maaiam iam lrk lrktkl tkl`c `c `s mao maokea keam m `db `dbva. va. Lf`enas ke astki`tas usam ke tfasa `em btfar ktais lbucm f`va ` i`tark`c kip`lt be bur oke`elk`c st`taiaets.  Tavaeua Talbnektkbe. Bur ravaeuas `ra naear`tam orbi i`rhatken sarvklas `em oaas. I`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas

`ra naear`tam orbi savar`c booarkens kelcumken7 tfa mkspc`y bo taxtu`c, nr`pfkl`c `mvartksaiaets, mkspc`y bo taxtd`sam ckehs tb `mvartksars‛ ^adsktas, ckstken d`sam sarvklas, `em lbiiarla-d`sam tr`es`ltkbes. Oaas ravaeuas =6

 

kelcuma ravaeuas orbi ` v`rkaty bo lbesuiar `em duskeass oaa-d`sam sarvklas. ^fkca tfa i`gbrkty bo bur ravaeua tr`es` tr` es`ltk ltkbes bes lbe lbet`k t`ke e st` st`em` em`rm rm dus duskea keass ss tar taris is `em lbe lbemkt mktkbe kbes, s, tfa tfara ra `ra lar lart`k t`ke e tr` tr`es` es`ltk ltkbes bes tf` tf`tt lbe lbet`k t`ke e ebe-st`em`rm duskeass taris `em lbemktkbes. Ke `mmktkbe, wa i`y aetar ketb lart`ke s`cas tr`es`ltkbes tf`t kevbcva iuctkpca acaiaets (`rr`enaiaets wktf ibra tf`e bea mackvar`dca). ^a `csb aetar ketb `rr`enaiaets tb purlf`sa nbbms nbb ms `em `em/br /br sar sarvkl vklas as orbi lar lart`k t`ke e lus lustbi tbiars ars.. @s ` ras rasuct uct,, skn sknekok ekokl`e l`ett lbe lbetr`l tr`ltt keta ketarpra rprat`t t`tkbe kbe ks sbi sbiatk atkias ias raqukram tb matarikea tfa `pprbprk`ta `llbuetken obr tfasa tr`es`ltkbes kelcumken7 (0) wfatfar `e `rr`enaiaet axksts8 (4) fbw tfa `rr`enaiaet lbeskmar`tkbe sfbucm da `ccbl`tam `iben pbtaetk`c iuctkpca acaiaets8 (<) wfae tb ralbnekza ravaeua be tfa mackvar`dcas8 (=) wfatfar `cc acaiaets bo tfa `rr`enaiaet f`va daae mackvaram8 (1) wfatfar tfa `rr`enaiaet sfbucm da rapbrtam nrbss `s ` prkelkp`c varsus eat `s `e `naet8 (?) wfatfar wa ralakva ` sap`r`tacy kmaetkok`dca daeaokt orbi tfa purlf`sa `rr`enaiaets wktf bur lustbiar obr wfklf wa l`e ra`sbe ra` sbe`dc `dcy y ast astki` ki`ta ta o`k o`krr v`c v`cua8 ua8 `em (>) wfa wfatfa tfarr tfa `rr `rr`en `enaia aiaet et sfb sfbucm ucm da lf` lf`r`l r`ltar tarkza kzam m `s rav ravaeu aeuaa br ` rakidu rak idursa rsaiae iaett bo lbs lbsts ts kel kelurra urram. m. Ke `mm `mmktk ktkbe, be, bur rav ravaeu aeuaa ral ralbne bnektk ktkbe be pbc pbckly kly raq raqukra ukrass `e `ss `ssass assiae iaett `s tb wfatfar lbccaltkbe ks ra`sbe`dcy `ssuram, wfklf kefaraetcy raqukras us tb av`cu`ta tfa lramktwbrtfkeass bo bur lustbiars. Lf`enas ke gumniaets be tfasa `ssuiptkbes `em astki`tas lbucm i`tark`ccy kip`lt tfa tkiken br `ibuet bo ravaeua ralbnektkbe.  Kelbia ]`xas.   \knekokl`et gumniaet ks raqukram ke av`cu`tken bur uelart`ke t`x pbsktkbes `em matarikeken bur

prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas. Aooaltkva G`eu`ry 0, 4::>, wa `mbptam tfa prbvkskbes bo OKE =6. \aa Ebta 0:” –Kelbia ]`xas’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. ^a ast`dcksf rasarvas obr t`x-rac`tam uelart`ketkas d`sam be astki`tas bo wfatfar, `em tfa axtaet tb wfklf, `mmktkbe`c t`xas wkcc da mua. ]fasa rasarvas `ra ast`dcksfam wfae wa dackava tf`t lart`ke pbsktkbes iknft da lf`ccaenam maspkta bur dackao tf`t bur t`x rature pbsktkbes `ra ke `llbrm`ela wktf `ppckl`dca t`x c`ws. ^a `mgust tfasa rasarvas ke cknft bo  lf`enken o`lts `em lkrluist`elas, sulf `s tfa lcbsken bo ` t`x `umkt, eaw t`x canksc`tkbe, br tfa lf`ena bo `e astki`ta. ]b tfa axtaet tf`t tfa oke`c t`x butlbia bo tfasa i`ttars ks mkooaraet tf`e tfa `ibuets ralbrmam, sulf mkooaraelas wkcc `ooalt tfa prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas ke tfa parkbm ke wfklf sulf matarike`tkbe ks i`ma. ]fa prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas kelcumas tfa aooalt bo rasarva prbvkskbes `em lf`enas tb rasarvas tf`t `ra lbeskmaram `pprbprk`ta, `s wacc `s tfa rac`tam eat ketarast `em pae`ctkas. ^a ralbrm ` v`cu`t v`cu`tkbe kbe `ccbw`ela `ccbw`ela `n`kest lart`ke bo bur maoarr maoarram am kelbia t`x `ssa `ssats ts ko kt ks ibra ckhacy tf`e ebt tf`t tfbsa `ssats wkcc ebt da ra`ckzam. Ke av`cu`tken bur `dkckty tb ra`ckza bur maoarram kelbia t`x `ssats wa lbeskmar `cc `v`kc`dca pbsktkva `em ean`tkva avkmaela, kelcumken bur bpar`tken rasucts, benbken t`x pc`eeken `em obral`sts bo  outura t`x`dca kelbia be ` gurksmkltkbe dy gurksmkltkbe d`sks. Ke tfa avaet wa wara tb matarikea tf`t wa wbucm da `dca tb ra`ckza tfasa maoarram kelbia t`x `ssats ke tfa outura, wa wbucm i`ha `e `mgustiaet tb tfa v`cu`tkbe `ccbw`ela, wfklf wbucm ramula tfa prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas. ^a kelra`sam bur v`cu`tkbe `ccbw`ela dy $0> ikcckbe ikcc kbe mur murken ken tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::6. 6. ]fk ]fkss kel kelra` ra`sa sa ks i`k i`kecy ecy `tt `ttrkdu rkdut`d t`dca ca tb ket ketare are`tk `tkbe` be`cc eat bpar`tken cbss l`rryobrw`rms. Nbbmwkcc.  Nbbmwkcc ks ebt `ibrtkzam, dut ks tastam obr kip`kriaet be `e `eeu`c d`sks `em datwaae `eeu`c tasts ke

lart`ke lkrluist`elas. ]fa parobri`ela bo tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet tast kevbcvas ` twb-stap prblass. ]fa okrst stap kevbcvas lbip`rken tfa o`kr v`cua bo bur rapbrtken uekts tb tfakr l`rryken v`cuas, kelcumken nbbmwkcc. Ko tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa rapbrtken uekt axlaams kts o`kr v`cua, tfa salbem stap bo tfa tast ks parobriam dy lbip`rken tfa l`rryken l`rryken v`cua bo tfa nbbmwkcc nbbmwkcc ke tfa rapbrtke rapbrtken n uek uektt tb kts kipckam kipckam o`k o`krr v`c v`cua. ua. @e kip kip`kr `kriae iaett lf` lf`rna rna ks ralbnekzam obr tfa axlass bo tfa l`rryken v`cua bo nbbmwkcc bvar kts kipckam o`kr v`cua. Bur rapbrtken uekts `ra d`sam be nabnr`pfy, aktfar `t tfa bpar`tken saniaet cavac br bea cavac dacbw bpar`tken saniaets. ]fa o`kr v`cuas bo bur rapbrtken uekts `ra astki`tam usken `e `var`na bo ` i`rhat `pprb`lf `em `e kelbia kel bia `pprb`lf `pprb`lf `s tfk tfkss lbi lbidke dke`tk `tkbe be ks maa maaiam iam tb da tfa ibst kemkl`tkv kemkl`tkvaa bo bur o`kr v`c v`cua ua ke `e brmarcy brmarcy tr`es`ltkbe datwaae i`rhat p`rtklkp`ets `em ks lbeskstaet wktf tfa iatfbmbcbny usam obr tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet tast ke tfa prkbr ya`r. Ke `mmktkbe, wa aesura tf`t tfa o`kr v`cuas astki`tam uemar tfasa twb `pprb`lfas `ra lbesks lbe skstae taett wkt wktf f a`l a`lf f btfa btfar. r. Qem Qemar ar tfa i`r i`rhat hat `pp `pprb` rb`lf, lf, wa utk utkckz ckzaa pud pudckl cklcy-t cy-tr`m r`mam am lbi lbip`r p`r`dc `dcaa lbi lbip`e p`ey y keobri`tkbe tb matarikea ravaeua `em a`rekens iuctkpcas tf`t `ra usam tb v`cua bur rapbrtken uekts `mgustam obr `e astki`tam lbetrbc praikui. Qemar tfa kelbia `pprb`lf, wa matarikea o`kr v`cua d`sam be astki`tam outura l`sf =;

 

ocbws bo a`lf rapbrtken uekt mkslbuetam dy `e astki`tam waknftam-`var`na lbst bo l`pkt`c, raocaltken tfa bvar`cc cavac cav ac bo kefa kefarae raett rks rksh h bo ` rap rapbrt brtken ken uekt `em tfa r`t r`taa bo rat rature ure `e but butskm skmaa kev kevast astbr br wbu wbucm cm axp axpalt alt tb a`r a`re. e. Matarikeken Matari keken tfa o`kr v`cua bo ` rapbrtken uekt ks gumnia gumniaet`c et`c ke e`tura `em raqukras tfa usa bo sknekokl`et sknekokl`et astki`tas `em `ssuiptkbes, kelcumken sacaltkbe bo i`rhat lbip`r`dcas, astki`tam outura l`sf ocbws, `em mkslbuet r`tas. ]fasa lbipbeaets `ra mkslussam dacbw7 •   I`rhat lbip`r`dcas ^a sac sacalt alt lbi lbip`r p`r`dc `dcaa lbi lbip`e p`ekas kas ke tfa spa spalko lkokl kl ran rankbes kbes ke wfk wfklf lf bur rap rapbrtk brtken en uek uekts ts bpa bpar`t r`taa d`s d`sam am be skikc` ski kc`rkt rkty y bo typ typaa bo dus duskea keass, ss, prk prki`r i`rkcy kcy tfb tfbsa sa kev kevbcv bcvam am ke bec beckea kea `mv `mvart artksk ksken, en, `em rac rac`tk `tkva va skz skzaa bo tfb tfbsa sa lbip`ekas lbip`ram tb bur rapbrtken uekts. ]r`kcken `em obrw`rm ravaeua `em a`rekens iuctkpcas markvam orbi tfasa lbip`r`dca lbip`ekas `ra `ppckam tb oke`elk`c iatrkls bo a`lf rapbrtken uekt tb matarikea tfakr astki`tam o`kr v`cuas. •   Astki`tam outura l`sf ocbws ^a d`sa l`sf ocbw prbgaltkbes obr a`lf rapbrtken uekt usken ` okva-ya`r obral`st bo oraa l`sf ocbws `em ` tarike`c v`cua d`sam be tfa Zarpatukty Nrbwtf Ibmac. ]fa okva-ya`r obral`st `em rac`tam `ssuiptkbes wara markvam orbi tfa ibst ralaet `eeu`c oke`elk`c obral`st obr wfklf tfa pc`eeken prblass lbiiaelam ke bur oburtf qu`rtar. Hay `ssuiptkbes ke astki`tken outura l`sf ocbws kelcuma, `iben btfar ktais, ravaeua `em bpar`tken axpaesa nrbwtf r`tas, tarike`c v`cua nrbwtf r`ta, `em l`pkt`c axpaemktura `em wbrhken l`pkt`c cavacs. \knekokl`et i`e`naiaet gumniaet ks kevbcvam ke matarikeken tfasa `ssuiptkbes. •   Mkslbuet r`tas ^a aipcby ` ^aknftam @var`na Lbst bo L`pkt`c (–^@LL’) `pprb`lf tb matarikea tfa mkslbuet r`tas usam ke bur l`sf ocbw prbgaltkbes. ]fa matarike`tkbe bo tfa mkslbuet r`tas obr a`lf rapbrtken uekt kelcumas o`ltbrs sulf `s tfa rksh-oraa r`ta bo rature `em tfa rature `e butskma kevastbr wbucm axpalt tb a`re d`sam be tfa bvar`cc cavac bo  kefaraet rksh. ]fa matarike`tkbe bo axpaltam ratures kelcumas lbeskmar`tkbe bo tfa dat` (` ia`sura bo rksh) bo  tr`mam salurktkas bo lbip`r`dca lbip`ekas. ]fa mkslbuet r`tas usam ke tfks ya`r‛s nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet tast wara fknfar tf`e tfa prkbr ya`r tb t`ha ketb `llbuet tfa kelra`sam rksh bo `lfkavken obral`sts nkvae tfa prav`kcken i`lrbalbebikl `em l`pkt`c i`rhat lbemktkbes. @ twb parlaet kelra`sa br malra`sa ke tfa mkslbuet r`tas ke a`lf bo  tfa rapbrtken uekts wbucm ebt `ooalt tfa butlbias bo tfa okrst stap bo tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet tast. ]fa sui bo tfa o`kr v`cuas bo bur rapbrtken uekts ks ralbelkcam tb bur i`rhat l`pkt`ckz`tkbe `mgustam obr `e astki`tam lbetrbc praikui. ^a bur `eeu`c kip`kriaet `s bo Bltbdar <0, uekt, 4::6 axlaamam `em matarikeam tf`t tfa o`kr v`cuas bur lbemultam rapbrtken uekts, wktf nbbmwkcc tfa axlaptkbe bo bur tast Aurbpa`e rapbrtken tfakr l`rryken v`cuas dybo  ` sknekokl`et i`rnke `em tfaraobra nbbmwkcc ke tfbsa rapbrtken uekts w`s ebt kip`kram. ^a lbelcumam tf`t tfa l`rryken v`cua bo bur Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt axlaamam kts o`kr v`cua `em ralbrmam ` nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna bo `pprbxki`tacy $=66 ikcckbe. \aa Ebta 1”–Nbbmwkcc’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. \knekokl`et lf`enas ke tfasa astki`tas `em `ssuiptkbes lbucm i`tark`ccy `ooalt tfa matarike`tkbe bo o`kr v`cua obr a`lf rapbrtken uekt wfklf lbucm trknnar outura kip`kriaet. `ibrtk rtkza za ket ket`en `enkdc kdcaa `ss `ssats ats bva bvarr tfa tfakr kr ast astki` ki`tam tam usa usaouc ouc ckv ckvas. as. Kma Kmaetk etkok` ok`dca dca `ib `ibrtk rtkz`d z`dca ca  Ket`enkdca @ssats. ^a `ib ket`enkdca `ssats `ra ravkawam obr kip`kriaet wfaeavar avaets br lf`enas ke lkrluist`elas kemkl`ta tf`t tfa l`rryk l`r ryken en v`c v`cua ua i`y ebt da ral ralbva bvar`d r`dca. ca. Mat Matari arike` ke`tkbe tkbe bo ral ralbva bvar`d r`dkck kckty ty ks d`s d`sam am be tfa cbw cbwast ast cav cavac ac bo  kmaetkok`dca astki`tam uemkslbuetam outura l`sf ocbws rasuctken orbi usa bo tfa `ssat `em kts avaetu`c mkspbsktkbe. Ia`suraiaet bo `ey kip`kriaet cbss ks d`sam be tfa axlass bo tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa `ssat bvar kts o`kr v`cua. O`kr v`cua ks matarikeam d`sam be tfa cbwast cavac bo kmaetkok`dca astki`tam outura l`sf ocbws usken mkslbuet r`tas 1:

 

matarikeam dy bur i`e`naiaet tb da lbiiaesur`ta wktf tfa rksh kefaraet ke bur duskeass ibmac. Bur astki`tas bo outura l`sf ocbws `ttrkdut`dca tb bur ket`enkdca `ssats raqukra sknekokl`et gumniaet d`sam be bur fkstbrkl`c `em `etklkp`tam rasucts `em `ra sudgalt tb i`ey o`ltbrs. Mkooaraet `ssuiptkbes `em gumniaets lbucm i`tark`ccy `ooalt astki`tam outura l`sf ocbws rac`tken tb bur ket`enkdca `ssats wfklf lbucm trknnar kip`kriaet. Eb kip`kriaets bo  ket`enkdca `ssats wara kmaetkokam murken `ey bo tfa parkbms prasaetam.  Kevastiaets ke Aqukty Ketarasts.  ^a `llbuet obr kevastiaets ke tfa lbiibe stblh bo aetktkas ke wfklf wa f`va

tfa `dkckty tb axarlksa sknekokl`et keocuaela dut mb ebt bwe ` i`gbrkty aqukty ketarast br btfarwksa lbetrbc usken tfa aqukty iatfbm. Ke `llbuetken obr tfasa kevastiaets wa ralbrm bur prbpbrtkbe`ta sf`ra bo tfa aetktkas‛ eat kelbia br cbss, bea qu`rtar ke `rra`rs. ^a ravkaw bur kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts obr kip`kriaet wfaeavar avaets br lf`enas ke duskeass lkrluist`elas kemkl`ta tf`t tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa kevastiaet i`y ebt da ouccy ralbvar`dca. Kevastiaets kmaetkokam `s f`vken `e kemkl`tkbe bo kip`kriaet `ra sudgalt tb ourtfar `e`cysks tb matarikea ko tfa kip`kriaet ks btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry `em tfks `e`cysks raqukras astki`tken tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa kevastiaet. ]fa matarike`tkbe bo o`kr v`cua bo tfa kevastiaet kevbcvas lbeskmarken o`ltbrs sulf `s tfa stblh prklas bo pudckl lbip`ekas ke wfklf wa f`va `e aqukty kevastiaet, lurraet albebikl `em i`rhat lbemktkbes, tfa bpar`tken parobri`ela bo tfa lbip`ekas, kelcumken lurraet a`rekens traems `em obral`stam l`sf ocbws, `em btfar lbip`ey `em kemustry spalkokl keobri`tkbe. ]fa o`kr v`cua matarike`tkbe, p`rtkluc`rcy obr kevastiaets ke prkv`tacy-facm lbip`ekas, raqukras sknekokl`et gumniaet tb matarikea `pprbprk`ta astki`tas `em `ssuip `ss uiptkb tkbes. es. Lf` Lf`ena enass ke tfa tfasa sa as astki tki`ta `tass `em `ss `ssuip uiptkb tkbes es lbu lbucm cm `oo `ooalt alt tfa l`c l`cluc luc`tk `tkbe be bo tfa o`k o`krr v` v`cua cua bo tfa kevastiaets `em tfa matarike`tkbe bo wfatfar `ey kmaetkokam kip`kriaet ks btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry. \tblh-D`s \tbl h-D`sam am Lbip Lbipaes aes`tkbe `tkbe Axpa Axpaesa. esa.   Aooalt Aooaltkva kva G` G`eu` eu`ry ry 0, 4:: 4::?, ?, wa `m `mbpt bptam am \O@ \O@\ \ 04< 04<T T usk usken en tfa ibm ibmkok kokam am

prbspaltkva iatfbm `em tfaraobra f`va ebt rast`tam prkbr parkbms‛ rasucts. Qemar tfa o`kr v`cua ralbnektkbe prbvkskbes bo  \O@\ 04<T, wa ralbnekza stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa eat bo `e astki`tam obroaktura r`ta `em tfaraobra becy ralbnekza lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa obr tfbsa sf`ras axpaltam tb vast bvar tfa sarvkla parkbm bo tfa `w`rm. L`cluc`tken stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa raqukras tfa keput bo fknfcy sudgaltkva `ssuiptkbes, kelcumken tfa axpaltam tari bo tfa stblh-d`sam bptkbes, stblh prkla vbc`tkckty, `em tfa pra-vastken `w`rm obroaktura r`ta. ^a astki` ast ki`ta ta tfa axp axpalt altam am ckoa bo bpt bptkbe kbess nr` nr`eta etam m d`s d`sam am be fks fkstbr tbrkl` kl`cc axa axarlk rlksa sa p`t p`ttar tares, es, wfk wfklf lf wa dac dackav kavaa `ra raprasaet`tkva bo outura daf`vkbr. ^a astki`ta tfa vbc`tkckty bo bur lbiibe stblh be tfa m`ta bo nr`et d`sam be tfa kipckam vbc`tkckty bo pudcklcy tr`mam bptkbes be bur lbiibe stblh, wktf ` tari bo bea ya`r br nra`tar. ^a dackava tf`t kipckam vbc`tkckty l`cluc`tam d`sam be `ltkvacy tr`mam bptkbes be bur lbiibe stblh ks ` dattar kemkl` kem kl`tbr tbr bo axp axpalt altam am vbc vbc`tk `tkckty ckty `em outu outura ra stb stblh lh prk prkla la tra traems ems tf` tf`e e fks fkstbrk tbrkl`c l`c vbc vbc`tk `tkckty ckty.. ]fa ]farao raobra bra,, axp axpalt altam am vbc` vb c`tk tkckt ckty y ob obrr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6 w` w`ss d` d`sa sam m be ` i` i`rh rhat at-d -d`s `sam am ki kipck pckam am vb vbc` c`tk tkck ckty ty.. ]f ]faa `ssuiptkbes usam ke l`cluc`tken tfa o`kr v`cua bo stblh-d`sam `w`rms raprasaet bur dast astki`tas, dut tfasa astki`tas kevbcva kefaraet uelart`ketkas `em tfa `ppckl`tkbe bo i`e`naiaet gumniaet. @s ` rasuct, ko o`ltbrs lf`ena `em wa usa mkooaraet `ssuiptkbes, bur stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa lbucm da i`tark`ccy mkooaraet ke tfa outura. Ke `mmktkbe, wa `ra raqukram tb astki`ta tfa axpaltam pra-vastken `w`rm obroaktura r`ta, `s wacc `s tfa prbd`dkckty tf`t parobri`ela lbemktkbes tf`t `ooalt tfa vastken bo lart`ke `w`rms wkcc da `lfkavam, `em becy ralbne ral bnekza kza axp axpaes aesaa obr tfb tfbsa sa sf` sf`ras ras axp axpalt altam am tb vas vast. t. ^a ast astki` ki`ta ta tfk tfkss obro obroakt aktura ura r`t r`taa d`s d`sam am be fks fkstbr tbrkl` kl`cc axparkaela bo bur stblh-d`sam `w`rms tf`t `ra nr`etam `em l`elaccam. Ko bur `ltu`c obroaktura r`ta ks i`tark`ccy mkooaraet orbi bur brknke`c astki`tas, tfa stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa lbucm da sknekokl`etcy mkooaraet orbi wf`t wa f`va ralbrmam ke tfa lurraet parkbm. Lf`enas ke tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta l`e f`va ` sknekokl`et aooalt be rapbrtam stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa, `s tfa aooalt bo `mgustken tfa obroaktura r`ta obr `cc lurraet `em pravkbuscy ralbnekzam axpaesa obr uevastam `w`rms ks ralbnekzam ke tfa parkbm tfa obroaktura astki`ta ks lf`enam. Ke `mmktkbe, dal`usa i`ey bo bur stblh-d`sam `w`rms f`va vastken slfamucas bo twb br tfraa ya`rs lckoo vasts, ` skneko skn ekokl` kl`et et lf` lf`ena ena ke bur `lt `ltu`c u`c br axp axpalt altam am obro obroakt aktura ura axp axpark arkael aelaa wkc wkccc ras rasuct uct ke tfa rav ravars ars`c `c bo stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am lbipaes`tkbe wfklf w`s ralbrmam ke prkbr ya`rs obr `cc uevastam `w`rms. Ko tfa `ltu`c obroaktura r`ta ks fknfar tf`e tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta, tfae `e `mgustiaet wkcc da i`ma tb kelra`sa tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta, wfklf wkcc rasuct ke ` malra`sa tb tfa axpaesa ralbnekzam ke tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. Ko tfa `ltu`c obroaktura r`ta ks cbwar tf`e tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta, tfae `e `mgustiaet wkcc da i`ma tb cbwar tfa astki`tam obroaktura 10

 

r`ta, wfklf wkcc rasuct ke `e kelra`sa tb tfa axpaesa ralbnekzam ke tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. \aa Ebta 04”–Aipcbyaa Daeaokts’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe.  Talaet @llbuetken Zrbebuelaiaets.   \aa Ebt Ebtaa 0”– 0”–]fa ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y `em \uii \uii`ry `ry bo \kn \kneko ekokl` kl`et et @ll @llbue buetke tken n

Zbcklkas’ ke tfa Ebtas tb tfa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets.

Ktai >@.   Pu`etkt`tkva `em Pu`ckt`tkva Mkslcbsuras Mkslcbsuras @dbut I`rhat I`rhat Tksh ^a `ra axpbsam tb tfa kip`lt bo ketarast r`ta lf`enas, obrakne lurraely axlf`ena r`ta ocultu`tkbes, `em lf`enas ke tfa i`rhat v`cuas bo bur kevastiaets.  Ketarast T`ta Tksh.   Bur axpbsura axpbsura tb i`r i`rhat hat r`ta rks rksh h obr lf` lf`ena enass ke ket ketara arast st r`t r`tas as rac rac`ta `tass prki prki`rk `rkcy cy tb bur

kevastiaet pbrtobckb. ^a kevast axlass l`sf ke ibeay i`rhat ouems `em ckqukm i`rhat`dca madt kestruiaets bo tfa Q.\. Nbvareiaet `em kts `naelkas, st`ta iueklkp`cktkas, `em ke fknf-qu`ckty lbrpbr`ta kssuars. Kevastiaets ke dbtf okxam r`ta `em ocb`tken r`ta ketarast a`reken kestruiaets l`rry ` manraa bo ketarast r`ta rksh. Okxam r`ta salurktkas i`y f`va tfakr o`kr i`rhat v`cua `mvarsacy kip`ltam mua tb ` rksa ke ketarast r`tas, wfkca ocb`tken r`ta salurktkas i`y prbmula cass kelbia tf`e axpaltam ko ketarast r`tas o`cc. Mua ke p`rt tb tfasa o`ltbrs, bur outura kevastiaet kelbia i`y o`cc sfbrt bo axpalt`tkbes mua tb lf`enas ke ketarast r`tas br wa i`y suooar cbssas ke prkelkp`c ko obrlam tb sacc salurktkas wfklf f`va malckeam ke i`rhat v`cua mua tb lf`enas ke ketarast r`tas. @s bo Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6 `e `em m 4: 4::> :>,, wa f` f`m m kev kevas asti tiae aets ts ke sf sfbr brtt-ta tari ri i` i`rh rhat at`d `dca ca ma madt dt sa salu lurk rktka tkass bo  `pprbxki`tacy $0.4 dkcckbe `em $=66 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. \ulf kevastiaets f`m ` waknftam-`var`na ykacm bo  `pprbxki`tacy 0.4 parlaet `em =.1 parlaet, raspaltkvacy. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em 4::>, wa f`m kevastiaets ke cbe cben-t n-tari ari i`r i`rhat hat`dc `dcaa mad madtt sal salurk urktka tkass bo `pp `pprbx rbxki` ki`tac tacy y $>: ikc ikcckb ckbe e `em $<? $<?4 4 ikc ikcckb ckbe, e, ras raspal paltkv tkvacy acy.. \ul \ulf f keva ke vast stia iaet etss f` f`m m ` wa wakn knft ftam am `v `var ar`n `naa yk ykac acm m bo `p `ppr prbx bxki` ki`ta tacy cy =. =.: : pa parl rlae aett `e `em m 1. 1.: : pa parl rlae aet, t, ra rasp spal altk tkva vacy cy.. @ fypbtfatkl`c 0:: d`sks pbket kelra`sa ke ketarast r`tas wbucm rasuct ke `e `pprbxki`ta $4 ikcckbe `em $= ikcckbe malra`sa (`pprbxki`tacy 0 parlaet), raspaltkvacy, ke tfa o`kr v`cua bo bur `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca madt salurktkas `s bo  Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em 4::>. Obrakne Lurraely Tksh.  Ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas `llbuetam obr `pprbxki`tacy 46 parlaet bo tbt`c ravaeuas murken

4::6 `em <4 parlaet bo tbt`c ravaeuas murken dbtf 4::> `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. Ketare`tkbe`c ravaeuas ke 4::6 malra`sam $44= ikcckbe, br 0: parlaet, `s lbip`ram tb 4::>. Tavaeuas `em rac`tam axpaesas naear`tam orbi bur ketare`tkbe`c sudskmk`rkas `ra naear`ccy maebike`tam ke tfa lurraelkas bo tfa cbl`c lbuetrkas. Zrki`ry lurraelkas kelcuma @ustr`ck`e Mbcc`rs, Drktksf Zbuems, Aurbs, Hbra`e ^be, `em ]`kw`e Mbcc`rs. ]fa st`taiaets bo kelbia bo bur ketare` ketare`tkbe`c tkbe`c bpar`tkbes bpar`tkbes `ra tr`esc tr`esc`tam `tam ketb Q.\. mbcc`rs `t axlf` axlf`ena ena r`tas kemkl`tkva bo i`rhat r`tas murken a`lf `ppckl`dca parkbm. ]b tfa axtaet tfa Q.\. mbcc`r straentfaes `n`kest obrakne lurraelkas, tfa tr`esc`tkbe bo  tfasa obrakne lurraely-maebike`tam tr`es`ltkbes rasucts ke ramulam ravaeuas, bpar`tken axpaesas, `em eat kelbia obr bur Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet. \kikc`rcy, bur ravaeuas, bpar`tken axpaesas, `em eat kelbia wkcc kelra`sa obr bur Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet ko tfa Q.\. mbcc`r wa`haes `n`kest obrakne lurraelkas. Qsken tfa obrakne lurraely axlf`ena r`tas orbi 4::>, bur ketare`tkbe`c ketare`tkbe`c ravae ravaeuas uas obr 4::6 wbucm f`va daae fknfar tf`e wa rapbrt rapbrtam am dy `pprbx `pprbxki`tac ki`tacy y $<4 ikcckbe `em bur Ketare` Ketare`tkbe`c tkbe`c saniaet bpar`tken cbss daobra mapralk`tkbe, mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa wbucm f`va daae fknfar tf`e wa rapbrtam dy $04: ikcckbe (wfklf kelcumas $;? ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet). ^a `ra `csb axpbsam tb obrakne axlf`ena r`ta ocultu`tkbes `s wa lbevart tfa oke`elk`c st`taiaets bo bur obrakne sudskmk`rkas `em bur kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts ketb Q.\. mbcc`rs ke lbesbckm`tkbe. Ko tfara ks ` lf`ena ke obrakne lurraely axlf`ena axlf`ena r`tas, tfa lbevarskbe bo tfa obrakne sudskmk`rkas‛ sudskmk`rkas‛ oke`elk`c st`taiaets st`taiaets ketb Q.\. mbcc`rs rasucts ke ` n`ke br cbss wfklf ks ralbrmam `s ` lbipbeaet bo `lluiuc`tam btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia wfklf ks p`rt bo  stblhfbcmars‛ aqukty. Ke `mmktkbe, wa f`va lart`ke `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas tf`t `ra maebike`tam ke lurraelkas btfar tf`e tfa raspaltkva aetkty‛s oueltkbe`c lurraely. Lf`enas ke tfa oueltkbe`c lurraely v`cua bo tfasa `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas lra`ta ocultu`tkbes tf`t wkcc ca`m tb ` n`ke br cbss. ^a ralbrmam obrakne lurraely tr`es`ltkbe n`kes `em cbssas, ra`ckzam `em uera`ckzam, ke btfar kelbia, eat be tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo kelbia, bo `pprbxki`tacy $41 ikcckbe bo eat cbssas ke 4::6 `em eat n`kes bo $> ikcckbe `em $1 ikcckbe ke 4::> `em 4::?, raspaltkvacy. 14

 

 Kevastiaet Tksh.   ^a `r `raa ax axpb pbsa sam m tb ke keva vast stia iaet et rk rksh sh `s kt ra rac` c`ta tass tb lf lf`e `ena nass ke tf tfaa i` i`rh rhat at v` v`cu cuaa bo bu burr

kevastiaets. ^a kevast axlass l`sf ke i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas `em str`tankl pudckl aqukty kevastiaets. Bur l`s l`sf f `em mad madtt keva kevasti stiaet aet pbc pbckly kly `em str str`ta `tany ny `tt `ttaip aipts ts prk prki`r i`rkcy kcy tb pra prasar sarva va l`p l`pkt` kt`cc `em iaa iaatt ckqu ckqukmk kmkty ty raqukraiaets. @ pbrtkbe bo bur l`sf ks i`e`nam dy axtare`c i`e`nars wktfke tfa nukmackeas bo bur kevastiaet pbckly. Bur kevastiaet pbckly ckikts tfa `ibuet bo lramkt axpbsura tb `ey bea lbrpbr`ta kssuar. ^a prbtalt `em prasarva kevastam ouems dy ckiktken mao`uct, i`rhat, `em rakevastiaet rksh. ]b `lfkava tfks bdgaltkva, wa i`ket`ke bur pbrtobckb bo l`sf `em l`sf aqukv`caets `em sfbrt-tari `em cben-tari kevastiaets ke ` v`rkaty bo ckqukm okxam kelbia kel bia sal salurkt urktkas kas,, kel kelcum cumken ken dbt dbtf f nbv nbvare areiae iaett `em lbr lbrpbr` pbr`ta ta bdc bdckn` kn`tkb tkbes es `em ibe ibeay ay i`r i`rhat hat oue ouems. ms. @s bo  Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em 4::>, eat uera`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas be tfasa kevastiaets wara ebt i`tark`c. ^a kevast ke aqukty kestruiaets bo pudckl lbip`ekas obr duskeass `em str`tankl purpbsas `em f`va lc`sskokam tfasa salurktkas salurk tkas `s `v`kc `v`kc`dca-o `dca-obr-s`c br-s`caa br kevas kevastiaet tiaet ke aqukty ketarasts. ketarasts. ]fasa kevas kevastiaets tiaets i`y da sudgalt tb skneko sknekokl`et kl`et ocultu`tkbes ke o`kr v`cua mua tb tfa vbc`tkckty bo tfa stblh i`rhat `em tfa kemustrkas ke wfklf tfasa lbip`ekas p`rtklkp`ta. ^a f`va ra`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas orbi tfa s`ca bo `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca kevastiaets, wfklf wara ebt i`tark`c `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em 4::>. Bur kevastiaets ke `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca aqukty salurktkas `ibuetam tb $6> ikcckbe `em $04? ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em 4::>. Bur bdgaltkva ke i`e`nken axpbsura tb stblh i`rhat ocultu`tkbes ks tb ikekikza tfa kip`lt bo stblh i`rhat malckeas tb a`rekens `em l`sf ocbws. Qsken ` fypbtf fypbtfatkl`c atkl`c ramultkbe ramultkbe bo 0: parlaet ke tfa stblh prkla bo tfasa `v`kc`dca-obr-s` `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca ca kevastiaets, kevastiaets, tfa o`kr v`cua bo bur aqukty kevastiaets wbucm malra`sa dy `pprbxki`tacy $; ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em $0< ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::>. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, wa ralbrmam `e btfar-tf`etaipbr`ry kip`kriaet lf`rna bo $<: ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, wktfke a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts tb ramula tfa l`rryken v`cua bo bur mkralt kevastiaet ke @ckd`d`.lbi tb o`kr v`cua.

1<

 

Ktai 6 .

Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets \ t`taiaets `em \uppcaiaet`ry M`t` Z`na

 Kemax ]b ] b Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets

Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets7 Tapbrt Tap brt bo bo Kemapa Kemapaema emaet et Tanks Tankstar taram am Zudck Zudckll @llbue @llbuetke tken n Okri Okri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo Kelbia obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbesbckm` Lbesbc km`tam tam D`c` D`c`ela ela \faa \faats ts `s bo bo Malaid Malaidar ar <0, <0, 4::> 4::> `em 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo L`sf Ocbws obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo \tblhfbcmars‛ Aqukty obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ebtas Ebt as tb Lbe Lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam Oke` Oke`elk elk`c `c \t`ta \t`taiae iaets ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oke`elk`c \t`taiaet \lfamucas7 KK”_`cu`tkbe `em Pu`ckoyken @llbuets obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @cc btfar slfamucas `ra bikttam dal`usa tfay `ra ebt `ppckl`dca br tfa raqukram keobri`tkbe ks sfbwe ke tfa Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets br Ebtas tfaratb \uppcaiaet`ry Oke`elk`c M`t`7 \acaltam \acalt am Pu`rtarcy Pu`rtarcy Oke`el Oke`elk`c k`c M`t` M`t` (ue`umkta (ue`umktam) m) obr tfa tfa twb ya`rs aemam Malai Malaidar dar <0, <0, 4::6 . . . . . . . .

1=

11 1? 1> 16 ?: ?4

00: 00 :

000

 

Tapbrt bo Kemapaemaet Tankstaram Zudckl @llbuetken Okri ]b tfa Db`rm bo Mkraltbrs `em \tblhfbcmars bo [`fbb! Kel.7 Ke bur bpke bpkekbe, kbe, tfa lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam oke oke`el `elk`c k`c st` st`tai taiaet aetss cks ckstam tam ke tfa `ll `llbip bip`ey `eyken ken kem kemax ax pra prasae saett o`kr o`krcy, cy, ke `cc i`ta i` tark rk`c `c ra rasp spal alts ts,, tf tfaa ok oke` e`el elk` k`cc pb pbsk sktk tkbe be bo [` [`fb fbb! b! Ke Kel. l. `e `em m kts su suds dskm kmk` k`rka rkass `t Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::> :> `e `em m Malaidar <0, 4::6, `em tfa rasucts bo tfakr bpar`tkbes `em tfakr l`sf ocbws obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 ke lbeobrikty wktf `llbuetken prkelkpcas naear`ccy `llaptam ke tfa Qektam \t`tas bo @iarkl @iarkl`. `. Ke `mmkt `mmktkbe, kbe, ke bur bpkekbe, tfa oke`el oke`elk`c k`c st`taiaet slfamuca slfamuca cksta ckstam m ke tfa `llbi `llbip`eyke p`eyken n kemax prasaets o`krcy, ke `cc i`tark`c raspalts, tfa keobri`tkbe sat obrtf tfarake wfae ra`m ke lbegueltkbe wktf tfa rac`tam lbesbc lbe sbckm` km`tam tam oke` oke`elk elk`c `c st` st`tai taiaet aets. s. @cs @csb b ke bur bpk bpkekb ekbe, e, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y i`k i`ket` et`kea keam, m, ke `cc i`t i`tark ark`c `c ras raspal palts, ts, aooaltkva ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, d`sam be lrktark` ast`dcksfam ke   kssuam dy tfa Lbiikttaa bo \pbesbrken Brn`ekz`tkbes bo tfa ]ra`mw`y  Ketare`c Lbetrbc”Ketanr`tam Or`iawbrh  O r`iawbrh  kssuam Lbiiksskbe (LB\B). ]fa Lbip`ey‛s i`e`naiaet ks raspbeskdca obr tfasa oke`elk`c st`taiaets `em oke`elk`c st`taiaet slfamuca, obr i`ket`keken aooaltkva ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken `em obr kts `ssassiaet bo  tfa aooaltkvaeass aooaltkvaeass bo ketare` ketare`cc lbetrb lbetrbcc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken, rapbrtken, kelcum kelcumam am ke I`e`n I`e`naiaet aiaet‛s ‛s Tapbr Tapbrtt be Ketare`c Lbetrbc Bvar Oke`elk`c Tapbrtken `ppa`rken uemar Ktai ;@. Bur raspbeskdkckty ks tb axprass bpkekbes be tfasa oke`elk`c st`taiaets, be tfa oke`elk`c st`taiaet slfamuca, `em be tfa Lbip`ey‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken rapbrtk en d`sam be bur ketanr`tam `umkts. `umkts. ^a lbemultam bur `umkts ke `llbr `llbrm`ela m`ela wktf tfa st`em st`em`rms `rms bo tfa Zudckl Lbip`ey @llbuetken Bvarsknft Db`rm (Qektam \t`tas). ]fbsa st`em`rms raqukra tf`t wa pc`e `em parobri tfa `umkts tb bdt`ke ra`sbe`dca `ssur`ela `dbut wfatfar tfa oke`elk`c st`taiaets `ra oraa bo i`tark`c iksst`taiaet `em wfatfar aooaltkva ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken w`s i`ket`keam ke `cc i`tark`c raspalts. Bur `umkts bo tfa oke`elk`c st`taiaets st`taiaets kelcum kelcumam am ax`ik ax`ikeken, eken, be ` tast d`sks, avkmaela suppbrtken suppbrtken tfa `ibuets `em mkslcb mkslcbsuras suras ke tfa oke` oke`elk elk`c `c st` st`tai taiaet aets, s, `ss `ssass assken ken tfa `ll `llbue buetke tken n prk prkelk elkpca pcass usa usam m `em skn skneko ekokl` kl`et et ast astki` ki`tas tas i`m i`maa dy i`e`naiaet, i`e`na iaet, `em av`cu` av`cu`tken tken tfa bvar`c bvar`ccc oke`el oke`elk`c k`c st`taiaet prasaet`tkbe. prasaet`tkbe. Bur `umkt bo ketare ketare`c `c lbetrb lbetrbcc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken kelcumam bdt`keken `e uemarst`emken bo ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken, `ssassken tfa rksh tf`t ` i`tark i`tark`c `c wa`heass axksts, `em tastken `em av`cu` av`cu`tken tken tfa maskn maskne e `em bpar`tken aooaltkvaeas aooaltkvaeasss bo ketare`c lbetrbc d`sam be tfa `ssassam rksh. Bur `umkts `csb kelcumam parobriken sulf btfar prblamuras `s wa lbeskmaram ealass`ry ke tfa lkrluist`elas. ^a dackava tf`t bur `umkts prbvkma ` ra`sbe`dca d`sks obr bur bpkekbes. @s mks mkslus lussam sam ke Ebt Ebtaa 0: tb tfa lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam oke` oke`elk elk`c `c st` st`tai taiaet aets, s, aoo aooalt altkva kva G`e G`eu`r u`ry y 0, 4:: 4::>, >, tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey `mbptam tfa prbvkskbes bo O@\D Ketarprat`tkbe Eb. =6, –@llbuetken obr Qelart`kety bo Kelbia ]`xas’. @ lbip`ey‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken ks ` prblass maskneam tb prbvkma ra`sbe`dca `ssur`ela ran`rmken tfa rack`dkckty bo oke`elk`c rapbrtken `em tfa prap`r`tkbe bo oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr axtare`c purpbsas ke `llbrm`ela wktf naear`ccy `llaptam `llbuetken prkelkpcas. @ lbip`ey‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken kelcumas tfbsa pbcklkas `em prblamuras tf`t (k) part`ke tb tfa i`ketae`ela bo ralbrms tf`t, ke ra`sbe`dca mat`kc, `llur`tacy `em o`krcy raocalt tfa tr`es`ltkbes `em mkspbsktkbes bo tfa `ssats bo tfa lbip`ey8 (kk) prbvkma ra`sbe`dca `ssur`ela `ssur `ela tf`t tr`es` tr`es`ltkbe ltkbess `ra ralbrmam `s ealas ealass`ry s`ry tb parikt prap`r`tkbe prap`r`tkbe bo oke`el oke`elk`c k`c st`taiaets ke `llbr `llbrm`ela m`ela wktf naear`ccy `llaptam `llbuetken prkelkpcas, `em tf`t ralakpts `em axpaemkturas bo tfa lbip`ey `ra daken i`ma becy ke `llbrm`ela wktf `utfbrkz`tkbes bo i`e`naiaet `em mkraltbrs bo tfa lbip`ey8 `em (kkk) prbvkma ra`sbe`dca `ssur` `ss ur`ela ela ran ran`rm `rmken ken pra pravae vaetkb tkbe e br tki tkiacy acy mat matalt altkbe kbe bo ue` ue`utf utfbrkz brkzam am `lq `lquks uksktk ktkbe, be, usa usa,, br mks mkspbs pbsktk ktkbe be bo tfa lbip`ey‛s `ssats tf`t lbucm f`va ` i`tark`c aooalt be tfa oke`elk`c st`taiaets. Dal`us Dal` usaa bo kt ktss ke kefa fara raet et ck ckik ikt` t`tk tkbe bes, s, ke keta tare re`c `c lb lbet etrb rbcc bv bvar ar ok oke` e`el elk` k`cc ra rapb pbrtk rtken en i` i`y y eb ebtt pr prav avae aett br ma mata talt lt iksst`taiaets. @csb, prbgaltkbes bo `ey av`cu`tkbe bo aooaltkvaeass tb outura parkbms `ra sudgalt tb tfa rksh tf`t lbetrbcs i`y dalbia ke`maqu`ta dal`usa bo lf`enas ke lbemktkbes, br tf`t tfa manraa bo lbipck`ela wktf tfa pbcklkas br prblamuras i`y matarkbr`ta.  /s/ Zrklaw`tarfbusaLbbpars Z rklaw`tarfbusaLbbpars CCZ \`e Gbsa, 4>, L`ckobrek` Oadru`ry 4::; 11

 

[`fbb! Kel. Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo Kelbia [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

(Ke tfbus`ems, axlapt par sf`ra `ibuets)

Tavaeu Tav aeuas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$?,=41 $?, =41,?> ,?>; ;

$?,;?; $?, ;?;,4> ,4>= =

$>,4:6 $>, 4:6,1: ,1:4 4

Lbst bo ra Lbst rava vaeu euas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nrbs Nr bsss prb prbok oktt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,?>1, 4,?> 1,>4 >4< < <,>= <, >=;, ;,;1 ;1? ?

4,6<6, 4,6< 6,>1 >16 6 =,0< =, 0<:, :,10 10? ?

<,:4<, <,:4 <,<? <?4 4 =,06 =, 061, 1,0= 0=: :

Bpar`tken axpaesas7 \`ca \` cass `em `em i` i`rha rhatk tken en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrbmu Zrb mult lt ma mava vacb cbpi piae aett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Naea Na ear` r`cc `e `em m `m `mik ikek ekst str` r`tk tkva va . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ibr @i brtk tkz` z`tk tkbe be bo ke ket` t`en enkd kdca cass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tastrulturken lf`rnas, eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,<44, 0,<4 4,41 41; ; 6<<, 6< <,0= 0=> > 146, 14 6,>; >;6 6 04=, 04 =,>6 >6? ? ” ”

0,?0:, 0,?0 :,<1 <1> > 0,:6 0, :6=, =,4< 4<6 6 ?<<, ?< <,=< =<0 0 0:>, 0: >,:> :>> > ” ”

0,1?<, 0,1? <,<0 <0< < 0,44 0, 440, 0,>6 >6> > >:1, >: 1,0< 0<? ? 6>,1 6> ,11: 1: 0:?,61= =6>,1<>

]bt` ]b t`cc bpa bpar` r`tke tken n axp axpae aesa sass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,6: 4, 6:6, 6,;; ;;: :

<,=< <, =<1, 1,0: 0:< <

=,0> =, 0>4, 4,0> 0>> >

Kelbi Kel biaa or orbi bi bp bpar ar`t `tkb kbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr ke kellbi bia, a, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

;=:,;? ;=:, ;?? ? 01>, 01 >,:< :<= =

?;1,=0 ?;1, =0< < 01=, 01 =,:0 :00 0

04,;?< 04,; ?< 64,6 64 ,6<6 <6

0,:;6, 0,:; 6,:: ::: : (=16 (= 16,: ,:00 00)) 004, 00 4,00 00= = (>04 (> 04))

6=;, 6= ;,=4 =4= = (<<>,4 (<<> ,4?< ?<)) 01:, 01 :,?6 ?6; ; (4,6 (4 ,61: 1:))

;1,6 ;1 ,6:0 :0 (4?4,>0 (4?4, >0>) >) 1;?, 1; ?,;> ;>; ; (1,> (1 ,>?1 ?1))

Kelbia daobra prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas, a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts, `em `e m ik ikeb ebrk rkty ty ke keta tara rast stss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrbvksk Zrbvk skbe be ob obrr kel kelbi biaa t`x t`xas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A`re A` reke kens ns ke aq aquk ukty ty ke keta tara rast stss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ikeb Ik ebrk rkty ty ke keta tara rast stss ke bp bpar ar`t `tkb kbes es bo lb lbes esbc bckm km`t `tam am su suds dskm kmk` k`rk rkas as . . . . . . . . . . Eatt kel Ea kelbi biaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ >1 >10, 0,<; <;0 0

$ ?? ??:, :,:: ::: :

$ =4 =4=, =,4; 4;6 6

Eat kelbia par sf`ra ra” ”d`skl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

:.1=

$

:.=;

$

:.<0

Eat kelbia par sf`ra ra” ”mkcu cuta tam m .................................

$

:.14

$

:.=>

$

:.4;

\f`ra \f` rass usa usam m ke ke par par sf sf`r `raa l`c l`clu luc` c`tkb tkbe” e”d` d`sk skll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,<6 0, <66, 6,>= >=0 0

0,<< 0, <<6, 6,;6 ;6> >

0,<? 0, <?;, ;,=> =>? ?

\f`ra \f` rass usa usam m ke ke par par sf sf`r `raa l`c l`clu luc` c`tkb tkbe” e”mk mkcut cutam am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,=1 0, =1>, >,?6 ?6? ?

0,=: 0, =:1, 1,=6 =6? ?

0,=: 0, =::, :,0: 0:0 0

\tblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa dy oueltkbe7 Lbsst bo ra Lb rava vaeu euaas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

?,?4 ?, ?40 0

$

0:,? 0: ,?46 46 $

\` \`ca cassult `em `e i`rh i` rha atk tken en Zrbm Zr bmul t mma mava vacb cbpi piae aett .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Naea Na ear` r`cc `e `em m `mi mike keks kstr tr`t `tkv kvaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tastrulturken axpaesa ravars`cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

01 011, 1,:6 :6= = 0==, 0= =,6: 6:> > 006, 00 6,=0 =06 6 ”

4= 4=?, ?,=> =>4 4 406, 40 6,4: 4:> > ;>,0 ;> ,04: 4: ”

]bt` ]b t`cc stb stblh lh-d -d`s `sam am lb lbip ipae aes` s`tkb tkbe e axp axpae aesa sa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ =4 =4=, =,;< ;<: :

$ 1> 1>4, 4,=4 =4> >

]fa `llbip`eyken ebtas `ra `e ketanr`c p`rt bo tfasa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. 1?

0<,6 0< ,60< 0< 06 064, 4,64 64? ? 0>6, 0> 6,:; :;0 0 ?<,0 ?< ,00< 0< (<:,4<?)

$ =: =:>, >,?: ?:> >

 

[`fbb! Kel. Lbesbckm`tam D`c`ela \faats Malaidar <0, 4::>

4::6

(Ke tfbus`ems, axlapt p`r v`cuas)

@\\A]\ Lurraet `ssats7 L`sf L`s f `em l`s l`sf f aqukv` aqukv`cae caets ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0,1 0,10<, 0<,;<: ;<: $ 4,4 4,4;4, ;4,4;? 4;? \fbrt \f brt-t -tar ari i i`r i`rha hat` t`dc dcaa mad madtt sal salurk urktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =6>, =6 >,1= 1== = 0,01;, 0,01 ;,?; ?;0 0 @llbuets ralakv`dca, eat bo `ccbw`ela bo $=?,140 `em $10,?::, rasp ra spal altk tkva vacy cy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,:11, 0,:1 1,1< 1<4 4 0,:? 0, :?:, :,=1 =1: : Zrap Zr ap`k `km m axp axpae aesa sass `e `em m bt btfa farr lur lurra raet et `s `ssa sats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06:, 06 :,>0 >0? ? 4<<, 4< <,:? :?0 0 ]bt`cc lurr ]bt` lurrae aett `ss `ssat atss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cben Cb en-t -tar ari i i`r i`rha hat` t`dc dcaa mad madtt sa salu lurk rktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrbpa Zrb part rty y `em `em aq aquk ukpi piae aet, t, eat eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nbbm Nb bmwk wkcc cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ket` Ke t`en enkd kdca ca `s `ssa sats ts,, eat eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr cbe cbenn-ta tari ri `s `ssa sats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kevas Kev asti tiae aets ts ke aq aquk ukty ty ket ketar aras asts ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

<,4<>, <,4< >,>4 >44 4 <?0, <? 0,;; ;;6 6 0,<< 0, <<0, 0,?< ?<4 4 =,:: =, ::4, 4,:< :<: : ?00, ?0 0,=; =;> > 1:<, 1: <,;= ;=1 1 4,06 4, 06:, :,;0 ;0> >

=,>= =, >=1, 1,=; =;6 6 ?;,; ?; ,;6? 6? 0,1< 0, 1<?, ?,06 060 0 <,== <, ==:, :,66 66; ; =61, =6 1,6? 6?: : 4<<, 4< <,;6 ;6; ; <,0> <, 0>>, >,== ==1 1

]bt`c ]bt `c `ssat `ssatss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $04 $04,44 ,44;,> ;,>=0 =0

$0<,?6 $0< ,?6;,6 ;,6=6 =6

CK@DKCK]KA\ @EM \]BLHFBCMAT\‛ APQK][ Lurraet ck`dkcktkas7 @llb @l lbue uets ts p` p`y` y`dc dcaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0> 0>?, ?,0? 0?4 4 @llr @l lrua uam m axp axpae aesa sass `em `em bt btfa farr lur lurra raet et ck` ck`dk dkck cktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,::?, 0,:: ?,06 066 6 Maoa Ma oarr rram am ra rava vaeu euaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <?6, <? 6,=> =>: : \fbr \f brtt-ta tari ri ma madt dt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >=;, >= ;,?4 ?46 6 ]bt`cc lurr ]bt` lurrae aett ck` ck`dk dkck cktka tkass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cben Cb en-t -tar ari i mao maoar arra ram m ra rava vaeu euaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L`pk L` pkt` t`cc ca ca`s `saa `e `em m bt btfa farr cb cben en-t -tar ari i ck ck`d `dkc kckt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maoa Ma oarr rram am `e `em m bt btfa farr cbe cbenn-ta tari ri t` t`x x ck ck`d `dkc kckt ktka kas, s, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbiiktiaets `em lbetkenaelkas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ikeb Ik ebrk rkty ty ke keta tara rast stss ke lb lbes esbc bckm km`t `tam am su suds dskm kmk` k`rk rkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \tblhfbcmars‛ aqukty7 Zraoarram butst`emstblh, ken .$:.::0 . . . . . .p`r . . .v`cua8 . . . . . 0:,::: . . . . . . sf`ras . . . . . .`utfbrkzam8 . . . . . . . . . ebea . . . . .kssuam . . . . . br ..... Lbiibe stblh, $:.::0 p`r v`cua8 1,:::,::: sf`ras `utfbrkzam8 0,1<=,6;< `em 0,?::,44: sf`ras kssuam, raspaltkvacy, `em 0,<<:,646 `em 0,<;0,1?: sf`ras buts bu tst` t`em emke ken, n, ra rasp spaalt ltkv kvac acy y ......................................... @mmk @m mktk tkbe be`c `c p`k p`km-k m-ke e l`pk l`pkt` t`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]ra`su ]ra `sury ry stbl stblh h `t lbs lbst, t, 4:=, 4:=,:?1 :?1 `em 4:6 4:6,?? ,??: : sf`r sf`ras, as, ras raspal paltkv tkvacy acy . . . . . . . . . . . Tat` Ta t`ke keam am a`r a`rek eken enss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @llu @l luiu iuc` c`ta tam m bt btfa farr lb lbip ipra rafa faes eskv kvaa ke kelb lbia ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,<: 4, <::, :,== ==6 6 ;1,0 ;1 ,04; 4; 46,: 46 ,:6? 6? 4?:, 4? :,;; ;;< < ” 04,4 04 ,41= 1=

”

$

010,6; 010, 6;> > 0,0< 0, 0<;, ;,6; 6;= = =0<, =0 <,44 44= = ” 0,>:1, 0,>: 1,:0 :01 1 406, 40 6,=< =<6 6 >>,: >> ,:?4 ?4 =4:, =4 :,<> <>4 4 ” 06,: 06 ,:0; 0;

”

0,14> 0,14 > ;,;< ;, ;<>, >,:0 :0: : (1,0?: (1, 0?:,>> ,>>4) 4) =,=4 =, =4<, <,6? 6?= = <<0, << 0,4: 4:4 4

0,1;1 0,1; 1 00,1 00 ,1=6 =6,< ,<;< ;< (1,4?>, (1,4 ?>,=6= =6=)) =,6= =, 6=6, 6,0? 0?4 4 04:, 04 :,4> 4>? ?

]bt` ]b t`cc stbl stblhf hfbc bcma mars rs‛‛ aquk aqukty ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

;,1< ;, 1<4, 4,6< 6<0 0

00,4 00 ,41: 1:,; ,;=4 =4

]bt`c ]bt `c ck`dk ck`dkckt cktkas kas `em `em stblhf stblhfbcm bcmars ars‛‛ aqukty aqukty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$04,44 $04 ,44;,> ;,>=0 =0

$0<,?6 $0< ,?6;,6 ;,6=6 =6

]fa `llbip`eyken ebtas `ra `e ketanr`c p`rt bo tfasa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. 1>

 

[`fbb! Kel. Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo L`sf Ocbws [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

(Ke tfbus`ems)

L@\F OCB^\ OTBI BZAT@]KEN @L]K_K]KA\7 Eatt kel Ea kelbi biaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ >1 >10, 0,<; <;0 0 $ ?? ??:, :,:: ::: : $ =4 =4=, =,4; 4;6 6 @mgustiaets tb ralbelkca eat kelbia tb eat l`sf prbvkmam dy bpar`tken `ltkvktkas7 Mapr Ma pral alk` k`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <:4, <: 4,0? 0?0 0 =:;, =: ;,<? <?? ? 1:6, 1: 6,60 604 4 @ibr @i brtk tkz` z`tk tkbe be bo ke ket` t`en enkd kdca ca `s `ssa sats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<>, 4< >,6? 6?: : 4=;, 4= ;,64 64; ; 460, 46 0,44 440 0 \tbl \t blhh-d` d`sa sam m lb lbip ipae aes` s`tk tkbe be ax axpa paes esaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =4=, =4 =,;< ;<: : 1>4, 1> 4,=4 =4> > =<>, =< >,6= 6=< < \tblh-d`sam rastrulturken axpaesa ravars`cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ” (<:,4<?) Ebe-l`sf rastrulturken lf`rnas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ” >,;41 Nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ” =6>,1<> ]`x ]` x da daea eaok okts ts or orbi bi st stbl blhh-d` d`ssam `w `w`r `rms ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?4?, ?4 ?,:: ::; ; >?,0 >? ,0<6 <6 00>, 00 >,>0 >0? ? Axla Ax lass ss t` t`x x da daea eaok okts ts orb orbi i st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m `w `w`r `rms ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1;>,0 (1;> ,006 06)) (<1, (< 1,=4 =4>) >) (041,00 (041, 00=) =) Maoa Ma oarr rram am ke kelb lbia ia t` t`xa xass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4>= (4 >=,= ,=<< <<)) (404,> (404 ,>=4 =4)) (<1, (< 1,<4 <4=) =) A`rek A` reken enss ke aq aquk ukty ty ke keta tara rast stss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (004 (0 04,0 ,00= 0=)) (01: (0 1:,? ,?6; 6;)) (1;?, (1; ?,;> ;>;) ;) Mkvk Mk vkma maem emss ra rallak akva vam m or orbi bi aq aquk ukty ty ke keva vast staa aa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04,; 04 ,;:6 :6 01,0 01 ,01? 1? 06,; 06 ,;=4 =4 Ikebrkty ketarasts ke bpar`tkbes bo lbesbckm`ta tam m sudskmk`rkas . . . . . >04 4,61: 1,>?1 N`ke N` kess or orbi bi s` s`ca cass bo ke keva vast stia iaet ets, s, `s `ssa sats ts,, `e `em m bt btfa far, r, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . (01, (0 1,04 041) 1) (4>, (4 >,;4 ;46) 6) (0;, (0 ;,?4 ?44) 4) Lf`enas ke `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas, eat bo aooalts bo `lquksktkbes7 @llb @l lbue uets ts ra rala lakv kv`d `dca ca,, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (061 (0 61,0 ,0;? ;?)) (66, (6 6,>< ><6) 6) (?4, (? 4,:6 :64) 4) Zraap` Zr p`km km ax axpa paes esas as `e `em m bt btfa farr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (;,1 (; ,1?> ?>)) 0<<, 0< <,06 061 1 (01, (0 1,1; 1;:) :) @lllbu @l buet etss p` p`y` y`dc dcaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <:,= <: ,=0< 0< =1,0 =1 ,0:0 :0 (4<, (4 <,6= 6=:) :) @llr @l lrua uam m ax axpa paes esas as `e `em m bt btfa farr ck ck`d `dkc kckt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0>=, 0> =,1? 1?? ? 06=, 06 =,6: 6:1 1 <41, <4 1,:< :<: : Maoarram ra rav vaeua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =,0>; 61,1?? 0><,;<; Eatt l` Ea l`sf sf pr prbv bvkm kmam am dy bp bpar ar`t `tke ken n `lt `ltkv kvkt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L@\F OCB^\ OTBI KE_A\]KEN @L]K_K]KA\7 @lqu @l quks ksktk ktkbe be bo pr prbp bpar arty ty `e `em m aq aquk ukpi piae aet, t, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zurlf`s Zurl f`sas as bo i`rh i`rhat` at`dca dca mad madtt salur salurktka ktkass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrbl Zr blaa aams ms or orbi bi s` s`ca cass bo i` i`rh rhat at`d `dca ca ma madt dt sa salu lurk rktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zrbla Zrb laam amss or orbi bi i` i`tu turk rktk tkas as bo i` i`rh rhat at`d `dca ca ma madt dt sa salu lurkt rktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . @lqu @l quks ksktk ktkbe bes, s, ea eatt bo bo l`s l`sf f `lq `lquk ukra ram m . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. Zurl Zu rlf` f`sa sass bo ke ket` t`en enkd kdca ca `s `ssa sats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr ke keva vast stke ken n `l `ltk tkvk vktk tkas as,, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eatt l`s Ea l`sf f usa usam m ke ke kev kevas astk tken en `l `ltk tkvk vktka tkass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L@\F OCB^\ OTBI OKE@ELKEN @L]K_K]KA\7 Zrbl Zr blaa aams ms or orbi bi ks kssu su`e `ela la bo lb lbii iibe be st stbl blh, h, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tapu Ta purl rlf` f`sa sass bo bo lbi lbiib ibe e stb stblh lh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \tru \t rult ltur uram am st stbl blh h ra rapu purl rlf` f`ssas as,, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Axla Ax lass ss t` t`x x da daea eaok okts ts or orbi bi st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m `w `w`r `rms ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]`x wktffbcmkens rac`tam tb eat sf`ra sattcaiaets bo rastrkltam stblh  `w`rms `em ra rasstrkltam stblh uekts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfar oke`elken `ltkvktkas, eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat l`s l`sf f (us (usam am ke) prbv prbvkma kmam m dy oke oke`el `elken ken `lt `ltkvk kvktka tkass . . . . . . . . . . . . Aooa Ao oalt lt bo ax axlf lf`e `ena na r` r`ta ta lf lf`e `ena nass be l` l`sf sf `e `em m l` l`sf sf aq aquk ukv` v`ca caet etss . . . . . . . . Eatt lf Ea lf`e `ena na ke l` l`sf sf `e `em m l` l`sf sf aq aquk ukv` v`ca caet etss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L`sf L` sf `e `em m l` l`sf sf aq aquk ukv` v`ca caet etss `t `t dan danke keek eken en bo ya ya`r `r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,<> 0, <>0, 0,1> 1>? ?

0,;0 0, ;06, 6,6; 6;; ;

0,66 0, 66:, :,4= 4=0 0

(?6; (? 6;,0 ,0<? <?)) (?:4 (? :4,4 ,4>? >?)) (?>=, (?> =,64 64;) ;) (0,<46,10 (0,<46 ,101) 1) (0,0:1 (0,0:1,:= ,:=<) <) (4,<0>, (4,<0>,::= ::=)) <==, <= =,?4 ?4? ? 1>0, 1> 0,0; 0;; ; 461, 46 1,>1 >1< < 0,?: 0, ?:?, ?,?; ?;> > 0,?> 0, ?>4, 4,14 140 0 0,?? 0, ??<, <,1? 1?; ; (0=4 (0 =4,4 ,4>4 >4)) (;>< (; ><,1 ,1>> >>)) (4:;, (4: ;,0; 0;?) ?) (1,6 (1 ,60: 0:)) (00: (0 0:,< ,<>6 >6)) (>0, (> 0,<0 <0:) :) 4:,> 4: ,>4; 4; (4=, (4 =,;= ;=6) 6) 00,4 00 ,4<= <= (0;< (0 ;<,? ,?60 60))

(1>4 (1 >4,1 ,1:4 :4))

(0,<0 (0, <00, 0,>6 >6<) <)

<06, <0 6,0: 0:< < (0,>64 (0,> 64,0 ,0=: =:)) (44> (4 4>,> ,>:1 :1)) 1;>, 1; >,00 006 6

<>1, <> 1,:? :?? ? (0,16< (0,1 6<,; ,;0; 0;)) (41: (4 1:,: ,::: ::)) <1,= <1 ,=4> 4>

<?<,<1 <?<, <1= = (>;,4 (>; ,4<? <?)) ” 041, 04 1,00 00= =

(?,=1?) (04,04?)

(>? (> ?,>14) (>=)

” ”

(0,:;= (0, :;=,?4 ,?4=) =) (0, (0,==4 ==4,:: ,::6) 6) 1?,; 1? ,;:> :> 0=:,0> 0=:, 0>6 6 0,=4 0, =4;, ;,?; ?;< <

<;,? <; ,?>: >: (11,;= (11, ;=0) 0) 0,1? 0, 1?;, ;,6> 6>0 0

<<4,=: <<4 ,=:? ? (044,= (044 ,=;6 ;6)) >>6, >> 6,<? <?? ? 0,10 0, 10<, <,;< ;<: :

L`sf L`s f `em `em l`sf l`sf aquk aqukv`c v`caet aetss `t aem aem bo bo ya`r ya`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0,1?;,6> 0,1?;,6>0 0 $ 0,10<,;< 0,10<,;<: : $ 4,4;4,4; 4,4;4,4;? ? ]fa `llbip`eyken ebtas `ra `e ketanr`c p`rt bo tfasa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. 16

 

\uppcaiaet`c l`sf ocbw mkslcbsuras7 Kelbia t`xas p`km wara $?? ikcckbe, $0=0 ikcckbe, `em $>: ikcckbe ke tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy. Ketarast p`km w`s ebt i`tark`c ke `ey bo tfa ya`rs prasaetam. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa fbcmars bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s zarb lbupbe saekbr lbevartkdca ebtas (tfa –Ebtas’) lbevartam $>1: ikcckbe bo tfa Ebtas ketb <?.? ikcckbe sf`ras bo [`fbb! lbiibe stblh. \aa Ebta ;”–Madt’ obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey aetaram ketb `e 00 ya`r ca`sa `nraaiaet obr ` m`t` laetar ke tfa wastare Qektam \t`tas (–Q.\.’). Bo tfa tbt`c axpaltam ikekiui ca`sa lbiiktiaet bo $0:1 ikcckbe, $40 ikcckbe ks lc`sskokam `s `e bpar`tken ca`sa obr ra`c ast`ta `em $6= ikcckbe ks lc`sskokam `s ` l`pkt`c ca`sa obr aqukpiaet. \aa Ebta 0<”–Lbiiktiaets `em Lbetkenaelkas’ obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. @lquksktkbe-rac`tam `ltkvktkas7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

(Ke tfbus`ems)

L`sf p`km L`sf p`km obr obr `lqu `lquksk ksktkb tkbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L`sf L` sf `l `lqu qukr kram am ke `l `lqu quks ksktk ktkbe bess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O`kr v`cua bo lbiibe stblh `em vastam stblh-d`sam `w`rms kssuam ke lbee lb eeal altk tkbe be wk wktf tf `l `lqu quks kskt ktkb kbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$01:,61; $01:,6 1; $0,:0; $0,:0;,>1 ,>11 1 $4<=,? $4<=,?4? 4? (6,1 (6 ,16> 6>)) (=?,0> (=?, 0>6) 6) (41 (41,= ,=<: <:)) $0=4 $0 =4,4 ,4>4 >4

$ ;> ;><, <,1> 1>> >

$4:; $4 :;,0 ,0;? ;?

$

$ 4; 4;:, :,?> ?>0 0

$

”

”

Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey lbetrkdutam kts @ustr`ck`e Ketareat duskeass, [`fbb! @ustr` @us tr`ck` ck` `em Eaw Wa` Wa`c`e c`em m `s lbe lbeskm skmar` ar`tkb tkbe e obr kts str str`ta `tankl nkl p`r p`rtea tearsf rsfkp kp wkt wktf f \av \avae ae Eat Eatwbr wbrh h Cki Ckikta ktam. m. \aa Ebta <”–@lquksktkbes’ obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe.

]fa `llbip`eyken ebtas `ra `e ketanr`c p`rt bo tfasa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. 1;

 

[`fbb! Kel. Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo \tblhfbcmars‛ Aqukty [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

(Ke tfbus`ems)

Lbiibe stblh D`c` D` c`el ela, a, da dank nkee eeke ken n bo ya ya`r `r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Lbiibe stblh kssuam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D`c`ela, aem bo ya`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @mmktkbe`c p`km-ke l`pkt`c D`c` D` c`el ela, a, da dank nkee eeken ken bo ya ya`r `r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbii Lb iibe be st stbl blh h `e `em m st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m `w `w`r `rms ms ks kssu suam am `e `em m `s `ssu suia iam m................ \tbl \t blhh-d` d`sa sam m lb lbip ipae aes` s`tk tkbe be ax axpa paes esaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @mb mbp ptkbe bo \O@\ 04<T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lf``en Lf enaa ke ma maooar arrram ke kelb lbi ia t` t`x x `ss ssat at v` v`cu cu``tk tkbe be `c `ccb cbw w`el elaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N`ke ke lbeealtkbe wktf duskeass lbetrkdutkbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]`x ]` x da daea eaok okts ts or orbi bi st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m `w `w`r `rms ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]`x ]` x wk wktf tffb fbcm cmke kens ns ra rac` c`ta tam m tb ea eatt sf sf`r `raa sa satt ttca caia iaet etss bo ra rast strk rklt ltam am st stbl blh h ue uekt ktss . . . . . \trulturam stbl blh h rapur urllf`sas, eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Madt lbe bev varskbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btf tfaar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D`c` D` c`el ela, a, ae aem m bo ya ya`r `r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,=> 0, =>: : $ 4< 0,=;<

0,=; 0, =;< < $ <= 0,14>

?,=0>,6 ?,=0> ,616 16 <06,: <06 ,:6: 6: =10, =1 0,=? =?> > (4< 4<1 1,<;=) 4<?, 4< ?,:= :== = 4;,;== ?4?, ?4 ?,:: ::; ; ” >?> >? >,4;1 6: =,1< =, 1<4 4

6,?01,; 6,?01 ,;01 01 ??1,? ??1 ,?;1 ;1 1;<, 1; <,=1 =10 0 ” ” ” >?,0 >? ,0<6 <6 (=,= (= ,=?? ??)) ” 46> (0: 0:,: ,:0: 0:))

6,?01 6, ?01,; ,;01 01

;,;<> ;, ;<>,: ,:0: 0:

0,14 0, 14> > ?6 0,1;1 ;,;<>,: ;,;<> ,:0: 0: <?<, <? <,<4 <44 4 =<=, =< =,?< ?<; ; ” ” ” 00>, 00 >,>0 >0? ? (=;, (= ;,4> 4>?) ?) ” >=;,10? (=,1 (= ,1<= <=))

00,1= 00 ,1=6, 6,<; <;< <

]ra`sury stblh D`c`ela, D`c`el a, dank dankeek eeken en bo ya` ya`rr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tapurl Tap urlf`s f`sas as bo bo lbii lbiibe be stbl stblh h . . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . ]`x ]` x wk wktf tffb fbcm cmke kens ns ra rac` c`ta tam m tb ea eatt sf sf`r `raa sa satt ttca caia iaet etss bo ra rast strk rklt ltam am st stbl blh h `w `w`r `rms ms . . .

(1=>,> (1= >,>4<) 4<) (<,<4=, (<,<4=,6?< 6?<)) (4,>>>,0=:) (4,>>>, 0=:) (0, (0,6<<, 6<<,;4: ;4:)) ” (0,;6; (0,; 6;))

(1,0?:,>>4) (1,0?:, >>4) (>;,4< (>; ,4<?) ?) (4>, (4 >,=> =>?) ?)

D`c`el D`c `ela, a, aem aem bo ya` ya`rr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(<,<4=, (<, <4=,6?<) 6?<) (1, (1,0?:, 0?:,>>4 >>4))

(1,4?>, (1,4 ?>,=6=) =6=)

Tat`keam a`rekens D`c` D` c`el ela, a, da dank nkee eeken ken bo ya ya`r `r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eatt ke Ea kelb lbia ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @mbptkbe bo OKE =6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,;??,0 4,;?? ,0?; ?; >10, >1 0,<; <;0 0 ”

<,>0>,1 <,>0> ,1?: ?: ??:, ?? :,:: ::: : =?,<:=

=,=4<,6 =,=4< ,6?= ?= =4=, =4 =,4; 4;6 6 ”

D`c` D` c`el ela, a, ae aem m bo bo ya` ya`rr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

<,>0> <, >0>,1 ,1?: ?:

=,=4< =, =4<,6 ,6?= ?=

=,6=6 =,6 =6,0 ,0?4 ?4

@lluiuc`tam btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia D`c` D` c`el ela, a, da dank nkee eeke ken n bo bo ya` ya`rr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat lf`ena ke uera`ckzam n`kes/cbssas be `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas, eat bo  t`x t` x ........................................................... Obra Ob rakn kne e lu lurr rrae aely ly tr tr`e `esc sc`t `tkb kbe e `m `mgu gust stia iaet et,, ea eatt bo t` t`x x .......................

(<1, (< 1,;? ;?1) 1)

01:, 01 :,1: 1:1 1

<<0, << 0,4: 4:4 4

<6,: <6 ,:06 06 0=6,=14 0=6,= 14

1,:> 1, :>= = 0>1,?4< 0>1,? 4<

(4:, (4 :,:0 :0>) >) (0;:,; (0;: ,;:;) :;)

D`c` D` c`el ela, a, ae aem m bo ya ya`r `r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

01:, 01 :,1: 1:1 1

<<0, << 0,4: 4:4 4

04:, 04 :,4> 4>? ?

]bt`c ]bt `c stblh stblhfbc fbcmar mars‛ s‛ aqukt aqukty y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ;,0? ;,0?:,? :,?0: 0: $ ;,1 ;,1<4,6 <4,6<0 <0 $00 $00,41: ,41:,;= ,;=4 4

Lbiprafaeskva kelbia Eatt kel Ea kelbi biaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia (cbss)7 Qera`ckzam n`kes/(cbssas) be `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas, eat bo t`xas bo  $(4;,;0=), $(6,0<0), `em $06,><? obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, rasp ra spaalt ltkv kvaacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Talc`sskokl`tkbe `mgustiaet obr ra`ckzam cbssas kelcumam ke eat kelbia, eat bo t`xas bo $(<,<>0), $(0,<6=), `em $(>61) obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

??:,: ??: ,::: :: $

=4=, =4 =,4; 4;6 6

<4,; <4 ,;?0 ?0

4,;; 4, ;;; ;

(40, (4 0,0; 0;1) 1)

1,:1>

4,:>1

0,0>6

Eat lf`ena ke uera`ckzam n`kes/(cbssas) be `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas, eat bo t` t`x x ..................................................... Obra Ob rakn kne e lu lurr rrae aely ly tr tr`e `esc sc`t `tkb kbe e `m `mgu gust stia iaet et,, ea eatt bo t` t`x x .......................

<6,: <6 ,:06 06 0=6,=14 0=6,= 14

1,:> 1, :>= = 0>1,?4< 0>1,? 4<

(4:, (4 :,:0 :0>) >) (0;:,; (0;: ,;:;) :;)

Btfa Bt farr lb lbip ipra rafa faes eskv kvaa ke kelb lbia ia (c (cbs bss) s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

06?,= 06? ,=>: >:

06:,? 06: ,?;> ;>

(40: (4 0:,; ,;4?) 4?)

;<>,6 ;<> ,6?0 ?0 $

6=:,? 6=: ,?;> ;> $

Lbip Lb ipra rafa faes eskv kvaa kel kelbi biaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

>10,< >10 ,<;0 ;0 $

]fa `llbip`eyken ebtas `ra `e ketanr`c p`rt bo tfasa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. ?:

40<, 40 <,<> <>4 4

 

[a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

Euidar bo Butst`emken \f`ras (Ke tfbus`ems)

Lbiibe stblh D`c`el D`c `ela, a, dank dankeek eeken en bo bo ya`r ya`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbii Lb iibe be st stbl blh h `e `em m ra rast strk rklt ltam am st stbl blh h ks kssu suam am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tapu Ta purl rlf` f`sa sass bo lb lbii iibe be st stbl blh h ................................ Madt lbevarskbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]`x wktffbcmkens rac`tam tb eat sf`ra sattcaiaets bo rastrkltam stblh  `w`rms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D`c`el D`c `ela, a, aem aem bo bo ya`r ya`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,=<:,0?4 0,=<:, 0?4 0,<?:, 0,<?:,4=> 4=> 0,<<:, 0,<<:,646 646 4<,0 4< ,01: 1: <?,; <? ,;?6 ?6 46,? 46 ,?:; :; (;<, (; <,:? :?6) 6) (??, (? ?,<< <<4) 4) (<,< (< ,<66 66)) < 0< <?,1?< ”

(?6)

0,<?:, 0,< ?:,4=> 4=> 0,< 0,<<:, <:,646 646 0,< 0,<;0, ;0,1?: 1?:

]fa `llbip`eyken ebtas `ra `e ketanr`c p`rt bo tfasa lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. ?0

(0,:14)

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets Ebta 0

]FA LBIZ@E[ @EM \QII@T[ BO \KNEKOKL@E] @LLBQE]KEN ZBCKLKA\

]fa Lbip` Lbip`ey. ey.   [`fbb! [`fbb! Kel Kel., ., tbn tbnatf atfar ar wktf kts lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam sud sudskm skmk`r k`rkas kas (–[ (–[`fb `fbb!’ b!’ br tfa –Lb –Lbip` ip`ey’ ey’), ), ks `

ca`mken ncbd`c Ketareat dr`em `em bea bo tfa ibst tr`ooklham Ketareat mastke`tkbes wbrcmwkma. [`fbb! ks oblusam be pbw pbwark arken en kts lbi lbiiue iuektk ktkas as bo usa usars, rs, `mv `mvart artksa ksars, rs, pud pudcks cksfar fars, s, `em mav mavacb acbpar parss dy lra lra`tk `tken en kemk kemkspa spaes` es`dca dca axparkaelas dukct be trust. ]bnatfar wktf tfa Lbip`ey‛s bweam `em bpar`tam beckea prbpartkas `em sarvklas (–[`fbb! (–[`fb b! Zrbpar Zrbpartkas’ tkas’ br –Bwea –Bweam m `em Bpar`tam sktas’), [`fbb! `csb prbvkma prbvkmass kts `mvartksken `mvartksken booark booarkens ens `em `llas `llasss tb Ketareat usars daybem [`fbb! tfrbunf kts mkstrkdutkbe eatwbrh bo tfkrm-p`rty aetktkas (–@ookck`tas’), wfb f`va ketanr`tam tfa Lbip`ey‛s `mvartksken booarkens ketb tfakr ^adsktas, raoarram tb `s @ookck`ta sktas, br tfakr btfar booarkens. ]fa Lbip`ey naear`tas ravaeuas dy prbvkmken i`rhatken sarvklas tb `mvartksars `lrbss ` i`gbrkty bo  [`fbb! Zrbpartkas `em @ookck`ta sktas. @mmktkbe`ccy, `ctfbunf i`ey bo tfa sarvklas tfa Lbip`ey prbvkmas tb usars `ra oraa, [`fbb! mbas lf`rna oaas obr ` r`ena bo praikui sarvklas.  D`sks bo Zrasaet`tkbe.   ]fa lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam oke oke`el `elk`c k`c st` st`tai taiaet aetss kel kelcum cumaa tfa `ll `llbue buets ts bo [`f [`fbb! bb! Kel Kel.. `em kts

i`gbrkty-bweam br btfarwksa lbetrbccam sudskmk`rkas. @cc sknekokl`et ketarlbip`ey `llbuets `em tr`es`ltkbes f`va daae ackike`tam. Kevastiaets ke aetktkas ke wfklf tfa Lbip`ey l`e axarlksa sknekokl`et keocuaela, dut mbas ebt bwe ` i`gbrkty aqukty ketarast br btfarwksa lbetrbc, `ra `llbuetam obr usken tfa aqukty iatfbm `em `ra kelcumam `s kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts be tfa lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s kelcumam tfa rasucts bo  bpar`tkbes lbip`ekas orbi tfa m`ta bo `lquksktkbe. Lart`ke prkbr ya`r `ibuets f`va daae ralc`sskokam tb lbeobri bo tb `lqukram tfa lurraet ya`r prasaet`tkbe. ]fa prap`r`tkbe bo lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets ke lbeobrikty wktf naear`ccy `llaptam `llbuetken prkelkpcas (–N@@Z’) ke tfa Qektam \t`tas (–Q.\.’) raqukras i`e`naiaet tb i`ha astki`tas, gumniaets, `em `ssuiptkbes tf`tt `ooa tf` `ooalt lt tfa rap rapbrt brtam am `ib `ibuet uetss bo `ss `ssats ats,, ck` ck`dkc dkcktka ktkas, s, rav ravaeu aeuas, as, `em axp axpaes aesas as `em tfa rac` rac`tam tam mks mkslcb lcbsur suraa bo  lbetkenaet `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas. Be `e be-nbken d`sks, tfa Lbip`ey av`cu`tas kts astki`tas, kelcumken tfbsa rac`tam rac`ta m tb uelbcc uelbccaltkdc altkdcaa ralak ralakv`dcas v`dcas,, tfa usaouc ckvas bo cben-c cben-ckvam kvam `ssats kelcumken prbparty `em aqukpiaet, kevast kev astiae iaett o`kr v`c v`cuas uas,, stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe,, nbb nbbmwk mwkcc cc `em btfa btfarr ket ket`en `enkdc kdcaa `ss `ssats ats,, kel kelbia bia t`x t`xas, as, lbetkenaelkas, `em rastrulturken lf`rnas. ]fa Lbip`ey d`sas kts astki`tas bo tfa l`rryken v`cua bo lart`ke `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas ck`dkcktkas be fkstbrkl`c axparkaela axparkaela `em be v`rkbus btfar `ssuiptkbes `ssuiptkbes tf`t `ra dackavam tb da ra`sbe`dca ra`sbe`dca uemar tfa lkrluist`elas, wfae tfasa l`rryken v`cuas `ra ebt ra`mkcy `v`kc`dca orbi btfar sburlas. @ltu`c rasucts i`y mkooar orbi tfasa astki`tas.

 Tavaeua Talbnektkbe.  ]fa Lbip`ey‛s ravaeuas `ra markvam prkelkp`ccy orbi sarvklas, wfklf lbiprksa i`rhatken

sarvklas sarvkl as obr `mv `mvart artksa ksars rs `em pud pudcks cksfar farss `em boo booark arkens ens tb usa usars. rs. ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y lc` lc`ssk sskoka okass tfa tfasa sa rav ravaeu aeuas as `s i`rhatken sarvklas `em oaas. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbnekzas ravaeua be `rr`enaiaets ke `llbrm`ela wktf Oke`elk`c @llbuetken \t`em`rm Db`rm‛s (–O@\D’ (–O@ \D’)) Aia Aiarnke rnken n Kss Kssuas uas ]`s ]`sh h Obrl Obrlaa (–A (–AK]O K]O’) ’) Kss Kssua ua Eb. ::::-40, 40, –Ta –Tavae vaeua ua @rr` @rr`ena enaiae iaets ts wkt wktf f Iuc Iuctkp tkpca ca Mackvar`dcas’ `em \alurktkas `em Axlf`ena Lbiiksskbe (–\AL’) \t`oo @llbuetken Duccatke (–\@D’) Eb. 0:=, –Tavae –Ta vaeua ua Tal Talbne bnektkb ktkbe,’ e,’ (–\@D 0:= 0:=’). ’). Ke `cc l`sas, l`sas, rav ravaeu aeuaa ks ral ralbne bnekza kzam m bec becy y wfa wfae e tfa prkla ks okx okxam am br matarike`dca, parsu`skva avkmaela bo `e `rr`enaiaet axksts, tfa sarvkla ks parobriam `em lbccalt`dkckty bo tfa rac`tam oaa ks ra`sbe`dcy `ssuram. Ke `llbrm`ela wktf AK]O Eb. :0-;, –@llbuetken obr Lbeskmar`tkbe Nkvae dy ` _aembr tb ` Lustbiar br ` Tasaccar bo tfa _aembr‛s Zrbmult,’ tfa Lbip`ey `llbuets obr l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe nkvae tb lustbiars, obr wfklf kt mbas ebt ralakva ` sap`r`tacy kmaetkok`dca daeaokt br l`eebt ra`sbe`dcy astki`ta o`kr v`cua, `s ` ramultkbe bo ravae ravaeua ua r`tfar tf`e `s `e axpae axpaesa. sa. Ke `llbr `llbrm`ela m`ela wktf AK]O Eb. :4-0?, –@llbuetken –@llbuetken dy ` Lustbiar (Kelcumken ` Tasaccar) obr Lart`ke Lbeskmar`tkbe Talakvam orbi ` _aembr,’ tfa Lbip`ey `csb av`cu`tas wfatfar `e `rr`enaiaet sfbucm da lf`r`ltarkzam `sNrbss ravaeua ` rakidursaiaet bo lbsts Ke `llbrm`ela wktf AK]O Kssua Eb. ;;-0;, –Tapbrtken Tavaeua `s `brZrkelkp`c _arsus Eat `s `e kelurram. @naet,’ tfa ?4

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Lbip`ey rapbrts ravaeua, obr wfklf kt ks tfa prki`ry bdcknbr ke tfa `rr`enaiaet `em obr wfklf kt prbvkmam ` prbmult br sarvkla, `t tfa nrbss `ibuet. I`rh I` rhat atke ken n sa sarvk rvkla lass ra rava vaeu euas as `r `raa na naea ear` r`ta tam m orb orbi i sa sava var` r`cc bo booa oarke rkens ns ke kelc lcum umke ken n tf tfaa mk mksp spc` c`y y bo nr` nr`pf pfkl kl`c `c `mvartksa `mvart ksaiae iaets ts (–m (–mksp kspc`y c`y `mv `mvart artksk ksken’ en’), ), tfa mks mkspc` pc`y y bo tax taxtt d`s d`sam am cke ckehs hs tb `e `mv `mvart artksa ksar‛s r‛s ^ad ^adskt sktaa (–s (–sa`r a`rlf lf `mvartksken’), ckstken d`sam sarvklas, `em lbiiarla d`sam tr`es`ltkbes. ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y ral ralbne bnekza kzass rav ravaeu aeuas as orbi mks mkspc` pc`y y `mv `mvart artksk ksken en be [`f [`fbb! bb! Zrb Zrbpar partka tkass `s –ki –kipra prassk sskbes bes’’ `ra mackvaram. @e –kiprasskbe’ ks mackvaram wfae `e `mvartksaiaet `ppa`rs ke p`nas vkawam dy usars. @rr`enaiaets obr tfasa sarvklas naear`ccy f`va taris bo up tb tfraa ya`rs `em ke tfa i`gbrkty bo l`sas, tfa taris `ra cass tf`e bea ya` ya`rr br i`y da tar tarike ike`ta `tam m `t `ey tkia dy tfa `mvartksa `mvartksar. r. Lar Lart`k t`ke e `mv `mvart artksk ksken en `nr `nraai aaiaet aetss bot botae ae kevb kevbcva cva iuctkpca acaiaets (`rr`enaiaets wktf ibra tf`e bea mackvar`dca). ]fa Lbip`ey `csb ralbn ralbnekzas ekzas ravaeuas orbi sa`rl sa`rlf f `mvart `mvartksken, ksken, wfklf `ra pc`la pc`lam m be [`fbb [`fbb!! Zrbpar Zrbpartkas. tkas. \a`rlf `mvartksken ravaeua ks ralbnekzam `s –lcklh-tfrbunfs’ bllur. @ –lcklh-tfrbunf’ bllurs wfae ` usar lcklhs be `e `mvartksar‛s ckstken. I`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas `csb kelcumas ckstkens `em tr`es`ltkbe ravaeuas. Ckstkens ravaeuas `ra naear`tam orbi ` v`rkaty bo lbesuiar `em duskeass ckstkens-d`sam sarvklas, kelcumken `llass tb tfa [`fbb! FbtGbds m`t`d`sa `em lc`sskokam `mvartksken sulf `s [`fbb! @utbs, [`fbb! Ta`c Ast`ta, `em btfar sarvklas. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbnekzas ckstke cks tkens ns rav ravaeu aeuas as wfa wfae e tfa sar sarvkl vklas as `ra par parobri obriam. am. ]r` ]r`es` es`ltk ltkbe be rav ravaeu aeuas as `ra nae naear` ar`tam tam orbi o`l o`lkck kckt`t t`tken ken lbiiarlk`c lbiiar lk`c tr`es`ltkbes tr`es`ltkbes tfrbun tfrbunf f [`fbb [`fbb!! Zrbpar Zrbpartkas, tkas, prkelkp`ccy prkelkp`ccy orbi [`fbb [`fbb!! ]r`va ]r`vacc `em [`fbb! \fbppk \fbppken. en. ]fa Lbip`ey Lbip`e y ralbne ralbnekzas kzas tr`es`ltkbe tr`es`ltkbe ravaeu ravaeuas as wfae tfara ks avkma avkmaela ela tf`t qu`cko qu`ckoyken yken tr`es`ltkbes tr`es`ltkbes f`va bllurram, obr ax`ipca, wfae tr`vac `rr`enaiaets `ra dbbham tfrbunf [`fbb! ]r`vac. Ke `mm `mmktk ktkbe be tb mac mackva kvarke rken n sa` sa`rlf rlf `em mks mkspc` pc`y y `mv `mvart artksk ksken en be [`f [`fbb! bb! Zrb Zrbpar partka tkas, s, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y `cs `csb b nae naear` ar`tas tas ravaeuas orbi sa`rlf `em/br mkspc`y `mvartksken booarkens be @ookck`ta sktas. ]fa Lbip`ey p`ys @ookck`tas obr tfa ravaeuas naear`tam orbi tfa mkspc`y bo tfasa `mvartksaiaets be tfa @ookck`tas‛ ^adsktas. ]fasa p`yiaets `ra l`ccam tr`ookl `lquksktkbe `lquksktkbe lbsts (–]@L’). (–]@L’). ]fa ravae ravaeuas uas markvam orbi tfasa `rr`enaiaets `rr`enaiaets tf`t kevbcv kevbcvaa tr`ookl suppckam dy @ookck`tas `ra rapbrtam nrbss bo tfa p`yiaet tb @ookck`tas. ]fasa ravaeuas `ra rapbrtam nrbss mua tb tfa o`lt tf`t tfa Lbip`ey ks tfa prki`ry bdcknbr tb tfa `mvartksars wfb `ra tfa lustbiars bo tfa `mvartksken sarvkla. Oaas rav Oaas ravaeu aeuas as lbe lbesks skstt bo rav ravaeu aeuas as nae naear` ar`tam tam orb orbi i ` v`r v`rkat katy y bo lbe lbesui suiar ar `em dus duskea keass ss oaa oaa-d` -d`sam sam sar sarvkl vklas, as, kelcumken Ketareat drb`md`em sarvklas, rby`ctkas ralakvam orbi gbket vaetura p`rtears, praikui i`kc, iuskl `em parsbe`cs booarkens `s wacc `s sarvklas obr si`cc duskeassas. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbnekzas oaas ravaeuas wfae tfa sarvklas `ra parobriam. Lurraet maoarram ravaeua prki`rkcy lbiprksas lbetr`ltu`c dkcckens ke axlass bo ralbnekzam ravaeuas `em p`yiaets ralakv ral akvam am ke `mv `mv`el `elaa bo rav ravaeu aeuaa ral ralbne bnektk ktkbe. be. Cbe Cben-ta n-tari ri mao maoarr arram am rav ravaeu aeuaa kel kelcum cumas as `ib `ibuet uetss ral ralakv akvam am orb orbi i lustbiars obr wfklf sarvklas wkcc ebt da mackvaram wktfke tfa eaxt 04 ibetfs.  Tastrulturken Lf`rnas.   ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y f`s mav mavacb acbpam pam `em kip kipcai caiaet aetam am ras rastrul trulturk turken en kek kektk` tk`tkv tkvas as tb kip kiprbv rbvaa

aooklkaelk aooklka elkas as `lr `lrbss bss tfa brn brn`ek `ekz`t z`tkbe kbe,, ram ramula ula bpa bpar`tk r`tken en axp axpaes aesas, as, `em dat dattar tar `ck `ckne ne kts ras rasbur burlas las tb i`r i`rhat hat lbemktkbes. @s ` rasuct bo tfasa pc`es, tfa Lbip`ey f`s ralbrmam rastrulturken lf`rnas lbiprksam prkelkp`ccy bo  aipcbyaa savar`ela `em `ssblk`tam tarike`tkbe lbsts rac`tam tb tfa ramultkbe bo kts wbrhobrla, bookla lcbsuras, cbssas cbs sas be sud sudca` ca`sas sas `em lbe lbetr` tr`lt lt tar tarike ike`tk `tkbe be lbs lbsts. ts. ]fa ]fasa sa `lt `ltkvk kvktka tkass f`v f`vaa daa daae e `ll `llbue buetam tam obr prki prki`rk `rkcy cy ke `ll `llbrm brm`el `ela wktff Axkt wktf \t`tai \t` bo Oke`elk Oke` elk`c `c @llbue @ll tken n \t` \t`em` em`rms rms\O@ (–\O@\’ (–\O Eb. 0=? 0=?, , –@l –@llbu etken en Lbsts ts @ssblk @ss blk`ta `tam ma wkt wktf Axk ttaiaet braet Mkspbs Mks pbs`c `c @lt @ltkvk kvktka tkas’ s’buetke (–\O@\ (–\ O@\ 0=?’). 0=? ’). \O@\ \ @\’) 0=?) raqukras raqukr as tf` tf`t t `lbuetk ck`dkc ck` dkckty kty obr obr Lbs lbsts lbs ts ?<

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) `ssblk`tam wktf `e axkt br mkspbs`c `ltkvkty da ralbnekzam wfae tfa ck`dkckty ks kelurram, `s bppbsam tb wfae i`e`naiaet lbiikts tb `e axkt pc`e. \O@\ 0=? `csb raqukras tf`t7 (k) ck`dkcktkas `ssblk`tam wktf axkt `em mkspbs`c `ltkvktkas da ia`suram `t o`kr v`cua8 (kk) bea-tkia tarike`tkbe daeaokts da axpaesam `t tfa m`ta tfa aetkty ebtkokas tfa aipcbyaa, uecass tfa aipcbyaa iust prbvkma outura sarvkla, ke wfklf l`sa tfa daeaokts `ra axpaesam r`t`dcy bvar tfa outura sarvkla parkbm8 `em (kkk) lbsts tb tarike`ta ` lbetr`lt daobra tfa aem bo kts tari da ralbnekzam wfae tfa aetkty tarike`tam tfa lbetr`lt ke `llbrm`ela wktf tfa lbetr`lt taris. Ke `mmktkbe, ` pbrtkbe bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s rastrulturken lbsts rac`tam tb ketare`tkbe`c aipcbyaas `em f`va daae `llbuetam obr ke `llbrm`ela wktf \O@\ Eb. 004, –Aipcbyars‛ @llbuetken obr Zbstaipcbyiaet Daeaokts, `e @iaemiaet bo O@\D \t`taiaets Eb. 1 `em =< (–\O@\ 004’) prki`rkcy `s ` rasuct bo st`tutbry raqukraiaets. ]fasa rastrulturken kektk`tkvas raqukra i`e`naiaet tb i`ha astki`tas ke savar`c `ra`s kelcumken7 (k) ra`ckz`dca v`cuas bo `ssats i`ma ramuem`et, bdsbcata br axlass8 (kk) axpaesas obr savar`ela `em btfar aipcbyaa sap`r`tkbe lbsts8 lbs ts8 `em (kk (kkk) k) tfa `dk `dkckty ckty tb nae naear` ar`ta ta sud sudca` ca`sa sa kel kelbia bia,, `em tb tar tarike ike`ta `ta ca` ca`sa sa bdc bdckn` kn`tkb tkbes es `t tfa ast astki` ki`tam tam `ibuets.  @ccbw`ela obr Mbudtouc @llbuets.   ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrms kts `ccbw`ela obr mbudtouc `llbuets d`sam upbe kts

`ssassiaet bo v`rkbus o`ltbrs. ]fa Lbip`ey lbeskmars fkstbrkl`c axparkaela, tfa `na bo tfa `llbuets ralakv`dca d`c`elas, tfa lramkt qu`ckty bo kts lustbiars, lurraet albebikl lbemktkbes, `em btfar o`ltbrs tf`t i`y `ooalt lustbiars‛ `dkckty tb p`y tb matarikea tfa cavac bo `ccbw`ela raqukram. lbes esks kstt bo p` p`yi yiae aets ts i` i`ma ma tb @o @ookc okck` k`ta tass `e `em m p` p`yia yiaet etss i` i`ma ma tb ]r`ook ]r` ookll @lq @lquks uksktk ktkbe be Lbs Lbsts ts (–] (–]@L’) @L’)..   ]@L lb lbip`ekas tf`t mkralt lbesuiar `em duskeass tr`ookl tb [`fbb! Zrbpartkas. ]fa Lbip`ey aetars ketb `nraaiaets bo v`ryken mur`tkbe tf`t kevbcv kevbcvaa ]@L. ]fara `ra naear`ccy tfraa albebikl strulturas strulturas bo tfa @ookck`ta `nraaiaets7 `nraaiaets7 okxam okxa m p`y p`yiae iaets ts d`s d`sam am be ` nu` nu`r`e r`etaa taam m ike ikekiu kiui i `ib `ibuet uet bo tr` tr`ookl ookl mac mackva kvaram ram,, wfk wfklf lf bot botae ae l`r l`rry ry ral ralkpr kprbl` bl`cc parobri`ela nu`r`etaas orbi tfa @ookck`ta8 v`rk`dca p`yiaets d`sam be ` parlaet`na bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s ravaeua br d`sam be ` lart`ke iatrkl, sulf `s tfa euidar bo sa`rlfas br p`km lcklhs br ` lbidke`tkbe bo tfa twb. ]fa Lbip`ey axpaesas, `s lbst bo ravaeuas, ]@L uemar twb mkooaraet iatfbms. @nraaiaets wktf okxam p`yiaets `ra axpaesam r`t`dcy bvar tfa tari tfa okxam p`yiaet lbvars. @nraaiaets d`sam be ` parlaet`na bo ravaeua, euidar bo p`km ketrbmultkbes, euidar bo sa`rlfas, br btfar iatrkls `ra axpaesam d`sam be tfa vbcuia bo tfa uemarcyken `ltkvkty br ravaeua iuctkpckam dy tfa `nraam-upbe prkla br r`ta. Zrbmultt Mava Zrbmul Mavacbpiae cbpiaet. t.   Zrbmult Zrbmult mav mavacb acbpia piaet et axp axpaes aesas as lbe lbesks skstt prk prki`r i`rkcy kcy bo lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe rac rac`ta `tam m axp axpaes aesas as

(kelcumken stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa) kelurram obr tfa mavacbpiaet bo, ikebr aef`elaiaets tb, `em i`ketae`ela i`keta e`ela bo [`fbb! Zrbpartkas, Zrbpartkas, lc`ss lc`sskokl` kokl`tkbe tkbe `em brn`ekz`tkbe brn`ekz`tkbe bo ckstke ckstkens ns wktfke [`fbb! Zrbpartkas, Zrbpartkas, rasa` rasa`rlf rlf `em mav mavacb acbpia piaet, et, `em [`f [`fbb! bb!‛s ‛s tal talfeb febcbn cbny y pc` pc`tob tobris ris `em keo keor`s r`stru trultu ltura. ra. Map Mapral ralk`t k`tkbe kbe axp axpaes aesaa `em btf btfar ar bpar`tken lbsts `ra `csb kelcumam ke prbmult mavacbpiaet.  @mvartksken Lbsts. @mvartksk  @mvartksken en prbmul prbmultkbe tkbe lbsts `ra ralbrmam `s axpae axpaesa sa tfa okrst tkia `e `mvartksaiaet `mvartksaiaet `ppa`rs.

Lbsts bo lbiiuekl`tken `mvartksken `ra ralbrmam `s axpaesa `s `mvartksken sp`la br `krtkia ks usam. @cc btfar `mvart `mv artksk ksken en lbs lbsts ts `ra axp axpaes aesam am `s kel kelurra urram. m. @mv @mvart artksk ksken en axp axpaes aesaa tbt tbt`ca `cam m `pp `pprbx rbxki` ki`tac tacy y $44 $444 4 ikc ikcckb ckbe, e, $44 $44: : ikcckbe, `em $0;: ikcckbe obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy. \tblh-D`sam Lbipaes`tkbe Axpaesa.  Aooaltkva G`eu`ry 0, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey `mbptam \O@\ Eb. 04<T (ravksam 4::=),   –\f`ra-D`sam Z`yiaet’  (–\O@\ 04<T’) usken tfa ibmkokam prbspaltkva iatfbm `em tfaraobra f`va ebt

rast`tam rast`t am prk prkbr br par parkbm kbms‛ s‛ ras rasucts ucts.. Qem Qemar ar tfa o`k o`krr v`c v`cua ua ral ralbne bnektkb ktkbe e prbv prbvksk kskbes bes bo \O@ \O@\ \ 04< 04<T, T, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y ralbnekzas stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa eat bo `e astki`tam obroaktura r`ta `em tfaraobra becy ralbnekzas lbipaes`tkbe lbsts tfbsa sf`ras axpaltam tb vast bvar tfa sarvkla parkbm bo tfa `w`rm. \tblh-d`sam nr`etam prkbr tb tfa obr `mbptkbe bo \O@\ 04<T `ra axpaesam bvar tfa rai`keken pbrtkbe bo tfakr sarvkla `w`rms parkbm. ?=

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fasa `w`rms `ra axpaes axpaesam am uemar `e `llac `llacar`tam ar`tam `ibrtkz`tkbe `ibrtkz`tkbe `pprb`lf usken tfa s`ia o`kr v`cua ia`su ia`suraiaet raiaetss wfklf wara usam ke l`cluc`tken prb obri` stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa uemar \O@\ Eb. 04<, –@llbuetken obr \tblh-D`sam Lbipaes`tkbe.’ Obr stblh-d`sam `w`rms nr`etam be br `otar G`eu`ry 0, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrms stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa be ` str`knft-ckea d`sks bvar tfa raqukskta sarvkla parkbm, naear`ccy bea tb obur ya`rs. L`cluc`tken stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa raqukras tfa keput bo fknfcy sudgaltkva `ssuiptkbes, kelcumken tfa axpaltam tari bo tfa stblh bptkbes, stblh prkla vbc`tkckty, `em tfa pra-vastken obroaktura r`ta bo stblh `w`rms. ]fa Lbip`ey astki`tas tfa axpaltam ckoa bo bptkbes nr`etam d`sam be fkstbrkl`c axarlksa p`ttares, wfklf tfa Lbip`ey dackavas `ra raprasaet`tkva bo outura daf`vkbr. ]fa Lbip`ey astki`tas tfa vbc`tkckty bo kts lbiibe stblh be tfa m`ta bo nr`et d`sam be tfa kipckam vbc`tkckty bo pudcklcy tr`mam bptkbes be kts lbiibe stblh, wktf ` tari bo bea ya`r br nra`tar. ]fa Lbip`ey dackavas tf`t kipckam vbc`tkckty l`cluc`tam d`sam be `ltkvacy tr`mam bptkbes be kts lbiibe stblh ks ` dattar kemkl`tbr bo axpaltam vbc`tkckty `em outura stblh prkla traems tf`e fkstbrkl`c vbc`tkckty. ]fa `ssuiptkbes usam ke l`cluc`tken tfa o`kr v`cua bo stblh-d`sam `w`rms raprasaet tfa Lbip`ey‛s dast astki`tas, dut tfasa astki`tas kevbcva kefaraet uelart`ketkas `em tfa `ppckl`tkbe bo i`e`naiaet gumniaet. @s ` rasuct, ko  o`ltbrs lf`ena `em tfa Lbip`ey usas mkooaraet `ssuiptkbes, tfa Lbip`ey‛s stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa lbucm lbu cm da i`t i`tark ark`cc `ccy y mkoo mkooara araet et ke tfa out outura ura.. Ke `mm `mmktk ktkbe, be, tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey ks raq raqukr ukram am tb ast astki` ki`ta ta tfa axpaltam axpaltam pra-vastken pra-va stken `w`rm obroaktura r`ta, `s wacc `s tfa prbd`d prbd`dkckty kckty tf`t parobri parobri`ela `ela lbemktkbes lbemktkbes tf`t `ooalt tfa vastken bo  lart`ke `w`rms wkcc da `lfkavam, becy ralbnekza axpaesa obrLbip`ey‛s tfbsa sf`ras axpaltam `w`rms tb vast.tf`t ]fa`ra Lbip`ey astki`tas tfa obroaktura r`ta d`sam `em be fkstbrkl`c axparkaela bo tfa stblh-d`sam nr`etam `em l`elaccam daobra vastken. Ko tfa Lbip`ey‛s `ltu`c obroaktura r`ta ks i`tark`ccy mkooaraet orbi tfa Lbip`ey‛s brknke`c astki`ta, tfa stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa lbucm da sknekokl`etcy mkooaraet orbi wf`t tfa Lbip`ey f`s ralbrmam ke tfa lurraet parkbm. Lf`enas ke tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta l`e f`va ` sknekokl`et aooalt be rapbrta rap brtam m stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe axp axpaes aesa, a, `s tfa aoo aooalt alt bo `mg `mgust ustken ken tfa obr obroak oaktura tura r`t r`taa obr `cc lur lurrae raett `em pravkbuscy ralbnekzam axpaesa obr uevastam `w`rms ks ralbnekzam ke tfa parkbm tfa obroaktura astki`ta ks lf`enam. Ko tfa `ltu`c obroaktura r`ta ks fknfar tf`e tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta, tfae `e `mgustiaet wkcc da i`ma tb kelra`sa tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta, wfklf wkcc rasuct ke ` malra`sa tb tfa axpaesa ralbnekzam ke tfa oke`elk`c st`taiaets. Ko tfa `ltu`c obroaktura r`ta ks cbwar tf`e tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta, tfae `e `mgustiaet wkcc da i`ma tb cbwar tfa astki`tam obroaktura r`ta, wfklf wkcc rasuct ke `e kelra`sa tb tfa axpaesa ralbnekzam ke tfa oke`elk`c st`taiaets. \aa Ebta 04”–Aipcbyaa Daeaokts’ obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. ]fa Lbip`ey usas tfa –wktf `em wktfbut’ `pprb`lf `s maslrkdam ke AK]O ]bpkl Eb. M-<4 ke matarikeken tfa brmar ke wfklf t`x `ttrkdutas `ra utkckzam. @s ` rasuct, tfa Lbip`ey becy ralbnekzas ` t`x daeaokt orbi stblhd`sam `w`rms ke `mmktkbe`c p`km-ke l`pkt`c ko `e kelraiaet`c t`x daeaokt ks ra`ckzam `otar `cc btfar t`x `ttrkdutas lurraetcy `v`kc`dca tb tfa Lbip`ey f`va daae utkckzam. Ke `mmktkbe, tfa Lbip`ey `llbuets obr tfa kemkralt aooalts bo stblh-d`sam `w`rms be btfar t`x `ttrkdutas, sulf `s tfa rasa`rlf t`x lramkt, tfrbunf tfa kelbia st`taiaet. Bpar`tken `em L`pkt`c Ca`sas.   ]fa Lbip`ey ca`sas bookla sp`la `em m`t` laetars uemar bpar`tken ca`sas `em

lart`ke m`t` laetar aqukpiaet uemar l`pkt`c ca`sa `nraaiaets wktf brknke`c ca`sa parkbms up tb 4< ya`rs. @ssats `lqukram uemar l`pkt`c ca`sas `ra `ibrtkzam bvar tfa sfbrtar bo tfa rai`keken ca`sa tari br kts astki`tam usaouc ckoa wfklf ks naear`ccy tae tb okotaae ya`rs. Lart`ke bo tfa ca`sa `nraaiaets lbet`ke tae`et kiprbvaiaets, raet fbckm`ys, `em raet asl`c`tkbe prbvkskbes. Obr purpbsas bo ralbnekzken tfasa ca`sa kelaetkvas be ` str`knft-ckea d`sks bvar tfa tari bo tfa ca`sa, tfa Lbip`ey usas tfa m`ta bo kektk`c pbssasskbe tb danke `ibrtkz`tkbe. Ca`sa raeaw`c parkbms `ra lbeskmaram be ` ca`sa-dy-ca`sa d`sks `em `ra naear`ccy ebt kelcumam ke tfa parkbm bo str`knftckea ralbnektkbe. Obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey axpaesam `pprbxki`tacy $< ikcckbe bo  ketarast `em ralbrmam cass tf`e $0 ikcckbe bo `lluiuc`tam `ibrtkz`tkbe ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa l`pkt`c ca`sa.  Kelbia ]`xas.  Maoarram kelbia t`xas `ra matarikeam d`sam be tfa mkooaraelas datwaae tfa oke`elk`c rapbrtken `em t`x d`sas bo `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas `em `ra ia`suram usken tfa lurraetcy ae`ltam t`x r`tas `em c`ws. ]fa

?1

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Lbip`ey ralbrms ` v`cu`t Lbip`ey v`cu`tkbe kbe `ccbw`ela `n`kest `n`kest p`rtkl p`rtkluc`r uc`r maoarram kelbia t`x `ssat `ssatss ko kt ks ibra ckhacy tf`e ebt tf`t tfbsa `ssats wkcc ebt da ra`ckzam. ]fa prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas lbiprksas tfa Lbip`ey‛s lurraet t`x ck`dkckty `em lf`ena ke maoarram kelbia t`x `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas. \knekokl`e \knekok l`ett gum gumnia niaet et ks raq raqukra ukram m ke av` av`cu` cu`tke tken n tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s uel uelart art`ke `ke t`x pbs pbsktk ktkbes bes `em mat matari arikek keken en kts prbvk prb vksk skbe be obr ke kelb lbia ia t` t`xa xas. s. Ao Aooa oalt ltkv kvaa G` G`eu eu`r `ry y 0, 4: 4::> :>,, tf tfaa Lb Lbip ip`e `ey y `m `mbp bpta tam m tf tfaa pr prbv bvks kskb kbes es bo O@ O@\D \D Ketarprat`tkbe Eb. =6, –@llbuetken obr Qelart`kety ke Kelbia ]`xas’ (–OKE =6’). ]fa Lbip`ey ast`dcksfas rasarvas obr t`x-rac`tam uelart`ketkas d`sam be astki`tas bo wfatfar, `em tfa axtaet tb wfklf, `mmktkbe`c t`xas wkcc da mua. ]fasa rasarvas `ra ast`dcksfam wfae tfa Lbip`ey dackavas tf`t lart`ke pbsktkbes iknft da lf`ccaenam maspkta kts dackao tf`t kts t`x rature pbsktkbes `ra ke `llbrm`ela wktf `ppckl`dca t`x c`ws. ]fa Lbip`ey `mgusts tfasa rasarvas ke cknft bo lf`enken o`lts `em lkrluist`elas, sulf `s tfa lcbsken bo ` t`x `umkt, eaw t`x canksc`tkbe, br tfa lf`ena bo `e astki`ta. ]b tfa axtaet tf`t tfa oke`c t`x butlbia bo tfasa i`ttars ks mkooaraet tf`e tfa `ibuet `ib uetss ral ralbrm brmam, am, sul sulf f mko mkooar oarael aelas as wkc wkccc `oo `ooalt alt tfa prb prbvks vkskbe kbe obr kel kelbia bia t`x t`xas as ke tfa parkbm ke wfk wfklf lf sul sulf f matarike`tkbe ks i`ma. ]fa prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas kelcumas tfa aooalt bo rasarva prbvkskbes `em lf`enas tb rasarvas tf`t `ra lbeskmaram `pprbprk`ta, `s wacc `s tfa rac`tam eat ketarast `em pae`ctkas. \aa Ebta 0:”–Kelbia ]`xas’ obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe. Lbiprafaes Lbipr afaeskva kva Kelbia Kelbia..   Lbip Lbipra rafa faes eskv kvaa ke kelb lbia ia lb lbes esks ksts ts bo tw twb b lb lbip ipbe beae aets ts,, ea eatt ke kelb lbia ia `e `em m bt btfa farr

lbiprafaeskva (cbss). Btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia raoars tb n`kes `embia. cbssas tf`tLbip`ey‛s uemar ey‛s N@@Z `ra ralbrm ral brmam am `s `ekelbia acaiae aca iaet t bo stb stblhf lhfbcm bcmars ars‛‛ aqu aqukty kty dut `ra (cbss) axlcum axl cumam am orbi eat kel kelbia . ]fa Lbip` btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia (cbss) ks lbiprksam bo obrakne lurraely tr`esc`tkbe `mgustiaets `em uera`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas be i`rhat`dca madt `em aqukty salurktkas l`tanbrkzam `s `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca, `s wacc `s tfa Lbip`ey‛s sf`ra bo kts aqukty kevastaas‛ obrakne lurraely tr`esc`tkbe `mgustiaets. L`sf `em L`sf Aqukv`caets, Aqukv`caets, \fbrt `em Cben-]ari I`rhat`dca Madt \alur \alurktkas ktkas..  ]fa Lbip`ey kevasts kts axlass

l`sf ke ibe l`sf ibeay ay i`r i`rhat hat oue ouems ms `em ckqukm ckqukm mad madtt kes kestrui truiaet aetss bo tfa Q.\. Nbv Nbvare areiae iaett `em kts `na `naelk elkas, as, st`ta iueklkp`cktk iueklk p`cktkas, as, `em ke fknf-qu`ckty lbrpbr`ta lbrpbr`ta kssua kssuars rs wfklf `ra lc`ss lc`sskokam kokam `s i`rhat i`rhat`dca `dca madt salur salurktkas ktkas.. @cc kevastiaets wktf `e brknke`c i`turkty bo tfraa ibetfs br cass `ra lbeskmaram l`sf aqukv`caets. Kevastiaets wktf aooaltk aooa ltkva va i`t i`turk urktka tkass bo cas casss tf` tf`e e 04 ibe ibetfs tfs orb orbi i tfa d`c`ela d`c`ela sfa sfaat at m`t m`taa `ra lc` lc`ssk sskoka okam m `s lur lurrae raett `ss `ssats ats.. Kevastiaets wktf aooaltkva i`turktkas nra`tar tf`e 04 ibetfs orbi tfa d`c`ela sfaat m`ta `ra lc`sskokam `s cbentari `ssats. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s i`rhat`dca i`rhat`dca madt salur salurktkas ktkas `ra lc`ss lc`sskokam kokam `s `v`kc` `v`kc`dca-obr dca-obr-s`ca -s`ca `em `ra rapbrtam `t o`kr v`cua, wktf uera`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas, eat bo t`x, ralbrmam ke `lluiuc`tam btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia (cbss). Ta`ckzam n`kes br cbssas `em malckeas ke v`cua gumnam tb da btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry, ko `ey, be `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas `ra rapbrtam ke btfar kelbia, eat. ]fa Lbip`ey av`cu`tas tfa kevastiaets parkbmkl`ccy obr pbsskdca btfar-tf`etaipbr`ry kip`kriaet `em ravkaws o`ltbrs sulf `s tfa caentf bo tkia `em axtaet tb wfklf o`kr v`cua f`s daae dacbw lbst d`sks, tfa oke`elk`c lbemktkbe bo tfa kssuar `em tfa Lbip`ey‛s `dkckty `em ketaet tb fbcm tfa kevastiaet obr ` par parkbm kbm bo tki tkiaa wfk wfklf lf i`y da suo suookl oklkae kaett obr `et `etklk klkp`t p`tam am ral ralbva bvary ry ke i`r i`rhat hat v`cua. v`cua. Ko `pp `pprbp rbprk` rk`ta, ta, tfa Lbip`e Lbi p`ey y ral ralbrm brmss kip kip`kr `kriae iaett lf` lf`rna rnass aqu aqu`c `c tb tfa `ib `ibuet uet tf` tf`tt tfa l`r l`rryke ryken n v`c v`cua ua bo kts `v` `v`kc` kc`dca dca-ob -obr-s r-s`ca `ca salurkt sal urktkas kas axl axlaam aamss tfa astki`tam astki`tam o`k o`krr i`rh i`rhat at v`c v`cua ua bo tfa salurktka salurktkass `s bo tfa av` av`cu` cu`tkb tkbe e m`t m`ta. a. Ke lbi lbiput putken ken ra`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas be `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas, tfa Lbip`ey matarikeas lbst d`sam be `ibuets p`km, kelcumken mkralt lbsts sulf `s lbiiksskbes tb `lqukra tfa salurkty, usken tfa spalkokl kmaetkokl`tkbe iatfbm. Murken tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, nrbss ra`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas be `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca madt salurktkas wara ebt i`tark`c. Lbelaetr`tkbe bo Tksh.  Oke`elk`c kestruiaets tf`t pbtaetk`ccy sudgalt tfa Lbip`ey tb sknekokl`et lbelaetr`tkbe bo 

lramkt rksh lbeskst prki`rkcy bo l`sf, l`sf aqukv`caets, i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas, `em l`pkt`c `llbuets ]fa Lbip`ey‛s l`sf `em madt kevastiaet pbckly `em str`tany `ttaipt prki`rkcy tb prasarva `emralakv`dca. iaat ckqukmkty ??

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) raqukraiaets. @ pbrtkbe bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s l`sf ks i`e`nam dy axtare`c i`e`nars wktfke tfa nukmackeas bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s kevastiaet pbckly. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s kevastiaet pbckly ckikts tfa `ibuet bo lramkt axpbsura tb `ey bea lbrpbr`ta kssuar. [`fbb! prbtalts `em prasarvas kevastam ouems dy ckiktken mao`uct, i`rhat, `em rakevastiaet rksh. ]b `lfkava tfks bdgaltkva, tfa Lbip`ey i`ket`kes kts pbrtobckb bo l`sf `em l`sf aqukv`caets `em sfbrt-tari `em cben-tari cben-ta ri kev kevast astiae iaets ts ke ` v`r v`rkat katy y bo okx okxam am kel kelbia bia sal salurk urktka tkas, s, kel kelcum cumken ken dbt dbtf f nbv nbvare areiae iaett `em fkn fknfcy fcy r`ta r`tam m lbrpbr`ta bdckn`tkbes `em ibeay i`rhat ouems. @llbuets ralakv`dca `ra typkl`ccy uesaluram `em `ra markvam orbi ravaeu rav aeuas as a`r a`ream eam orb orbi i lus lustbi tbiars ars.. ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y par parobr obris is ben benbke bken n lra lramkt mkt av` av`cu` cu`tkb tkbes es bo kts lus lustbi tbiars ars `em i`ket` i`k et`kes kes `cc `ccbw` bw`ela elass obr pbt pbtaet aetk`c k`c lra lramkt mkt cbs cbssas sas.. Fks Fkstbrk tbrkl`c l`ccy, cy, sul sulf f cbs cbssas sas f`v f`vaa daa daae e wkt wktfke fke i`e i`e`na `naiae iaet‛s t‛s axpalt`tkbes. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6, eb bea lustbiar `llbuetam obr 0: parlaet br ibra bo tfa `llbuets ralakv`dca d`c`ela `em eb bea lustbiar `llbuetam obr 0: parlaet br ibra bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s ravaeuas obr 4::?, 4::>, br 4::6. Zrbparty `em Aqukpiaet.   Dukcmkens `ra st`tam `t lbst `em mapralk`tam usken tfa str`knft-ckea iatfbm bvar tfa

astki`tam usaouc ckvas bo 41 ya`rs. Ca`safbcm kiprbvaiaets `ra `ibrtkzam bvar tfa cassar bo tfakr axpaltam usaouc ckvas `em tfa rai`keken ca`sa tari. Lbiputars `em aqukpiaet `em ourektura `em okxturas `ra st`tam `t lbst `em mapralk`tam usken tfa str`knft-ckea iatfbm bvar tfa astki`tam usaouc ckvas bo tfa `ssats, naear`ccy twb tb okva ya`rs. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbnekzam mapralk`tkbe axpaesa be prbparty `em aqukpiaet bo `pprbxki`tacy $<:4 ikcckbe, $=:; ikcckbe, `em $1:; ikcckbe obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy. Zrbparty Zrbpart y `em aqukpiae aqukpiaett tb da fac facm m `em usam `ra ravkawam ravkawam obr kip kip`kr `kriae iaett wfa wfaeav eavar ar ava avaets ets br lf` lf`ena enass ke lkrl lk rlui uist st`e `ela lass ke kemk mkl` l`ta ta tf tf`t `t tf tfaa l` l`rry rryke ken n v` v`cu cuaa bo tf tfaa `s `ssa sats ts i` i`y y eb ebtt da ra ralb lbva var` r`dc dca. a. Ma Mata tari rike ke`t `tkb kbe e bo  ralbvar`dkckty ks d`sam be tfa cbwast cavac bo kmaetkok`dca astki`tam uemkslbuetam outura l`sf ocbws rasuctken orbi tfa usa bo tfa `ssat `em kts avaetu`c mkspbsktkbe. Ia`suraiaet bo `ey kip`kriaet cbss obr cben-ckvam `ssats tf`t i`e`naiaet axpalts tb fbcm `em usa ks d`sam be tfa axlass bo tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa `ssat bvar kts o`kr v`cua. Eb kip`kriaets bo sulf `ssats wara kmaetkokam murken `ey bo tfa parkbms prasaetam.  Ketare`c Qsa \botw`ra `em ^adskta Mavacbpiaet Lbsts.  ]fa Lbip`ey l`pkt`ckzam lart`ke ketare`c usa sbotw`ra

`em ^adskta mavacbpiaet lbsts tbt`cken `pprbxki`tacy $6= ikcckbe, $000 ikcckbe, `em $0=; ikcckbe murken 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy. ]fa astki`tam usaouc ckoa bo lbsts l`pkt`ckzam ks av`cu`tam obr a`lf spalkokl prbgalt `em r`enas orbi bea `em ` f`co tb tfraa ya`rs. Murken 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, tfa `ibrtkz`tkbe bo l`pkt`ckzam lbsts tbt`cam `pprbxki`tacy $0= ikcckbe, $=6 ikcckbe, `em $60 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. L`pkt`ckzam ketare`c usa sbotw`ra `em ^adskta mavacbpiaet mavacbpiaet lbsts `ra kelcum kelcumam am ke prbpar prbparty ty `em aqukpiaet, aqukpiaet, eat. Kelcumam ke tfa l`pkt`ckzam l`pkt`ckzam `ibuet `ibuetss `dbva `ra $0= ikcckbe, $0? ikcckbe, `em $44 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, bo stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa ke tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6. Nbbmwkcc.   Nbbmwkc Nbbmwkccc rap rapras rasaet aetss tfa axlass axlass bo tfa purlf`sa purlf`sa prk prkla la bva bvarr tfa o`kr v`c v`cua ua bo tfa eat t`e t`enkd nkdca ca `em

ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram ke ` duskeass lbidke`tkbe. Ke `llbrm`ela wktf \O@\ Eb. 0=4, –Nbbmwkcc `em Btfar Ket`enkdca @ssats’ (–\O@\ 0=4’), nbbmwkcc ks ebt `ibrtkzam, dut ks tastam obr kip`kriaet be `e `eeu`c d`sks `em datwaae datwaa e `eeu` `eeu`cc tasts ke lart` lart`ke ke lkrlui lkrluist`el st`elas. as. ]fa parobr parobri`ela i`ela bo tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet kip`kriaet tast kevbcvas ` twb-stap prblass. ]fa okrst stap kevbcvas lbip`rken tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s rapbrtken uekts tb tfakr l`rryk l`r ryken en v`c v`cuas uas,, kel kelcum cumken ken nbb nbbmwk mwkcc. cc. ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s rap rapbrt brtken ken uek uekts ts `ra d`s d`sam am be nab nabnr` nr`pfy pfy,, akt aktfar far `t tfa bpar`t bpa r`tken ken san saniae iaett cav cavac ac br bea cavac dac dacbw bw bpa bpar`t r`tken ken san saniae iaets. ts. ]fa o`kr v`c v`cuas uas bo tfa rapbrtken rapbrtken uekts `ra astki`tam usken `e `var`na bo ` i`rhat `pprb`lf `em `e kelbia `pprb`lf `s tfks lbidke`tkbe ks maaiam tb da tfa ibst kemkl`tkva bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s o`kr v`cua ke `e brmarcy tr`es`ltkbe datwaae i`rhat p`rtklkp`ets. Ke `mmktkbe, tfa o`kr v`cuas astki`tam uemar tfasa twb `pprb`lfas `ra v`ckm`tam `n`kest a`lf btfar tb aesura lbeskstaely. Qemar tfa i`rhat `pprb`lf, tfa Lbip`ey utkckzas pudcklcy-tr`mam lbip`r`dca lbip`ey keobri`tkbe, spalkokl tb tfa rankbes ke wfklf tfa rapbrtken uekts bpar`ta, tb matarikea ravaeua `em a`rekens iuctkpcas tf`t `ra usam tb v`cua tfa rapbrtken uekts `mgustam obr `e astki`tam lbetrbc praikui. tfa uekt kelbia `pprb`lf, matarikeas o`kr v`cua d`sam be astki`tam outura l`sf ocbws bo a`lf Qemar rapbrtken mkslbuetam dytfa `e Lbip`ey astki`tam ?>

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) waknftam-`var`na lbst bo l`pkt`c, wfklf raocalts tfa bvar`cc cavac bo kefaraet rksh bo ` rapbrtken uekt `em tfa r`ta bo rature `e butskma kevastbr wbucm axpalt tb a`re. ]fa l`sf ocbw prbgaltkbes obr a`lf rapbrtken uekt `ra d`sam be ` okva-ya`r obral`st bo oraa l`sf ocbws, markvam orbi tfa ibst ralaet `eeu`c oke`elk`c obral`st, `em ` tarike`c v`cua d`sam be tfa Zarpat Zarpatukty ukty Nrbwtf Ibmac. ]fa sui bo tfa o`kr v`cuas bo tfa rapbrtken uekts ks ralbelkcam ralbelkcam tb tfa Lbip`ey‛s Lbip`e y‛s i`r i`rhat hat l`p l`pkt` kt`ckz ckz`tk `tkbe be `mg `mgust ustam am obr `e ast astki` ki`tam tam lbe lbetrbc trbc pra praiku ikui. i. Ko tfa l`r l`rryk ryken en v`c v`cua ua bo tfa rapbrtken uekt axlaams kts o`kr v`cua, tfa salbem stap bo tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet tast ks parobriam dy lbip`rken tfa l`rryken l`rryken v`cua bo tfa nbbmwkcc nbbmwkcc ke tfa rapbrtke rapbrtken n uek uektt tb kts kipckam kipckam o`k o`krr v`c v`cua. ua. @e kip kip`kr `kriae iaett lf` lf`rna rna ks ralbnekzam obr tfa axlass bo tfa l`rryken v`cua bo nbbmwkcc bvar kts kipckam o`kr v`cua. ]fa Lbip`ey lbemultam kts `eeu`c nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet tast `s bo Bltbdar <0, 4::6 `em matarikeam tf`t tfa o`kr v`cuas bo kts rapbrtken uekts, wktf tfa axlaptkbe bo tfa Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt, axlaamam tfakr l`rryken v`cuas tfaraobra nbbmwkcc ke tfbsa rapbrtken uekts w`s ebt kip`kram. ]fa Lbip`ey lbelcumam tf`t tfa l`rryken v`cua bo  tfa Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt axlaamam kts o`kr v`cua `em ralbrmam ` nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna bo `pprbxki`tacy $=66 ikcckbe. \aa Ebta 1”–Nbbmwkcc’ obr `mmktkbe`c keobri`tkbe.  Ket`enkdca @ssats.  Ket`enkdca `ssats `ra `ibrtkzam bvar tfakr astki`tam usaouc ckvas, naear`ccy be ` str`knft-ckea

d`sks bvar cass tf`e bea ya`r tb aknft ya`rs. ]fa Lbip`ey ravkaws kmaetkok`dca `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats tb da facm `em usam obr kip`kriaet wfaeavar avaets br lf`enas ke lkrluist`elas kemkl`ta tf`t tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa `ssats i`y ebt da ral `ssats ralbva bvar`d r`dca. ca. Mat Matari arike` ke`tkb tkbe e bo ral ralbva bvar`d r`dkck kckty ty ks d`s d`sam am be tfa cbw cbwast ast cav cavac ac bo kma kmaetko etkok`d k`dca ca astki`tam uemkslbuetam l`sf ocbws rasuctken orbi usa bo tfa `ssat `em kts avaetu`c mkspbsktkbe. Ia`suraiaet bo  `ey kip`kriaet cbss ks d`sam be tfa axlass bo tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa `ssat bvar kts o`kr v`cua.  Kevastiaets ke Aqukty Ketarasts.  Kevastiaets ke tfa lbiibe stblh bo aetktkas ke wfklf tfa Lbip`ey l`e axarlksa

sknekokl`et keocuaela sknekokl`et keocuaela dut mbas ebt bwe ` i`gbrk i`gbrkty ty aqukty ketara ketarast st br btfarw btfarwksa ksa lbetrbc `ra `llbu `llbuetam etam obr usken tfa aqukty aqu kty iat iatfbm fbm `em `ra kel kelcum cumam am `s kev kevast astiae iaets ts ke aqu aqukty kty keta ketaras rasts ts be tfa lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam d`c d`c`el `elaa sfa sfaats ats.. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrms kts sf`ra bo tfa rasucts bo tfasa lbip`ekas bea qu`rtar ke `rra`rs wktfke a`rekens ke aqukty ketaras keta rasts ts be tfa lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam st` st`tai taiaet aetss bo kel kelbia bia.. ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y rav ravkaw kawss kts kev kevast astiae iaets ts obr btf btfar-t ar-tf`e f`e-taipbr`ry kip`kriaet wfaeavar avaets br lf`enas ke duskeass lkrluist`elas kemkl`ta tf`t tfa l`rryken v`cua bo  tfa kevastiaet i`y ebt da ouccy ralbvar`dca. Kevastiaets kmaetkokam `s f`vken `e kemkl`tkbe bo kip`kriaet `ra sudgalt tb ourtfar `e`cysks tb matarikea ko tfa kip`kriaet ks btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry `em tfks `e`cysks raqukras astki` ast ki`tke tken n tfa o`k o`krr v`c v`cua ua bo tfa kev kevast astiae iaet. t. ]fa matarike` matarike`tkb tkbe e bo o`k o`krr v`c v`cua ua bo tfa kev kevast astiae iaett kev kevbcv bcvas as lbeskmarken o`ltbrs sulf `s tfa stblh prklas bo pudckl lbip`ekas ke wfklf tfa Lbip`ey f`s `e aqukty kevastiaet, lurraett albeb lurrae albebikl ikl `em i`rhat lbemkt lbemktkbes, kbes, tfa bpar`t bpar`tken ken parobri`ela bo tfa lbip`ekas kelcumken lurraet a`rekens traems `em obral`stam l`sf ocbws, `em btfar lbip`ey `em kemustry spalkokl keobri`tkbe. Obrakne Obrakn e Lurra Lurraely. ely.   ]fa oue oueltk ltkbe` be`cc lur lurrae raely ly bo tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s ket ketare are`tk `tkbe` be`cc sud sudskm skmk`r k`rkas kas ks av` av`cu` cu`tam tam be `

l`sa-dy-l`sa d`sks `em ks botae tfa cbl`c lurraely. ]fa oke`elk`c st`taiaets bo tfasa sudskmk`rkas `ra tr`esc`tam ketb Q.\. mbcc`rs usken parkbm-aem r`tas bo axlf`ena obr `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas `em `var`na r`tas bo axlf`ena obr tfaa pa tf parkb rkbm m ob obrr ra rava vaeu euas as `e `em m ax axpa paes esas as.. ]r ]r`e `esc sc`t `tkb kbe e n` n`ke kess (cb (cbss ssas as)) `r `raa ra ralb lbrm rmam am ke `l `llu luiu iuc` c`ta tam m bt btfa farr lbipra lbi prafae faeskv skvaa kel kelbia bia (cbs (cbss) s) `s ` lbi lbipbe pbeaet aet bo stb stblhf lhfbcm bcmars ars‛‛ aqu aqukty. kty. Ke `mm `mmktkb ktkbe, e, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y ral ralbrms brms tr`esc`tkbe n`kes (cbssas) rac`tam tb kts obrakne aqukty iatfbm kevastiaets ke `lluiuc`tam btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia (cbss). ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrms obrakne lurraely tr`es`ltkbe n`kes `em cbssas, ra`ckzam `em uera`ckzam ke

?6

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) btfar kelbia, eat be tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo kelbia. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrmam `pprbxki`tacy $1 ikcckbe `em $> ikcckbe bo eat n`kes ke 4::? `em 4::>, raspaltkvacy, `em $41 ikcckbe bo eat cbssas ke 4::6.

 Talaet @llbuetken Zrbebuelaiaets Ke Malaidar 4::>, tfa O@\D kssuam \O@\ Eb. 0=0 (ravksam 4::>), –Duskeass Lbidke`tkbes’ (–\O@\ 0=0T’), `em `e m \O@ \O@\ \ Eb Eb.. 0? 0?:, :, –@ –@ll llbu buet etke ken n `e `em m Ta Tapb pbrt rtke ken n bo Eb Ebee-lb lbet etrb rbcck ccken en Ke Keta tara rast st ke Lb Lbes esbc bckm km`t `tam am Oke Oke`e `elk lk`c `c \t`taiaets, `e `iaemiaet bo @TD 10’ (–\O@\ 0?:’), wfklf wkcc lf`ena tfa `llbuetken obr `em rapbrtken bo  duskea dus keass ss lbi lbidke dke`tk `tkbe be tr` tr`es` es`ltk ltkbes bes `em ebe ebelbe lbetrbc trbccke cken n ket ketara arasts sts ke lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam oke oke`el `elk`c k`c st` st`tai taiaet aets. s. ]fa prbvkskbes prbvks kbes bo \O@\ 0=0T `em \O@\ 0?: wara aooaltkva obr tfa Lbip` Lbip`ey ey be G`eu` G`eu`ry ry 0, 4::;. \O@\ 0=0T f`m eb kip`lt be pravkbuscy ralbrmam `lquksktkbes. \O@\ 0?: raqukras lf`enas ke lc`sskokl`tkbe `em prasaet`tkbe bo  ikebrkty ikebrkt y ketara ketarasts sts ke tfa lbesbckm`tam lbesbckm`tam d`c`el d`c`elaa sfaa sfaats, ts, st`taiaets bo kelbia kelbia,, `em st`taiaets st`taiaets bo stblh stblhfbcmar fbcmars‛ s‛ aqukty.

Ke Oadru`ry 4::6, tfa O@\D kssuam O@\D \t`oo Zbsktkbe (–O\Z’) Eb. O@\ 01>-4, –Aooaltkva M`ta bo O@\D \t`tai \t` taiaet aet Eb. 01> 01>’’ (–O\ (–O\Z Z O@\ 01>-4’), 01>-4’), wfklf mac`ys mac`ys tfa aooaltkv aooaltkvaa m`t m`taa bo \O@ \O@\ \ Eb. 01>, –O` –O`kr kr _`c _`cua ua Ia`suraiaet Ia`su raiaets’ s’ (–\O@\ 01>’) obr `cc ebe-oke`elk`c ebe-oke`elk`c `ssat `ssatss `em ebe-oke`elk`c ebe-oke`elk`c ck`dkc ck`dkcktkas ktkas,, axlap axlaptt tfbsa tf`t `ra ralbnekzam br mkslcbsam `t o`kr v`cua ke tfa oke`elk`c st`taiaets be ` ralurrken d`sks (`t ca`st `eeu`ccy) obr oksl`c ya`rs dankeeken `otar Ebvaidar 01, 4::6, `em ketarki parkbms wktfke tfbsa oksl`c ya`rs obr ktais wktfke tfa slbpa bo tfks O\Z. ]fa `mbptkbe bo O\Z O@\ 01>-4 ks ebt axpaltam tb f`va ` i`tark`c kip`lt be tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c pbsktkbe, l`sf ocbws, br rasucts bo bpar`tkbes. Ke @prkc 4::6, tfa O@\D kssuam O\Z Eb. O@\ 0=4-<, –Matarike`tkbe bo tfa Qsaouc Ckoa bo Ket`enkdca @ssats’ (–O\Z O@\ 0=4-<’), tb kiprbva tfa lbeskstaely datwaae tfa usaouc ckoa bo ` ralbnekzam ket`enkdca `ssat uemar \O@\ \O @\ 0= 0=4 4 `e `em m tf tfaa pa park rkbm bm bo ax axpa palt ltam am l` l`sf sf oc ocbw bwss us usam am tb ia ia`s `sur uraa tf tfaa o` o`kr kr v` v`cu cuaa bo tf tfaa `s `ssa satt ue uema marr \O@\ Eb. 0=0T. ]fa prbvkskbes bo O\Z O@\ 0=4-< wara aooaltkva obr tfa Lbip`ey be G`eu`ry 0, 4::; `em `ra ebt axpaltam tb f`va ` i`tark`c kip`lt be tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c pbsktkbe, l`sf ocbws, br rasucts bo bpar`tkbes. Ke I`y 4::6, tfa O@\D kssuam O\Z @llbuetken Zrkelkpcas Db`rm Bpkekbe (–@ZD’) Eb. 0=-0, –@llbuetken obr Lbev Lb evar artk tkdc dcaa Ma Madt dt Ke Kest stru ruia iaet etss ]f ]f`t `t I` I`y y Da \a \att ttca cam m ke L` L`sf sf up upbe be Lb Lbev evar arsk skbe be (K (Kel elcu cumk mken en Z` Z`rt rtk` k`cc L` L`sf sf \attcaiaet)’ (–O\Z @ZD 0=-0’), wfklf raqukras tfa kssuar bo lart`ke lbevartkdca madt kestruiaets tf`t i`y da sattcam ke l`sf (br btfar `ssat sattcam `ssats) s) be lbevar lbevarskbe skbe tb sap`r` sap`r`tacy tacy `llbuet obr tfa ck`dkckty (madt) `em aqukty (lbevarskbe bptkbe) lbipbeaets bo tfa kestruiaet ke ` i`eear tf`t raocalts tfa kssuar‛s ebelbevartkdca madt dbrrbwken r`ta. O\Z @ZD 0=-0 dal`ia aooaltkva obr tfa Lbip`ey be G`eu`ry 0, 4::; `em raqukras ratrb`ltkva `ppckl`tkbe. ]fa aooalt bo `ppcyken O\Z @ZD 0=-0 be tfa Lbip`ey‛s madt ks axpaltam tb ramula eat kelbia obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 dy $4: ikcckbe, $40 ikcckbe, `em $1 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. Ke Guea 4::6, tfa O@\D kssuam O\Z Eb. AK]O :<-?-0, –Matarikeken ^fatfar Kestruiaets Nr`etam ke \f`raD`sam Z`yiaet ]r`es`ltkbes @ra Z`rtklkp`tken \alurktkas’ (–O\Z AK]O :<-?-0’), wfklf raqukras aetktkas tb `ppcy tfa twb-lc`ss iatfbm bo lbiputken d`skl `em mkcutam a`rekens par sf`ra obr p`rtklkp`tken salurktkas tf`t kelcuma `w`rms tf`t `llrua l`sf mkvkmaems (wfatfar p`km br uep`km) `ey tkia lbiibe sf`rafbcmars ralakva mkvkmaems `em tfbsa mkvkmaems mb ebt eaam tb da ratuream tb tfa aetkty ko tfa aipcbyaa obroakts tfa `w`rm. O\Z AK]O :<-?-0 dal`ia dal `ia aoo aooalt altkva kva obr tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y be G`e G`eu`r u`ry y 0, 4:: 4::; ; `em raq raqukra ukrass rat ratrb` rb`ltk ltkva va `pp `ppckl ckl`tk `tkbe. be. ]fa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey matarikeam tf`t rastrkltam stblh uekts kssuam orbi tfa @iaemam `em Tast`tam 0;;? Mkraltbrs‛ \tblh Zc`e (tfa –Mkraltbrs‛ Zc`e’) `em rastrkltam stblh `w`rms kssuam orbi tfa Lbip`ey‛s @iaemam `em Tast`tam 0;;1 \tblh  Zc`e (tfa –0;;1 Zc`e’) l`rry mkvkmaem rknfts.(wfklf ]fa Lbip`ey f`s ourtfar av`cu`tam tfa kip`lt bo tfks st`em`rm `em `etklkp`tas tf`tueobroakt`dca kts ratrb`ltkva `ppckl`tkbe lbetaipc`tas tfa kip`lt bo O\Z @ZD 0=-0 `s ?;

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) mkslussam `dbva) wkcc rasuct ke `e axpaltam `mgustiaet bo $:.:4 be d`skl eat kelbia par sf`ra obr tfa ya`r aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::? :?,, `e ax axpa palt ltam am `m `mgu gust stia iaet et bo $: $:.: .:0 0 be d` d`sk skll ea eatt ke kelb lbia ia pa parr sf sf`r `raa ob obrr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Malaidar <0, 4::>, `em `e axpaltam kip`lt bo $:.:0 be mkcutam eat kelbia par sf`ra obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?. Eb kip`lt ks axpaltam be d`skl eat kelbia par sf`ra obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6. Eb kip`lt ks axpaltam be mkcutam eat kelbia par sf`ra obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6. Ke Ebvaidar 4::6, tfa O@\D r`tkokam tfa lbesaesus ra`lfam dy tfa AK]O be Kssua AK]O Eb. :6-?, –Aqukty Iatfbm Iat fbm Kev Kevast astiae iaett @ll @llbue buetke tken n Lbe Lbeskm skmar` ar`tkbe tkbes’ s’ (–A (–AK]O K]O :6:6-?’) ?’),, wfk wfklf lf lc` lc`rko rkokas kas tfa `ll `llbue buetke tken n obr lar lart`k t`ke e tr`es`ltkbes `em kip`kriaet lbeskmar`tkbes kevbcvken aqukty iatfbm kevastiaets. ]fa prbspaltkva prbvkskbes bo  AK]O :6-? wara aooaltkva obr tfa Lbip`ey be G`eu`ry 0, 4::;. ]fa `mbptkbe bo AK]O :6-? ks ebt axpaltam tb f`va ` i`tark`c kip`lt be tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c pbsktkbe, l`sf ocbws, br rasucts bo bpar`tkbes.

Ebta 4

D@\KL @EM MKCQ]AM EA] KELBIA ZAT \F@TA

D`skl eat kelbia par sf`ra ks lbiputam usken tfa waknftam `var`na euidar bo lbiibe sf`ras butst`emken murken tfa parkbm, axlcumken `ey uevastam rastrkltam stblh `w`rms tf`t `ra sudgalt tb rapurlf`sa. Mkcutam eat kelbia par sf`ra ks lbiputam usken tfa waknftam `var`na euidar bo lbiibe sf`ras `em, ko mkcutkva, pbtaetk`c lbiibe sf`ras butst`emken murken tfa parkbm. Zbtaetk`c lbiibe sf`ras lbeskst bo uevastam rastrkltam stblh `em rastrkltam stblh uekts, lbccaltkvacy raoarram tb `s –rastrkltam stblh `w`rms’ (usken tfa tra`sury stblh iatfbm), tfa kelraiaet`c lbiibe sf`ras kssu`dca upbe tfa axarlksa bo stblh bptkbes (usken tfa tra`sury stblh iatfbm), `em, prkbr tb @prkc 0, 4::6, tfa lbevarskbe bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s Ebtas (usken tfa ko-lbevartam iatfbm). Ke `ppcyken tfa tra`sury stblh iatfbm, tfa Lbip`ey l`cluc`tas pbtaetk`c t`x wkemo`ccs `em sfbrto`ccs dy kelcumken tfa kip`lt bo  prb obri` maoarram t`x `ssats. ]fa Lbip`ey t`has ketb `llbuet tfa aooalt be lbesbckm`tam eat kelbia par sf`ra bo mkcutkva salurktkas bo aetktkas ke wfklf tfa Lbip`ey fbcms aqukty ketarasts tf`t `ra `llbuetam obr usken tfa aqukty iatfbm. Obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, pbtaetk`ccy mkcutkva salurktkas raprasaetken `pprbxki`tacy 0:6 ikcckbe, 046 ikcckbe, `em 0=: ikcckbe sf`ras bo lbiibe stblh, raspaltkvacy, wara axlcumam orbi tfa lbiput`tkbe bo mkcutam a`rekens par sf`ra obr tfasa parkbms dal`usa tfakr aooalt wbucm f`va daae `etk-mkcutkva. ]fa obccbwken t`dca sats obrtf tfa lbiput`tkbe bo d`skl `em mkcutam eat kelbia par sf`ra (ke tfbus`ems, axlapt par sf`ra `ibuets)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0,

 D`skl7 Euiar`tbr7 Eatt kel Ea kelbi biaa obr obr d` d`sk skll l`c l`clu luc` c`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maebike`tbr7 ^akn ^a knft ftam am `v `var ar`n `naa lbi lbiib ibe e sf` sf`ra rass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^aknftam `var`na uevastam rastrkltam stblh sudgalt tb rapu ra purl rlf` f`ssa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maeb Ma ebik ike` e`tb tbrr obr obr d` d`sk skll l`c l`clu luc` c`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat kelbia par sf`ra ra” ”d`skl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

>:

4::?

4::>

4::6

$ >1 >10, 0,<; <;0 0

$ ?? ??:, :,:: ::: :

$ =4 =4=, =,4; 4;6 6

0,<; 0, <;<, <,=4 =4= =

0,<= 0, <=4, 4,>1 >1= =

0,<> 0, <>:, :,6; 6;6 6

(=,? (= ,?6< 6<)) 0,<6 0, <66, 6,>= >=0 0 $

:.1=

(<,> (< ,>?> ?>)) 0,<< 0, <<6, 6,;6 ;6> > $

:.=;

(0,= (0 ,=4 44) 0,<? 0, <?;, ;,=> =>? ? $

:.<0

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

Eat kel Eat kelbi biaa obr obr d` d`sk skll l`c l`clu luc` c`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ >10, >10,<; <;0 0 Aooalt bo mkcutkva salurktkas kssuam dy aqukty kevastaas . . . . . . . . . . . ”

$ ?? ??:, :,:: ::: : ”

$ =4=, =4=,4; 4;6 6 (00,1:0)

Eatt kel Ea kelbi biaa obr obr mk mkcu cuta tam m l`c l`clu luc` c`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ >1 >10, 0,<; <;0 0

$ ?? ??:, :,:: ::: :

$ =0 =04, 4,>; >;> >

0,<6 0, <66, 6,>= >=0 0

0,<< 0, <<6, 6,;6 ;6> >

0,<? 0, <?;, ;,=> =>? ?

4,0?= <:,0;? <?,161

>,=<> 44,=;4 <?,1>:

?,0=< 0?,10= >,;?6

0,=1 0, =1>, >,?6 ?6? ?

0,=: 0, =:1, 1,=6 =6? ?

0,=: 0, =::, :,0: 0:0 0

 Mkcutam7 Euiar`tbr7

Maebike`tbr7 Maeb Ma ebik ike` e`tb tbrr obr obr d` d`sk skll l`c l`clu luc` c`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^aknftam `var`na aooalt bo [`fbb! mkcutkva salurktkas7 Tastrkltam stblh `w`rms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \tblh bptkbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ebtas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maeb Ma ebik ike` e`tb tbrr obr obr mk mkcu cuta tam m l`c l`clu luc` c`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat kelbia par sf`ra ra” ”mkcutam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

:.14

$

:.=>

$

:.4;

Ebta < @LPQK\K]KBE\ ]fa obccbwken t`dca suii`rkzas sknekokl`et `lquksktkbes (kelcumken duskeass lbidke`tkbes, `ssat `lquksktkbes, `em str`tankl kevastiaets) lbipcatam murken tfa tfraa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 (ke ikcckbes)7

4::? [`fbb! > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ni`rhat Ke Kell.(* (*)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr `l `lqu quks kskt ktkb kbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4::> Tknf Tk nftt Ia Iamk mk`` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wkid Wk idr` r` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dcua Dc uaC Ckt ktfk fkui ui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr `l `lqu quks kskt ktkb kbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4::6 I`vae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr `l `lqu quks kskt ktkb kbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zurlf`sa Zrkl Zr klaa

Nbb Nb bmw mwkc kccc

@ibrtkz`dca Ket`enkdcas

$ <1 $ ?; $ =4

$ 0? $ ” $ 4>

$ 0; $ ” $ 40

$14= $14= $<:< $< :< $411 $4 11

$==: $==: $4=1 $4 =1 $44= $4 4=

$0:= $0:= $ >; $ =4

$0?; $0 ?;

$ >=

$006 $0 06

$0=< $ ;>

$ 6> $ 10

$ ?1 $ 10

(*) Murken 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram sf`ras ke Ni`rhat Kel. (–Ni`rhat’) obr $?0 ikcckbe. Murken 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram `mmktkbe`c sf`ras ke Ni`rhat obr $6 ikcckbe. ]r`es`ltkbes lbipcatam ke 4::?  \avae.  Be G`eu`ry 4;, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey `em \avae Eatwbrh Ckiktam (–\avae’), ` ca`mken @ustr`ck`e iamk`

lbip`ey, lbipcatam ` str`tankl p`rtearsfkp ke wfklf tfa Lbip`ey lbetrkdutam kts @ustr`ck`e Ketareat duskeass, [`fbb! @ustr`ck` @ustr`ck` `em Eaw Wa`c` Wa`c`em em (–[`f (–[`fbb! bb! @ustr` @ustr`ck`’), ck`’), `em \avae lbetrkdutam lbetrkdutam kts beckea `ssa `ssats, ts, tacavkskbe `em i`n`zkea lbetaet, `e bptkbe tb purlf`sa kts << parlaet bwearsfkp ketarast ke ibdkca sbcutkbes prbvkmar i.Eat Lbrpbr`tkbe Ctm, `em l`sf bo $> ikcckbe. ]fa Lbip`ey dackavam tfks str`tankl p`rtearsfkp `em tfa lbetrkdutkbe bo  tfa raspaltkva duskeassas wktf tfakr rklf iamk` `em aetart`keiaet lbetaet wbucm lra`ta ` lbiprafaeskva `em aen`nken beckea axparkaela obr cbl`c usars `em `mvartksars. ]fa Lbip`ey bdt`keam ` 1: parlaet aqukty bwearsfkp >0

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ketarast ke tfa eawcy obriam aetkty, wfklf bpar`tas `s –[`fbb! >.’ Zursu`et tb ` sf`rafbcmars `nraaiaet `em ` pbwar bo `ttbreay nr`etam dy \avae tb vbta lart`ke bo kts sf`ras, tfa Lbip`ey f`s tfa rknft tb vbta 1:.0 parlaet bo tfa but butst` st`emk emken en vbt vbtken ken ket ketara arasts sts ke [`f [`fbb! bb! > `em lbe lbetrb trbcc bva bvarr tfa m`y m`y-tb -tb-m` -m`y y bpa bpar`t r`tkbe kbess `em tfa tfarao raobra bra lbesbc lbe sbckm` km`tas tas [`f [`fbb! bb! >, wfk wfklf lf kel kelcum cumas as tfa bpa bpar`t r`tkbe kbess bo [`f [`fbb! bb! @us @ustr` tr`ck` ck`.. Obr `ll `llbue buetke tken n pur purpbs pbsas, as, tfa Lbip`ey ks lbeskmaram tb f`va `lqukram tfa `ssats lbetrkdutam dy \avae ke axlf`ena obr 1: parlaet bo tfa bwearsfkp bo [`fbb! @ustr`ck`. @llbrmkency, tfa Lbip`ey `llbuetam obr tfks tr`es`ltkbe ke `llbrm`ela wktf \O@\ Eb. 0=0 –Duskeass Lbidke`tkbes.’ ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla w`s $<1 ikcckbe kelcumken mkralt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts bo $4 ikcckbe. ]fa `ccbl`tkbe bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s sf`ra bo tfa `ssats `lqukram `em ck`dkcktkas `ssuiam d`sam be tfakr o`kr v`cuas w`s `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 L`sf `lq L`sf `lquk ukra ram m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ <, <,>? >?< < Btfar Btf ar t`enk t`enkdca dca `ssa `ssats ts `lquk `lqukram ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,=:: 4,=:: @ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats7 Lustbiar lbetr`lts, rac`tam rac`tkbesfkps, `em mavacbpam talfebcbny `em ketaccaltu`c prbparty rknft rkn ftss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06,? 06 ,?:: :: Nbbm Nb bmwk wkcc cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0?,: 0? ,:<: <: ]bt`c ]bt `c `ssat `ssatss `lqukr `lqukram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maoarr Mao arram am kelbi kelbiaa t`xas t`xas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt` ]b t`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

=:,>;< =:,>;< (?,:>1) (?,: >1) $<=, $< =,>0 >06 6

]fa `ibrtkz`dca `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats f`va usaouc ckvas ebt axlaamken savae ya`rs `em ` waknft waknftam am `var`na usaouc ckoa bo savae ya`rs. Eb `ibuets f`va daae `ccbl`tam tb ke-prblass rasa`rlf `em mavacbpiaet `em `pprbxki`tacy $0? ikcckbe f`s daae `ccbl`tam tb nbbmwkcc. Nbbmwkcc raprasaets tfa axlass bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bvar tfa o`kr v`cua bo  tfa eat t`enkdca `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram `em ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. @s ` rasuct bo tfks tr`es`ltkbe, tfa Lbip`ey‛s bwearsfkp ke [`fbb! @ustr`ck`, wfklf ks ebw p`rt bo [`fbb! >, malra`sam tb 1: parlaet. ]fa Lbip`ey aooaltkvacy ralbnekzam ` ebe-l`sf n`ke bo `pprbxki`tacy $<: ikcckbe raprasaetken tfa mkooaraela datwaae tfa o`kr v`cua bo [`fbb! @ustr`ck` `em kts l`rryken v`cua `mgustam obr tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbetkeuam bwearsfkp ke [`fbb! >. ]fks ebe-l`sf n`ke w`s `llbuetam obr `s ` l`pkt`c tr`es`ltkbe `em ralbrmam `s `mmktkbe`c p`km-ke l`pkt`c dal`usa bo lart`ke outura avaets tf`t lbucm `ooalt `ltu`c ra`ckz`tkbe bo tfa n`ke. ]fa Lbip`ey `csb ralbrmam ` ikebrkty ketarast bo $> ikcckbe rac`tam tb kts ramulam bwearsfkp bo [`fbb! @ustr`ck` `em \avae‛s rat`keam ketarast ke tfakr lbetrkdutam eat `ssats.  Kevastiaet ke Ni`rhat Kel.  Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram sf`ras ke Ni`rhat,

` ca` ca`mke mken n rat rat`kc `kc a-l a-lbiia biiarla rla prb prbvkm vkmar ar ke \bu \butf tf Hbr Hbra`, a`, obr $?0 ikc ikcckbe ckbe,, kel kelcum cumken ken mkr mkralt alt tr` tr`es` es`ltk ltkbe be lbs lbsts ts bo  `pprbxki`tacy $0 ikcckbe. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram `mmktkbe`c sf`ras ke Ni`rhat obr $6 ikcckbe. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey facm `e `pprbxki`ta 0: parlaet bwearsfkp ketarast ke Ni`rhat, wktf `e kevastiaet lbst d`sa tbt`cken $?; ikcckbe. Btfar @lquksktkbes”Duskeass Lbidke`tkbes.  Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram

tfraa btfar lbip`ekas wfklf wara `llbuetam obr `s duskeass lbidke`tkbes. ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla obr tfasa tfraa `lquksktkbes w`s $=4 ikcckbe `em lbeskstam bo $=0 ikcckbe ke l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe `em $0 ikcckbe bo mkralt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts. ]fa tbt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe bo $=0 ikcckbe cass l`sf `lqukram bo $0 ikcckbe rasuctam ke ` eat l`sf but l`sf butc`y c`y bo $=: ikcckbe. ikcckbe. Bo tfa purlf`sa purlf`sa prkla, prkla, $4> ikcckbe ikcckbe w`s `ccbl`ta `ccbl`tam m tb nbb nbbmwk mwkcc, cc, $40 ikc ikcckb ckbe e tb `ibrtkz `ib rtkz`dc `dcaa ket ket`en `enkdc kdcaa `ss `ssats ats,, `em $? ikcc ikcckbe kbe tb eat `ss `ssuia uiam m ck` ck`dkck dkcktka tkas. s. Ke lbe lbeeal ealtkb tkbe e wkt wktf f tfa tfasa sa dus duskea keass ss >4

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) lbidke`tkbes, tfa Lbip`ey `csb kssuam stblh-d`sam `w`rms v`cuam `t $4= ikcckbe wfklf ks daken ralbnekzam `s lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa bvar ` parkbm bo tfraa ya`rs. Nbbmwkcc raprasaets tfa axlass bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bvar tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa eat t`enkdca `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram `em ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey `csb lbipcatam kii`tark`c `ssat `lquksktkbes tf`t mkm ebt qu`ckoy `s duskeass lbidke`tkbes. ]r`es`ltkbes lbipcatam ke 4::>   Tknft Iamk`.  Be Gucy 00, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram Tknft Iamk` Kel. (–Tknft Iamk`’), `e beckea `mvartksken

axlf`ena. ]fa Lbip`ey dackavas tfa `lquksktkbe bo Tknft Iamk` ks `e ketanr`c pkala bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s str`tany tb dukcm tfa kemustry‛s ca`mken `mvartksken `em pudcksfken eatwbrh `em ks ` hay stap ke axalutken tfa Lbip`ey‛s cben-ta cbe n-tari ri str str`ta `tany ny tb lf` lf`ena ena fbw bec beckea kea `mv `mvart artksa ksars rs `em pud pudcks cksfar farss lbe lbeeal ealtt tb tfa tfakr kr `um `umkae kaelas las ke bea bpa bpae e `mvartksken lbiiuekty. ]fa purlf`sa prkla axlaamam tfa o`kr v`cua bo eat t`enkdca `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram orbi Tknft Iamk` `em `s ` rasuct, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam nbbmwkcc ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks tr`es`ltkbe. Qemar tfa taris bo tfa `nraaiaet, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram `cc bo tfa rai`keken aqukty ketarasts (kelcumken `cc butst`emken bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts) ke Tknft Iamk`. Tknft Iamk` stblhfbcmars wara p`km ke `pprbxki`tacy aqu`c p`rts l`sf `em sf`ras bo [`fbb! lbiibe stblh (`pprbxki`tacy 6 ikcckbe sf`ras) `em butst`emken Tknft Iamk` bptkbes `em obr, rastrkltam wara bo `ssuiam. Tknft Iamk` bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts `ra axarlks`dca br wkccstblh sattcauekts ke, sf`ras [`fbb! @ssuiam lbiibe stblh. ]fa `lquksktkbe obccbwam tfa Lbip`ey‛s 4: parlaet kevastiaet ke Tknft Iamk` ke Bltbdar 4::?. ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla bo $14= ikcckbe lbeskstam bo $4=1 ikcckbe ke l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe, $4<? ikcckbe ke aqukty lbeskmar`tkbe, $=: ikcckbe obr tfa kektk`c 4: parlaet kevastiaet, `em $< ikcckbe bo mkralt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts. ]fa $4=1 ikcckbe bo tbt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe cass l`sf `lqukram bo $0? ikcckbe rasuctam ke ` eat l`sf butc`y bo $44; ikcckbe. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa `lquksktkbe, tfa Lbip`ey kssuam stblh-d`sam `w`rms v`cuam `t $0>> ikcckbe wfklf ks daken ralbnekzam `s stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa `s tfa `w`rms vast bvar ` parkbm bo up tb obur ya`rs. ]fa `ccbl`tkbe bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bo tfa `ssats `lqukram `em ck`dkcktkas `ssuiam d`sam be tfakr o`kr v`cuas w`s `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 L`sf L`s f `lqukr `lqukram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 01, 01,1:6 1:6

Btfar t`enk Btfar t`enkdca dca `ssa `ssats ts `lquk `lqukram ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maoa Ma oarr rram am t`x t`x `ss `ssat atss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats7 Lustbia Lus tbiarr lbetr` lbetr`lts lts `em `em rac`t rac`tam am rac`t rac`tkbe kbesfk sfkps ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mavacb Mav acbpam pam tal talfeb febcbn cbny y `em p`t p`taet aetss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]r`ma ]r` ma e`ia e`ia,, tr`mai tr`mai`rh `rh,, `em mbi mbi`ke `ke e`i e`iaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nbbm Nb bmwk wkcc cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41,1=4 41,1=4 6,=4 6, =44 4 =4,<:: =4,<:: =4,=:: =4, =:: 0;,4:: 0;, 4:: ==:, == :,:; :;1 1

]bt`c ]bt `c `ssat `ssatss `lqukr `lqukram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ck`dkcktk Ck`dkc ktkas as `ssui `ssuiam am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maoarr Mao arram am kelbi kelbiaa t`xas t`xas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1;<,=?> 1;<,=? > (4>,>:: (4>, >::)) (=0,1?: (=0, 1?:))

]bt`c ]bt `c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$14=,4 $14 =,4:> :>

]fa `ibrtkz`dca `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats f`va usaouc ckvas ebt axlaamken savae ya`rs `em ` waknft waknftam am `var`na usaouc ckoa bo skx ya`rs ya`rs.. Eb `ibuets f`va daae `ccbl`tam `ccbl`tam tb ke-prb ke-prblass lass rasa`rlf rasa`rlf `em mavacbpiaet mavacbpiaet `em $==: ikcckbe f`s daae `ccbl`tam `ccbl` tam tb nbbmwk nbbmwkcc. cc. Nbbmwkcc raprasaets raprasaets tfa axlas axlasss bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bvar tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa eat t`enkdca ><

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram `em ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. ]fa nbbmwkcc ralbrmam ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks `lquksktkbe ks kelcumam ke tfa Q.\. saniaet.  Wkidr`.   Be Bl Bltb tbda darr =, 4: 4::> :>,, tf tfaa Lb Lbip ip`e `ey y `l `lqu qukra kram m Wk Wkid idr` r`,, Kel Kel.. (– (–Wk Wkid idr` r`’) ’),, ` pr prbv bvkm kmar ar bo aa-i` i`kc kc `e `em m

lbcc`dbr`tkbe sbotw`ra. ]fa Lbip`ey dackavas tfa `lquksktkbe bo Wkidr` wkcc ourtfar straentfae kts pbsktkbe ke ^ad i`k i`kcc `em axp axp`em `em tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s pra prasae saela la ke uek uekvar varskt sktkas kas,, si` si`cc cc `em iam iamkui kui dus duskea keassa ssas, s, `em sar sarvkl vklaa prbvkmarr p`rtea prbvkma p`rtears. rs. ]fa purlf` purlf`sa sa prkla axlaa axlaamam mam tfa o`kr v`cua bo eat t`enkd t`enkdca ca `em ket`e ket`enkdca nkdca `ssats `lqukram `lqukram orbi Wkidr` `em `s ` rasuct, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam nbbmwkcc ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks tr`es`ltkbe. Qemar tfa taris bo  tfa `nraaiaet, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram `cc bo tfa aqukty ketarasts (kelcumken `cc butst`emken bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts) ke Wkidr`. Wkidr` stblhfbcmars wara p`km ke l`sf `em butst`emken Wkidr` bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts wara `ssuiam. @ssuiam Wkidr` bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts `ra axarlks`dca obr, br wkcc sattca ke, sf`ras bo [`fbb! lbiibe stblh. ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla bo $<:< ikcckbe lbeskstam bo $4;: ikcckbe ke l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe, $00 ikcckbe ke aqukty `ssuiam/axlf`enam, `em $4 ikcckbe bo mkralt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts. ]fa $4;: ikcckbe bo tbt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe cass l`sf `lqukram bo $00 ikcckbe rasuctam ke ` eat l`sf butc`y bo $4>; ikcckbe. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa `lquksktkbe, tfa Lbip Lb ip`e `ey y ks kssu suam am st stbl blh-d h-d`s `sam am `w `w`r `rms ms v` v`cua cuam m `t $< $<6 6 ikc ikcck ckbe be wf wfkl klf f ks da dake ken n ra ralb lbne nekz kzam am `s st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa `s tfa `w`rms vast bvar ` parkbm bo up tb obur ya`rs. ]fa `ccbl`tkbe bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bo tfa `ssats `lqukram `em ck`dkcktkas `ssuiam d`sam be tfakr o`kr v`cuas w`s `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 L`sf `lqukr L`sf `lqukram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0:, 0:,??< ??< Btfar Btf ar t`enk t`enkdca dca `ssa `ssats ts `lquk `lqukram ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06,10; 06,10; @ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats7 Lustbia Lus tbiarr lbetr` lbetr`lts lts `em `em rac`t rac`tam am rac`t rac`tkbe kbesfk sfkps ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0<,4:: 0<, 4:: Mavacb Mav acbpam pam tal talfeb febcbn cbny y `em p`t p`taet aetss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?1,=:: ?1, =:: ]r`m ]r `maa e`i e`ia, a, tr` tr`ma mai` i`rh rh,, `em `em mbi` mbi`ke ke e`i e`iaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >:: >: : Nbbm Nb bmwk wkcc cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4==, 4= =,?1 ?11 1 ]bt`c `ssat ]bt`c `ssatss `lqukr `lqukram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ck`dkc Ck` dkcktk ktkas as `ssui `ssuiam am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maoarr Mao arram am kelbi kelbiaa t`xas t`xas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt`c ]bt `c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

<1<,0<> <1<,0< > (06,;0: (06, ;0:)) (<0,>4: (<0, >4:)) $<:4,1 $<: 4,1:> :>

]fa `ibrtkz`dca `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats f`va usaouc ckvas ebt axlaamken savae ya`rs `em ` waknft waknftam am `var`na usaouc ckoa bo obur ya`rs. Eb `ibuets f`va daae `ccbl`tam tb ke-prblass rasa`rlf `em mavacbpiaet `em $4=1 ikcckbe f`s daae `ccbl`tam `ccbl` tam tb nbbmwk nbbmwkcc. cc. Nbbmwkcc raprasaets raprasaets tfa axlas axlasss bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bvar tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa eat t`enkdca `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram `em ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. ]fa nbbmwkcc ralbrmam ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks `lquksktkbe ks kelcumam ke tfa Q.\. saniaet.  DcuaCktfkui.  Be Bltbdar 01, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram DcuaCktfkui, Kel. (–DcuaCktfkui’), `e beckea ncbd`c

`mvartksken eatwbrh. ]fa Lbip`ey dackavas tf`t DcuaCktfkui lbipcaiaets tfa Lbip`ey‛s ca`mken `mvartksken tbbcs tbb cs `em l`p l`p`dk `dkckt cktkas kas.. ]fa purlf`sa purlf`sa prk prkla la axl axlaam aamam am tfa o`k o`krr v`c v`cua ua bo tfa eat t`e t`enkd nkdca ca `em ket ket`en `enkdc kdcaa `ss `ssats ats `lqukram orbi DcuaCktfkui `em `s ` rasuct, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam nbbmwkcc ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks tr`es`ltkbe. Qemar tfa taris bo tfa `nraaiaet, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram `cc bo tfa aqukty ketarasts (kelcumken `cc butst`emken bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts) ke DcuaCktfkui. DcuaCktfkui stblhfbcmars wara p`km ke l`sf `em butst`emken DcuaCktfkui bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts wara `ssuiam. @ssuiam DcuaCktfkui bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh  uekts wkcc da axarlks`dca obr, br wkcc sattca ke, sf`ras bo [`fbb! lbiibe stblh. >=

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla bo $411 ikcckbe lbeskstam bo $4=1 ikcckbe ke l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe, $6 ikcckbe ke aqukty `ssuiam/axlf`enam, `em $4 ikcckbe bo mkralt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts. ]fa $4=1 ikcckbe bo tbt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe cass l`sf `lqukram bo $0: ikcckbe rasuctam ke ` eat l`sf butc`y bo $4<1 ikcckbe. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa `lquksktkbe, tfa Lbip Lb ip`e `ey y ks kssu suam am st stbl blh-d h-d`s `sam am `w `w`r `rms ms v` v`cua cuam m `t $= $=> > ikc ikcck ckbe be wf wfkl klf f ks da dake ken n ra ralb lbne nekz kzam am `s st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa `s tfa `w`rms vast bvar ` parkbm bo up tb obur ya`rs. ]fa `ccbl`tkbe bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bo tfa `ssats `lqukram `em ck`dkcktkas `ssuiam d`sam be tfakr o`kr v`cuas w`s `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 L`sf `lqukr L`sf `lqukram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0:, 0:,4<1 4<1 Btfar Btf ar t`enk t`enkdca dca `ssa `ssats ts `lquk `lqukram ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0<,=0? 0<,=0? @ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats7 Lustbia Lus tbiarr lbetr` lbetr`lts lts `em `em rac`t rac`tam am rac`t rac`tkbe kbesfk sfkps ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <:,<:: <:, <:: Mavacb Mav acbpam pam tal talfeb febcbn cbny y `em p`t p`taet aetss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00,::: 00, ::: ]r`m ]r `maa e`i e`ia, a, tr` tr`ma mai` i`rh rh,, `em `em mbi` mbi`ke ke e`i e`iaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0:: 0: : Ke-pr Ke -prbl blas asss rasa rasa`r `rlf lf `em `em ma mava vacb cbpi piae aett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:: 4: : Nbbm Nb bmwk wkcc cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44=, 44 =,<6 <61 1 ]bt`c `ssat ]bt`c `ssatss `lqukr `lqukram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ck`dkc Ck` dkcktk ktkas as `ssui `ssuiam am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maoarr Mao arram am kelbi kelbiaa t`xas t`xas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt`c ]bt `c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46;,?<? 46;,?< ? (0>,;=> (0>, ;=>)) (0?,?=: (0?, ?=:)) $411,: $41 1,:=; =;

]fa `ibrtkz`dca `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats f`va usaouc ckvas ebt axlaamken skx ya`rs `em ` waknftam `var`na usaouc ckoa bo  okva ya`rs. ]fa Lbip`ey `ccbl`tam $44= ikcckbe tb nbbmwkcc. Nbbmwkcc raprasaets tfa axlass bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bvar tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa eat t`enkdca `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram `em ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. ]fa nbbmwkcc ralbrmam ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks `lquksktkbe ks kelcumam ke tfa Q.\. ($0=4 ikcckbe) `em Ketare`tkbe`c ($64 ikcckbe) saniaets. Btfar @lquksktkbes”Duskeass Lbidke`tkbes.  Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram

twb btfar lbip`ekas wfklf wara `llbuetam obr `s duskeass lbidke`tkbes. ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla obr tfasa `lquksktkbes w`s $0:6 ikcckbe `em lbeskstam bo $0:? ikcckbe ke l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe `em $4 ikcckbe bo mkralt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts. ]fa tbt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe bo $0:? ikcckbe cass l`sf `lqukram bo $1 ikcckbe rasuctam ke ` eat l`sf butc`y bo $0:0 ikcckbe. Bo tfa purlf`sa prkla, $>= ikcckbe w`s `ccbl`tam tb nbbmwkcc, $<< ikcckbe tb `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats, $1 ikcckbe tb t`enkdca `ssats, $1 ikcckbe tb l`sf `lqukram, `em $; ikcckbe tb eat `ssuiam ck`dkcktkas. Nbbmwkcc raprasaets tfa axlass bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bvar tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa eat t`enkdca `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram `em ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. Btfar @lquksktkbes”@ssat @lquksktkbes.  Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram okva

lbip`ekas wfklf wara `llbuetam obr `s `ssat `lquksktkbes. ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla obr tfasa `lquksktkbes w`s $?0 ikcckbe `em lbesk lbeskstam stam bo $4< ikcckbe ke l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe lbeskmar`tkbe,, $<1 ikcckbe ke aqukty lbeskmar`tkb lbeskmar`tkbe, e, $4 ikcckb ikcckbe e bo  `ssuiam ck`dkcktkas, `em $0 ikcckbe bo mkralt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts. ]fa tbt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe bo $4< ikcckbe cass l`sf `lqukram bo $< ikcckbe rasuctam ke ` eat l`sf butc`y bo $4: ikcckbe. Obr `llbuetken purpbsas, `pprbxki`tacy $61 ikcckbe w`s `ccbl`tam `ccbl`tam tb `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca ket`enkdca `ssat `ssats, s, $4; ikcckb ikcckbe e tb eat `ssuiam ck`dkcktkas, ck`dkcktkas, prki`rkcy maoarram kelbia t`x ck`dkcktkas, $4 ikcckbe tb t`enkdca `ssats, `em $< ikcckbe tb l`sf `lqukram. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfasa `lquksktkbes, tfa Lbip`ey `csb kssuam stblh-d`sam `w`rms v`cuam `t $0; ikcckbe tf`t wkcc da ralbnekzam `s stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa bvar tfa eaxt tfraa ya`rs.

>1

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa rasucts bo bpar`tkbes obr Tknft Iamk`, Wkidr`, DcuaCktfkui, `em lart`ke btfar duskeass lbidke`tkbes f`va daae kelcumam ke tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo bpar`tkbes skela tfa lbipcatkbe bo tfa `lquksktkbes murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>. ]fa obccbwken ue`umktam ue`umktam prb obri` oke`el oke`elk`c k`c keobri`tkbe prasaets tfa lbidkeam rasucts bo tfa Lbip`ey `em tfa 4::> `lquksktkbes `s ko tfa `lquksktkbes f`m bllurram `t tfa dankeeken bo 4::? (ke tfbus`ems, axlapt par sf`ra `ibuets)7

Eat rava Eat ravaeu euas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eatt kel Ea kelbi biaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eatt ke Ea kelb lbia ia pa parr sf sf``ra ra”d ”d`s `skl kl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eatt ke Ea kelb lbia ia pa parr sf sf``ra ra”m ”mkc kcu uta tam m .........................................

[a`r Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

[a`r Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>

$?,144 $?,1 44,; ,;1; 1; $ ?: ?:>, >,4: 4:6 6 $ :.= :. == $ :.= :. =0

$>,:1= $>,: 1=,6 ,666 66 $ 10 100, 0,61 616 6 $ :.<6 :. <6 $ :.<? :. <?

]fa `dbva ue`umktam prb obri` oke`elk`c keobri`tkbe kelcumas `mgustiaets obr ketarast kelbia be l`sf mksdursam obr tfa `lquksktkbes, `ibrtkz`tkbe bo kmaetkok`dca ket`enkdca `ssats, stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa, `em rac`tam t`x aooalts.

]r`es`ltkbes lbipcatam ke 4::6  I`vae.  Be Oadru`ry 00, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram I`vae Eatwbrhs, Kel. (–I`vae’), ` ca`mken beckea vkmab

pc`tobri prbvkmar. ]fa Lbip`ey dackavas tf`t I`vae wkcc `sskst tfa Lbip`ey ke axp`emken st`ta-bo-tfa-`rt lbesuiar vkmab `em `mvartksken axparkaelas be [`fbb! `em tfa Lbip`ey‛s eatwbrh bo vkmab pudcksfars `lrbss tfa ^ad. ]fa purlf`sa prkla axlaamam tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa eat t`enkdca `em kmaetkok`dca ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram orbi I`vae `em `s ` rasuct, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam nbbmwkcc ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks tr`es`ltkbe. Qemar tfa taris bo tfa `nr `nraai aaiaet aet,, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y `lq `lqukr ukram am `cc bo tfa aqu aqukty kty ket ketara arasts sts (ke (kelcu lcumke mken n `cc but butst` st`emk emken en bpt bptkbe kbess `em rastrkltam stblh uekts) ke I`vae. I`vae stblhfbcmars wara p`km ke l`sf `em butst`emken I`vae bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts wara `ssuiam. @ssuiam I`vae bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts `ra axarlks`dca obr, br wkcc sattca ke, sf`ras bo [`fbb! lbiibe stblh. ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla bo $0=< ikcckbe lbeskstam bo $0=0 ikcckbe ke l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe `em $4 ikcckbe bo mkralt tr`es` tr` es`ltk ltkbe be lbs lbsts. ts. Ke lbe lbeeal ealtkbe tkbe wkt wktf f tfa `lq `lquks uksktkb ktkbe, e, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y kss kssuam uam stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am `w` `w`rms rms v`c v`cuam uam `t $40 ikcckbe wfklf ks daken ralbnekzam `s stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa `s tfa `w`rms vast bvar ` parkbm bo  up tb obur ya`rs. ]fa `ccbl`tkbe bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bo tfa `ssats `lqukram `em ck`dkcktkas `ssuiam d`sam be tfakr o`kr v`cuas w`s `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 L`sf `l L`sf `lqu qukr kram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr t`en t`enkd kdca ca `ss `ssat atss `lqu `lqukr kram am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats7 Lust Lu stbia biarr lbet lbetr` r`lt ltss `em `em rac` rac`ta tam m rac` rac`tk tkbe besf sfkp kpss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mava Ma vacbp cbpam am tal talfe febc bcbn bny y `em `em p`ta p`taet etss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]r`m ]r `maa e`i e`ia, a, tr` tr`ma mai` i`rh rh,, `em `em mbi` mbi`ke ke e`i e`iaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nbbm Nb bmwk wkcc cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt`cc `ssa ]bt` `ssats ts `lq `lquk ukra ram m . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . Ck`d Ck `dkc kckt ktka kass `ssu `ssuia iam m . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. Maoa Ma oarr rram am kel kelbi biaa t`xa t`xass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt` ]b t`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >?

$

41> 41> 0?,6 0? ,6?; ?; >,0:: >,0: : 1>,0 1> ,0:: :: 0,4: 0, 4:: : 6>,= 6> ,=:= :=

0?;,;< 0?;, ;<: : (<,?4 (<, ?46) 6) (4<,= (4< ,=61 61)) $0=4 $0 =4,6 ,60> 0>

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa `ibrtkz`dca `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats f`va usaouc ckvas ebt axlaamken skx ya`rs `em ` waknftam `var`na usaouc ckoa bo  okva ya`rs. Eb `ibuets f`va daae `ccbl`tam tb ke-prblass rasa`rlf `em mavacbpiaet `em $6> ikcckbe f`s daae `ccbl`tam `ccbl` tam tb nbbmwk nbbmwkcc. cc. Nbbmwkcc raprasaets raprasaets tfa axlas axlasss bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bvar tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa eat t`enkdca `em kmaetkok`dca ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram `em ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. ]fa nbbmwkcc ralbrmam ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks `lquksktkbe ks prki`rkcy kelcumam ke tfa Q.\. saniaet. Btfar @lquksktkbes”Duskeass Lbidke`tkbes.  Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram

twb btfar lbip`ekas, wfklf wara `llbuetam obr `s duskeass lbidke`tkbes. ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa prkla obr tfasa `lquks `lq uksktkb ktkbes es w`s $>0 ikc ikcckbe ckbe `em lbe lbesks skstam tam bo $?6 ikcckbe ikcckbe ke l`s l`sf f lbe lbeskm skmar` ar`tkb tkbe e `em $< ikc ikcckb ckbe e bo mkr mkralt alt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts. ]fa tbt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe bo $?6 ikcckbe cass l`sf `lqukram bo $41 ikcckbe rasuctam ke ` eat l`sf l`s f but butc`y c`y bo $=< ikcckbe. ikcckbe. Bo tfa purlf`sa purlf`sa prkla, prkla, $10 ikcckbe ikcckbe w`s `ccbl`ta `ccbl`tam m tb nbb nbbmwk mwkcc, cc, $01 ikc ikcckb ckbe e tb `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats, $; ikcckbe tb t`enkdca `ssats, $41 ikcckbe tb l`sf `lqukram, `em $<: ikcckbe tb eat `ssuiam ck`dkcktkas. Nbbmwkcc raprasaets tfa axlass bo tfa purlf`sa prkla bvar tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa eat t`enkdca `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram `em ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. Btfar @lquksktkbes”@ssat @lquksktkbes.  Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram bea

lbip`ey, lbip`e y, wfk wfklf lf w`s `llbueta `llbuetam m obr `s `e `ss `ssat at `lquks `lquksktk ktkbe. be. ]fa tbt`c purlf`sa purlf`sa prkl prklaa w`s $4? ikc ikcckb ckbe e `em lbesks lbe skstam tam bo $41 ikc ikcckb ckbe e ke l`s l`sf f lbe lbeskm skmar` ar`tkb tkbe, e, `em $0 ikcc ikcckbe kbe bo mkr mkralt alt tr` tr`es` es`ltk ltkbe be lbs lbsts. ts. Obr `ll `llbue buetke tken n purpbsas, purpbsa s, `pp `pprbx rbxki` ki`tac tacy y $<? ikc ikcckb ckbe e w`s `cc `ccbl` bl`tam tam tb `ib `ibrtkz rtkz`dc `dcaa ket ket`en `enkdca kdca `ss `ssats ats `em $0: ikc ikcckbe ckbe tb eat `ssuiam ck`dkcktkas, prki`rkcy maoarram kelbia t`x ck`dkcktkas. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa `lquksktkbe, tfa Lbip`ey `csb kssuam stblh-d`sam `w`rms v`cuam `t `pprbxki`tacy $= ikcckbe wfklf ks daken ralbnekzam `s stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa `s tfa `w`rms vast bvar ` parkbm bo up tb tfraa ya`rs. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s duskeass lbidke`tkbes lbipcatam ke 4::6 mb ebt f`va ` i`tark`c kip`lt be tfa Lbip`ey‛s rasucts bo bpar`tkbes, `em tfaraobra prb obri` mkslcbsuras f`va ebt daae prasaetam.

Ebta =

KE_A\]IAE]\ KE APQK][ KE]ATA\]\

@s bo Malaidar <0,  kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts  lbeskstam bo tfa obccbwken (mbcc`rs ke tfbus`ems)7

4::>

@ckd`d @ckd `d`` Nrb Nrbup up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ckd @c kd`d `d`. `.llbi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [`fb [` fbb! b! G` G`p` p`e e ................................................ Btfa Bt farr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::6

$0,= $0 ,==: =:,4 ,4>6 >6 $4,4 $4,40? 0?,? ,?1; 1; 0::, 0: :,6: 6:= = 10,;;; 10,; ;; ?<?, ?< ?,0? 0?= = ;:1, ;: 1,?> ?>4 4 <,?> <, ?>0 0 <,00 <, 001 1

]bt`c ]bt `c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4, $4,06: 06:,;0 ,;0> >

Zarlaet Bwearsfkp bo  Lbiibe \tblh

==% ==% 0% <=%

$<,0>> $<, 0>>,== ,==1 1

 Aqukty Kevastiaet ke @ckd`d` Nrbup.  Be Bltbdar 4<, 4::1, tfa Lbip`ey `lqukram `pprbxki`tacy =? parlaet bo 

tfa but butst` st`emk emken en lbi lbiibe ibe stb stblh lh bo @ck @ckd`d d`d`` Nrb Nrbup up Fbc Fbcmke mken n Cki Ckikta ktam m (–@ (–@ckd ckd`d` `d` Nrb Nrbup’ up’), ), wfk wfklf lf rap rapras rasaet aetam am `pprbxki`tacy =: parlaet be ` ouccy mkcutam d`sks, ke axlf`ena obr $0.: dkcckbe ke l`sf, tfa lbetrkdutkbe bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s Lfke`-d`sam duskeassas, kelcumken <>40 Eatwbrh \botw`ra Lbip`ey Ckiktam (–[`fbb! Lfke`’), `em mkralt tr`es`ltkbe lbsts bo $6 ikcckbe. Zursu`et tb tfa taris bo ` sf`rafbcmar `nraaiaet, tfa Lbip`ey f`s `e `pprbxki`ta <1 parlaet vbtken ketarast ke @ckd`d` Nrbup, wktf tfa rai`kemar bo kts vbtken rknfts sudgalt tb ` vbtken `nraaiaet wktf @ckd`d` Nrbup i`e`naiaet. Btfar kevastbrs ke @ckd`d` Nrbup kelcuma \BO]D@EH. @ckd`d @ck d`d`` Nrb Nrbup up ks ` prk prkv`t v`tacy acy-fa -facm cm lbi lbip`e p`ey. y. ]fr ]frbun bunf f kts kev kevast astiae iaett ke @ck @ckd`d d`d`` Nrb Nrbup, up, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y f`s >>

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) lbidkeam kts sa`rlf l`p`dkcktkas wktf @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s ca`mken beckea i`rhatpc`la `em beckea p`yiaet systai `em @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s strben cbl`c prasaela, axpartksa, `em vkskbe ke tfa Lfke` i`rhat. ]fasa o`ltbrs lbetrkdutam tb ` purlf`sa prkla ke axlass bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s sf`ra bo tfa o`kr v`cua bo @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s eat t`enkdca `em ket`enkdca `ssats `lqukram rasuctken ke nbbmwkcc. ]fa kevastiaet ke @ckd`d` Nrbup ks daken `llbuetam obr usken tfa aqukty iatfbm, `em tfa tbt`c kevastiaet, kelcumken eat t`enkdca `ssats, kmaetkok`dca ket`enkdca `ssats `em nbbmwkcc, ks lc`sskokam `s p`rt bo kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts be tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrms kts sf`ra bo tfa rasucts bo  @ckd`d`` Nrbup `em `ey rac`ta @ckd`d rac`tam m `ibrtkz `ibrtkz`tkbe `tkbe axpaesa, axpaesa, bea qu`rtar ke `rra`r `rra`rs, s, wktfke a`reke a`rekens ns ke aqukty ketarasts ketarasts ke tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo kelbia. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s kektk`c purlf`sa prkla w`s d`sam be `lqukrken ` =: parlaet aqukty ketarast ke @ckd`d` Nrbup be ` ouccy oucc y mkc mkcuta utam m d`s d`sks8 ks8 fbw fbwava avar, r, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y `lq `lqukr ukram am ` =? par parlae laett ket ketara arast st d`s d`sam am be but butst` st`emk emken en sf` sf`ras ras.. Ke `ccbl`tken tfa kektk`c axlass bo tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa kevastiaet ke @ckd`d` Nrbup bvar kts prbpbrtkbe`ta sf`ra bo tfa eat `ssats bo @ckd`d` Nrbup, tfa Lbip`ey `ccbl`tam ` pbrtkbe bo tfa axlass tb nbbmwkcc tb `llbuet obr tfa astki`tam ramultkbes ke tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa kevastiaet ke @ckd`d` tf`t i`y bllur `s tfa Lbip`ey‛s aqukty ketarast ks mkcutam tb =: parlaet. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey‛s bwearsfkp ketarast ke @ckd`d` Nrbup w`s `pprbxki`tacy == parlaet lbip`ram tb =< parlaet `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::>. ]fa 0 parlaet kelra`sa ks mua tb `e kelra`sa ke bwearsfkp ketarast rasuctken orbi tfa axlf`ena bo lart`ke @ckd`d` Nrbup sf`ras pravkbuscy facm dy aipcbyaas obr sf`ras ke @ckd`d`.lbi @ckd`d `.lbi Ckikta Ckiktam, m, tfa duske duskeass-t ass-tb-dusk b-duskeass eass a-lbii a-lbiiarla arla sudsk sudskmk`ry mk`ry bo @ckd`d @ckd`d`` Nrbup, (–@ckd`d`.lbi’), (–@ckd`d`.lbi’), p`rtcy boosat dy ` malra`sa ke bwearsfkp ketarast rasuctken orbi tfa axarlksa bo @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s aipcbyaa stblh  bptkbes. Ke tfa kektk`c pudckl booarken (–KZB’) bo @ckd`d`.lbi be Ebvaidar ?, 4::>, @ckd`d` Nrbup sbcm `e `pprbxki`ta 4> parlaet ketarast ke @ckd`d`.lbi tfrbunf tfa kssu`ela bo eaw @ckd`d`.lbi sf`ras, tfa s`ca bo pravkbuscy facm sf`ras ke @ckd`d`.lbi, `em tfa axlf`ena bo lart`ke @ckd`d` Nrbup sf`ras pravkbuscy facm dy @ckd`d` Nrbup aipcbyaas obr sf`ras ke @ckd`d`.lbi, rasuctken ke ` n`ke be mkspbs`c bo ketarasts ke @ckd`d`.lbi. @llbrmkency, ke tfa okrst qu`rtar bo 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam ` ebe-l`sf n`ke bo $=:0 ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, wktfke a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts raprasaetken tfa Lbip`ey‛s sf`ra bo @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s n`ke. ]fa `csb n`kes wfae`smkcutkbe tb kts bwearsfkp ketarast ke @ckd`d` Nrbupkebllurs `s tfasaLbip`ey ramultkbes ke ralbnekzas bwearsfkp ebe-l`sf ketarast `ra tra`tam kelraiaet`c s`cas bo `mmktkbe`c aqukty ketarasts [`fbb! Lfke`. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrmam ebe-l`sf n`kes bo `pprbx `pprbxki`ta ki`tacy cy $01 ikcckbe `em $6 ikcckb ikcckbe, e, raspa raspaltkvac ltkvacy, y, murken tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::? `em 4::> `s ` rasuct bo tfa lbevarskbe bo @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s butst`emken lbevartkdca madt ke @prkc 4::? `em tfa axarlksa bo @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s aipcbyaa stblh bptkbes maslrkdam `dbva. ]fasa n`kes wara ralbrmam ke btfar kelbia, eat, tb `llbuet obr `e `pprbxki`ta < parlaet ramultkbe ke tfa Lbip`ey‛s bwearsfkp ketarast ke @ckd`d` Nrbup orbi =? parlaet tb == parlaet ke 4::?, `em orbi == parlaet tb =< parlaet ke 4::>. Ebe-l`sf Ebe-l`sf n`kes wara ebt ralbnekzam ralbnekzam ke 4::6 `s tfa Lbip` Lbip`ey‛s ey‛s bwearsfkp bwearsfkp ketarast ke @ckd`d @ckd`d`` Nrbup kelra`sam dy 0 parlaet `s maslrkdam `dbva.

>6

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa mkooaraela datwaae tfa Lbip`ey‛s l`rryken v`cua bo kts kevastiaet ke @ckd`d` Nrbup `em kts prbpbrtkbe`ta sf`ra bo tfa eat `ssats bo @ckd`d` Nrbup ks suii`rkzam `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 L`rryk L`r ryken en v`cua v`cua bo kevast kevastiae iaett ke @ckd`d` @ckd`d` Nrbup Nrbup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$4,40? $4, 40?,?1 ,?1; ;

Zrbpbrt Zrbp brtkbe kbe`ta `ta sf`r sf`raa bo eat eat `ssats `ssats bo bo @ckd`d` @ckd`d` Nrbu Nrbup(* p(*)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Axlasss bo l`rryken Axlas l`rryken v`cua bo kevastiae kevastiaett bvar prbpbr prbpbrtkbe`t tkbe`taa sf`ra sf`ra bo eat eat `ssats `ssats . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,?16, 0,? 16,41: 41: $ 116,=: 116,=:; ;

]fa axlass l`rryken v`cua f`s daae prki`rkcy `sskneam tb7 Nbbm Nb bmwk wkcc cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 141, 141,01 011 1 @ibr @i brtkz tkz`d `dca ca ket ket`e `enkd nkdca ca `ss `ssat atss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <<,6 << ,6:: :: Maoa Ma oarr rram am kel kelbi biaa t`xa t`xass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1=?) (1= ?) ]bt` ]b t`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 11 116, 6,=: =:; ;

(*) ]fa i`gbrkty bo `ssats `ra lbiprksam prki`rkcy bo nbbmwkcc `em ket`enkdca `ssats. ]fa `ibrtkz`dca `ibrtkz`dca ket`enkdca `ssats f`va usaouc ckvas ebt axlaamken savae ya`rs `em ` waknft waknftam am `var`na usaouc ckoa bo `pprbxki`tacy okva ya`rs. Eb `ibuet f`s daae `ccbl`tam tb ke-prblass rasa`rlf `em mavacbpiaet. Nbbmwkcc ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. ]fa obccbwken t`dca prasaets @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s Q.\. N@@Z oke`elk`c keobri`tkbe, `s markvam orbi tfa @ckd`d` Nrbup Nrb up oke oke`el `elk`c k`c st` st`tai taiaet aets, s, wfk wfklf lf kel kelcum cumas as sui suii`r i`ry y bpa bpar`t r`tken ken keob keobri` ri`tkb tkbe e obr tfa twa twacva cva ibe ibetfs tfs aem aemam am \aptaidar \aptai dar <:, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 `em suii`ry d`c`ela d`c`ela sfaat keobri`tkbe `s bo \aptai \aptaidar dar <:, 4::> `em 4::6 (ke tfbus`ems)7 ]wacva Ibetfs Aemam \aptaidar <:,

Bpar`tken m`t`7(0) Tava Ta vaeu euas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nrbs Nr bsss prbo prbokt kt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cbss orbi bpar`tkbes(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat (cbss)/kelbia(<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::?

4::>

4::6

$064,4 $064 ,4<6 <6 $0<0 $0 <0,; ,;>0 >0 $ (? (?>, >,1? 1?1) 1) $ (1 (16, 6,>1 >1:) :)

$4;:,0 $4;: ,0;< ;< $4:6 $4 :6,= ,=>? >? $ (1 (1;, ;,16 164) 4) $ (1 (16, 6,6? 6?:) :)

$ =1 =1?, ?,6: 6:6 6 $ <0 <0>, >,0< 0<; ; $ (4< (4<?, ?,:0 :0>) >) $0,6 $0 ,6>: >:,: ,:;< ;<

D`c`ela sfaat m`t`7 Lurr Lu rrae aett `ssa `ssats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cben Cb en-t -tar ari i `ssa `ssats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lurr Lu rrae aett ck`d ck`dkck kcktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cben Cb en-t -tar ari i ck` ck`dk dkck cktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ikeb Ik ebrk rkty ty ke keta tara rast stss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\aptaidar 4::> <:,

\aptaidar 4::6 <:,

$ >4 >4<, <,?: ?:; ; $0,; $0 ,;=< =<,= ,=41 41 $ =1 =14, 4,=0 =0< < $ 01 01,< ,<?; ?; $ ”

$4,161 $4,1 61,< ,<?; ?; $4,0 $4 ,0;< ;<,< ,<>= >= $ 64 640, 0,0> 0>= = $ 4: 4:,0 ,0<0 <0 $ 06 06>, >,1> 1>: :

(0)

]fa Lbip`ey ralbrms kts sf`ra bo tfa rasucts bo @ckd`d` Nrbup bea qu`rtar ke `rra`rs wktfke a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts ke tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo kelbia.

(4)

]fa cbss orbi bpar`tkbes bo $4<? ikcckbe obr tfa twacva ibetfs aemam \aptaidar \aptaidar <:, 4::6 ks prki`rk prki`rkcy cy mua tb @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s kip`kriaet cbss be nbbmwkcc `em ket`enkdca `ssats obr wfklf tfa Lbip`ey f`s eb d`sks ke kts kevastiaet d`c`ela.

(<)

]fa eat kelbia bo $0.; dkcckbe obr tfa twacva ibetfs aemam \aptaidar <:, 4::6 ks prki`rkcy mua tb @ckd`d` Nrbup‛s s`ca bo `e `pprbxki`ta 4> parlaet bwearsfkp ke @ckd`d`.lbi orbi @ckd`d`.lbi‛s KZB. >;

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) \kela `lqukrken kts ketara ketarast st ke @ckd`d` Nrbup, tfa Lbip`ey f`s ralbrm ralbrmam, am, ke rat`ke rat`keam am a`rekens, luiuc`tkva luiuc`tkva cbssa cbssass ke aqukty ketarasts bo $?: ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::>, `em luiuc`tkva a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts bo $<<< ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6. ]fa Lbip`ey `csb f`s lbiiarlk`c `rr`enaiaets wktf @ckd`d` Nrbup tb prbvkma talfekl`c, mavacbpiaet, `em `mvartksken `mvart ksken sarvklas. sarvklas. Obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy raspaltkvacy,, tfasa tr`es`ltkbes tr`es`ltkbes wara ebt i`tark`c.  Aqukty Kevastiaet ke @ckd`d`.lbi Ckiktam.   @s p`rt bo tfa KZB bo @ckd`d`.lbi, tfa Lbip`ey purlf`sam `e

`pprbxki`ta 0 parlaet ketarast ke tfa lbiibe stblh bo @ckd`d`.lbi. ]fks kevastiaet ks `llbuetam obr usken tfa aqukty iatfbm, lbeskstaet wktf tfa Lbip`ey‛s kevastiaet ke @ckd`d` Nrbup, wfklf fbcms tfa lbetrbccken ketarast ke @ckd`d`.lbi. @ckd`d`.lbi. Ke 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam `e kip`kriaet lf`rna bo $<: ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, wktfke a`rekens a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts tb ramula tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa kevastiaet tb o`kr v`cua. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s kevastiaet d`sam be tfa qubtam stblh prkla bo @ckd`d`.lbi w`s `pprbxki`tacy $=0 ikcckbe. ]fa maoklkaely datwaae tfa o`kr v`cua bo tfa kevastiaet `em tfa l`rryken v`cua bo $14 ikcckbe `s bo  Malaidar <0, 4::6 ks ebt kemkl`tkva bo ` cbss ke v`cua tf`t ks lbeskmaram btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry.  Aqukty Kevastiaet ke [`fbb! G`p`e.   Murken @prkc 0;;?, tfa Lbip`ey skneam ` gbket vaetura `nraaiaet wktf

\BO]D@EH, wfklf w`s `iaemam ke \aptaidar 0;;>, wfarady [`fbb! G`p`e Lbrpbr`tkbe (–[`fbb! G`p`e’) w`s obriam. [`fbb! G`p`e w`s obriam tb ast`dcksf `em i`e`na ` cbl`c varskbe bo [`fbb! ke G`p`e. ]fa o`kr v`cua bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s `pprbxki`ta <= parlaet bwearsfkp ke tfa lbiibe stblh bo [`fbb! G`p`e, d`sam be tfa qubtam stblh prkla, w`s `pprbxki`tacy $6 dkcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6. ]fa kevastia kevastiaet et ke [`f [`fbb! bb! G`p G`p`e `e ks dak daken en `ll `llbue buetam tam obr usk usken en tfa aqukty iatfbm `em tfa tbt tbt`c `c kev kevast astiae iaet, t, kelcumken eat t`enkdca `ssats, kmaetkok`dca ket`enkdca `ssats `em nbbmwkcc, ks lc`sskokam `s p`rt bo tfa kevastiaets ke aqukty ketarasts d`c`ela be tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrms kts sf`ra bo tfa rasucts bo [`fbb! G`p`e `em `ey rac`tam `ibrtkz`tkbe axpaesa, bea qu`rtar ke `rra`rs, wktfke a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts ke tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo kelbia. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s bwearsfkp ketarast ke [`fbb! G`p`e ocultu`tam ke 4::6 prki`rkcy mua tb sf`ra rapurlf`sas tf`t wara uemart`hae dy [`fbb! G`p`e be tfa bpae i`rhat. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s prbpbrtkbe`ta sf`ra bo [`fbb! G`p`e‛s sf`ra rapurlf`sa `ibuet ke axlass bo kts dbbh v`cua w`s `pprbxki`tacy $010 ikcckbe `em f`s daae prki`rkcy `ccbl` `ccbl`tam tamketbG`p`e nbbmwkcc. nbbmwk Zrkbr tb `em murkenbo4::0, [`fbb! G`p`e tfa Lbip`ey‛s ketarast s ke lart`ke aetktkas obrcc.tbt`c lbeskmar`tkbe `pprbxki`tacy $?1 `lqukram ikcckbe, p`km p`rtk`ccy keaqukty sf`rasketarasts bo [`fbb! G`p`e lbiibe stblh `em p`rtk`ccy ke l`sf. @s ` rasuct bo tfa `lquksktkbe, tfa Lbip`ey kelra`sam kts kevastiaet ke [`fbb! G`p`e, wfklf rasuctam ke `pprbxki`tacy $=0 ikcckbe bo nbbmwkcc tb da `ibrtkzam bvar savae ya`rs. ]fa `ibrtkz`tkbe la`sam upbe tfa `mbptkbe bo \O@\ 0=4 be G`eu`ry 0, 4::4. ]fa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s kevastiaet ke [`fbb! G`p`e mkooars orbi tfa `ibuet bo tfa uemarcyken aqukty ke eat `ssats bo [`fbb! G`p`e prki`rkcy `s ` rasuct bo tfks nbbmwkcc. Nbbmwkcc ks ebt mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas. Murken tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::> `em 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey ralakvam l`sf mkvkmaems orbi [`fbb! G`p`e ke tfa `ibuets bo $0< ikcckbe, $01 ikcckbe, `em $0; ikcckbe, eat bo t`x, raspaltkvacy, wfklf wara ralbrmam `s ramultkbes ke tfa Lbip`ey‛s kevastiaet ke [`fbb! G`p`e.

6:

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa obccbwken t`dca prasaets [`fbb! G`p`e‛s oke`elk`c keobri`tkbe, `s markvam orbi tfa [`fbb! G`p`e oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr tfa twacva ibetfs aemam \aptaidar <:, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 `em `s bo \aptaidar <:, 4::> `em 4::6 (ke tfbus`ems)7 ]wacva Ibetfs Aemam \aptaidar <:, 4::? 4::> 4::6

Bpar`tken m`t`(*)7 Tavaeu Tav aeuas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nrbss Nrb ss prbok prboktt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kelb Ke lbia ia orb orbi i bpa bpar` r`tk tkbe bess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eatt kel Ea kelbi biaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,?>0,01 $0,?>0 ,01= = $0,16= $0, 16=,=< ,=<< < $ 6: 6:?, ?,>0 >06 6 $ =1 =10, 0,<> <>> >

$0,;<<,00 $0,;<< ,00= = $0,6<? $0, 6<?,0? ,0?; ; $ ;6 ;6<, <,6= 6== = $ 1: 1:>, >,61 61: :

$4,?;>,10 $4,?;> ,106 6 $4,4;6 $4, 4;6,<? ,<?= = $0,4 $0 ,40> 0>,6 ,6;1 ;1 $ ?1 ?1<, <,0< 0<4 4

\aptaidar <:, 4::>

4::6

D`c`ela sfaat m`t`7 Lurrae Lur raett `ssats `ssats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0,0<0 $0,0<0,4< ,4<= = Cben-t Cbe n-tari ari `ssa `ssats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0, $0,>6< >6<,=< ,=<: : Lurr Lu rrae aett ck`d ck`dkck kcktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ?; ?;4, 4,<< <<> >

$0,4:4,0? $0,4:4 ,0?= = $0,;4< $0, ;4<,0; ,0;1 1 $ >> >>6, 6,00 00: :

Cb Cben en-t -tar ari ck ck`d `dkck kcktk as. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. $ <= >,;; ;;1 1 Ikeb Ik ebrk rkty tyike keta tara rast stsstkas $ <=>, 0>,; 0> ,;4> 4>

$ 06 ;,>0 >0; ; $ 06;, 41,? 41 ,??1 ?1

(*) ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrms ralbrms kts sf`ra bo tfa rasuct rasuctss bo [`fbb! G`p`e G`p`e bea qu`rta qu`rtarr ke `rra`r `rra`rss wktfke a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts ke tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo kelbia. ]fa mkooaraelas datwaae Q.\. N@@Z `em `llbuetken prkelkpcas naear`ccy `llaptam ke G`p`e, tfa st`em`rms dy wfklf [`fbb! G`p`e‛s oke`elk`c st`taiaets `ra prap`ram, mkm ebt i`tark`ccy kip`lt tfa `ibuets raocaltam ke tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. \kela `lqukrken kts aqukty ketarast ke [`fbb! G`p`e, tfa Lbip`ey f`s ralbrmam luiuc`tkva a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts, eat bo mkvkmaems ralakvam `em rac`tam t`xas, bo $16; ikcckbe `em $6:0 ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey lbipcatam tfa s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e tb [`fbb! G`p`e obr l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe bo `pprbxki`tacy $0; ikcckbe. ]fa tr`es`ltkbe w`s `llbuetam obr `s ` s`ca bo `ssats. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa tr`es`ltkbe, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam ` pra-t`x n`ke bo $? ikcckbe ke btfar kelbia, eat. Be \aptaidar 0, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey lbiiaelam ` eaw lbiiarlk`c `rr`enaiaet wktf [`fbb! G`p`e ke wfklf tfa Lbip`ey prbvkmas sa`rlf i`rhatken sarvklas tb [`fbb! G`p`e obr ` sarvkla oaa `em axktam tfa pra-axkstken lbiiarlk`c `rr`enaiaet. Zravkbuscy, tfa Lbip`ey a`ream i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi `mvartksars `em p`km ]@L tb [`fbb! G`p`e. ]fa Lbip`ey eb cbenar ralbnekzas i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas `em ]@L obr tfa mackvary bo spbesbram sa`rlf rasucts `em p`yiaets tb @ookck`tas ke G`p`e `s [`fbb! G`p`e ks raspbeskdca obr tfa oucokcciaet bo `cc `mvartksar `em @ookck`ta sarvklas. Qemar tfks eaw `rr`enaiaet, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrms i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas orbi [`fbb! G`p`e obr tfa prbvkskbe bo sa`rlf i`rhatken sarvklas d`sam be ` parlaet`na bo  `mvart `mv artksk ksken en rav ravaeu aeuas as a`r a`ream eam dy [`f [`fbb! bb! G`p G`p`e `e obr tfa mac mackva kvary ry bo spb spbesb esbram ram sa` sa`rlf rlf ras rasuct ucts. s. Ke `mm `mmktk ktkbe be tb i`rhatken sarvklas ravaeuas, tfa Lbip`ey lbetkeuas tb ralbrm ravaeuas orbi cklaesa oaas orbi [`fbb! G`p`e. ]fa prkbr lbiiarlk`c `rr`enaiaet rasuctam ke eat lbsts bo `pprbxki`tacy $4=? ikcckbe `em $0<1 ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r ya `rss ae aema mam m Ma Mala laida idarr <0 <0,, 4: 4::? :? `e `em m 4: 4::> :>,, ra rasp spal altk tkva vacy. cy. ]f ]faa ea eaw w `r `rr` r`en enai aiae aett ra rasu suct ctam am ke ra rava vaeu euas as bo  `pprbxki`tacy $4;? ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`e y f`m eat ral ralakv akv`dc `dcaa d`c d`c`el `elas as orb orbi i [`f [`fbb! bb! G`p G`p`e `e bo `pp `pprbx rbxki` ki`tac tacy y $?4 ikc ikcckb ckbe e `em $<; ikcc ikcckbe kbe,, raspaltkvacy. 60

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Ebta 1

NBBM^KCC

]fa lf`enas ke tfa l`rryken `ibuet bo   nbbmwkcc   obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6 wara `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 Qekt Qe ktam am \t \t`t `tas as

Keta Ke tare re`t `tkb kbe` e`cc

]bt` ]b t`cc

D`c`elaa `s bo G`eu D`c`el G`eu`ry `ry 0, 4::> 4::> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @lqu @l quks kskt ktkb kbes es `e `em m bt btfa farr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obrrakne lurraely tr`esc`tk Ob tkb be `mgustiaets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,?16,6> $0,?16 ,6>; ; 61;, 61 ;,;? ;?; ; ”

$0,<:; $0, <:;,?> ,?>6 6 $4,;?6 $4,;?6,11 ,11> > 6?,4 6? ,4<4 <4 ;=?, ;= ?,4: 4:0 0 6>,4>4 6>,4>4

D`c`elaa `s bo Malai D`c`el Malaidar dar <0, 4:: 4::> > . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Nbbm Nb bmwk wkcc cc ki kip` p`kr kria iaet et lf` f`rn rnaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @lqu @l quks kskt ktkb kbes es `e `em m bt btfa far( r(*) *) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obra Ob rakn kne e lu lurr rrae aely ly tr tr`e `esc sc`t `tkb kbe e `m `mgu gust stia iaet etss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$4,106 $4, 106,6= ,6=6 6 ” ?6,: ?6 ,:=< =< ”

$0,=6<,06 $0,=6< ,064 4 $=,::4 $=,::4,:< ,:<: : (=6> (= 6>,1 ,1<> <>)) (=6> (= 6>,1 ,1<> <>)) <>,< <> ,<=4 =4 0:1, 0: 1,<6 <61 1 (0>6 (0 >6,; ,;6; 6;)) (0>6 (0 >6,; ,;6; 6;))

D`c`el D`c `elaa `s bo Mala Malaida idarr <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$4,16? $4, 16?,6; ,6;0 0

$ 61< 61<,;; ,;;6 6

$<,==: $<, ==:,66 ,66; ;

(*) Btfar kelcumas kelcumas ` ramul ramultkbe tkbe bo $0; ikcckbe bo nbbmwkcc rac`tam rac`tam tb tfa s`ca bo Hachbb \@\. @s ` rasuct bo tfa nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet tast, tfa Lbip`ey lbelcumam tf`t tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa Aurbpa`e rapbrtken uekt, kelcumam ke tfa Ketare`tkbe`c saniaet, axlaamam kts o`kr v`cua. @s raqukram dy tfa salbem stap bo  tfa kip`kriaet tast, tfa Lbip`ey parobriam `e `ccbl`tkbe bo tfa o`kr v`cua tb `cc tfa `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas bo tfa rapbrtken uekt, kelcumken kmaetkok`dca ket`enkdca `ssats, d`sam be tfakr o`kr v`cuas, tb matarikea tfa kipckam o`kr v`cua bo nbbmwkcc. @llbrmkency, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam ` nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna bo `pprbxki`tacy $=66 ikcckbe murken 4::6 obr tfa mkooaraela datwaae tfa l`rryken v`cua bo tfa nbbmwkcc ke tfa rapbrtken uekt `em kts kipckam o`kr v`cua. ]fa kip`kriaet rasuctam orbi ` lbidke`tkbe bo o`ltbrs, kelcumken tfa lurraet ncbd`c albebikl mbwetu mbw eture, re, ` par parsks skstae taett mal malcke ckeaa ke dus duskea keass ss lbe lbemktk mktkbes bes ke tfa Aur Aurbpa bpa`e `e ran rankbe kbe,, ram ramult ultkbe kbess ke tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s prbgaltam bpar`tken rasucts `em astki`tam outura l`sf ocbws, `em malra`sas ke ravaeuas `em a`rekens iuctkpcas bo  lbip`r`dca lbip`ekas ke tf`t rankbe. ]fa o`kr v`cuas bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s btfar rapbrtken uekts axlaamam tfakr astki`tam l`rryken v`cuas `em tfaraobra nbbmwkcc ke tfbsa rapbrtken uekts w`s ebt kip`kram.

Ebta ?

KE]@ENKDCA @\\A]\, E A]

]fa obccbwken t`dca suii`rkzas tfa Lbip`ey‛s l`rryken `ibuet bo  ket`enkdca   (ke tfbus`ems)7   ket`enkdca `ssats, eat  (ke Malaidar <0, 4::> Nrbss L`rryken @lluiuc`tam @ibuet @ibrtkz`tkbe (0)

Eat(4)

Lustbiar, Lustbi ar, `oo `ookck` kck`ta, ta, `em `mv `mvart artksa ksarr rac rac`ta `tam m rac rac`tk `tkbes besfkp fkpss . . . . . . . . . . . . Mava Ma vacb cbpa pam m ta talf lfeb ebcb cbny ny `e `em m p` p`ta taet etss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]r`m ]r `mai ai`r `rh, h, tr tr`m `maa e` e`ia ia,, `e `em m mb mbi` i`ke ke e` e`ia ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 414,>; 414,>;4 4 ?6;, ?6 ;,6> 6>< < 4:6, 4: 6,:? :?; ;

$(0:;,1;>) $(0:;,1 ;>) (<:1 (< :1,6 ,6<4 <4)) (04< (0 4<,6 ,6:6 :6))

$0=<,0;1 $0=<,0 ;1 <6=, <6 =,:= :=0 0 6=,4 6= ,4?0 ?0

]bt` ]b t`cc ket ket`e `enk nkdc dcaa `ss `ssat ats, s, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,0 $0 ,01: 1:,> ,><= <=

$(1<; $(1 <;,4 ,4<> <>))

$?00 $? 00,= ,=;> ;>

Malaidar <0, 4::6 Nrbss L`rryken @ibuet

@lluiuc`tam @ibrtkz`tkbe (0)

Eat(4)

Lustbi Lust biar ar,, `o `ook okck` ck`ta ta,, `e `em m `m `mva vartk rtksa sarr ra rac` c`ta tam m ra rac` c`tkb tkbes esfk fkps ps . . . . . . . . . . . . Mava Ma vacb cbpa pam m ta talf lfeb ebcb cbny ny `e `em m p` p`ta taet etss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]r`m ]r `maai` i`rh rh,, tr tr`m `maa e` e`ia ia,, `e `em m mb mbi` i`ke ke e` e`ia ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0>6,6 $0>6 ,6?6 ?6 111, 11 1,?? ??; ; 046, 04 6,0; 0;: :

$ (>; (>;,: ,:=: =:)) (4:1 (4 :1,1 ,1:0 :0)) (;4, (; 4,<4 <4?) ?)

$ ;; ;;,6 ,646 46 <1:, <1 :,0? 0?6 6 <1,6 <1 ,6?= ?=

]bt` ]b t`cc ket ket`e `enk nkdc dcaa `s `ssa sats ts,, eat eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$6?4 $6 ?4,> ,>4> 4>

$(<>? $(< >?,6 ,6?> ?>))

$=61 $= 61,6 ,6?: ?:

64

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) (0)

Obrakne lurraely tr`esc`tkbe `mgustiaets, raocaltken ibvaiaet ke tfa lurraelkas bo tfa uemarcyken aetktkas, tbt`cam `pprbxki`tacy $4? ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::> `em $00 ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6.

(4)

@s bo Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6, $1:? ikcckbe `em $=0< ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, bo tfa eat ket`enkdcas d`c`ela warabo rac`tam tbket`enkdcas tfa Q.\. saniaet. bo Malaidar <0,Ketare`tkbe`c 4::> `em 4::6, $0:1 ikcckbe `em $>< ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, tfa eat d`c`ela@s wara rac`tam tb tfa saniaet.

]fa ket`enkdca `ssats f`va brknke`c astki`tam usaouc ckvas `s obccbws7 • Lustbiar, `ookck`ta, `em `mvartksar rac`tam rac`tkbesfkps”tfraa tb aknft ya`rs8 • Mavacb Mavacbpam pam talfebcbny talfebcbny `em p`taets”cass p`taets”cass tf`e bea ya`r tb aknft ya`rs8 `em • ]r`ma ]r`mai`rh, i`rh, tr`ma e`ia, e`ia, `em mbi`ke e`ia”bea e`ia”bea ya`r ya`r tb kemaokekta ckvam. ckvam. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbnekzam `ibrtkz`tkbe axpaesa bo ket`enkdca `ssats bo `pprbxki`tacy $4<6 ikcckbe, $41: ikcckbe, `em $460 ikcckbe obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy, kelcumken $00< ikcckbe, $0=< ikcckbe, `em $0;= ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, kelcumam ke lbst bo ravaeuas. D`sam be tfa lurraet `ibuet bo ket`enkdcas sudgalt tb `ibrtkz`tkbe, tfa astki`tam `ibrtkz`tkbe axpaesa obr a`lf bo tfa sullaamken ya`rs ks `s obccbws7 4::;7 $0?? ikcckbe8 4:0:7 $0<6 ikcckbe8 4:007 $6; ikcckbe8 4:047 $1> ikcckbe8 4:0<7 $40 ikcckbe8 4:0=7 $0: ikcckbe8 `em luiuc`tkvacy tfara`otar7 $1 ikcckbe.

Ebta >

LBE\BCKM@]AM OKE@ELK@C \]@]AIAE] MA]@KC\

Btfar kelbia, eat Btfar kelbia, eat  obr   obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 wara `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

Ketaras Ketar astt `em `em keva kevast stia iaet et kel kelbi biaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keva Ke vast stia iaet et n` n`ke kes, s, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N`ke N` ke be mk mkva vasstk tktu tura ra bo [` [`fb fbb! b! Lfk fke` e`(* (*)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N`ke be s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e(*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N`ke be s`ca bo Hachbb \@\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 0=<,<0 0=<,<0: : $ 04;,1= 04;,1=0 0 (<,1 (< ,14> 4>)) 0,>< 0, ><: : 01,0 01 ,01 16 6,:? 6, :?? ? ” ?,0>1 ” ”

$ 6?,: 6?,:1? 1? (<1 (< 10) ” ” 41,0=;

Btfa Bt farr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt` ]b t`cc btfa btfarr kel kelbi bia, a, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,:;< 4,:; < $ 01>,:< 01>,:<= =

(46,:0 (46, :0?) ?) $ 64 64,6 ,6<6 <6

6,=;; 6,=; ; $ 01=,:0 01=,:00 0

(*) \aa Ebt Ebtaa =”– =”–Keva Kevasti stiaet aetss ke Aqu Aqukty kty Keta Ketaras rasts’ ts’ obr `mm `mmktk ktkbe` be`cc keo keobri bri`tk `tkbe be rac rac`ta `tam m tb tfa n`k n`kes es be tfa mkvastktura bo [`fbb! Lfke` `em s`ca bo Bvartura G`p`e. Ketarast `em kevastiaet kelbia lbeskst bo kelbia a`ream orbi l`sf ke d`eh `llbuets `em kevastiaets i`ma ke i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas `em ibeay i`rhat ouems. Kevastiaet n`kes (cbssas), eat kelcumas ra`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas rac`tam tb s`cas bo i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas `em/  br kevastiaets ke pudcklcy tr`mam br prkv`tacy facm lbip`ekas `s wacc `s `ey malckeas ke tfa v`cuas bo sulf kevastiaets gumnam tb da btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey lbipcatam tfa s`ca bo Hachbb \@\ `em ralbrmam ` pra-t`x n`ke bo `pprbxki`tacy $41 ikcckbe ke btfar kelbia, eat. ]fa tr`es`ltkbe w`s `llbuetam obr `s ` s`ca bo ` duskeass. 6<

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Btfar lbe Btfar lbesks sksts ts i`k i`kecy ecy bo obra obrakne kne axl axlf`e f`ena na n`k n`kes es `em cbs cbssas sas mua tb rara-ia` ia`sur suraia aiaet et bo `ss `ssats ats `em ck` ck`dkc dkcktk ktkas as maebike`tam ke ebe-oueltkbe`c lurraelkas.

 Zrap`km axpaesas `em btfar lurraet `ssats @s bo Malaidar <0,  Zrap`km axpaesas `em btfar lurraet `ssats  lbeskstam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 4::>

Zrap`km Zrap` km axp axpae aesa sass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Maoa Ma oarr rram am ke kelb lbia ia t` t`xa xass (Eb (Ebta ta 0: 0:)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::6

?;,=;6 ?;,= ;6 $ >: >:,: ,:6= 6= 6<,? 6< ,?;0 ;0 0=<,0< 0=<, 0<0 0 4>,1 4> ,14> 4> 0;,6 0; ,6=? =?

]bt`c ]bt `c prap prap`km `km axp axpaes aesas as `em `em btfa btfarr lurra lurraet et `ssat `ssatss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 06: 06:,>0 ,>0? ?

$ 4<< 4<<,:? ,:?0 0

 Zrbparty `em aqukpiaet, eat

@s bo Malaidar <0,  Zrbparty `em aqukpiaet, eat  lbeskstam   lbeskstam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 4::>

4::6

C`em . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0? C`em 0?<, <,:? :?6 6 $ 0> 0>:, :,;= ;=; ; Dukc Du kcmk mken enss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<6,:< 4<6, :<1 1 41?,0< 41?, 0<0 0 Ca`s Ca `saf afbc bcm m kip kiprb rbva vaia iaet etss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0><, 0> <,6= 6=> > 44:, 44 :,<: <:1 1 Lbip Lb iput utar arss `em `em aqu aqukp kpia iaet et(*) (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,0> 0, 0><, <,>< ><> > 0,<6 0, <6=, =,:: ::: : Oure Ou rekt ktur uraa `em `em ok okxt xtur uras as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >:,4 >: ,4:1 :1 ?>,6 ?> ,66? 6? @ssa @s sats ts eb ebtt yat yat ke us usaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00;, 00 ;,?; ?;: : 4:?, 4: ?,40 40? ? Cass7 Cas s7 `ll `lluiu uiuc`t c`tam am mapr mapralk alk`tk `tkbe be `em `em `ib `ibrtkz rtkz`tk `tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt`c ]bt `c prbpa prbparty rty `em `em aqukp aqukpiae iaet, t, eat eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,;<6, 0,;< 6,16 164 4 (?:?,; (?: ?,;1:) 1:) $0,<<0 $0, <<0,?< ,?<4 4

4,<:1, 4,<: 1,=6 =6> > (>?;,<: (>?; ,<:?) ?) $0,1<? $0, 1<?,06 ,060 0

(*) Kelcumas m`t` laetar aqukpiaet `lqukram ke 4::6 uemar ` l`pkt`c ca`sa bo `pprbxki`tacy $=< ikcckbe. Btfar cben-tari `ssats

@s bo Malaidar <0,  Btfar cben-tari `ssats  lbeskstam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 4::>

Maoarr Maoa rram am kel kelbi biaa t`xa t`xass (Eb (Ebta ta 0: 0:)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keva Ke vast stia iaet etss ke ke prk prkv` v`ta tacy cy-f -fac acm m lbi lbip` p`ek ekas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kevas Kev asti tiae aets ts ke pu pudc dckl klcy cy-fa -facm cm lb lbip ip`e `eka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. $ 4; 4;;, ;,;4 ;4< < $ . 0>,6 0> ,6<1 <1 . 041,;0 041, ;0< < . ?:,4 ?: ,4>= >=

]bt` ]b t`cc btfa btfarr cben cben-ta -tari ri `ss `ssat atss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1: 1:<, <,;= ;=1 1

6=

4::6

<?,640 <?,6 40 <6,= <6 ,=46 46 6?,? 6? ,?4; 4; >4,0 >4 ,000 00

$ 4< 4<<, <,;6 ;6; ;

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam)  @llruam axpaesas `em btfar lurraet ck`dkcktkas

@s bo Malaidar <0,  @llruam axpaesas `em btfar lurraet ck`dkcktkas  lbeskstam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 4::>

4::6

@llruam @llrua m lbeta lbetaet, et, lbee lbeealt altkbe kbe,, tr`ookl tr`ookl `lq `lquks uksktk ktkbe, be, `em `em btfa btfarr lbsts lbsts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ <<0 <<0,<> ,<>6 6 $ <>= <>=,;4 ,;4: : Maoa Ma oarr rram am ke kellbi biaa t` t`xa xass (E (Ebt btaa 0: 0:)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0<,0 0< ,0:1 :1 6?1 6? 1 @llr @l lrua uam m lbip lbipae aes` s`tkb tkbe e `em `em ra rac` c`ta tam m axp axpae aesa sass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <<6,=; <<6, =;: : <06,;1 <06, ;16 6 @llr @l lrua uam m t`x t`xas as p` p`y` y`dc dcaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <;,0 <; ,04: 4: 4<,0 4< ,0;= ;= @llr @l lrua uam m pr prbo boas assk skbe be`c `c sa sarv rvkl klaa ax axpa paes esas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ><,0 >< ,001 01 >>,: >> ,:<4 <4 @llr @l lrua uam m s` s`ca cass `e `em m i` i`rha rhatk tken en ra rac` c`ta tam m ax axpa paes esas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1=,< 1= ,<=> => ==,< == ,<<1 <1 @llr @l lrua uam m ra rast strul rultu turke rken n `em `em `l `lqu quks kskt ktkb kbee-ra rac` c`ta tam m lbs lbsts ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0?,= 0? ,=?? ?? 64,4 64 ,4?6 ?6 Btfa Bt farr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0=:, 0= :,0? 0?> > 406, 40 6,<4 <44 4 ]bt`c `llru `llruam am axpaesas axpaesas `em btfar btfar lurraet lurraet ck`dkck ck`dkcktkas tkas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0,::? $0,::?,066 ,066

$0,0<;,6;= $0,0<; ,6;=

 Maoarram `em btfar cben-tari t`x ck`dkcktkas, eat

@s bo Malaidar <0,  Maoarram `em btfar cben-tari t`x ck`dkcktkas, eat  lbeskstam   lbeskstam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 4::>

Maoarram Maoarr am kelbi kelbiaa t`xas t`xas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]`x ]` x lbet lbetke kena nael ely y `llr `llru` u`cs cs(* (*)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]bt`c ]bt `c maoarr maoarram am `em `em btfar btfar cben-ta cben-tari ri t`x ck`d ck`dkck kcktka tkas, s, eat eat (Ebta (Ebta 0:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::6

$ 01, 01,?6= ?6= $ ?6, ?6,:;> :;> 4=1, 4= 1,<: <:; ; <14, <1 4,4> 4>1 1 $4?:,; $4? :,;;< ;<

$=4:,< $=4 :,<>4 >4

(*) Kelcumas ketarast `em pae`ctkas.  @lluiuc`tam btfar lbiprafaeskva kelbia

@s bo Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, tf tfaa lb lbip ipbe beae aets ts bo   @lluiuc`ta @lluiuc`tam m btfar lbipr lbiprafaes afaeskva kva kelbi kelbiaa   wara wara `s obc obccb cbws ws (k (ke e tfbus`ems)7 4::>

Qera`c Qer a`ckza kzam m n`kes n`kes `em cbs cbssas sas be `v`k `v`kc`d c`dcaca-obrobr-s`c s`caa salur salurktka ktkas, s, eat eat bo t`x t`x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 4?, 4?,6>= 6>= $

Obrak Obr akne ne lur lurra rael ely y tr`e tr`esc sc`t `tkb kbe, e, eat eat bo bo t`x t`x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <:=, <: =,<4 <46 6 @lluiu @ll uiuc`t c`tam am btfar btfar lbip lbipraf rafaes aeskva kva kelb kelbia ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $<<0,4 $<<0,4:4 :4

Ebta 6

4::6

?,61> ?,6 1>

00<, 00 <,=0 =0; ; $04:,4>? $04:,4 >?

KE_A\]IAE]\

]fa obccbwken t`dcas suii`rkza tfa kevastiaets ke `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas (ke tfbus`ems)7 Malaidar <0, 4::> Nrbss @ibrtkzam Lbsts

Nrbss Qera`ckzam N`kes

Q.\. Nb Q.\. Nbva vare reia iaet et `e `em m `n `nae aely ly sa salu lurk rktka tkass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iueklkp`c dbems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbrp Lb rpbr br`t `taa ma madt dt sa salu lurk rktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbrp Lb rpbr br`t `taa aq aquk ukty ty sa salu lurk rktk tkas as(* (*)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$40; $4 0;,? ,?60 60 =,?<= ?4<, ?4 <,40 404 4 >0,0 >0 ,0>6 >6

$ 0, 0,?= ?=6 6 == 4,0< 4, 0<< < 11,6 11 ,6?: ?:

$ (4<;) (4<;) $440 $440,: ,:;: ;: ” =,?>6 (0,1 (0 ,1>0 >0)) ?4<, ?4 <,>> >>= = (0,0 (0 ,041 41)) 041, 04 1,;0 ;0< <

]bt`c ]bt `c kev kevast astiae iaets ts ke `v` `v`kc` kc`dca dca-ob -obr-s r-s`ca `ca sal salurk urktka tkass . . . . . . . . . .

$;06,> $;0 6,>:1 :1

$1;,?6 $1; ,?61 1

$(4,;<1 $(4, ;<1))

61

Nrbss Qera`ckzam Cbssas

Astki`tam O`kr _`cua

$;>1,= $;> 1,=11 11

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Malaidar <0, 4::6 Nrbss @ibrtkzam Lbsts

Nrbss Qera`ckzam N`kes

Nrbss Qera`ckzam Cbssas

Q. Q.\. Nbva `em `na ely salu Iu\.ekNb lkpvare `c reia dbiaet emet s `e . . m. .`n . .ael . . y. .sa . lurk . . rktk . .tka .a.s . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Lbrp Lb rpbr br`t `taa ma madt dt sa sallur urkt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbrpbr`ta aqukty salurktkas(*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ ;<1, ;< =1,:4 >,:41 ?61 > 4=>, 4= >,11 11= = ?6,>=1

$ 0,?: 0,?:4 14 1 ><; >< ; 0>,66=

$

” ” (4,; (4 ,;61 61)) ”

$ ;<?, ;< =?,?4 >,?4> >=> 4 4=1, 4= 1,<: <:6 6 6?,?4;

]bt`c ]bt `c kev kevast astiae iaets ts ke `v` `v`kc` kc`dca dca-ob -obr-s r-s`ca `ca sal salurk urktka tkass . . . . . . .

$0,4;; $0, 4;;,:0 ,:00 0

$4:,46 $4: ,46: :

$(4,;61 $(4, ;61))

$0,<0? $0, <0?,<: ,<:? ?

Astki`tam O`kr _`cua

Malaidar <0, 4::>

4::6

Tapbrtam `s7 \fbrt-t \fb rt-tari ari i`rh i`rhat` at`dca dca madt madt salu salurktk rktkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $=6>,1 $=6>,1== == Cben Cb en-t -tar ari i i`r i`rha hat` t`dc dcaa mad madtt sal salur urkt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <?0, <? 0,;; ;;6 6 Btfa Bt farr `ss `ssat ats( s(*) *) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 041, 04 1,;0 ;0< <

$0,01; $0, 01;,?; ,?;0 0 ?;,; ?; ,;6? 6? 6?,? 6? ,?4; 4;

]bt` ]b t`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $; $;>1 >1,= ,=11 11

$0,< $0 ,<0? 0?,< ,<:? :?

@v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas kelcumam ke l`sf `em l`sf aqukv`caets be tfa lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats `ra ebt kelcumam ke tfa t`dca `dbva `s tfa nrbss uera`ckzam n`kes `em cbssas wara kii`tark`c obr 4::> `em 4::6 wktf raspalt tb tfasa salurktkas. (*) ]fasa d`c`elas kelcuma tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbst iatfbm kevastiaet ke Ni`rhat, wfklf ks kelcumam ke btfar cbentari `ssats ke tfa lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats. ]fa lbetr`ltu`c i`turktkas bo `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas wara `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 Malaidar <0, 4::>

4::6

Mua wktf wktfke ke bea bea ya`r ya`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $=6>,1 $=6>,1== == Muaa `ota Mu `otarr bea bea ya ya`r `r tf tfrb rbun unf f okv okvaa ya` ya`rs rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <?0, <? 0,;; ;;6 6 ]bt`c ]bt `c `v`kc `v`kc`dc `dca-o a-obr-s br-s`ca `ca i`rha i`rhat`d t`dca ca madt madt salurk salurktka tkass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,01; $0, 01;,?; ,?;0 0 ?;,; ?; ,;6? 6?

$6=;,1 $6= ;,1=4 =4

$0,44; $0, 44;,?> ,?>> >

]fa obccbwken t`dcas sfbw `cc kevastiaets ke `e uera`ckzam cbss pbsktkbe obr wfklf `e btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry kip`kria kip` kriaet et f`s ebt daa daae e ral ralbne bnekza kzam m `em tfa rac` rac`tam tam nrb nrbss ss uer uera`c a`ckza kzam m cbs cbssas sas `em o`k o`krr v`c v`cua, ua, `nn `nnran ran`ta `tam m dy kevastiaet l`tanbry `em caentf bo tkia tf`t kemkvkmu`c salurktkas f`va daae ke ` lbetkeubus uera`ckzam cbss pbsktkbe (ke tfbus`ems)7 Malaidar <0, 4::> Cass tf`e 04 Ibetfs O`kr _`cua

Qera`ckzam Cbss

04 Ibetfs br Nra`tar O`kr _`cua

]bt`c

Qera`ckzam Cbss

O`kr _`cua

Qera`ckzam Cbss

Q.\. Nb Q.\. Nbva vare reia iaet et `e `em m `n `naael ely y sa salu lurk rktk tkaas . . Lbrpbr`ta madt salurk rkttkas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbrpbr`ta aqukty salurktkas . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 0, 0,;; ;;< < 00<,<46 6?>

$

(0;) (0 ;) $ ??, ??,?1 ?11 1 (?=?) (?= 4<>,160 (0,041) ”

$ (44: (44:)) (;41) ”

$ ?6, ?6,?= ?=6 6 <1:,;:; 6?>

$ (4 (4<; <;)) (0,1>0) (0,041)

]bt`c kevastiaets ke sa `v`k `v `kc` c`dca dca-ob -obrr-s` s`ca ca salu lurk rktka tkass . . . . . .

$00? $0 0?,0 ,066 66

$(0, $( 0,>; >;:) :) $< $<:= :=,4 ,4<? <?

$(0,0 $(0 ,0=1 =1))

$=4: $= 4:,= ,=4= 4=

$(4, $( 4,;< ;<1) 1)

6?

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Malaidar <0, 4::6 Cass tf`e 04 Ibetfs

04 Ibetfs br Nra`tar

]bt`c

O`kr _`cua

Qera`ckzam Cbss

O`kr _`cua

Qera`ckzam Cbss

O`kr _`cua

Qera`ckzam Cbss

Q.\. Nbvareiaet `em `naely salurktkas . . . . . Lbrp Lb rpbr br`t `taa ma madt dt sa sallur urkt ktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbrpbr`ta aqukty salurktkas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ ” >4,1 >4 ,161 61 ”

$ ” (4,1 (4 ,140 40)) ”

$ ” 06,? 06 ,?=: =: ”

$” (=?= (= ?=)) ”

$ ” ;0,4 ;0 ,441 41 ”

$ ” (4,; (4 ,;61 61)) ”

]bt`c kevastiaets ke `v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salu sa lurk rktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$>4, $> 4,16 161 1

$(4, $( 4,14 140) 0) $0 $06, 6,?= ?=: :

$(=? $( =?=) =)

$;0, $; 0,44 441 1

$(4, $( 4,;6 ;61) 1)

]fa Lbip`ey‛s kevastiaet pbrtobckb lbesksts bo ckqukm nbvareiaet, `naely, iueklkp`c, `em fknf-qu`ckty okxamkelbia lbrpbr`ta salurktkas. Kevastiaets ke dbtf okxam r`ta `em ocb`tken r`ta ketarast a`reken kestruiaets l`rry ` manraa bo ketarast r`ta rksh. Okxam r`ta salurktkas i`y f`va tfakr o`kr i`rhat v`cua `mvarsacy kip`ltam mua tb ` rksa ke ketarast r`tas, wfkca ocb`tken r`ta salurktkas i`y prbmula cass kelbia tf`e axpaltam ko ketarast r`tas o`cc. Okxam kelbia salurktkas i`y f`va tfakr o`kr i`rhat v`cua `mvarsacy kip`ltam mua tb ` matarkbr`tkbe bo tfa lramkt qu`ckty bo tfa kssuar. ]fa cbenar tfa tari bo tfa salurktkas, tfa ibra suslaptkdca tfay `ra tb lf`enas ke i`rhat r`tas. Kevastiaets `ra ravkawam parkbmkl`ccy tb kmaetkoy pbsskdca btfar-tf`e-taipbr`ry kip`kriaet. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s tfa ketaet `em `dkckty tb fbcm tfasa salurktkas obr ` ra`sbe`dca parkbm bo tkia suooklkaet obr ` obral`stam ralbvary bo o`kr v`cua up tb (br daybem) tfa kektk`c lbst bo tfa kevastiaet. ]fa Lbip`ey axpalts tb ra`ckza tfa oucc v`cua bo  `cc bo tfasa kevastiaets upbe i`turkty br s`ca. Aooaltkva Aooalt kva G`e G`eu`r u`ry y 0, 4:: 4::6, 6, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y `mb `mbpta ptam m \O@\ 01> obr oke oke`el `elk`c k`c `ss `ssats ats `em ck`dkcktk ck`dkcktkas. as. \O@ \O@\ \ 01> ast`dcksfas ` or`iawbrh obr ia`surken o`kr v`cua `em axp`ems mkslcbsuras `dbut o`kr v`cua ia`suraiaets dy ast`dcksfken ` o`kr v`cua fkar`rlfy tf`t prkbrktkzas tfa keputs tb v`cu`tkbe talfekquas usam tb ia`sura o`kr v`cua. ]fa fkar`rlfy nkvas tfa fknfast prkbrkty tb ue`mgustam qubtam prklas ke `ltkva i`rhats obr kmaetkl`c `ssats br ck`dkcktkas ck`dkc ktkas (Cavac 0 ia`su ia`suraiaet raiaets) s) `em cbwast prkbrkty tb uebds uebdsarv`dc arv`dcaa keputs (Cavac < ia`su ia`suraiaet raiaets). s). ]fa tfraa cavacs bo tfa o`kr v`cua fkar`rlfy uemar \O@\ 01> `ra maslrkdam dacbw7

D`sks bo O`kr _`cua Ia`suraiaet Cavac Cav ac 0

Bdsarv`dc Bdsarv `dcaa kep keputs uts tf`t rao raocal caltt qub qubtam tam prklas prklas (ue (ue`mg `mgust ustam) am) obr kma kmaetk etkl`c l`c `ssats `ssats br ck` ck`dkc dkcktka ktkass ke `lt `ltkva kva i`rhats.

Cavac 4 Keputs raocalt raocalt qubtam qubtam prklas obr kmaetkl`c kmaetkl`c `ssats `ssats br ck`dkcktkas ck`dkcktkas ke i`rhats i`rhats tf`t `ra ebt `ltkva8 `ltkva8 qubtam qubtam prklas obr skikc`r `ssats br ck`dkc ck`dkcktkas ktkas ke `ltkv `ltkvaa i`rhat i`rhats8 s8 keputs btfar tf`e qubtam prklas tf`t `ra bdsarv bdsarv`dca `dca obr tfa `ssat br tfa ck`dkckty8 br keputs tf`t `ra markvam prkelkp`ccy orbi br lbrrbdbr`tam dy bdsarv`dca i`rhat m`t` dy lbrrac`tkbe br btfar ia`es. Cavac <

Qebdsarv`dca keputs Qebdsarv`dca keputs raocaltken raocaltken tfa Lbip`e Lbip`ey‛s y‛s bwe `ssuiptkbes `ssuiptkbes kelbrpbr`tam kelbrpbr`tam ke v`cu`tkbe v`cu`tkbe talfekquas talfekquas usam tb matarikea o`kr v`cua. ]fasa `ssuiptkbes `ra raqukram tb da lbeskstaet wktf i`rhat p`rtklkp`et `ssuiptkbes tf`t `ra ra`sbe`dcy `v`kc`dca.

6>

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa obccbwken t`dca sats obrtf tfa oke`elk`c `ssats, ia`suram `t o`kr v`cua, dy cavac wktfke tfa o`kr v`cua fkar`rlfy `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 (ke tfbus`ems)7 O`kr _`cua Ia`suraiaets `t Tapbrtken M`ta Qsken @ssats

Cavac 0

ouems(0)

Cavac 4

$

”

]bt`c

Ibeay i`rhat .................................... @v`kc`dca-obr-s`ca salurktkas7 Q.\. Nbvareiaet `em `naely salurktkas (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iueklkp`c dbems(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ssat-d`lham salurktkas(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbiiarlk`c p`par(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbrpbr`ta madt salurktkas(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbrpbr`ta aqukty salurktkas(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,:4=,?<<

$0,:4=,?<<

” ” ” ” ” 6?,?4;

0,4>=,<66 14,60? 6,;<< =?:,;<< 00?,600 ”

0,4>=,<66 14,60? 6,;<< =?:,;<< 00?,600 6?,?4;

]bt` ]b t`cc `ss `ssat atss `t o` o`kr kr v` v`cu cuaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,0 $0 ,000 00,4 ,4?4 ?4

$0,; $0 ,;0< 0<,6 ,660 60

$<,: $< ,:41 41,0 ,0=< =<

(0)

]fa ibeay i`rha i`rhatt ouems, Q.\. Nbvare Nbvareiaet iaet `em `nael `naely y salur salurktkas ktkas,, iuekl iueklkp`c kp`c dbems, `ssat `ssat-d`lha -d`lham m salur salurktkas, ktkas, lbiiarlk`c p`par, `em lbrpbr`ta madt salurktkas `ra lc`sskokam `s p`rt bo aktfar l`sf `em l`sf aqukv`caets br kevastiaets ke i`rhat`dca madt salurktkas ke tfa lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaat.

(4)

]fa lbrpbr`ta aqukty salurktkas `ra lc`sskokam `s p`rt bo tfa btfar cben-tari `ssats ke tfa lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaat.

]fa `ibuet bo l`sf `em l`sf aqukv`caets `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelcumas $16< ikcckbe ke l`sf mapbsktam wktf lbiiarlk`c d`ehs. ]fa o`kr v`cua bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s Cavac 0 oke`elk`c `ssats `ra d`sam be qubtam i`rhat prklas bo tfa kmaetkl`c uemarcyken salurkty. ]fa o`kr v`cua bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s Cavac 4 oke`elk`c `ssats `ra bdt`keam orbi ra`mkcy-`v`kc`dca prklken sburlas obr tfa kmaetkl`c uemarcyken salurkty tf`t i`y ebt da `ltkvacy tr`mam. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey mkm ebt f`va `ey i`tark`c Cavac < oke`elk`c `ssats br ck`dkcktkas.

Ebta ;

MAD]

Ke @prkc 4::<, tfa Lbip`ey kssuam $>1: ikcckbe bo zarb lbupbe saekbr lbevartkdca ebtas (tfa –Ebtas’) mua @prkc 0, 4::6, rasuctken ke eat prblaams tb tfa Lbip`ey bo `pprbxki`tacy $><< ikcckbe `otar tr`es`ltkbe oaas bo  $0> ikcckbe, wfklf wara maoarram `em wara kelcumam be tfa lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats ke prap`km axpaesas `em btfar lurraet `ssats. ]fa Ebtas wara kssuam `t p`r `em mkm ebt da`r ketarast. ]fa Ebtas wara lbevartkdca ketb [`fbb! lbiibe stblh `t ` lbevarskbe prkla bo $4:.1: par sf`ra. A`lf $0,::: prkelkp`c `ibuet bo tfa Ebtas wara lbevartkdca ketb =6.>6 sf`ras bo [`fbb! lbiibe stblh. ]fa Ebtas wara lbevartkdca prkbr tb tfa oke`c i`turkty m`ta (0) murken `ey oksl`c qu`rtar ko tfa lcbsken s`ca prkla bo  tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh obr `t ca`st 4: tr`mken m`ys ke tfa <: tr`mken-m`y parkbm aemken be tfa c`st tr`mken m`y bo tfa kiiamk`tacy pralamken oksl`c qu`rtar axlaamam 00: parlaet bo tfa lbevarskbe prkla be tf`t <:tf tr`mken m`y, (4) murken tfa parkbm dankeeken G`eu`ry 0, 4::6 tfrbunf tfa i`turkty m`ta, ko tfa lcbsken s`ca prkla bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh be tfa pravkbus tr`mken m`y w`s 00: parlaet br ibra bo tfa tfae lurraet lbevarskbe prkla `em (<) upbe spalkokam lbrpbr`ta tr`es`ltkbes. Qpbe lbevarskbe, tfa Lbip`ey f`m tfa rknft tb mackvar l`sf ke ckau bo lbiibe stblh. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, $>1: ikcckbe bo tfa Ebtas wara lbevartam ketb <?.? ikcckbe sf`ras bo  [`fbb! lbiibe stblh. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfa Ebtas wara lc`sskokam `s sfbrt-tari madt, dal`usa ko  66

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) lbevarskbe f`m ebt daae raquastam dy tfa fbcmars bo tfa Ebtas, tfa Lbip`ey wbucm f`va f`m tb sattca tfa Ebtas ke l`sf `t i`turkty.

Ebta 0: KELBIA  ]@VA\ ]fa lbipbeaets bo kelbia daobra kelbia t`xas, a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts, `em ikebrkty ketarasts `ra `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

Qektam Qekt am \t` \t`ta tass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0,: $0,::4 :4,? ,?>< >< $??? $???,1 ,1<< << $ =1>,4? =1>,4?< < Obra Ob rakn kne( e(*) *) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;1,<4> ;1,< 4> 064, 06 4,6; 6;0 0 (<?0 (< ?0,= ,=?4 ?4)) Kelbia daobra prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas, a`rekens ke aqukty ketara ket arasts sts,, `em `em ikebr ikebrkty kty ket ketara arasts sts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,:;6 $0, :;6,:: ,::: :

$6=;,= $6= ;,=4= 4=

$ ;1, ;1,6:0 6:0

(*) Kelcumas ` $=66 ikcckbe nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna ke 4::6. ]fa prbvkskbe (daeaokt) obr kelbia t`xas ks lbipbsam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

Lurraet7 Qekt Qe ktam am \t` \t`ta tass oama oamar` r`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \t``ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \t Obra Ob rakn kne e ................................................... ]bt` ]b t`cc lurr lurrae aett prb prbvks vkskb kbe e obr obr kel kelbi biaa t` t`xa xass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::>

4::6

$ 1;1,;? 1;1,;?> > $ <6:,;4 <6:,;4< < $4 $446 46,4 ,4:; :; ?6,< ?6 ,<=6 =6 6>,>41 6>,> 41 0?,? 0? ,?:< :< ?6,0 ?6 ,04; 4; 60,< 60 ,<1> 1> 1<,4 1< ,44; 4; ><4, >< 4,== === =

11:, 11 :,:: ::1 1

4;6, 4; 6,:= :=0 0

Maoarram7 Qekt Qe ktam am \t \t`t `tas as oa oama mar` r`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \t`t \t `taa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obra Ob rakn kne e . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

(440,4 (440 ,4:= :=)) (4<, (4 <,=: =:<) <) (4;, (4 ;,64 64?) ?)

(0<>,: (0<> ,:;1 ;1)) (<>, (< >,:= :=?) ?) (<6, (< 6,?: ?:0) 0)

00,664 00,6 64 (<=, (< =,4= 4=6) 6) (04, (0 4,;1 ;16) 6)

]bt`c ]bt `c mao maoarr arram am prb prbvks vkskbe kbe (da (daeao eaokt) kt) obr kel kelbia bia t`x t`xas as . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4>=,= (4> =,=<<) <<)

(404,> (40 4,>=4) =4)

(<1,<4= (<1, <4=))

Zrbvk Zrb vksk skbe be obr obr kel kelbi biaa t`xa t`xass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6;

$ =16,:0 =16,:00 0

$ <<>,4? <<>,4?< <

$4?4 $4 ?4,> ,>0> 0>

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas mkooars orbi tfa `ibuet lbiputam dy `ppcyken tfa oamar`c st`tutbry kelbia t`x r`ta tb kelbia daobra prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?(*)

4::>(*)

4::6

Kelbia t`x `t tfa Kelbia tfa Qekta Qektam m \t`ta \t`tass oamar oamar`c `c st`t st`tutb utbry ry r`ta r`ta bo <1 <1 parla parlaet et . . . . . . . . . $<6=,< $<6=,<:: :: $4;>,4 $4;>,4;> ;> $ <<, <<,1<: 1<: \t`t \t `taa ke kelb lbia ia t` t`xa xas, s, ea eatt bo oa oama mar` r`cc dae daeao aokt kt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =<,4 =< ,4;> ;> <4,; <4 ,;=4 =4 (6,<;1 (6,< ;1)) Lf`e Lf `ena na ke v` v`cu cu`t `tkb kbe e `c `ccb cbw` w`el elaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01,4 01 ,4:? :? ;,6: ;, 6:? ? 41,? 41 ,?>= >= \tbl \t blhh-d` d`sa sam m lb lbip ipae aes` s`tk tkbe be ax axpa paes esaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06,? 06 ,?14 14 <=,: <= ,:00 00 ==,; == ,;<6 <6 Tasa Ta sa`r `rlf lf t` t`x x lra lramk mkts ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,< (1 ,<:: ::)) (6,? (6 ,?06 06)) (0 (0<, <,;1 ;1=) =) Aooa Ao oalt lt bo eb ebee-Q. Q.\. \. bp bpar ar`t `tkb kbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,4= 1, 4=? ? (<>, (< >,4< 4<6) 6) 06,= 06 ,=:< :< Ia``cs `e Ia `em m ae aeta tart rt`k `kei eiae aett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,;0 0, ;00 0 4,>> 4, >>: : 4,60 4, 60? ? \atttc \a tcaaiaet wktf t`x `utfbrktka kass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ” (1,,4=1) (1 Nbbmwkcc kip ip``kri riaaet lf`rna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ” 0>:,?== Btfa Bt farr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,< (1 ,<:0 :0)) ?,4; ?, 4;< < (1,? (1 ,?;= ;=)) Zrbvksk Zrbv kskbe be obr obr kelbia kelbia t`xa t`xass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$=16,: $=1 6,:00 00

$<<>,4 $<< >,4?< ?<

$4?4,> $4? 4,>0> 0>

(*) La Lart` rt`ke ke ral ralc`s c`ssko skokl` kl`tkb tkbes es f`v f`vaa daa daae e i`m i`maa tb prkb prkbrr ya` ya`rr `ib `ibuet uetss ke brm brmar ar tb lbe lbeobri obri tb tfa lurraet lurraet ya` ya`rr prasaet`tkbe. ]fa sknekokl`etcy fknfar aooaltkva t`x r`ta ke 4::6 w`s prki`rkcy l`usam dy tfa $=66 ikcckbe nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna, tfa i`gbrkty bo wfklf w`s ebe-mamultkdca obr t`x purpbsas, `s wacc `s tfa kip`lt bo tfa nabnr`pfkl ikx bo  a`rekens. ]fa 4::6 st`ta kelbia t`x prbvkskbe raocalts tfa luiuc`tkva t`x daeaokt bo ` o`vbr`dca st`ta t`x rucken nr`etam ke 4::6 `em ratrb`ltkva tb 4::>. ]fa 4::> prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas raocalts tfa t`x daeaokt rac`tam tb tfa raca`sa bo maoarram t`x ck`dkcktk ck`dkcktkas as ke lbeealtk lbeealtkbe be wktf lf`enas tb tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey‛s ‛s wbrcmwkma aetkty strultura ke 4::>. Maoarram kelbia t`xas raocalt tfa t`x aooalts bo taipbr`ry mkooaraelas datwaae tfa l`rryken `ibuets bo `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas obr oke`elk`c rapbrtken purpbsas `em tfa `ibuets usam obr kelbia t`x purpbsas. ]fa lbipbeaets bo  maoarram kelbia t`x `ssats `em ck`dkcktkas `ra `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 Malaidar <0, 4::>

4::6

Maoarram kelbia t`x `ssats7 Eat bpar bpar`tk `tken en cbss cbss `em `em t`x t`x lramkt lramkt l`rr l`rryob yobrw` rw`rms rms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 061 061,?= ,?=? ? $ 0;1 0;1,<: ,<:? ? \tblh \tb lh-d -d`s `sam am lb lbip ipae aes` s`tk tkbe be ax axpa paes esaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <00,;1 <00, ;11 1 46>,=0 46>, =0> > EbeEb e-ma mamu mult ltkd kdca ca ras rasar arva vass `em `em axpa axpaes esas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00:, 00 :,6; 6;= = 01;, 01 ;,>< ><1 1 Ket` Ke t`en enkd kdca ca `s `ssa sats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1=,0 1= ,0:< :< <?,? <? ,??= ?= Nrbsss mao Nrbs maoar arra ram m kelb kelbia ia t` t`x x `ss `ssat atss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _`cu _` cu`t `tkb kbe e `cc `ccbw bw`e `ela la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maoarr Mao arram am kelbi kelbiaa t`x `ss `ssats ats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

??4,1; ??4, 1;6 6 (??,= (?? ,=66 66)) $ 1;? 1;?,00 ,00: :

?>;,04 ?>;, 044 4 (6<,1 (6< ,11: 1:)) $ 1;1 1;1,1> ,1>4 4

Maoarram kelbia t`x ck`dkcktkas7 Qera`c Qer a`ckza kzam m kevast kevastiae iaett n`kes n`kes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (0=, (0=,0<? 0<?)) $ (=,6 (=,6<6) <6) Zurl Zu rlf` f`sa sam m ket` ket`en enkdc kdcaa `ss `ssat atss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (>;,6:? (>;,6 :?)) (41,;=4 (41,; =4)) Kevast Kev astiae iaets ts ke ke aqukt aqukty y ketara ketarasts sts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (0=>,<= (0=> ,<=<) <) (=1< (=1<,6: ,6:4) 4) Maoarr Mao arram am kelbi kelbiaa t`x ck`d ck`dkckt kcktkas kas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat maoa maoarra rram m kelbia kelbia t`x t`x `ssa `ssats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;:

$(4=0,4 $(4= 0,461) 61) $(= $(=6=, 6=,164 164)) $ <1= <1=,64 ,641 1

$ 00: 00:,;; ,;;: :

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Murken 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey ralbrmam ` maoarra maoarram m t`x ck`dkckty bo $4>? ikcckbe ke lbeea lbeealtkbe ltkbe wktf tfa ebe-l` ebe-l`sf sf n`ke ralbrmam rac`tam tb tfa KZB bo @ckd`d`.lbi. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey‛s oamar`c `em st`ta eat bpar`tken cbss l`rryobrw`rms obr kelbia t`x purpbsas wara `pprbxki`tacy $=?= ikcckbe `em $001 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. @pprbxki`tacy $4=1 ikcckbe bo tfa $=?= ikcckbe oamar`c eat bpar`tken cbss l`rryobrw`rms rasuctam orbi axarlksas bo aipcbyaa stblh bptkbes `em waraa ebt ral war ralbrm brmam am be tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam d`c d`c`el `elaa sfa sfaats ats.. Ke `ll `llbrm brm`el `elaa wkt wktf f \O@\ 04<T, sul sulf f ueralbnekzam maoarram t`x daeaokts wkcc da `llbuetam obr `s ` lramkt tb `mmktkbe`c p`km-ke-l`pkt`c ko `em wfae ra`ckzam tfrbunf ` ramultkbe ke kelbia t`x p`y`dca. Ko ebt utkckzam, tfa oamar`c eat bpar`tken cbss l`rryobrw`rms wkcc danke tb axpkra ke 4:0; `em tfa st`ta eat bpar`tken cbss l`rryobrw`rms wkcc danke tb axpkra ke 4:0:. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s oamar`c `em st`ta rasa`rlf t`x lramkt l`rryobrw`rms obr kelbia t`x purpbsas `ra `pprbxki`tacy $0=; ikcckbe `em $0?> ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. Ko ebt utkckzam, tfa oamar`c rasa`rlf t`x lramkt l`rryobrw`rms wkcc danke tb axpkra ke 4:0:. ]fa st`ta rasa`rlf t`x lramkt l`rryobrw`rms wkcc ebt axpkra. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s ` v`cu`tkbe `ccbw`ela bo `pprbxki`tacy $6= ikcckbe `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 `n`kest lart`ke maoarram kelbia t`x `ssats tf`t `ra ebt ibra ckhacy tf`e ebt tb da ra`ckzam ke outura parkbms. Ke av`cu`tken tfa Lbip`ey‛s `dkckty tb ra`ckza kts maoarram kelbia t`x `ssats tfa Lbip`ey lbeskmars `cc `v`kc`dca pbsktkva `em ean`tkva avkmaela, kelcumken bpar`tken rasucts, benbken t`x pc`eeken, `em obral`sts bo outura t`x`dca kelbia be `  gurksmkltkbe dy gurksmkltkbe d`sks. ]fa v`cu`tkbe `ccbw`ela `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 rac`tas tb obrakne eat bpar`tken cbss `em lramkt l`rryobrw`rms tf`t wkcc ramula tfa prbvkskbe obr kelbia t`xas ko `em wfae ralbnekzam. ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y prbv prbvkma kmass Q.\ Q.\.. kel kelbia bia t`x t`xas as be tfa a`r a`reke ekens ns bo obra obrakne kne sud sudskm skmk`r k`rkas kas uec uecass ass tfa sud sudskm skmk`r k`rkas kas‛‛ a`rekens `ra lbeskmaram kemaokektacy rakevastam butskma tfa Q.\. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, Q.\. kelbia t`xas waraa ebt prb war prbvkm vkmam am obr be ` lui luiuc` uc`tkv tkvaa tbt tbt`c `c bo $0. $0.1 1 dkc dkcckb ckbe e bo uem uemkst kstrkdu rkdutam tam a`rekens a`rekens obr lar lart`k t`ke e obr obrakn akne e sudskmk`rkas `em ` lbrpbr`ta gbket vaetura. Ko tfasa a`rekens wara tb da rap`trk`tam, tfa Lbip`ey wbucm da sudgalt tb `mm `mmktkb ktkbe`c e`c Q.\ Q.\.. kel kelbia bia t`xas (sudgalt (sudgalt tb `e `mg `mgust ustiae iaett obr obrakne obrakne t`x lramkts) lramkts).. Kt ks ebt pr`ltkl`d pr`ltkl`dca ca tb matarikea tfa kelbia t`x ck`dkckty tf`t iknft da kelurram ko tfasa a`rekens wara tb da rap`trk`tam. ]fa Lbip`ey `mbptam tfa prbvkskbes bo OKE =6 be G`eu`ry 0, 4::>. @s ` rasuct bo tfa kipcaiaet`tkbe bo OKE =6, tfa Lbip`ey ralbnekzam ` $=? ikcckbe kelra`sa tb tfa G`eu`ry 0, 4::> d`c`ela bo rat`keam a`rekens rac`tam tb `mgust `mg ustiae iaets ts tb lar lart`k t`ke e uera ueralbn lbnekz ekzam am t`x dae daeaok aokts. ts. @ ral ralbel belkck` kck`tkb tkbe e bo tfa dan dankee keeken ken `em aem aemken ken `ib `ibuet uet bo  ueralbnekzam t`x daeaokts ke 4::> `em 4::6 ks `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 4::>

4::6

Qeralbnek Qeralb nekzam zam t`x t`x daeao daeaokts kts d`c`e d`c`ela la `t G`eu G`eu`ry `ry 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nrbs Nr bsss kel kelra ra`s `saa obr obr t`x t`x pb pbsk sktkb tkbes es bo pr prkb kbrr ya`r ya`rss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nrbss Nrb ss malr malra`s a`saa obr t`x pbs pbsktk ktkbes bes bo prkbr prkbr ya`r ya`rss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nrbs Nr bsss kel kelra ra`s `saa obr obr t`x t`x pb pbsk sktkb tkbes es bo lu lurr rrae aett ya`r ya`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nrbs Nr bsss ma malr lra` a`ssa ob obrr t` t`x x pb pbsk sktk tkbe bess bo lur urra raet et ya ya`r `r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \att \a ttca caia iaet etss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C`ps C` psaa bo st st`t `tut utaa bo ck ckik ikt` t`tk tkbe bess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$?0;,1>6 $?0;,1 >6 $?61,? $?61,?>4 >4 <;,1 <; ,11= 1= >:,= >: ,=>= >= (4=,=< (4= ,=<<) <) (01, (01,:?1 :?1)) 1:,; 1: ,;>< >< 16,? 16 ,??> ?> ” ” ” (0,? (0 ,?; ;0) ” ”

Qeralb Qer albnek nekzam zam t`x t`x daeao daeaokts kts d`c`e d`c`ela la `t Mala Malaida idarr <0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$?61,? $?6 1,?>4 >4

$>;6,: $>; 6,:1> 1>

;0

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa tbt`c ueralbnekzam t`x daeaokts `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6 kelcuma `pprbxki`tacy $==4 ikcckbe `em $=14 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, bo ueralbnekzam t`x daeaokts tf`t f`va daae eattam `n`kest tfa rac`tam maoarram t`x `ssats. ]fa rai`keken d`c`elas `ra ralbrmam be tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey‛s ‛s lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 Malaidar <0, 4::> 4::6

]bt`c ueral ]bt`c ueralbne bnekza kzam m t`x daea daeaokt oktss d`c`el d`c`elaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ?61 ?61,?> ,?>4 4 $ >;6 >;6,:1 ,:1> > @ibuet @ib uetss eatta eattam m `n`ke `n`kest st rac`t rac`tam am maoa maoarra rram m t`x t`x `ssat `ssatss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (==4,4: (==4 ,4:1) 1) (=10 (=10,>; ,>;:) :) Qeralbnekza Qeralb nekzam m t`x daeaokt daeaoktss ralbrmam ralbrmam be be lbesbckm`t lbesbckm`tam am d`c`ela d`c`ela sfaats sfaats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 4=<,=?>

$ <=?,4?>

@ibuetss lc` @ibuet lc`ssk sskoka okam m `s `s `ll `llrua ruam m axpa axpaesa esass `em btf btfar ar lur lurrae raett ck`d ck`dkck kcktka tkass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0,< 0,<10 10 @ibuet @ib uetss lc`s lc`ssko skokam kam `s mao maoarr arram am `em `em btf btfar ar cben cben-ta -tari ri t`x t`x ck` ck`dkc dkcktk ktkas, as, eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=4,00? 4=4,00 ?

$

Qeralbnekza Qeralb nekzam m t`x daeaokt daeaoktss ralbrmam ralbrmam be be lbesbckm`t lbesbckm`tam am d`c`ela d`c`ela sfaats sfaats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ <=?,4?>

$ 4=<,=?>

1,10; 1,10; <=:,>= <=: ,>=6 6

]fa tbt`c uer ueralb albnek nekzam zam t`x dae daeaok aokts ts bo $>; $>;6 6 ikc ikcckb ckbe e `t Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::6 6 kel kelcum cumam am $?0 $?0< < ikcc ikcckbe kbe tf` tf`t, t, ko  ralbnekzam, wbucm ramula tfa aooaltkva kelbia t`x r`ta ke outura parkbms. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbnekzas ketarast `em/br pae`ctkas rac`tam tb uelart`ke t`x pbsktkbes ke kelbia t`x axpaesa. ]b tfa axtaet `llruam ketarast `em pae`ct pae`ctkas kas mb ebt uctki`tacy dalbia p`y`dca, p`y`dca, `ibuet `ibuetss `llrua `llruam m wkcc da ramul ramulam am `em raocaltam `s ` ramultkbe bo tfa bvar`cc kelbia t`x prbvkskbe ke tfa parkbm tf`t sulf matarike`tkbe ks i`ma. Murken 4::> `em 4::6, ketarast `em pae`ctkas ralbrmam ke tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo kelbia wara $0 ikcckbe `em $? ikcckbe,, raspal ikcckbe raspaltkvacy tkvacy.. ]fa `ibuets bo `llru `llruam am ketara ketarast st `em pae`ctkas ralbrmam be tfa lbesbckm`tam lbesbckm`tam d`c`e d`c`ela la sfaat sfaatss `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::> `em 4::6 wara `pprbxki`tacy $< ikcckbe `em $04 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. ]fa Lbip`ey okcas kelbia t`x ratures ke tfa Q.\. oamar`c gurksmkltkbe `em ke i`ey Q.\. st`tas `em obrakne  gurksmkltkbes. ]fa t`x ya`rs 0;;1 tb 4::6 rai`ke bpae tb ax`ike`tkbe dy tfa i`gbr t`xken gurksmkltkbes ke wfklf tfa Lbip`ey ks sudgalt tb t`x. ]fa ax`ike`tkbe bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s oamar`c kelbia t`x ratures obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::< `em Malaidar <0, 4::= w`s lbipcatam ke 4::6 `em rasuctam ke eb i`tark`c `mgustiaets. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s oamar`c `em L`ckobrek` kelbia t`x ratures obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::1 `em 4::? `ra uemar ax`ike`tkbe dy tfa Ketare`c Tavaeua \arvkla `em tfa L`ckobrek` Or`elfksa ]`x Db`rm.

Ebta 00

\]BLHFBCMAT\‛ A PQK][

\tblhfbcmar \tblhf bcmar Tknfts Zc`e.   ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y `mb `mbpta ptam m ` stb stblhf lhfbcm bcmar ar rkn rknfts fts pc` pc`e e `em kek kektk` tk`ccy ccy mal malc`ra c`ram m ` mkv mkvkma kmaem em

mkstrkdutkbe bo bea rknft obr a`lf butst`emken sf`ra bo lbiibe stblh tb stblhfbcmars bo ralbrm `s bo I`rlf 4:, 4::0. @s ` rasuct bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s twb-obr-bea stblh spckt aooaltkva I`y 00, 4::=, a`lf sf`ra bo lbiibe stblh  ks ebw `ssblk`tam wktf bea-f`co bo bea rknft. A`lf rknft aetktcas tfa fbcmar tb purlf`sa bea uekt lbeskstken bo bea bea-tfbus`emtf bo ` sf`ra bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s \arkas @ Guekbr Z`rtklkp`tken Zraoarram \tblh obr $41: par uekt. Qemar lart`ke lkrluist`elas, ko ` parsbe br nrbup `lqukras 01 parlaet br ibra bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s butst`emken lbiibe stblh, fbcmars bo tfa rknfts (btfar tf`e tfa parsbe br nrbup trknnarken tfakr axarlksa) wkcc da `dca tb purlf`sa, ke axlf`ena obr tfa $41: axarlksa prkla, sf`ras bo kts lbiibe stblh br bo `ey lbip`ey ketb wfklf tfa Lbip`ey ks iarnam f`vken ` v`cua bo $1::. ]fa rknfts axpkra be I`rlf 0, 4:00, uecass axtaemam dy tfa Lbip`ey‛s Lbip`e y‛s Db`rm bo Mkral Mkraltbrs tbrs (tfa –Db`r –Db`rm’). m’). Dal`usa tfa rknfts i`y sudst sudst`etk`c `etk`ccy cy mkcuta tfa stblh bwearsfkp bo  ` parsbe br nrbup `ttaiptken tb t`ha bvar tfa Lbip`ey wktfbut tfa `pprbv`c bo tfa Db`rm, tfa Lbip`ey‛s rknfts pc`e lbucm i`ha kt ibra mkookluct obr ` tfkrm-p`rty tb `lqukra tfa Lbip`ey (br ` sknekokl`et parlaet`na bo kts butst`emken l`pkt`c stblh) wktfbut okrst eanbtk`tken wktf tfa Db`rm ran`rmken tf`t `lquksktkbe.

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[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Ke `mmktkbe, tfa Db`rm f`s tfa `utfbrkty tb kssua up tb 0: ikcckbe sf`ras bo Zraoarram \tblh (bo wfklf 4 ikcckbe sf`ras f`va daae maskne`tam `s \arkas @ Guekbr Z`rtklkp`tken Zraoarram \tblh) `em tb matarikea tfa prkla, rknfts, praoaraelas, prkvkcanas, `em rastrkltkbes, kelcumken vbtken rknfts, bo tfbsa sf`ras wktfbut `ey ourtfar vbta br `ltkbe dy tfa stblhfbcmars. ]fa stblhfbcmar rknfts pc`e w`s ebt `mbptam ke raspbesa tb `ey aoobrt tb `lqukra lbetrbc bo  tfa Lbip`ey. ]fa Lbip`ey rapurlf`sas kts lbiibe stblh orbi tkia tb tkia prki`rkcy tb ramula tfa mkcutkva aooalts bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s stblh bptkbes, `w`rms, `em aipcbyaa stblh purlf`sa pc`e. \tblh Tapurlf`sas.  Ke I`rlf 4::1, tfa Db`rm `utfbrkzam tfa rapurlf`sa bo up tb $<.: dkcckbe bo kts butst`emken

sf`ras bo lbiibe stblh bvar tfa eaxt okva ya`rs, mapae mapaemaet maet be i`rhat lbemktkbes, lbemktkbes, stblh prkla, `em btfar o`ltbrs. o`ltbrs. Qemar tfks prbnr`i, murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar Malaidar <0, 4::1, tfa Lbip` Lbip`ey ey rapurlf`sam rapurlf`sam 00.> ikcckbe sf`ras bo  lbiibe stblh `t `e `var`na prkla bo $<<.4: par sf`ra, obr tbt`c lbeskmar`tkbe bo $<66 ikcckbe. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey rapurlf`sam ;<.0 ikcckbe sf`ras bo lbiibe stblh `t `e `var`na prkla bo  $4;.6= $4; .6= par sf` sf`ra, ra, kel kelcum cumken ken <0. <0.? ? ikcc ikcckbe kbe sf` sf`ras ras ral ralakv akvam am upb upbe e tfa i`t i`turk urkty ty bo str strult ultura uram m stb stblh lh rap rapurl urlf`s f`saa tr`es`ltkbes tr`es` ltkbes.. ]bt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe lbeskmar`tkbe obr tfa stblh rapurlf`sas rapurlf`sas ke 4::? w`s $4.6 dkcckbe wfklf lbeskstam bo $0.6 dkcckbe mkralt stblh rapurl rapurlf`sas f`sas,, $:.1 dkcckbe `s ` rasuct bo sattca sattcaiaets iaets bo strult strulturam uram stblh rapurl rapurlf`sa f`sa tr`es`ltkbes tr`es`ltkbes aetaram ketb ke 4::1, `em $:.1 dkcckbe `s ` rasuct bo sattcaiaets bo strulturam stblh rapurlf`sa tr`es`ltkbes aetaram ketb ke 4::?. Kelcumken tfa $41: ikcckbe strulturam stblh tr`es`ltkbe sattcam ke Bltbdar 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey f`m sudst`etk`ccy lbipcatam tfa $<.: dkcckbe `utfbrkzam stblh rapurlf`sa prbnr`i `s bo \aptaidar <:, 4::?. Ke Bltbdar 4::?, tfa Db`rm `utfbrkzam ` eaw stblh rapurlf`sa prbnr`i `ccbwken kt tb rapurlf`sa up tb $<.: dkcckbe bo kts butst`emken sf`ras bo lbiibe stblh orbi tkia tb tkia bvar tfa eaxt okva ya`rs orbi tfa m`ta bo  `utfbrkz`tkb `utfbr kz`tkbe, e, mapae mapaemaet maet be i`rhat lbemktkbes, lbemktkbes, stblh prkla, `em btfar o`ltb o`ltbrs. rs. Tapurlf`sas Tapurlf`sas i`y t`ha pc`la ke tfa bpae i`rhat br ke prkv`tacy eanbtk`tam tr`es`ltkbes, kelcumken markv`tkva tr`es`ltkbes, `em i`y da i`ma uemar ` Tuca 0:d1-0 pc`e. Qemar tfks prbnr`i, ke tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey rapurlf`sam 1>.; ikcckbe sf`ras bo  lbiibe stblh mkraltcy `t `e `var`na prkla bo $4>.<= par sf`ra. ]bt`c l`sf lbeskmar`tkbe obr tfa rapurlf`sam stblh  w`s $0.? dkc dkcckb ckbe. e. Qem Qemar ar tfk tfkss prb prbnr` nr`i, i, ke tfa ya`r aem aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey rap rapurl urlf`s f`sam am <.= ikcckbe sf`ras bo lbiibe stblh mkraltcy `t `e `var`na prkla bo $4<.<; par sf`ra, obr tbt`c lbeskmar`tkbe bo  $>; ikcckbe. ]fa rai`keken `utfbrkz`tkbe `utfbrkz`tkbe uemar tfa Lbip`ey‛s sf`ra rapurlf`sa rapurlf`sa prbnr` prbnr`i i ks `pprbxki`tacy `pprbxki`tacy $0.0 dkcckbe. Ke `mm `mmktkb ktkbe, e, upb upbe e tfa vas vastke tken n bo lar lart`k t`ke e ras rastrk trklta ltam m stb stblh lh `w` `w`rms rms murken tfa ya` ya`rr aem aemam am Mal Malaid aidar ar <0, 4:: 4::6, 6, 0.0 ikcckbe sf`ras bo sulf vastam stblh wara ra`lqukram dy tfa Lbip`ey tb s`tksoy t`x wktffbcmken bdckn`tkbes. ]fasa rapurlf`sam rapurlf`sam sf`ras wara ralbrmam `s $4> ikcckbe bo tra`s tra`sury ury stblh `em `llbrmkency `llbrmkency ramulam tfa euida euidarr bo  lbiibe sf`ras butst`emken dy 0.0 ikcckbe. \trulturam \trult uram \tblh Tapurl Tapurlf`sas f`sas..   Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey f`m sattcaiaets bo 

strulturam stblh rapurlf`sa tr`es`ltkbes obr ` tbt`c `ibuet bo $:.1 dkcckbe wfklf tfa Lbip`ey aetaram ketb ke 4::1 rasuctken ke rapurlf`sas bo 01.0 ikcckbe sf`ras `t `e `var`na prkla bo $<4.66 par sf`ra. @ strulturam stblh  rapurlf`sa tr`es`ltkbe obr tfa `ibuet bo $41: ikcckbe tf`t tfa Lbip`ey aetaram ketb ke 4::1 w`s sattcam ke l`sf rasuctken ke l`sf prblaams bo $4>4 ikcckbe ke 4::?. ]fa Lbip`ey `csb aetaram ketb strulturam stblh rapurlf`sa tr`es`ltkbes obr ` tbt`c `ibuet bo $:.1 dkcckbe ke 4::?. @cc bo tfasa tr`es`ltkbes wara sattcam ke stblh murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::? rasuctken ke tfa rapurlf`sa bo 0?.1 ikcckbe sf`ras `t `e `var`na prkla bo $<:.41 par sf`ra. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey aetaram ketb ` $41: ikcckbe strulturam stblh  rapurlf`sa tr`es`ltkbe. ]fks tr`es`ltkbe i`turam `em sattcam ke 4::>. ]fa Lbip`ey ralakvam 6.= ikcckbe sf`ras bo kts lbi lbiibe ibe stb stblh lh `t `e aooa aooaltk ltkva va duy duy-d` -d`lh lh prk prkla la bo $4; $4;.6: .6: par sf` sf`ra. ra. ]fa str strult ultura uram m stb stblh lh rap rapurl urlf`s f`saa tr`es`ltkbes wara ralbrmam ke stblhfbcmars‛ aqukty be tfa lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats. Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey f`m eb strulturam stblh rapurlf`sa tr`es`ltkbes.

;<

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]b m`t m`ta, a, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y f`s rapurlf`s rapurlf`sam am 4:6 4:6.> .> ikc ikcckbe ckbe sf`ras, sf`ras, wfk wfklf lf `ra ral ralbrm brmam am `s p`r p`rtt bo tra tra`su `sury ry stb stblh. lh. ]ra`sury stblh ks `llbuetam obr uemar tfa lbst iatfbm.

Ebta 04

AIZCB[AA DAEAOK]\  Daeaokt Zc`es.  ]fa Lbip`ey i`ket`kes ` [`fbb! Kel. =:0(h) Zc`e (tfa –=:0(h) Zc`e’) obr kts oucc-tkia aipcbyaas ke tfa Q.\. ]fa =:0(h) Zc`e `ccbws aipcbyaas bo tfa Lbip`ey tb lbetrkduta up tb tfa Ketare`c Tavaeua Lbma prasl pra slrk rkda dam m i` i`xk xkiu iui i `i `ibu buet et.. Ai Aipc pcby byaa aass i` i`y y ac acal altt tb lb lbet etrkd rkduta uta orb orbi i 0 tb 1: pa parl rlae aett bo tf tfak akrr `e `eeu eu`c `c lbipae lbi paes`t s`tkbe kbe tb tfa =:0 =:0(h) (h) Zc` Zc`e. e. ]fa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey i`t i`tlfa lfass aip aipcby cbyaa aa lbe lbetrkd trkdutk utkbes bes `t ` r`t r`taa bo 41 par parlae laet. t. Aipcbyaa Aipcby aa lbetrkdutkbes lbetrkdutkbes `ra ouccy vastam, wfara`s vastken ke i`tlf i`tlfken ken Lbip`ey lbetrkdutkbes lbetrkdutkbes bllurs `t ` r`ta bo  << parlaet par ya`r bo aipcbyiaet. Murken 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbetrkdutkbes tb tfa =:0(h) Zc`e `ibuetam tb `pprbxki`tacy $0? ikcckbe, $0; ikcckbe, `em $40 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. ]fa Lbip`ey `csb lbetrkdutam `pprbxki`tacy $0< ikcckbe, $06 ikcckbe, `em $4? ikcckbe tb kts btfar daeaokt pc`es butskma bo tfa Q.\. obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy. \tblh Zc`es.  ]fa 0;;1 Zc`e `em stblh-d`sam `w`rm pc`es `ssuiam tfrbunf `lquksktkbes `ra lbccaltkvacy raoarram

tb `s tfa –Zc –Zc`es `es.’ .’ ]fa 0;;1 Zc` Zc`e e prbvkm prbvkmas as obr tfa kss kssu`e u`ela la bo stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am `w` `w`rms rms tb aip aipcby cbyaas aas,, kel kelcum cumken ken axalutkva axalu tkva booklars, `em lbesu lbesuct`ets ct`ets.. ]fa 0;;1 Zc`e parikts tfa nr`etk nr`etken en bo kelae kelaetkva tkva stblh bptkbes bptkbes,, ebe-st ebe-st`tutb `tutbry ry stblh bptkbes, rastrkltam stblh, rastrkltam stblh uekts, stblh `ppralk`tkbe rknfts, kemaxam bptkbes, `em mkvkmaem aqukv`caets. Bptkbes nr`etam uemar tfa 0;;1 Zc`e daobra I`y 0;, 4::1 naear`ccy axpkra 0: ya`rs `otar tfa nr`et m`ta, `em bptkbes nr`etam `otar I`y 0;, 4::1 naear`ccy axpkra savae ya`rs `otar tfa nr`et m`ta. Bptkbes naear`ccy dalbia axarlks`dca bvar ` obur-ya`r parkbm d`sam be lbetkeuam aipcbyiaet `em vast aktfar ibetfcy, qu`rtarcy, saik`eeu`ccy, br `eeu`ccy. ]fa 0;;1 Zc`e parikts tfa nr`etken bo rastrkltam stblh `em rastrkltam stblh uekts (lbccaltkvacy raoarram tb `s –rastrkltam stblh `w`rms’). ]fa vastken bo rastrkltam stblh `w`rms ks naear`ccy tfa p`ss`na bo tkia, tb iaatken lart`ke parobri`ela-d`sam bdgaltkvas, br ` lbidke`tkbe bo dbtf, `em lbetkeuam aipcbyiaet tfrbunf tfa vastken parkbm. Tastrkltam stblh `w`rm nr`ets `ra naear`ccy ia`suram `t o`kr v`cua be tfa m`ta bo nr`et d`sam be tfa euidar bo sf`ras nr`etam `em tfa qubtam prkla bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh. \ulf v`cua ks ralbnekzam `s `e axpaesa bvar tfa lbrraspbemken sarvkla parkbm. A`lf sf`ra bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh kssuam ke sattcaiaet bo rastrkltam stblh `w`rms ks lbuetam `s 0.>1 uetkc Guea 00, 4::> `em 4.:: sf`ras dankeeken be Guea 04, 4::> `n`kest tfa 0;;1 Zc`e‛s sf`ra ckikt. ]fa 0;;1 Zc`e prbvkmas obr tfa kssu`ela bo ` i`xkiui bo >:= ikcckbe sf`ras bo wfklf >6 ikcckbe wara stkcc `v`kc`dca obr kssu`ela `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6. ]fa Mk ]fa Mkra ralt ltbr brs‛ s‛ Zc Zc`e `e pr prbv bvkm kmas as ob obrr tf tfaa nr nr`e `ett bo eb ebeq equ` u`cko ckoka kam m st stbl blh h bp bptk tkbe bess `e `em m ra rast strk rklt ltam am st stbl blh h ue uekt ktss tb ebe-aipcbyaa mkraltbrs bo tfa Lbip`ey. ]fa Mkraltbrs‛ Zc`e prbvkmas obr tfa kssu`ela bo up tb ; ikcckbe sf`ras bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh, bo wfklf `pprbxki`tacy =.; ikcckbe wara stkcc `v`kc`dca obr kssu`ela `s bo  Malaidar <0, 4::6. A`lf sf`ra bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh kssuam ke sattcaiaet bo rastrkltam stblh uekts nr`etam uemar tfa Mkraltbrs‛ Zc`e ks lbuetam `s 0.>1 sf`ras `n`kest tfa Mkraltbrs‛ Zc`es‛ sf`ra ckikt. Bptkbess nr` Bptkbe nr`eta etam m uem uemar ar tfa Mkra Mkraltb ltbrs‛ rs‛ Zc` Zc`e e dao daobra bra I`y 41, 4:: 4::? ? nae naear` ar`ccy ccy dal dalbia bia axa axarlk rlks`d s`dca, ca, d`s d`sam am be lbetkeuam sarvkla `s ` mkraltbr, obr kektk`c nr`ets tb eaw mkraltbrs, ke aqu`c ibetfcy kest`cciaets bvar obur ya`rs, `em obr `eeu`c nr`ets, wktf 41 parlaet bo sulf bptkbes vastken be tfa bea ya`r `eekvars`ry bo tfa m`ta bo nr`et `em tfa rai`keken bptkbes vastken ke aqu`c ibetfcy kest`cciaets bvar tfa rai`keken <?-ibetf parkbm tfara`otar. \ulf bptkbes naear`ccy axpkra 0: ya`rs `otar tfa nr`et m`ta. Bptkbes nr`etam be br `otar I`y 41, 4::? dalbia

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[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) axarlks`dca,, d`sam be lbetke axarlks`dca lbetkeuam uam sarvkla `s ` mkraltbr, ke aqu`c qu`rtarcy qu`rtarcy kest`c kest`cciaets ciaets bvar bea ya`r. \ulf bptkbes naear`ccy axpkra savae ya`rs `otar tfa nr`et m`ta. Tastrkltam stblh uekts nr`etam uemar tfa Mkraltbrs‛ Zc`e vast ke aqu`c qu`rtarcy kest`cciaets bvar ` bea ya`r parkbm obccbwken tfa m`ta bo nr`et `em, bela vastam, `ra p`y`dca ke `e aqu`c euidar bo sf`ras bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh be tfa a`rckar bo tfa tfkrm `eekvars`ry bo tfa nr`et m`ta br tfa m`ta tfa mkraltbr la`sas tb da ` iaidar bo tfa Db`rm. Ebe-aipcbyaa mkraltbrs `ra `csb parikttam tb acalt `e `w`rm bo rastrkltam stblh uekts br ` stblh bptkbe uemar tfa Mkraltbrs‛ Zc`e ke ckau bo ` l`sf p`yiaet bo oaas obr sarvken `s lf`krparsbe bo ` lbiikttaa bo tfa Db`rm. \ulf stblh bptkbes br rastrkltam stblh uekt `w`rms nr`etam ke ckau bo l`sf obr lf`krparsbe oaas `ra ouccy vastam be tfa nr`et m`ta.  Aipcbyaa \tblh Zurlf`sa Zc`e.   ]fa Lbip`ey‛s 0;;? Aipcbyaa \tblh Zurlf`sa Zc`e (tfa –Zurlf`sa Zc`e’)

`ccbws aipcbyaas tb purlf`sa sf`ras bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh tfrbunf p`yrbcc mamultkbes bo up tb 01 par parlae laett bo tfa tfakr kr `ee `eeu`c u`c lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe sud sudgal galtt tb lar lart`k t`ke e Keta Ketare` re`cc Tav Tavaeu aeuaa Lbm Lbmaa ckik ckikt`t t`tkbe kbes. s. ]fa prkla bo  lbiibe stblh purlf`sam uemar tfa Zurlf`sa Zc`e ks aqu`c tb 61 parlaet bo tfa cbwar bo tfa o`kr i`rhat v`cua bo  tfa lbiibe stblh be tfa lbiiaelaiaet m`ta bo a`lf 4=-ibetf booarken parkbm br tfa spalkokam purlf`sa m`ta. ]fa Zurlf`sa Zc`e prbvkmas obr tfa kssu`ela bo ` i`xkiui bo =1 ikcckbe sf`ras bo lbiibe stblh bo wfklf 06 ikcckbe sf`ras wara `v`kc`dca `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6. Obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, tfa stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa rac`tam tb tfa `ltkvkty uemar tfa Zurlf`sa Zc`e w`s $11 ikcckbe, $=6 ikcckbe, `em $14 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfara w`s $;> ikcckbe bo ue`ibrtkzam stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe lbst rac`tam tb tfa Zurlf`sa Zc`e wfklf wkcc da ralbnekzam bvar ` waknftam `var`na parkbm bo 0.0 ya`rs.  Axalutkva Tataetkbe Lbipaes`tkbe @nraaiaet.   Murken 4::?, tfa Lbipaes`tkbe Lbiikttaa bo tfa Db`rm (tfa

–Lbipaes`tkbe Lbiikttaa’) `pprbvam ` tfraa ya`r parobri`ela `em rataetkbe lbipaes`tkbe `rr`enaiaet wktf ]arry \aiac, tfa Lbip`ey‛s tfae Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar (–LAB’). Obr a`lf bo tfa ya`rs 4::? tb 4::6, `s tfa LAB, Ir. \aiac w`s acknkdca tb ralakva ` mkslratkbe`ry `eeu`c dbeus p`y`dca ke tfa obri bo ` ouccy vastam ebe-qu`ckokam stblh bptkbe obr up tb 0 ikcckbe sf`ras wktf `e axarlksa prkla aqu`c tb tfa lcbsken tr`mken prkla bo  tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh be tfa m`ta bo tfa nr`et. Be Guea 06, 4::>, tfa axalutkva rataetkbe `rr`enaiaet w`s tarike`tam mua tb Ir. \aiac‛s raskne`tkbe `s tfa LAB bo tfa Lbip`ey. Murken 4::>, $0? ikcckbe bo stblhd`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa ralbrmam ke 4::> uemar tfks `rr`enaiaet w`s ravarsam mua tb tfa obroakturas bo  aqukty `w`rms. Eb skikc`r `rr`enaiaet axkstam obr tfa Lbip`ey‛s obriar LAB, Garry [`en. \aa Ebta 0>” –\udsa –\u dsaqua quaet et Ava Avaets ets’’ obr `mm `mmktkb ktkbe`c e`c keo keobri bri`tk `tkbe be `db `dbut ut tfa Lbi Lbipae paes`t s`tbry bry @rr` @rr`ena enaiae iaets ts bo tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s lurraet LAB, Is. L`rbc D`rtz.

;1

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) \tblh bptkbe `ltkvkty uemar tfa Lbip`ey‛s Zc`es `em Mkraltbrs‛ Zc`e ks suii`rkzam `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems, axlapt ya`rs `em par sf`ra `ibuets)7 ^aknftam @var`na \f`ras

Butst`emken `t Malaidar <0, 4::> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bptk Bp tkbe bess `s `ssu suia iam m . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Bptk Bp tkbe bess nr` nr`et etam am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bptkbes axarlksam(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bptkbe Bpt kbess l`ela l`elacca ccam/o m/obroa broakta ktam m . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . Bptk Bp tkbe bess axpk axpkra ram m . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .

06:,<;> 40? 40 ? 6,>? 6, >?4 4 (0;, (0 ;,?? ??:) :) (0>,1: (0> ,1:0) 0) (0?, (0 ?,>> >>4) 4)

^aknftam @var`na Tai`keken Axarlksa Zrkla par Lbetr`ltu`c Ckoa @nnran`ta \f`ra (ke ya`rs) Ketrkeskl _`cua

$4;.<? $ 4. 4.=1 =1 $40. $4 0.>< >< $0=. $0 =.41 41 $4;.00 $4; .00 $<?. $< ?.;; ;;

1.:6

$=?>,?11

Butst`emken `t Malaidar <0, 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0<1,==4

$<:.0:

<.66

$ 6; 6;,?66

_astam `em axpaltam tb vast `t Malaidar <0, 4::6 (4) . . . 04;,;00

$<:.0?

<.64

$ 6>,;?6

Axarlks`dca `t Malaidar <0, 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;4,0=<

$<0.>4

<.4:

$ >: >:,1?=

(0)

]fa Lbip`ey‛s lurraet pr`ltkla ks tb kssua eaw sf`ras tb s`tksoy stblh bptkbe axarlksas.

(4)

]fa axpaltam tb vast bptkbes `ra tfa rasuct bo `ppcyken tfa pra-vastken obroaktura r`ta `ssuiptkbes tb tbt`c butst`emken bptkbes.

]fa waknftam `var`na nr`et m`ta o`kr v`cua bo bptkbes nr`etam ke tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 w`s $0:.:<, $6.1:, `em $>.?? par sf`ra, raspaltkvacy. ]fa waknftam `var`na nr`et m`ta o`kr v`cua bo bptkbes `ssuiam ke lbeealtkbe wktf `lquksktkbes ke tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 w`s $4?.== par sf`ra. ]fa `nn `nnran ran`ta `ta ket ketrke rkeskl skl v`c v`cua ua ke tfa t`d t`dca ca `db `dbva va rap rapras rasaet aetss tfa tbt tbt`c `c pra pra-t` -t`x x ket ketrkes rkeskl kl v`c v`cua ua (tfa `nn `nnran ran`ta `ta mkooaraela datwaae tfa lcbsken stblh prkla bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh be Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em tfa axarlksa prkla obr ke-tfa-ibeay bptkbes) tf`t wbucm f`va daae ralakvam dy tfa bptkbe fbcmars ko `cc ke-tfa-ibeay bptkbes f`m daae axarlksam be Malaidar <0, 4::6. ]fa tbt`c ketrkeskl v`cua bo bptkbes axarlksam ke tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 w`s $<;< ikcckbe, $<;< ikcckbe, `em $4<< ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfara w`s $<00 ikcckbe bo ue`ibrtkzam stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa rac`tam tb uevastam stblh bptkbes wfklf ks axpaltam tb da ralbnekzam bvar ` waknftam `var`na parkbm bo 4.= ya`rs. L`sf ral L`sf ralakv akvam am orbi bptkbe axarlksa axarlksass `em pur purlf` lf`sas sas bo sf` sf`ras ras uemar tfa Zur Zurlf` lf`sa sa Zc` Zc`e e obr tfa ya`r aem aemam am Malaidar <0, 4::6 w`s $<?< ikcckbe. ]fa tb ]fa tbt` t`cc t` t`x x da daea eaok oktt `t `ttr trkd kdut ut`d `dca ca tb st stbl blh h bp bptkb tkbes es ax axar arlk lksa sam m ke tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6 w` w`ss $01? ikcckbe.

;?

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa o`kr v`cua bo bptkbe nr`ets ks matarikeam usken tfa Dc`lh-\lfbcas bptkbe prklken ibmac wktf tfa obccbwken waknftam `var`na `ssuiptkbes7 \tblh Bptkbes

Zurlf`sa Zc`es(1)

[a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

Axpaltam mkvkmaem ykacm(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tksh-oraa ketarast r`ta(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Axpaltam vbc`tkckty(<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Axpaltam ckoa (ke ya`rs)(=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4::>

4::6

4::?

4::>

4::6

:.:% :.:% :.:% :.:% :.:% :.:% =.6% =.=% 4.?% =.6% =.=% 4.=% <=.0 <= .0% % <<.1 <<.1% % =>.= =>.=% % <4.6 <4.6% % <4.= <4.=% % >0.6 >0.6% % <.>1 <.?= <.;> 0.41 0.00 0.01

(0)

]fa Lbip`ey lurraetcy f`s eb fkstbry br axpalt`tkbe bo p`yken l`sf mkvkmaems be kts lbiibe stblh.

(4)

]fa rksh-oraa ketarast r`ta ks d`sam be tfa Q.\. ]ra`sury ykacm obr ` tari lbeskstaet wktf tfa axpaltam tari bo  tfa `w`rms ke aooalt `t tfa tkia bo nr`et.

(<)

]fa Lbip`ey astki`tas tfa vbc`tkckty bo kts lbiibe stblh `t tfa m`ta bo nr`et d`sam be tfa kipckam vbc`tkckty bo pudcklcy tr`mam bptkbes bptkbes be kts lbiibe stblh, wktf ` tari bo bea ya`r br nra`tar.

(=)

]fa axpaltam ckoa bo stblh bptkbes nr`etam uemar tfa Zc`es ks d`sam be fkstbrkl`c axarlksa p`ttares, wfklf tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`e y dackavas `ra rapras raprasaet`tk aet`tkva va bo outura daf`vkbr. daf`vkbr. Eaw nr`ets kssuam kssuam dy tfa Lbip`ey f`m `e axpal axpaltam tam ckoa bo <.>1 ya`rs ke 4::? `em 4::> `em = ya`rs ke 4::6. Bptkbes `ssuiam ke `lquksktkbes f`m axpaltam ckvas bo cass tf`e = ya`rs. ]fa axpaltam ckoa bo bptkbes nr`etam uemar tfa Zurlf`sa Zc`e raprasaets tfa `ibuet bo  tkia rai`keken ke tfa 4=-ibetf booarken parkbm.

(1)

@ssuiptkbes obr tfa Zurlf`sa Zc`e rac`ta tb tfa `eeu`c `var`na bo tfa aerbcciaet parkbms. Aerbcciaet ks lurraetcy parikttam ke I`y `em Ebvaidar bo a`lf ya`r.

Tastrkltam stblh `w`rms `ltkvkty obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 ks suii`rkzam `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems, axlapt par sf`ra `ibuets)7 \f`ras

^aknftam @var`na Nr`et M`ta O`kr _`cua

@w`rma @w`r mam m `e `em m ue ueva vast stam am `t Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::> :> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nr`e Nr `eta tam m . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . @sssui @s uiam am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ast _a stam am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

<:,44> <:,4 4> 0?, ?,?= ?== = ?6? ?6 ? (;,1 (; ,16? 6?))

$4;.<= $4;. <= $41. $4 1.>= >= $46. $4 6.?< ?< $4;. $4 ;.?0 ?0

Obro Ob roak akta tam/ m/l` l`el elac acca cam/ m/ax axpk pkra ram m . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . @w`r @w `rma mam m `e `em m ue ueva vast stam am `t Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(?,6 (? ,6<6 <6)) <0,0<< <0,0 <<

$4?.<6 $4?. <6 $4>. $4 >.;> ;>

Murken tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6, ;.? ikcckbe pravkbuscy nr`etam rastrkltam stblh `w`rms `em rastrkltam stblh uekts vastam. @ i`gbrkty bo tfasa vastam rastrkltam stblh `w`rms `em rastrkltam stblh uekts wara eat sf`ra sattcam. ]fa Lbip`ey wktffacm <.< ikcckbe aqukv`caet sf`ras d`sam upbe tfa Lbip`ey‛s lcbsken stblh prkla be tfa vastken m`ta tb sattca tfa aipcbyaas‛ ikekiui st`tutbry bdckn`tkbe obr tfa `ppckl`dca kelbia `em btfar aipcbyiaet t`xas. ]fa Lbip`ey tfae raikttam tfa l`sf tb tfa `pprbprk`ta t`xken `utfbrktkas. ]bt`c p`yiaets p`yiaets obr tfa aipcbyaas‛ aipcbyaas‛ t`x bdckn` bdckn`tkbes tkbes tb tfa racav`et t`xken `utfbrktkas `utfbrktkas wara $>> ikcckbe obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 `em `ra raocaltam `s ` oke`elken `ltkvkty wktfke tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo l`sf ocbws. Qpbe tfa vastken bo sf`ras bo lart`ke rastrkltam stblh `w`rms, 0.0 ikcckbe sf`ras wara ra`lqukram dy tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`e y tb s`tks s`tksoy oy tfa t`x wktffb wktffbcmken cmken bdckn`tkbes bdckn`tkbes `em $4> ikcckbe w`s ralbrm ralbrmam am `s tra`s tra`sury ury stblh. Z`yiaets bo  $1: ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa eat sf`ra sattcaiaet bo 4.4 ikcckbe sf`ras bo rastrkltam stblh uekts f`m tfa aooalt bo  sf`ra rapurlf`sas dy tfa Lbip`ey `s tfay ramulam tfa euidar bo sf`ras tf`t wbucm f`va btfarwksa daae kssuam be tfa vast m`ta `em wara ralbrmam `s ` ramultkbe bo `mmktkbe`c p`km-ke-l`pkt`c.

;>

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfara w`s $<14 ikcckbe bo ue`ibrtkzam stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe lbst rac`tam tb uevastam rastrkltam stblh `w`rms wfklf ks axpaltam tb da ralbnekzam bvar ` waknftam `var`na parkbm bo 4.= ya`rs. ]fa tbt`c o`kr v`cua bo rastrkltam stblh `w`rms vastam murken tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 w`s $0: ikcckbe, $4> ikcckbe, `em $<:0 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy. Ke tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6,, tf tfaa Lb Lbip ip`e `ey y ra rava vars rsam am `e `i `ibu buet et bo $1 $10 0 ikc ikcck ckbe be bo st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa rac`tam tb uevastam stblh `w`rms `s ` rasuct bo `e kelra`sa ke kts astki`tam obroaktura r`ta `ssuiptkbe d`sam be upm`tam keobri`tkbe be `ltu`c obroakturas. Ke 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, $1;> ikcckbe, $<1 ikcckbe, `em $041 ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, bo axlass t`x daeaokts orbi stblh-d`sam `w`rms obr bptkbes axarlksam ke lurraet `em prkbr parkbms wara kelcumam `s ` sburla bo l`sf ocbws orbi oke`elken `ltkvktkas. ]fasa axlass t`x daeaokts raprasaet tfa ramultkbe ke kelbia t`xas btfarwksa p`y`dca murken tfa parkbm, `ttrkdut`dca tb tfa `ltu`c nrbss t`x daeaokts ke axlass bo tfa axpaltam t`x daeaokts obr bptkbes axarlksam ke lurraet `em prkbr parkbms. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s `lluiuc`tam axlass t`x mamultkbes rac`tken tb stblh  bptkbes axarlksam prkbr tb G`eu`ry 0, 4::? `v`kc`dca tb ramula kelbia t`xas btfarwksa p`y`dca. ]b tfa axtaet sulf mamultkbes ramula kelbia t`xas p`y`dca ke tfa lurraet ya`r, tfay `ra rapbrtam `s oke`elken `ltkvktkas ke tfa lbesbckm`tam st`taiaets bo l`sf ocbws. Murken 4::>, tfa Lbip`ey matarikeam tf`t kelbia t`x daeaokts bo $04> ikcckbe ($;4 ikcckbe rac`tam tb 4::? `em tfa rai`kemar rac`tam tb a`rckar ya`rs) sfbucm ebt f`va daae ralbrmam tb `mmktkbe`c p`km-ke l`pkt`c `s t`x daeaokts orbi stblh-d`sam `w`rms dal`usa obr oke`elk`c st`taiaet brmarken purpbsas, tfa t`x daeaokts sfbucm f`va daae `ttrkdutam tb tfa utkckz`tkbe bo `lqukram eat bpar`tken cbssas okrst br sfbucm ebt f`va daae ralbnekzam `t `cc dal`usa tfa uemarcyken t`x `ibuets sfbucm ebt f`va daae boosat dy t`x daeaokts orbi stblh-d`sam `w`rms. @s ` rasuct, ke tfa 4::> st`taiaet bo l`sf ocbws, tfa Lbip`ey ramulam dy $;4 ikcckbe, axlass t`x daeaokts orbi stblh-d`sam `w`rms ralbrmam ralbrmam ke l`sf ocbws orbi bpar` bpar`tken tken `ltkvktkas `ltkvktkas wktf `e aqukv` aqukv`caet caet ramultkbe ramultkbe tb tfa `ibuet bo axlass t`x daeaokts ralbrmam ke l`sf ocbws orbi oke`elken `ltkvktkas. ]fks ralc`sskokl`tkbe f`m eb kip`lt be bvar`cc l`sf ocbws. ]fa `ibuets tf`t kip`ltam kelbia t`x axpaesa `em a`rekens ke aqukty ketarasts `csb kelra`sam mkcutam a`re a` reke kens ns pa parr sf sf`r `raa dy $: $:.: .:0 0 ob obrr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::> :>.. ]f ]faa Lb Lbip ip`e `ey y da dacka ckava vass tf tf`t `t tf tfaa `obraiaetkbeam `ibuets `ra ebt i`tark`c tb rapbrtam `ibuets obr 4::>, 4::?, br a`rckar ya`rs `em tfaraobra tfa Lbip`ey f`s lbrraltam tfai ke tfa 4::> lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. Lf`ena ke Lbetr Lbetrbc bc \avar`ela Zc`es .  Be Oadru` Oadru`ry ry 04, 4::6, tfa Lbipa Lbipaes`tkb es`tkbe e Lbiikt Lbiikttaa taa `pprbvam twb lf`ena

ke lbetrb lbetrbcc savar savar`ela `ela pc`es (tfa –\avar –\avar`ela `ela Zc`es’) tf`t, tbnatfar, lbvar `cc oucc-tk oucc-tkia ia aipcb aipcbyaas yaas bo tfa Lbip`ey, kelcumken tfa Lbip`ey‛s Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar, Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar, `em tfa axalutkva booklars lurraetcy aipcbyam dy tfa Lbip`ey. ]fa \avar`ela Zc`es `ra maskneam tb facp rat`ke tfa aipcbyaas, facp i`ket`ke ` st`dca wbrh aevkrbeiaet, aevkrbeiaet, `em prbvkm prbvkmaa lart` lart`ke ke albeb albebikl ikl daeaokts tb tfa aipcbyaas ke tfa avaet tfakr aipcbyiaet aipcbyiaet ks tar tarike ike`ta `tam m obc obccbw cbwken ken ` lf` lf`ena ena ke lbe lbetrb trbcc bo tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey. y. Dae Daeaok aokts ts uem uemar ar tfa \av \avar` ar`ela ela Zc` Zc`es es nae naear` ar`ccy ccy kelcuma (0) lbetkeu`tkbe bo tfa aipcbyaa‛s `eeu`c d`sa s`c`ry, `s savar`ela p`y obr ` maskne`tam euidar bo  ibetfs obccbwken tfa aipcbyaa‛s savar`ela m`ta8 (4) rakidursaiaet obr butpc`laiaet sarvklas8 (<) lbetkeuam iamkl` iam kl`cc nrb nrbup up fa` fa`ctf ctf `em mae maet`c t`c pc` pc`e e lbv lbvar` ar`na na obr tfa par parkbm kbm tfa aipcbyaa aipcbyaa ral ralakv akvas as sav savar` ar`ela ela p`y p`y88 `em (=) `llacar`tam vastken bo `cc stblh bptkbes, rastrkltam stblh uekts, `em `ey btfar aqukty-d`sam `w`rms pravkbuscy nr`etam br `ssuiam dy tfa Lbip`ey `em butst`emken `s bo tfa savar`ela m`ta. Be Mal Malaid aidar ar 0:, 4:: 4::6, 6, `s p`r p`rtt bo ` stk stkpuc puc`tk `tkbe be `em `nr `nraai aaiaet aet bo sat sattca tcaiae iaett (tfa –\attcaia –\attcaiaet et @nr @nraai aaiaet aet’) ’) aetaram ketb wktf tfa pc`ketkoos ke tfa  Ke ra [`fbb! \f`rafbcmars Cktkn`tkbe  paemken daobra tfa Mac`w`ra Lburt bo  Lf`ela Lf` elary ry (tf (tfaa –Ma –Mac`w c`w`ra `ra Lbu Lburt’ rt’), ), tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y `ia `iaema emam m kts lf` lf`ena ena ke lbe lbetrbc trbc sav savar` ar`ela ela pc` pc`es es brk brknke nke`cc `ccy y `pprbvam be Oadru`ry 04,Zc`es’). 4::6 (tfa –Brknke`c \avar`ela Zc`es’ `em tfa Brknke`c \avar`ela Zc`es, `s `iaemam, tfa –@iaemam \avar`ela

;6

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa @iaemam @iaemam \av \avar` ar`ela ela Zc` Zc`es es i`m i`maa tfa obc obccbw cbwken ken lf` lf`ena enas, s, `ib `iben en btf btfars ars,, tb tfa taris bo tfa Brk Brknke nke`c `c \avar`ela Zc`es7 0) ]fa parkbm murken wfk wfklf lf tfa tar tarike ike`tk `tkbe be bo `e ack acknkd nkdca ca aip aipcby cbyaa aa wbu wbucm cm trkn trknnar nar ack acknkdk nkdkckt ckty y obr sav savar` ar`ela ela daeaokts daeaok ts w`s malra`sa malra`sam m orbi twb ya` ya`rs rs obc obccbw cbwken ken ` –Lf –Lf`en `enaa ke Lbe Lbetrb trbc’ c’ (`s mao maokea keam m ke tfa `pp `ppckl ckl`dc `dcaa @iaemam \avar`ela Zc`e) tb bea ya`r. 4) ]fa lkrluist`ela lkrluist`elass parikttken `e acknkdca aipcbyaa aipcbyaa tb tarike`ta aipcbyiaet aipcbyiaet obr –Nbbm Ta`sbe’ (`s maokeam maokeam ke tfa `ppckl`dca @iaemam \avar`ela Zc`e) obccbwken ` Lf`ena ke Lbetrbc wara `iaemam. <) ]fa Db`rm Db`rm ke pc`la prkbr tb ` Lf` Lf`ena ena ke Lbe Lbetrbc trbc ks nkv nkvae ae tfa `dk `dkckty ckty,, sud sudgal galtt tb lart`ke lart`ke ckik ckikt`t t`tkbe kbes, s, tb tarike`ta br `iaem tfa @iaemam \avar`ela Zc`es murken ` Zbtaetk`c Lf`ena ke Lbetrbc Zarkbm (`s maokeam ke tfa `ppckl`dca @iaemam \avar`ela Zc`e) `s p`rt bo `ey Db`rm `pprbvam tr`es`ltkbe tf`t wbucm lbestktuta ` Lf`ena ke Lbetrbc. =) @ey mksputa mksputa dat datwaa waae e `e aipcbyaa aipcbyaa `em tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey lbelareke lbelareken n `e `ppckl`tk `ppckl`tkbe be obr daeaokts daeaokts d`sam d`sam upb upbe e ` lc`kia lc` kiam m i`t i`tark ark`c `c mki mkikeu keutkbe tkbe ke tfa aip aipcby cbyaa‛ aa‛ss mut mutkas kas `em ras raspbe pbeskd skdkck kcktka tkass wkc wkccc da sud sudgal galtt tb dke dkemke mken n `rdktr`tkbe. 1) Eaktfa Eaktfarr tfa acaltkbe bo ` eaw Db`rm tf`t ks i`ma up bo ` i`gbrkty i`gbrkty bo iaidars wfb wara ebt iaidars iaidars bo tfa Db`rm prkbr tb tfa acaltkbe ebr ` s`ca bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s sa`rlf duskeass wbucm lbestktuta ` Lf`ena ke Lbetrbc. Lart`ke lf`enas `ra ebt `ppckl`dca tb aipcbyaas ke lart`ke gurksmkltkbes butskma tfa Q.\. wfara lbuetry-spalkokl sud-pc`es wara `mbptam ke `llbrm`ela wktf `ppckl`dca c`w. ]fa @iaemam \avar`ela Zc`es dal`ia aooaltkva upbe axalutkbe bo tfa \attcaiaet @nraaiaet, dut axpkra ke ;: m`ys ko tfa Mac`w`ra Lburt mbas ebt oke`ccy `pprbva tfa \attcaiaet @nraaiaet uecass tfa Db`rm mkralts btfarw btf arwksa ksa.. Ko tfa oke` oke`cc `pp `pprbv rbv`c `c ks bva bvartur rtuream eam be `pp `ppa`c a`c `em tfa \at \attca tcaiae iaett @nr @nraai aaiaet aet ks tar tarike ike`ta `tam, m, tfa `iaemiaets `ra vbkm uecass tfa Db`rm mkralts btfarwksa.

Ebta 0<

LBIIK]IAE]\ @EM LBE]KENAELKA\

Lbip`e p`ey y ca` ca`sas sas book bookla la sp` sp`la la `em m`t m`t`` lae laetar tarss uem uemar ar bpa bpar`t r`tken ken `em l`p l`pkt` kt`cc ca` ca`sa sa  Ca`sa Lbiiktiaets.   ]fa Lbi `nraaiaets wktf brknke`c ca`sa parkbms up tb 4< ya`rs wfklf axpkra datwaae 4::; `em 4:4>. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s aetaram ketb tfa obccbwken i`tark`c i`tark`c ca`sa `nraaiaets `nraaiaets wktf ikekiui ca`sa lbiiktiaets ke tfa tfraa ya`r parkbm aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6. • Ke 4::?, tfa Lbip`ey aetaram aetaram ketb `e 00 ya`r bpar`tken ca`sa ca`sa `nraaiaet `nraaiaet obr ` m`t` laetar laetar ke tfa a`stare Q.\. wktf ` tbt`c axpaltam ikekiui ca`sa lbiiktiaet bo $0;0 ikcckbe. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey f`m tbt`c axpaltam `em rai`keken ikekiui ca`sa lbiiktiaets bo `pprbxki`tacy $06: ikcckbe bvar tfa ca`sa tari. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s tfa bptkbe tb raeaw tfks ca`sa obr `e `mmktkbe`c okva ya`rs `em `csb f`s ` rknft bo  axp`eskbe obr `ey `mmktkbe`c ca`sa sp`la tf`t dalbias `v`kc`dca. • Ke 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`ey aetaram aetaram ketb `e 00 ya`r ca`sa ca`sa `nr `nraai aaiaet aet obr ` m`t m`t`` laetar laetar ke tfa wastare wastare Q.\. ^ktf ` tbt`c axpaltam ikekiui ca`sa lbiiktiaet bo $0:1 ikcckbe, $40 ikcckbe ks lc`sskokam `s `e bpar`tken ca`sa obr ra`c ast`ta `em $6= ikcckbe ks lc`sskokam `s ` l`pkt`c ca`sa obr aqukpiaet. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey Lbip`e y f`m tbt`c axpal axpaltam tam `em rai`ke rai`keken ken ikekiui ca`sa lbiiktiaets lbiiktiaets bo `pprbx `pprbxki`ta ki`tacy cy $0:4 ikcckbe bvar tfa ca`sa tari. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s tfa bptkbe tb raeaw tfks ca`sa obr up tb `e `mmktk `mmktkbe`c be`c tae ya`rs. Taet axpaesa obr `cc bpar`tken ca`sas w`s `pprbxki`tacy $>< ikcckbe, $66 ikcckbe, `em $0:< ikcckbe obr 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspaltkvacy.

;;

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) I`ey bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s ca`sas lbet`ke bea br ibra bo tfa obccbwken bptkbes wfklf tfa Lbip`ey l`e axarlksa `t tfa aem bo tfa kektk`c ca`sa tari7 (`) raeaw`c bo tfa ca`sa obr ` maokeam euidar bo ya`rs `t tfa tfae o`kr i`rhat raet`c r`ta br `t ` scknft mkslbuet tb tfa o`kr i`rhat raet`c r`ta8 (d) purlf`sa bo tfa prbparty `t tfa tfae o`kr i`rhat v`cua8 br (l) rknft bo okrst booar tb ca`sa `mmktkbe`c sp`la tf`t dalbias `v`kc`dca. Nrbss `em eat ca`sa lbiiktiaets `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6 l`e da suii`rkzam `s obccbws (ke ikcckbes)7 Nrbss Bpar`tken Ca`sa Lbiiktiaets

\udca`sa Kelbia

Eat Bpar`tken Ca`sa Lbiiktiaets

[a`rs aemken Malaidar <0, 4::; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:0: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:0< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mua `otar 1 ya`rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0=; 046 0:> ;= 6= 4;;

$ (<) (4) (4) (0) ” ”

$0=? 04? 0:1 ;< 6= 4;;

]bt`c nrbss `em eat ca`sa lbiiktiaets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$6?0

$ (6)

$61< L`pkt`c Ca`sa Lbiiktiaet

[a`rs aemken Malaidar <0, 4::; 4: :; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:0: 4: 0: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:00 4: 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:04 4: 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:0< 4: 0< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muaa `ota Mu `otarr 1 ya` ya`rs rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ > > > > 6 =?

Nrbs Nr bsss ca`s ca`saa lbii lbiikt ktia iaet et . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 64

Cass Ca ss77 keta ketara rast st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eat ca` ca`sa sa lbii lbiikti ktiaet aet kelc kelcuma umam m ke l`p l`pkt` kt`cc ca`sa ca`sa `em btf btfar ar cbencben-tar tari i ck`dkc ck`dkcktk ktkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(<;) (< ;) $ =<

 @ookck`ta Lbiiktiaets. Ke lbeealtkbe wktf lbetr`lts tb prbvkma `mvartksken sarvklas tb @ookck`tas, tfa Lbip`ey ks

bdckn`t bdckn `tam am tb i` i`ha ha p` p`yi yiae aets ts,, wf wfkl klf f ra rapra prasa saet et ]@ ]@L, L, tb kt ktss @o @ookc okck` k`ta tas. s. @s bo Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6,, tf tfas asaa lbiiktiaets tbt`cam $<?: ikcckbe, bo wfklf $0=4 ikcckbe wkcc da p`y`dca ke 4::;, $01> ikcckbe wkcc da p`y`dca ke 4:0:, `em $?0 ikcckb ikcckbe e wkcc da p`y`dca ke 4:00.

 Ebe-l`elac`dca Bdckn`tkbes.   ]fa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y ks bdc bdckn` kn`tam tam tb i`h i`haa p`y p`yiae iaets ts uem uemar ar v`r v`rkbu kbuss ebe ebe-l` -l`ela elac`d c`dca ca

`rr`enaiaets wktf vaembrs `em btfar duskeass p`rtears, prkelkp`ccy obr i`rhatken, d`emwkmtf, lb-cbl`tkbe, `em lbetaet `rr`enaiaets. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfasa lbiiktiaets tbt`cam $0>6 ikcckbe, bo wfklf $;4 ikcckbe wkcc da p`y`dca ke 4::;, $=< ikcckbe wkcc da p`y`dca ke 4:0:, $4= ikcckbe wkcc da p`y`dca ke 4:00, $; ikcckbe wkcc da p`y`dca ke 4:04, $? ikcckbe wkcc da p`y`dca ke 4:0<, `em $= ikcckbe tfara`otar.  Ketaccaltu`c Zrbparty Tknfts.   ]fa Lbip`ey ks lbiikttam tb i`ha lart`ke p`yiaets uemar v`rkbus ketaccaltu`c

prbparty `rr`enaiaets bo up tb $14 ikcckbe tfrbunf 4:4<. Btfar Lbiiktiaets.  Ke tfa brmke`ry lbursa bo duskeass, tfa Lbip`ey i`y prbvkma kemaiekokl`tkbes bo v`ryken

slbpa `em taris tb lustbiars, vaembrs, cassbrs, gbket vaeturas `em duskeass p`rtears, purlf`sars bo `ssats br

0::

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) sudskmk`rkas `em btfar p`rtkas wktf raspalt tb lart`ke i`ttars, kelcumken, dut ebt ckiktam tb, cbssas `rksken but bo  tfa Lbip`ey‛s dra`lf bo `nraaiaets br raprasaet`tkbes `em w`rr`etkas i`ma dy tfa Lbip`ey, sarvklas tb da prbvkmam dy tfa Lbip`ey, ketaccaltu`c prbparty keorkenaiaet lc`kis i`ma dy tfkrm p`rtkas br, wktf raspalt tb tfa s`ca bo `ssats br ` sudskmk`ry, i`ttars rac`tam tb tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbemult bo tfa duskeass `em t`x i`ttars prkbr tb tfa s`ca. Ke `mmktkbe, tfa Lbip`ey f`s aetaram ketb kemaiekokl`tkbe `nraaiaets wktf kts mkraltbrs `em lart`ke bo  kts booklars tf`t wkcc raqukra tfa Lbip`ey, `iben btfar tfkens, tb kemaiekoy tfai `n`kest lart`ke ck`dkcktkas tf`t i`y `rksa dy ra`sbe bo tfakr st`tus br sarvkla `s mkraltbrs br booklars. ]fa Lbip`ey f`s `csb `nraam tb kemaiekoy lart`ke obriar booklars, mkraltbrs, `em aipcbyaas bo `lqukram lbip`ekas ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa `lquksktkbe bo  sulf lbip`ekas. lbip`ekas. ]fa Lbip`ey i`ket`kes mkraltbr mkraltbr `em booklar kesur`ela, wfklf i`y lbvar lart`ke ck`dkcktkas ck`dkcktkas `rksken orbi kts bdckn`tkbe tb kemaiekoy kts mkraltbrs `em booklars, `em obriar mkraltbrs `em booklars bo `lqukram lbip`ekas, ke lart`ke lkrluist`elas. Kt ks ebt pbsskdca tb matarikea tfa `nnran`ta i`xkiui pbtaetk`c cbss uemar tfasa kemaiekokl`tkbe `nraaiaets mua tb tfa ckiktam fkstbry bo prkbr kemaiekokl`tkbe lc`kis `em tfa uekqua o`lts `em lkrluist`elas kevbcvam ke a`lf p`rtkluc`r `nraaiaet. \ulf kemaiekokl`tkbe `nraaiaets i`y ebt da sudgalt tb i`xkiui i`xkiu i cbss lc`usas. lc`usas. Fkstb Fkstbrkl`cc rkl`ccy, y, tfa Lbip`ey f`s ebt kelurram i`tark`c lbsts `s ` rasuct bo bdckn` bdckn`tkbes tkbes uemar tfasa tfa sa `nr `nraai aaiaet aetss `em kt f`s ebt `ll `llrua ruam m `ey ck` ck`dkck dkcktka tkass rac rac`ta `tam m tb sul sulf f kem kemaie aiekok kokl`t l`tkbe kbe bdc bdckn` kn`tkb tkbes es ke kts lbesbckm`tam oke`elk`c st`taiaets. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip`ey mkm ebt f`va `ey rac`tkbesfkps wktf uelbesbckm`tam aetktkas br oke`elk`c p`rtearsfkps, sulf `s aetktkas botae raoarram tb `s strulturam oke`ela br spalk`c purpbsa aetktkas, wfklf wbucm f`va daae ast`dcksfam obr tfa purpbsa bo o`lkckt`tken boo-d`c`ela sfaat `rr`enaiaets br btfar lbetr`ltu`ccy e`rrbw br ckiktam purpbsas. @s sulf, tfa Lbip`ey ks ebt axpbsam tb `ey oke`elken, ckqukmkty, i`rhat, br lramkt rksh tf`t lbucm `rksa ko tfa Lbip`ey f`m aen`nam ke sulf rac`tkbesfkps. Ke `mmktkbe, tfa Lbip`ey kmaetkokam eb v`rk`dca ketarasts lurraetcy facm ke aetktkas obr wfklf kt ks tfa prki`ry daeaoklk`ry. Lbetkenaelkas.  Lurraetcy, tfa Lbip`ey ks aen`nam ke c`wsukts ran`rmken p`taet kssuas `em f`s daae ebtkokam bo 

btfar pbtaetk`c p`taet mksputas. Ke `mmktkbe, orbi tkia tb tkia, tfa Lbip`ey ks sudgalt tb btfar can`c prblaamkens `em lc` lc`kis kis ke tfa brm brmke` ke`ry ry lbu lbursa rsa bo dus duskea keass, ss, kel kelcum cumken ken lc` lc`kis kis bo `cc `ccana anam m keor keorken kenaia aiaet et bo tr`m tr`mai` ai`rhs rhs,, lbpyrknfts, tr`ma salrats, `em btfar ketaccaltu`c prbparty rknfts, lc`kis rac`tam tb aipcbyiaet i`ttars, `em ` v`rkaty bo btfar lc`kis, kelcumken lc`kis `ccanken mao`i`tkbe, kev`skbe bo prkv`ly, br skikc`r lc`kis `rksken ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa Lbip`ey‛s a-i`kc, iass`na db`rms, pfbtb `em vkmab sktas, `ultkbe sktas, sfbppken sarvklas, `em btfar lbiiuekl`tkbes `em lbiiuekty oa`turas. Be I`y 4=, 4::0, @rkst` Talbrms, Kel., D`m Dby Talbrms, DIN Iuskl m/d/` ]fa TL@ Talbrms C`dac (–DIN’), L`pktbc Talbrms, Kel., _krnke Talbrms @iarkl`, Kel., \bey Iuskl Aetart`keiaet, Kel., QIN Talbrmkens, Kel., Ketarslbpa Ketars lbpa Talbrms, Ibtbwe Talbrm Lbip`ey, C.Z., `em Wbid` Talbr Talbrmken mken Lbrpbr`tkbe Lbrpbr`tkbe okcam ` c`wsu c`wsukt kt `ccank `ccanken en lbpyrknft keorkenaiaet `n`kest C@QELF Iamk`, Kel. (–C@QELF’) ke tfa Q.\. Mkstrklt Lburt obr tfa \butfare Mkstrklt Mkstrk lt bo Eaw [brh saahk saahken en malc` malc`r`tbry r`tbry `em keguel kegueltkva tkva rackao `em m`i`n m`i`nas. as. ]fa pc`ket pc`ketkoos koos `ccanam, `iben btfar tfkens, tf`t tfa lbesuiar-keocuaelam pbrtkbe bo C@QELF‛s C@QELFl`st sarvkla ks –ketar`ltkva’ wktfke tfa ia`eken bo \altkbe 00= bo tfa Lbpyrknft @lt `em tfaraobra mbas ebt qu`ckoy obr tfa lbipucsbry cklaesa prbvkmam obr dy tfa Lbpyrknft @lt. [`fbb! `lqukram C@QELF ke @unust 4::0. ]fks c`wsukt w`s sattcam wktf `cc pc`ketkoos, btfar tf`e DIN. Be @prkc 4>, 4::>, `otar ` twb waah gury trk`c, tfa gury ratuream ` ue`ekibus varmklt ke o`vbr bo  C@QELF okemken eb ck`dkckty. DIN f`s okcam ` ebtkla bo `ppa`c tb tfa Q.\. Lburt bo @ppa`cs obr tfa \albem Lkrlukt `em tfa br`c `rnuiaet ks slfamucam tb da fa`rm be I`rlf 0>, 4::;. Be Gucy 04, 4::0, tfa okrst bo savar`c purpbrtam salurktkas lc`ss `ltkbe c`wsukts w`s okcam ke tfa Q.\. Mkstrklt Lburt obr tfa \bu \butfa tfare re Mks Mkstrkl trkltt bo Eaw [br [brh h `n` `n`kes kestt lar lart`k t`ke e uem uemarw arwrkta rktars rs kevb kevbcva cvam m ke Bva Bvartu rtura ra \ar \arvkl vklas as Kel Kel.‛s .‛s (–Bvartura’) KZB, Bvartura, `em lart`ke bo Bvartura‛s obriar booklars `em mkraltbrs. ]fa Lburt lbesbckm`tam tfa l`sas `n`kest Bvartura. Zc`ketkoos `ccana, `iben btfar tfkens, vkbc`tkbes bo tfa \alurktkas @lt bo 0;<< `em tfa \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt bo 0;<= (tfa –Axlf`ena @lt’) kevbcvken uemkslcbsam lbipaes`tkbe tb tfa uemarwrktars,

0:0

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) `em kiprbpar pr`ltklas dy tfa uemarwrktars, `em saah uespalkokam m`i`nas. \kikc`r lbipc`kets wara okcam ke tfa s`ia lburt `n`ke `n`kest st euiarb euiarbus us pudckl lbip`e lbip`ekas kas tf`t lbemul lbemultam tam KZBs bo tfakr lbiib lbiibe e stblh skela tfa ikm-0;; ikm-0;;:s. :s. @cc bo tfasa c`wsukts wara lbesbckm`tam obr pratrk`c purpbsas daobra Gumna \fkr` \lfakemcke. Be Gucy 01, 4::4, tfa kssuar kss uarss okc okcam am `e bie biekdu kduss ibt ibtkbe kbe tb mks mksiks iksss obr o`k o`kcur curaa tb lbi lbipcy pcy wkt wktf f `pp `ppckl ckl`dc `dcaa pca pca`mk `mken en st` st`em` em`rms rms.. Be Bltbdar 6, 4::4, tfa Lburt aetaram `e Brmar bo Mksikss`c `s tb `cc bo tfa kemkvkmu`c maoaem`ets ke tfa Bvartura KZB cktkn`tkbe, wktfbut pragumkla. Be Oadru`ry 0;, 4::<, tfa Lburt maekam tfa ibtkbe tb mksikss tfa lc`kis `n`kes `n` kestt lar lart`k t`ke e mao maoaem aem`et `ets, s, kel kelcum cumken ken Bva Bvartur rtura. a. Dat Datwaa waae e Gue Gueaa 4:: 4::= = `em Gue Gueaa 4:: 4::>, >, pc` pc`ket ketkoos koos `em kss kssuar uar maoaem`ets, kelcumken Bvartura, ra`lfam ` sattcaiaet, dut mua tb lart`ke lbemktkbes ebt daken iat tfa sattcaiaet mkm ebt ralakva lburt `pprbv`c. Be I`rlf 4?, 4::6, tfa mkstrklt lburt maekam maoaem`ets‛ ibtkbes tb mksikss axlapt `s tb \altkbe 00 lc`kis r`ksam dy sbia pc`ketkoos wfb sbcm tfakr salurktkas obr ` prkla ke axlass bo tfa kektk`cc booark kektk` booarken en prkla `em tfbsa wfb purlf` purlf`sam sam butskma tfa pravkbuscy pravkbuscy lartko lartkokam kam lc`ss parkbm. Kektk`c drkaoken be tfa lc`ss lc` ss lar lartkok tkokl`t l`tkbe kbe ibt ibtkbe kbe w`s lbi lbipca pcatam tam ke @pr @prkc kc 4:: 4::6. 6. ]fa pc` pc`ketk ketkoos oos‛‛ lc` lc`ss ss lar lartkok tkokl`t l`tkbe kbe ibt ibtkbe kbe tfa tfae e w`s wktfmr`we wktfbut pragumkla be Bltbdar 0:, 4::6. ]fa Lbip`ey ketaems tb maoaem tfa l`sa vknbrbuscy. Ke I`y 4::>, twb purpbrtam lc`ss `ltkbes wara lbiiaelam dy pc`ketkoos Accae Drbmshy `em I`eoram F`lhar, `ssartken lc`kis `rksken uemar tfa oamar`c salurktkas c`ws `n`kest tfa Lbip`ey `em lart`ke kemkvkmu`c maoaem`ets. ]fasa `ltkbes wara brmaram lbesbckm`tam ke tfa Q.\. Mkstrklt Lburt obr tfa Laetr`c Mkstrklt bo L`ckobrek` `em, be Malai Mal aida darr 40 40,, 4: 4::>, :>, ` Lb Lbes esbck bckm`t m`tam am @ia @iaem emam am Lb Lbip ipc`k c`ket et w` w`ss okc okcam am `n `n`ke `kest st [` [`fbb fbb!! `e `em m la lart` rt`ke ke ke kemkv mkvkmu kmu`c `c maoaem`ets, kelcumken lurraet `em obriar booklars `em ` obriar mkraltbr `em booklar. Zc`ketkoos purpbrt tb raprasaet ` lc`ss bo parsbes wfb purlf`sam tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh datwaae @prkc 6, 4::= `em Gucy 06, 4::?. Zc`ketkoos `ccana tf`t maoaem`ets aen`nam ke ` slfaia tb keoc`ta tfa Lbip`ey‛s stblh prkla dy i`hken o`csa `em iksca`mken st`taiae st`t aiaets ts ran` ran`rmke rmken n tfa Lbi Lbip`ey p`ey‛s ‛s bpa bpar`tk r`tkbes bes,, oke` oke`elk elk`c `c ras rasucts ucts,, `em outu outura ra dusk duskeas easss prbs prbspalt paltss ke vkbc vkbc`tkb `tkbe e bo  \altkbe \alt kbe 0:(d 0:(d)) bo tfa Axl Axlf`en f`enaa @lt `em \AL Tuca 0:d 0:d-1. -1. Zc`k Zc`ketko etkoos os `cs `csb b `cca `ccana na tf` tf`tt tfa kem kemkvkm kvkmu`c u`c maoaem`ets maoaem`ets aen`nam ke keskmar tr`mken ke vkbc`tkbe bo \altkbe 4:(@) bo tfa Axlf`ena @lt, `em `s lbetrbc parsbes `ra sudgalt tb ck`dkckt ck`d kckty y uema uemarr \al \altkbe tkbe 4:(@ 4:(@)) bo tfa Axl Axlf`e f`ena na @lt. Zc`k Zc`ketko etkoos os saa saah h lbi lbipaes paes`tb `tbry ry m`i` m`i`nas nas,, kegu kegueltk eltkva va rack rackao, ao, mksnbrnaiaet bo `ccanam keskmar tr`mken prblaams, `em btfar aqukt`dca rackao. Be I`rlf 0:, 4::6, tfa Lburt nr`etam maoaem`ets‛ ibtkbe tb tr`esoar tfa `ltkbe tb tfa Q.\. Mkstrklt Lburt obr tfa Ebrtfare Mkstrklt bo L`ckobrek`. Be Bltbdar >, 4::6, tfa Lburt nr`etam maoaem`ets‛ ibtkbe tb mksikss tfa Lbesbckm`tam @iaemam Lbipc`ket wktf ca`va tb `iaem. Zc`ketkoos okcam tfakr \albem @iaemam Lbesbckm`tam Lbipc`ket be Malaidar 0;, 4::6. Be Oadru`ry 4, 4::;, maoaem`ets okcam ` ibtkbe tb mksikss, wfklf ks slfamucam obr fa`rken be @prkc 4<, 4::;. Be I`y 01, 4::>, ` stblhfbcmar markv`tkva lbipc`ket w`s okcam ke tfa L`ckobrek` \uparkbr Lburt, \`et` Lc`r` Lbuety, dy Nran Drblhwacc `n`kest iaidars bo tfa Db`rm `em sacaltam booklars `ccanken dra`lfas bo okmulk`ry mutkas `em lbrpbr`ta w`sta skikc`r tb tfa `ccan`tkbes ke tfa Drbmshy/F`lhar lc`ss `ltkbe cktkn`tkbe. ]fa Drblhwacc `ltkbe w`s vbcuet`rkcy mksikssam wktf pragumkla `s tb pc`ketkoo `em wktfbut pragumkla `s tb [`fbb! stblhfbcmars `em tfa Lbip`ey, markv`tkvacy, be Oadru`ry <, 4::;. Be Guea 0=, 4::>, ` salbem stblhfbcmar markv`tkva `ltkbe w`s okcam ke tfa Q.\. Mkstrklt Lburt obr tfa Laetr`c Mkstrklt bo L`ckobrek` dy Gkcc ^`thkes `n`kest iaidars bo tfa Db`rm `em sacaltam booklars. ]fa lbipc`ket okcam dy Zc`ketkoo ^`thkes ks sudst`etk`ccy skikc`r tb tfa lbipc`ket okcam dy Zc`ketkoo Drblhwacc, wktf tfa `mmktkbe bo ` lc`ki obr rackao obr `ccanam vkbc`tkbe bo \altkbe 0:(d) bo tfa Axlf`ena @lt, `em ^`thkes `nraam tb lbbrmke`ta far `ltkbe `lt kbe wkt wktf f tfa oamar`c oamar`c lc` lc`ss ss `lt `ltkbe kbe ckt cktkn` kn`tkb tkbe. e. Be @pr @prkc kc 4;, 4::6, tfa oamar`c oamar`c lbu lburt rt ke Cbs @enacas @enacas nr` nr`eta etam m maoaem mao aem`et `ets‛ s‛ ibt ibtkbe kbe tb tr` tr`eso esoar ar tfa ^`thkes ^`thkes `lt `ltkbe kbe tb tfa Q.\. Mks Mkstrk trklt lt Lbu Lburt rt obr tfa Ebrtfare Ebrtfare Mks Mkstrkl trkltt bo  L`ckobrek`, `em malckeam tb malkma tfa Zc`ketkoo‛s ibtkbe tb `iaem tfa lbipc`ket. Be G`eu`ry 04, 4::;, ^`thkes okcam ` eaw ibtkbe obr ca`va tb okca `e `iaemam lbipc`ket saahken tb sudstktuta ` eaw pc`ketkoo, saahken tb `mm ` markv`tkva lc`ki `ccanken vkbc`tkbes bo \altkbe 4:@ bo tfa Axlf`ena @lt, saahken tb `mm ` lc`ss lc`ki obr `ccanam vkbc`tkbes bo \altkbe 0=(`) bo tfa Axlf`ena @lt, saahken tb `mm ` lc`ss lc`ki obr `ccanam dra`lf bo okmulk`ry muty, `em saahken tb `ccana lc`kis rac`tken tb Iklrbsbot‛s uesbcklktam prbpbs`c tb `lqukra [`fbb! Kel. be Oadru`ry 0, 4::6.

0:4

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) \kela Oadru`ry 0, 4::6, okva sap`r`ta stblhfbcmar c`wsukts wara okcam ke tfa L`ckobrek` \uparkbr Lburt, \`et` Lc`r` Lbuety, `n`kest [`fbb! Kel., iaidars bo tfa Db`rm `em sacaltam obriar booklars dy pc`ketkoos Amw`rm Orktslfa, tfa ]fbi`s \tbea ]rust, ]bi ]urdarn, Lbenran`tkbe Datf @`rbe, `em tfa Cbuksk`e` Iueklkp`c Zbckla Aipcby Aip cbyaas aas‛‛ Tat Tatkra kraiae iaett \ys \ystai tai (lb (lbcca ccaltk ltkvac vacy, y, tfa –L` –L`ckob ckobrek rek`` C`w C`wsuk sukts’ ts’). ). ]fa L`c L`ckob kobrek` rek` C`w C`wsuk sukts ts war waraa lbesbckm`tam, `em be I`rlf 04, 4::6, ` Lbesbckm`tam @iaemam Lc`ss @ltkbe `em Markv`tkva Lbipc`ket w`s okcam, l`ptk l`ptkbeam beam   Ke ra [`fb [`fbb! b! Kel Kel.. \f` \f`raf rafbcm bcmar ar Cktk Cktkn`t n`tkbe kbe,,   ke \` \`et et`` Lc Lc`r `r`` Lb Lbue uety ty \up \upar arkbr kbr Lb Lbur urt. t. ]f ]faa Lbesbckm`ta Lbesb ckm`tam m @iaem @iaemam am Lc`ss `em Markv` Markv`tkva tkva Lbipc`ket `ccanas tf`t tfa Db`rm dra`lf dra`lfam am okmulk okmulk`ry `ry mutkas ke lbeealtkbe lbeeal tkbe wktf Iklrb Iklrbsbot‛s sbot‛s uesbcklktam uesbcklktam prbpbs prbpbs`c `c tb `lquk `lqukra ra [`fbb [`fbb!. !. ]fa Lbesbckm`tam Lbesbckm`tam @iaem @iaemam am Lc`ss `em Markv`tkva Lbipc`ket saahs malc`r`tbry `em kegueltkva rackao, `s wacc `s `e `w`rm bo pc`ketkoos‛ `ttbreays‛ oaas `em lbsts. Be I`rlf 46, 4::6, tfa \`et` Lc`r` Lbuety \uparkbr Lburt nr`etam maoaem`ets‛ ibtkbe tb st`y tfa Lbesbc Lbe sbckm` km`tam tam @ia @iaema emam m Lc` Lc`ss ss @lt @ltkbe kbe `em Mar Markv` kv`tkv tkvaa Lbi Lbipc` pc`ket ket pae paemke mken n ras rasbcu bcutkb tkbe e bo ski skikc` kc`rr prb prblaa laamke mkens ns paemken ke tfa Mac`w`ra Lburt bo Lf`elary maslrkdam dacbw. Bea bo tfa L`ckobrek` C`wsukts (dy pc`ketkoo Lbenran`tkbe Datf @`rbe) w`s vbcuet`rkcy mksikssam dy tfa pc`ketkoo  wktfbut pragumkla, `em ra-okcam ke tfa Q.\. Mkstrklt Lburt obr tfa Ebrtfare Mkstrklt bo L`ckobrek` be Malaidar <, 4::6. ]fa lbipc`ket ke tfks oamar`c sukt `ccanas lc`kis obr dra`lf bo okmulk`ry muty `em lbrpbr`ta w`sta ke lbeealtkbe wktf [`fbb!‛s lbeskmar`tkbe bo prbpbs`cs dy Iklrbsbot tb purlf`sa `cc br ` p`rt bo [`fbb!, `mbptkbe bo savar`ela pc`es, `em tfa Guea 04, 4::6 `nraaiaet datwaae Nbbnca Kel. `em [`fbb!. ]fa lbipc`ket `csb `ccanas lc`kis uemar \altkbe 0=(`) bo tfa Axlf`ena @lt obr `ccanam o`csa st`taiaets br biksskbes ke [`fbb!‛s Guea ;, 4::6 prbxy st`taiaet ran`rmken tfa savar`ela pc`es `em obr lbetrbc parsbe ck`dkckty uemar \altkbe 4:(`) bo tfa Axlf`ena @lt. ]fa lbipc`ket saahs uespalkokam lbipaes`tbry m`i`nas, kegueltkva rackao, `em `e `w`rm bo  pc`ketkoos‛ `ttbreays‛ oaas `em lbsts. Maoaem`ets f`va ebt raspbemam tb tfa lbipc`ket `s bo tfks m`ta. \kela Oadru`ry 00, 4::6, okva sap`r`ta stblhfbcmar c`wsukts wara okcam ke tfa Mac`w`ra Lburt bo Lf`elary `n`kest [`fbb! Kel. `em iaidars bo tfa Db`rm dy pc`ketkoos ]fa ^`yea Lbuety Aipcbyaas‛ Tatkraiaet \ystai, Tbe`cm Mklha, `em ]fa Zbckla `em Okra Tatkraiaet \ystai bo tfa Lkty bo Matrbkt `cben wktf ]fa Naear`c Tatkraiaet \ystai bo tfa Lkty bo Matrbkt, Zcuidars `em Zkpaokttars Cbl`c Qekbe Eb. ?<: Zaeskbe-@eeukty ]rust Ouem, `em _arebe @. Iarlkar (tfa –Mac`w`ra C`wsukts’). ]wb bo tfa Mac`w`ra C`wsukts (dy pc`ketkoo ^`yea Lbuety `em dy pc`ketkoo Zcuidars `em Zkpaokttars Cbl`c Qekbe) wara vbcuet`rkcy mksikssam wktf pragumkla. ]fa rai`keken Mac`w`ra C`wsukts wara lbesbckm`tam (ca`m pc`ketkoo ks tfa Zbckla `em Okra Tatkraiaet \ystai bo tfa Lkty bo  Matrbkt) `em ca`m lbuesac w`s `ppbketam. Be Ebvaidar 06, 4::6, pc`ketkoos okcam `e `iaemam ibtkbe obr ca`va tb `iaem `ia em `em sup suppca pcaiae iaett kts lbi lbipc` pc`ket ket.. Ke lbe lbeeal ealtkb tkbe e wkt wktf f tfa `ia `iaema emam m ibt ibtkbe kbe obr ca` ca`va va tb `ia `iaem, em, pc` pc`ket ketkoo  koo  sudikt sudikttam tam ` prbpbs prbpbsam am \albe \albem m @iaem @iaemam am `em \uppcaiaet`c \uppcaiaet`c Lbesb Lbesbckm`ta ckm`tam m Lbipc` Lbipc`ket ket (tfa –\alb –\albem em @iaema @iaemam m Lbipc`ket’). ]fa \albem @iaemam Lbipc`ket naear`ccy `ccanas tf`t maoaem`ets dra`lfam okmulk`ry mutkas ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa lbeskmar`tkbe bo prbpbs`cs dy Iklrbsbot tb purlf`sa `cc br p`rt bo [`fbb!, `mbptkbe bo savar`ela pc`es, tfa Guea 04, 4::6 `nraaiaet datwaae Nbbnca Kel. `em [`fbb! `em purpbrts tb st`ta lc`kis rac`tken tb `ccanam o`csa `em iksca`mken st`taiaets st`taiaets `em biksskbes ke [`fbb [`fbb!‛s !‛s prbxy st`ta st`taiaet. iaet. Zc`ketkoos `ccana tf`t tfa prbxy st`ta st`taiaet iaet lbet`keam o`csa `em iksca`mken st`taiaets `em biksskbes rac`tam tb tfa savar`ela pc`es, kelcumken st`taiaets `em biksskbes wktf raspalt tb tfa purpbsa bo tfa pc`es, tfa ra`sbes obr `mbptken tfa pc`es, tfa daeaokts prbvkmam tb aipcbyaas uemar tfa pc`es, tfa rbca pc`yam dy butskma lbipaes`tkbe lbesuct`ets `em tfa keobri`tkbe prbvkmam dy tfai `em tfa tbt`c lbst bo tfa pc`es. ]fa \albem @iaemam @iaemam Lbipc Lbipc`ket `ket saahs uespalkokam uespalkokam lbipaes`tbry lbipaes`tbry m`i`n m`i`nas, as, malc`r`tbry `em kegueltkva rackao, `s wacc `s `e `w`rm bo pc`ketkoos‛ `ttbreays‛ oaas `em lbsts. Be Malaidar 0:, 4::6, pc`ketkoos ke tfa Mac`w`ra C`wsukts, [`fbb! `em tfa Kemkvkmu`c Maoaem`ets aetaram ketb ` \tkpuc`tkbe `em @nraaiaet bo \attcaiaet (tfa –\attcaiaet @nraaiaet’) tf`t, ko `pprbvam dy tfa Mac`w`ra Lburt bo Lf`elary, wkcc sattca `em rasbcva `cc lc`kis tf`t wara br lbucm f`va daae `ssartam dy tfa pc`ketkoos br iaidars bo tfa sattcaiaet lc`ss, lbeskstken bo `cc parsbes wfb facm [`fbb! lbiibe stblh `t `ey tkia datwaae G`eu`ry <0

0:<

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) `em Malaidar >, 4::6, br be daf`co bo [`fbb! Kel. ke tfa Mac`w`ra C`wsukts br ke `ey obrui. @s prbvkmam ke tfa \attca \at tcaiae iaett @nr @nraai aaiaet aet,, ke lbe lbeskm skmar` ar`tkb tkbe e obr tfa sat sattca tcaiae iaet, t, [`f [`fbb! bb! `nr `nraam aam tb `ia `iaem em ke v`r v`rkbu kbuss w`y w`yss tfa savar`ela pc`es tf`t [`fbb! `mbptam ke Oadru`ry 4::6. Be Malaidar 0;, 4::6, Lf`elaccbr Lf`elaccbr Lf`emcar `em tfa Mac`w`ra Lburt bo Lf`el Lf`elary ary `pprbvam `e brmar slfamucken slfamucken ` fa`rken tb matarikea wfatfar tb nr`et oke`c `pprbv`c tb tfa sattcaiaet. Zursu`et tb tfks brmar, be Malaidar <:, 4::6, 4:: 6, [`f [`fbb! bb! i`k i`kcam cam ebt ebtkla kla bo tfa prb prbpbs pbsam am sat sattca tcaiae iaett `em pud pudcks cksfam fam ` sui suii`r i`ry y ebt ebtkla kla bo tfa prbpbsam prbpbsam sattcaiaet. Lc`ss iaidars `em [`fbb! stblhfbcmars f`m uetkc Oadru`ry =, 4::; tb sarva `em okca `ey wrkttae bdgalt bdg altkbe kbess tb tfa prb prbpbs pbsam am sat sattca tcaiae iaet. t. Zc` Zc`ket ketkoos koos‛‛ lbu lbuesa esacc sud sudikt ikttam tam ` oaa pat patktk ktkbe be saa saahke hken n can can`c `c oaa oaass `em axpaesas. Dy stkpuc`tkbe `em brmar, tfa Lburt sat tfa fa`rken be oke`c `pprbv`c bo tfa prbpbsam sattcaiaet `em tfa pc`ketkoos‛ lbuesac‛s raquast obr can`c oaas `em axpaesas obr I`rlf ?, 4::;. ^fkca tfa butlbia bo tfasa i`ttars ks lurraetcy ebt matarike`dca, tfa Lbip`ey mbas ebt dackava, d`sam be lurraet hebwcamna, tf`t `ey bo tfa obranbken can`c prblaamkens br lc`kis ks ckhacy tb f`va ` i`tark`c `mvarsa aooalt be kts oke`elk`c pbsktkbe, rasucts bo bpar`tkbes, br l`sf ocbws. Ke tfa avaet bo ` matarike`tkbe `mvarsa tb [`fbb!, kts sudskmk`rkas, mkraltbrs, br booklars, ke tfasa i`ttars, fbwavar, tfa Lbip`ey i`y kelur sudst`etk`c ibeat`ry ck`dkckty, `em da raqukram tb lf`ena kts duskeass pr`ltklas. Aktfar bo tfasa lbucm f`va ` i`tark`c `mvarsa aooalt be tfa Lbip`ey‛s oke`elk`c pbsktkbe, rasucts bo bpar`tkbes, br l`sf ocbws. ]fa Lbip`ey i`y `csb kelur sudst`etk`c axpaesas ke maoaemken `n`kest tfasa lc`kis.

Ebta 0=

\ANIAE]\

]fa Lbip`ey i`e`nas kts duskeass nabnr`pfkl`ccy. ]fa prki`ry `ra`s bo ia`suraiaet `em malkskbe-i`hken `ra tfa Q.\ Q.\.. `em Ket Ketare are`tk `tkbe` be`c. c. I`e I`e`na `naiae iaett rac rackas kas be `e ket ketare are`c `c i`e i`e`na `naiae iaett rap rapbrtk brtken en prb prblas lasss tf` tf`tt prb prbvkm vkmas as ravaeu rav aeuas as `em san saniae iaett bpa bpar`t r`tken ken kel kelbia bia dao daobra bra map mapral ralk`t k`tkbe kbe,, `ib `ibrtk rtkz`t z`tkbe kbe,, `em stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe axpaesa obr i`hken oke`elk`c malkskbes `em `ccbl`tken rasburlas. \aniaet bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `ibrtkz `tkbe, `em stblhstblh-d`sam d`sam lbipaes`tkbe lbipaes`tkbe axpae axpaesa sa kelcum kelcumas as kelbia orbi bpar` bpar`tkbes tkbes daobra mapral mapralk`tkbe k`tkbe,, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `ibrtkz `tkbe, `em stblh stblh-d`sa -d`sam m lbipa lbipaes`tkb es`tkbe e axpae axpaesa. sa. I`e`n I`e`naiaet aiaet dackavas tf`t sania saniaet et bpar` bpar`tken tken kelbi kelbiaa daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa ks `e `pprbprk`ta ia`sura bo av`cu`tken tfa bpa bpar`t r`tkbe kbe`c `c par parobr obri`e i`ela la bo tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s san saniae iaets. ts. Fbw Fbwava avar, r, tfk tfkss ia` ia`sur suraa sfb sfbucm ucm da lbe lbeskm skmara aram m ke `mmktk `mm ktkbe be tb, ebt `s ` sud sudstk stktut tutaa obr obr,, br sup supark arkbr br tb, kelbia orbi bpa bpar`t r`tkbe kbess br btf btfar ar ia` ia`sur suras as bo oke oke`el `elk`c k`c parobri`ela prap`ram ke `llbrm`ela wktf Q.\. N@@Z.

0:=

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa obccbwken t`dcas prasaet suii`rkzam keobri`tkbe dy saniaet (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

Tavaeuas dy saniaet7 Qektam Qek tam \t` \t`tas tas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keta Ke tare` re`tk tkbe be`c `c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$=,<?1,;4 $=,<?1 ,;44 4 4,:1 4, :1;, ;,>1 >1> >

$=,>4>,04 $=,>4> ,04< < 4,4= 4, 4=4, 4,01 010 0

$1,06;,6? $1,06; ,6?6 6 4,:0 4, :06, 6,?< ?<= =

]bt`c ]bt `c rava ravaeua euass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$?,=41 $?, =41,?> ,?>; ;

$?,;?; $?, ;?;,4> ,4>= =

$>,4:6 $>, 4:6,1: ,1:4 4

\aniaet bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtkz`tkbe, `em stblhd`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa7 Qektam Qek tam \t` \t`tas tas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keta Ke tare re``tk tkbe be`c `c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0,=10,?1 $0,=10 ,?1? ? =1=, =1 =,4? 4?0 0

$0,=<<,?0 $0,=<< ,?0> > =;<, =; <,=0 =06 6

$0,404 $0, 404,64 ,640 0 (4,4 (4 ,40 06)

]bt`c saniaet bpar`tken kelbia daobra mapralk`tkbe, `ibrtk `ib rtkz`t z`tkbe kbe,, `em stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe axp axpaes aesa7 a7 . . . . . Mapr Ma pral alk` k`tkb tkbe e `em `em `i `ibr brtk tkz` z`tk tkbe be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \tblh \tb lh-d` -d`sa sam m lb lbip ipae aes` s`tk tkbe be ax axpa paes esaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0,;:1,;0> 0,;:1, ;0> (1=: (1 =:,: ,:40 40)) (=4= (= 4=,; ,;<: <:))

0,;4>,:<1 0,;4>, :<1 (?1; (? 1;,0 ,0;1 ;1)) (1>4 (1 >4,= ,=4> 4>))

0,40:,?:< 0,40:, ?:< (>;:, (>; :,:< :<<) <) (=:>, (=: >,?: ?:>) >)

Kelb Ke lbia ia or orbi bi bp bpar ar`t `tkb kbes es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ;= ;=:, :,;? ;?? ? L`pkt`c axpaemkturas, eat7 Qekt Qe ktam am \t \t`t `tas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ?:0, ?:0,=> =>4 4 Keta Ke tare re``tkbe`c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6>,??=

$ ?; ?;1, 1,=0 =0< <

$

04,? 04 ,?;< ;<

$ 101, 101,>: >:; ; 6?,1?>

$ 160, 160,;: ;:? ? ;4,;4<

]bt` ]b t`cc l`p l`pkt kt`c `c ax axpa paem emkt ktur uras as,, eat eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ?6 ?6;, ;,0< 0<? ?

$ ?: ?:4, 4,4> 4>? ?

$ ?> ?>=, =,64 64; ;

Malaidar <0, 4::>

4::6

Zrbparty `em aqukpiaet, eat7 Qektam Qek tam \t`t \t`tas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0,064 $0,064,40 ,404 4 Keta Ke tare re`t `tkb kbe` e`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0=;, 0= ;,=4 =4: :

$0,<;?,:< $0,<;? ,:<0 0 0=:, 0= :,01 01: :

]bt`c ]bt `c prbpa prbparty rty `em `em aqukp aqukpiae iaet, t, eat eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0, $0,<<0 <<0,?< ,?<4 4

$0,1<? $0, 1<?,06 ,060 0

Tavaeuas `ra `ttrkdutam tb kemkvkmu`c lbuetrkas `llbrmken tb tfa ketare`tkbe`c beckea prbparty tf`t naear`tam tfa ravaeuas. Eb skenca obrakne lbuetry `llbuetam obr ibra tf`e 0: parlaet bo ravaeuas ke 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6, raspal ras paltkva tkvacy. cy. \aa `cs `csb b Ebt Ebtaa 1”– 1”–Nbb Nbbmwk mwkcc’ cc’ `em Ebt Ebtaa 0?” 0?”–Ta –Tastr strult ulturk urken en Lf` Lf`rna rnas, s, Eat Eat’’ obr `mm `mmktk ktkbe` be`cc keobri`tkbe ran`rmken saniaets. ]fa obccbwken t`dca prasaets ravaeuas obr nrbups bo skikc`r sarvklas (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?

4::>

4::6

I`rhatken sarvklas7 Bweam Bwe am `em Bpa Bpar`ta r`tam m sktas sktas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ookc @o okck` k`ta ta sk skta tass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$<,:>=,6: $<,:>= ,6:< < 4,11 4, 114, 4,=: =:= =

$<,??;,60 $<,??; ,60? ? 4,=0 4, =06, 6,=4 =4< <

$=,:=1,;; $=,:=1 ,;;? ? 4,4> 4, 4>:, :,40 40: :

I`rhat I`rh atke ken n sar sarvk vkla lass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oaas Oa as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,?4>, 1,?4 >,4: 4:> > >;6, >; 6,=> =>4 4

?,:66, ?,:6 6,4< 4<; ; 660, 66 0,:< :<1 1

?,<0?, ?,<0 ?,4: 4:? ? 6;4, 6; 4,4; 4;? ?

]bt` ]b t`cc rava ravaeu euas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$?,= $? ,=41 41,? ,?>; >;

$?,; $? ,;?; ?;,4 ,4>= >=

$>,4 $> ,4:6 :6,1 ,1:4 :4

0:1

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) Ebta 01

TAC@]AM Z@T][ ]T@E\@L]KBE\

]fa Lbip`ey `em btfar tfkrm p`rtkas `ra ckiktam p`rtears ke \botd`eh L`pkt`c Z`rtears CZ (–\botd`eh L`pkt`c’), ` vaetura l`pkt`c ouem wfklf ks `e `ookck`ta bo \BO]D@EH. @ I`e`nken Z`rtear bo \botd`eh L`pkt`c ks `csb ` iaidar bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s Db`rm. Ke Gucy 0;;; `em I`rlf 4:::, tfa Lbip`ey i`ma kevastiaets ke \botd`eh  L`pkt`c bo `pprbxki`tacy $<: ikcckbe `em $? ikcckbe, raspaltkvacy, wfklf tbnatfar raprasaets cass tf`e ` 1 parlaet fbcmken ke \botd`eh L`pkt`c. \kela tfa Lbip`ey‛s kektk`c kevastiaet, tfa Lbip`ey f`s ralbrmam sudst`etk`c kip`kriaets tb kts kevastiaet. @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa kevastiaet ks v`cuam `t cass tf`e $0 ikcckbe `em ks kelcumam be tfa lbesbckm`tam d`c`ela sfaats ke btfar `ssats. Zursu`et tb tfa Z`rtearsfkp @nraaiaet, tfa Lbip`ey kevastam be tfa s`ia taris `em be tfa s`ia d`sks `s `cc btfar ckiktam p`rtears. Tavaeuas orbi rac`tam p`rtkas, axlcumken [`fbb! G`p`e `em @ckd`d`, raprasaetam `pprbxki`tacy 0 parlaet bo tbt`c ravaeuas obr tfa ya`rs aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6. I`e`naiaet dackavas tf`t tfa taris bo tfa `nraaiaets wktf tfasa rac`tam p`rtkas `ra lbip`r`dca tb tfa taris bdt`keam ke `ri‛s-caentf tr`es`ltkbes wktf uerac`tam skikc`rcy sktu`tam lustbiars bo tfa Lbip`ey. \aa Ebt Ebtaa =”– =”–Kev Kevast astiae iaets ts ke Aqu Aqukty kty Ket Ketara arasts sts’’ obr `mm `mmktk ktkbe` be`cc keo keobri` bri`tkbe tkbe rac rac`ta `tam m tb tr` tr`es` es`ltk ltkbes bes kev kevbcv bcvken ken [`fbb! G`p`e `em @ckd`d`.

Ebta 0?

TA\]TQL]QTKEN LF@TNA\,  EA]

 Tastrulturken lf`rnas, eat  lbesksts  lbesksts bo lbsts `ssblk`tam wktf tfa twb rastrulturken prbnr`is kektk`tam ke 4::6 `em

kelcumas aipcby kelcumas aipcbyaa aa savar savar`ela `ela p`y `em rac`ta rac`tam m lbsts lbsts,, ravars ravars`cs `cs bo stblhstblh-d`sam d`sam lbipaes`tkbe lbipaes`tkbe axpae axpaesa, sa, o`lkckty rastrulturken lbsts, `em wrkta-boos bo tae`et kiprbvaiaets, ourektura `em okxam `ssats `ssblk`tam wktf tfa axkt bo  o`lkcktkas, `s wacc `s ravars`cs bo rastrulturken lf`rnas `rksken orbi lf`enas ke astki`tas. ]fa Lbip`ey f`m eb rastrulturken lf`rnas br rasarvas ke 4::? `em 4::>. Obr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Ma Mala laid idar ar,, <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6,,   Tastrultur Tastrulturken ken lf`rn lf`rnas, as, eat   w`s w`s lbi lbiprk prksam sam bo tfa obc obccbw cbwken ken (ke tfbus`ems)7 [a`r Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6

Aipcby Aip cbyaa aa sava savar`e r`ela la p`y p`y `em `em rac` rac`tam tam lbs lbsts ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0:;,1 $0: ;,1=6 =6

Ebe-l`ela Ebe-l` elac`d c`dca ca ca`s ca`sa, a, lbe lbetr`l tr`ltt tarik tarike`t e`tkbe kbe,, `em `em btfa btfarr lf`r lf`rnas nas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^rkta ^r kta-bo -boos os bo ta tae` e`et et ki kiprb prbva vaia iaet ets, s, ou oure rekt ktur ura, a, `e `em m okx okxam am `s `ssa sats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0;,?0> 0;,?0> >,;4 >, ;41 1

\ud-tbt`c \ud-tbt `c dao daobra bra rav ravars ars`c `c bo bo stbl stblh-d` h-d`sam sam lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe axp axpaes aesaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tavars Tav ars`c `c bo bo stblh stblh-d` -d`sam sam lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe axp axpaes aesaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0<>,:;: 0<>,:; : (<:,4<? (<:, 4<?))

Tast Ta strul rultu turke rken n lf`r lf`rna nas, s, eat eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$0:? $0 :?,6 ,61= 1=

 Tastrulturken lf`rnas, eat   dy saniaet lbesksts bo tfa obccbwken obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 (ke

tfbus`ems)7 \tr`tankl ^brhobrla Ta`ckneiaet

Lbst Tamultkbe Kekt Ke ktk` k`tk tkva vass

]bt` ]b t`cc

Qektam Qekt am \t` \t`ta tass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keta Ke tare re``tk tkbe be``c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$04,0< $04, 0<: : <,06 <, 060 0

$?>,6? $?>, 6?0 0 4<,? 4< ,?64 64

$ >;,; >;,;;0 ;0 4?,6 4? ,6?< ?<

Tast Ta strul rultu turke rken n lf` lf`rn rnas as,, eat eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$01, $0 1,<0 <00 0

$;0, $; 0,1= 1=< <

$0:? $0 :?,6 ,61= 1=

0:?

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) \tr`tankl \tr`ta nkl ^brhob ^brhobrla rla Ta`ckne Ta`ckneiaet. iaet.   Murken Murken tfa okrs okrstt qu` qu`rta rtarr bo 4:: 4::6, 6, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y kip kipcai caiaet aetam am ` str str`ta `tankl nkl

wbrhobrla ra`ckneiaet tb ibra `pprbprk`tacy wbrhobrla `pprbprk`tacy `ccbl`ta rasburlas tb kts hay str`ta str`tankl nkl kektk`tkvas. kektk`tkvas. ]fa str`tankl wbrhobrla ra`ckneiaet kevbcvam kevastken rasburlas ke sbia `ra`s, ramulken rasburlas ke btfars, `em ackike`tken sbiaa `ra sbi `ra`s `s bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s Lbip`ey‛s duskeass duskeass tf`t mkm ebt sup suppbrt pbrt kts str str`ta `tankl nkl prk prkbrkt brktkas kas.. Mur Murken ken tfa ya`r aem aemam am Malaidar Malai dar <0, 4::6, tfa Lbip` Lbip`ey ey kelurram tbt`c pra-t` pra-t`x x l`sf lf`rnas bo `pprbx `pprbxki`tac ki`tacy y $4> ikcckbe ke savar savar`ela `ela p`y axpaesas `em rac`tam l`sf axpaesas ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfks wbrhobrla ra`ckneiaet, eat bo ravars`cs obr `mgustiaets tb brknke`c astki`tas tbt`cken $4 ikcckbe. ]fa pra-t`x l`sf lf`rnas wara boosat dy ` $04 ikcckbe lramkt rac`tam rac`ta m tb ebe-l` ebe-l`sf sf stblh stblh-d`sa -d`sam m lbipa lbipaes`tk es`tkbe be axpae axpaesa sa ravars`cs obr uevas uevastam tam stblh `w`rm `w`rms. s. @s bo Malai Malaidar dar <0, 4::6, tfara wara eb rai`keken rastrulturken `llru`cs rac`tam tb tfa str`tankl wbrhobrla ra`ckneiaet. Lbst Tamult Tamultkbe kbe Kektk`t Kektk`tkvas. kvas.   Murken Murken tfa obu oburtf rtf qu` qu`rta rtarr bo 4:: 4::6, 6, tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y kip kipcai caiaet aetam am lbs lbstt ram ramult ultkbe kbe

kektk`tkvas `em kelurram savar`ela, o`lkckty, `em btfar rastrulturken lbsts bo $00: ikcckbe ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo  4::6, boosat dy $06 ikcckbe ke rac`tam stblh-d`sam lbipaes`tkbe axpaesa ravars`cs obr uevastam stblh `w`rms, rasuctken ke ` eat rastrulturken lf`rna bo $;4 ikcckbe. ]fa Lbip`ey kelurram pra-t`x lf`rnas bo $64 ikcckbe obr aipcbyaa savar`ela p`y axpaesas `em rac`tam l`sf axpaemkturas ke lbeealtkbe wktf ramultkbes ke tfa Lbip`ey‛s ncbd`c wbrhobrla tf`t wara i`ma `s p`rt bo tfa lbst ramult ram ultkbe kbe kekt kektk`t k`tkva kvas, s, wfk wfklf lf war waraa boos boosat at dy ` lra lramkt mkt bo $06 ikc ikcckb ckbe e obr ebe ebe-l` -l`sf sf stb stblhlh-d`s d`sam am lbi lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe axpaesa ravars`cs obr uevastam stblh `w`rms. ]fa Lbip`ey `csb dan`e tb lbesbckm`ta `em axkt sacaltam o`lkcktkas dankeeken ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6 `em axpalts tb lbetkeua tfks prblass tfrbunf tfa aem bo 4::;. ]fa Lbip`ey v`l`tam `em la`sam usa bo ` sknekokl`et pbrtkbe bo tfraa o`lkcktkas ke tfa Q.\. `em twb ketare`tkbe`c o`lkcktkas. ]fa Lbip`ey ralbrmam lf`rnas bo $4= ikcckbe ke tfa oburtf qu`rtar bo 4::6 obr axktam o`lkcktkas bo wfklf $0? ikcckbe rac`tam tb ebe-l`elac`dca ca`sa lbsts `em $6 ikcckbe rac`tam tb tfa wrkta-boo bo tae`et kiprbvaiaets `em ourektura `em okxturas. Ebe-l`elac`dca ca`sa ca` sa lbs lbsts ts war waraa mat matari arikea keam m d`s d`sam am be tfa pra prasae saett v`c v`cua ua bo rai rai`ke `keken ken ca` ca`sa sa p`y p`yiae iaets ts ram ramula ulam m dy ast astki` ki`tam tam sudca`sa kelbia. ]fa lbst bo axktken `em tarike`tken tfa Lbip`ey‛s o`lkckty ca`sas w`s matarikeam dy raoarrken tb tfa lbetr`ltu`c taris bo tfa `nraaiaets, dy av`cu`tken tfa lurraet ra`c ast`ta i`rhat lbemktkbes, `em, wfara `ppckl`dca, dy raoarrken tb `ibuets ke eanbtk`tkbe. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s `dkckty tb naear`ta tfa astki`tam `ibuets bo  sudca`sa kelbia, `s wacc `s tb tarike`ta ca`sa bdckn`tkbes `t tfa astki`tam `ibuets, ks mapaemaet upbe tfa lbiiarlk`c ra`c ast`ta i`rhat lbemktkbes ke lart`ke nabnr`pfkas `t tfa tkia tfa Lbip`ey eanbtk`tas tfa ca`sa tarike`tkbe `em sudca`sa `rr`enaiaets wktf tfkrm p`rtkas. ]fasa `ibuets raprasaet tfa Lbip`ey‛s dast astki`ta bo tfa bdckn`tkbes tfa Lbip`ey axpalts tb kelur `em lbucm da sudgalt tb `mgustiaet `s i`rhat lbemktkbes lf`ena. ]fa rai`keken ca`sa bdckn`tkbes wkcc da sattcam bvar tfa rai`keken ca`sa taris wfklf axpkra tfrbunf oksl`c 4:0> `em wkcc da `mgustam obr lf`enas ke astki`tas br tfa kip`lt bo sudca`sa lbetr`lts. Ke `mmktkbe, tfa Lbip`ey kelurram $< ikcckbe ke prboasskbe`c sarvklas rac`tken tb tfa rastrulturken `em $0 ikcckbe ke lbetr`lt tarike`tkbe lbsts.  Tastrulturken @llru`cs.  @s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, tfa `nnran`ta $;: ikcckbe butst`emken rastrulturken ck`dkckty

wktf raspalt tb tfa lbst ramultkbe kektk`tkvas rac`tas tb $>: ikcckbe bo aipcbyaa savar`ela p`y axpaesas wfklf tfa Lbip Lb ip`e `ey y ax axpa palt ltss tb su suds dst` t`et etk` k`cc ccy y p` p`y y bu butt dy tf tfaa ae aem m bo tf tfaa sa salb lbem em qu qu`r `rta tarr bo 4: 4::; :;,, `e `em m $4 $4: : ik ikcc cckbe kbe bo  ebe-l`elac`dca ca`sa lbsts wfklf tfa Lbip`ey axpalts tb p`y bvar tfa ckvas bo tfa rac`tam bdckn`tkbes wfklf axtaem tb tfa aem bo oksl`c 4:0>.

0:>

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa `ltkvkty ke tfa Lbip`ey‛s   rastrulturken `llru`cs  obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 ks suii`rkzam `s obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 \tr`tankl ^brhobrla Ta`ckneiaet

” 4;,0 4; ,0?; ?; (04, (0 4,46 46=) =) ” ” (0,1 (0 ,1>= >=))

Lbst Tamultkbe Kekt Ke ktk` k`tk tkva vass

]bt` ]b t`cc

D`c`ela `s bo G`eu`ry 0, 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aipc Ai pcby byaa aa sa sava var` r`el elaa p` p`y y `e `em m ra rac` c`ta tam m lb lbst stss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tava Ta vars rs`c `c bo st stbl blhh-d` d`sa sam m lbi lbipa paes es`t `tkb kbe e axp axpae aesa sa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EbeEb e-l` l`el elac ac`d `dca ca ca ca`s `sa, a, lb lbet etr` r`lt lt ta tari rike ke`t `tkb kbe, e, `e `em m bt btfa farr lf lf`r `rna nas( s(*) *) . . . . . . . . . . ^rkt ^r ktaa-b -boo oo bo ta tae` e`et et ki kipr prbv bvai aiaaet et,, ou oure rekt ktur ura, a, `em ok okxa xam m `s `ssa sats ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tava Ta vars rs`c `c bo pr prav avkb kbus us lf lf`r `rna nass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

Tastru Tast rult lturk urken en lf lf`r `rna nas, s, ea eatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L`sf L` sf p` p`km km . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EbeEb e-l` l`sf sf ra rava vars rs`c `c bo st stbl blh-d h-d`s `sam am lb lbip ipae aes` s`tk tkbe be ax axpa paes esaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EbeEb e-l` l`ssf `mg mgus usti tiae aets ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 01,<0 01,<00 0 (4>, (4 >,1; 1;1) 1) 04,4 04 ,46= 6= ”

$ ;0,1= ;0,1=< < $0:? $0:?,6 ,61= 1= (0?, (0 ?,00 000) 0) (= (=<, <,>: >:?) ?) 0>,; 0> ,;14 14 <:,4 <: ,4<? <? (<,= (< ,=;> ;>)) (<,= (< ,=; ;>)

D`c` D` c`el elaa `s bo Ma Mala laid idar ar <0 <0,, 4: 4::6 :6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$ 6;,6 6;,66> 6> $ 6; 6;,6 ,66> 6>

”

” $ ” 60,; 60 ,;1< 1< 000, 00 0,04 044 4 (0>, (0 >,;1 ;14) 4) (<:,4 (<:,4<? <?)) 0;,? 0; ,?0> 0> 0;,? 0; ,?0> 0> >,;4 >, ;41 1 >,;4 >, ;41 1 ” (0,1 (0 ,1> >=)

(*) Kelcum Kelcumas as $< ikc ikcckbe ckbe ke prb prboas oasskb skbe`c e`c sar sarvkl vklas as rac rac`tk `tken en tb tfa ras rastru trultu lturke rken n `em $0 ikc ikcckb ckbe e ke lbe lbetr` tr`lt lt tarike`tkbe lbsts. @s bo Malaidar <0,   rastrulturken kelcum cumam am ke tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s lbe lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam d`c d`c`el `elaa sfa sfaat at `s rastrulturken `llru`cs   wara kel obccbws (ke tfbus`ems)7 Malaidar <0, 4::6

@llruam @llrua m axpaes axpaesas as `em `em btfar btfar lurra lurraet et ck`dkc ck`dkcktk ktkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Btfa Bt farr cben cben-ta -tari ri ck` ck`dk dkck cktk tkas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$>>,==1 $>>,== 1 04,= 04 ,==4 =4

]bt`c ]bt `c rastr rastrult ulturk urken en `llru `llru`cs `cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$6;,66 $6; ,66> >

@s bo Malaidar <0,  rastrulturken `llru`cs  dy saniaet lbeskstam bo tfa obccbwken (ke tfbus`ems)7 Malaidar <0, 4::6

Qektam \t`t Qektam \t`tas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ketar Ket are` e`tkb tkbe` e`cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$?6,=0: $?6,=0 : 40,= 40 ,=>> >>

]bt`c ]bt `c rastr rastrult ulturk urken en `llru `llru`cs `cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$6;,66 $6; ,66> >

Ebta 0>

\QD\APQAE] A_AE]\

 I`e`naiaet Lf`enas. Be G`eu`ry 0<, 4::;, tfa Db`rm `ppbketam Is. L`rbc D`rtz, ?:, tb sarva `s LAB bo tfa

Lbip`ey, rapc`lken Garry [`en wfb ratuream tb fks obriar rbca `s Lfkao [`fbb `em rai`kes be tfa Db`rm. @t tfa s`ia tkia, tfa skza bo tfa Db`rm w`s kelra`sam orbi 00 tb 04 iaidars `em Is. D`rtz w`s `csb `ppbketam `s ` mkraltbr. Be G`eu`ry 0<, 4::;, tfa Lbip`ey aetaram ketb `e aipcbyiaet `nraaiaet (tfa –@nraaiaet’) wktf Is. D`rtz. ]fa @nraaiaet prbvkmas obr `e kektk`c tari bo obur ya`rs wfklf i`y da axtaemam dy iutu`c `nraaiaet tfara`otar.

0:6

 

[`fbb! Kel. Ebtas tb Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets”(Lbetkeuam) ]fa @nraaiaet `csb prbvkmas tf`t Is. D`rtz wkcc ralakva `e `eeu`c d`sa s`c`ry bo $0 ikcckbe, sudgalt tb `eeu`c ravkaw obr kelra`sas, `em wkcc da acknkdca tb ralakva `e `eeu`c dbeus wktf ` t`rnat `ibuet bo 4:: parlaet bo d`sa s`c`ry `em ` i`xkiui `ibuet bo twb tkias tfa t`rnat `ibuet. ]fa `ltu`c `ibuet bo tfa `eeu`c dbeus wkcc da matarikeam dy tfa Lbipaes`tkbe Lbiikttaa d`sam upbe dbtf tfa Lbip`ey‛s `em Is. D`rtz‛s parobri`ela obr tfa racav`et ya`r. @csb, pursu`et tb tfa @nraaiaet, be G`eu`ry <:, 4::; tfa Lbipaes`tkbe Lbiikttaa nr`etam Is. D`rtz ` stblh  bptkbe lbvarken 1.: ikcckbe sf`ras bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh, wktf ` par sf`ra axarlksa prkla bo $00.>< (tfa lcbsken prkla bo tfa lbiibe stblh be tfa nr`et m`ta) `em ` i`xkiui tari bo savae ya`rs. ]fa bptkbe dalbias axarlks`dca, ko `t `cc, d`sam be tfa `tt`keiaet bo `var`na lcbsken prklas obr tfa Lbip`ey‛s lbiibe stblh `s rapbrtam be tfa E@\M@P Ncbd`c \acalt I`rhat obr 4: lbesalutkva tr`mken m`ys (axlapt ke lart`ke lkrluist`elas) prkbr tb G`eu`ry 0, 4:0< `s obccbws7 (k) bea-tfkrm wkcc vast `t 01: parlaet bo tfa axarlksa prkla8 (kk) bea-skxtf wkcc vast `t 0>1 parlaet bo tfa axarlksa prkla8 (kkk) bea-skxtf wkcc vast `t 4:: parlaet bo tfa axarlksa prkla8 (kv) bea-twacotf bea-twacotf wkcc vast `t 441 parlae parlaett bo tfa axarlksa prkla8 prkla8 (v) bea-tw bea-twacotf acotf wkcc vast `t 41: parlaet bo tfa axarlk axa rlksa sa prk prkla8 la8 `em (vk (vk)) bea bea-sk -skxtf xtf wkc wkccc vas vastt `t <:: parlaet parlaet bo tfa axarlksa axarlksa prkla. prkla. @ey sf`ras sf`ras `lq `lqukr ukram am upb upbe e axarlksa axarlk sa bo tfa bptkbe iust da facm uetkc G`eu`ry G`eu`ry 0, 4:0<, axlapt axlapt ke tfa avaet bo ma`tf br ` lf`ena ke lbetrbc. Zursu`et tb tfa @nraaiaet, be G`eu`ry <:, 4::;, tfa Lbipaes`tkbe Lbiikttaa nr`etam Is. D`rtz `e `w`rm bo  $4.1 ikcckbe ke l`sf `em `e `w`rm bo rastrkltam stblh wktf ` v`cua bo `pprbxki`tacy $>.1 ikcckbe be tfa m`ta bo  nr`et uemar tfa 0;;1 Zc`e tb lbipaes`ta Is. D`rtz obr tfa obroaktura bo tfa v`cua bo aqukty nr`ets `em pbstaipcbyiaet iamkl`c lbvar`na orbi far pravkbus aipcbyar. A`lf sulf `w`rm ks slfamucam tb vast ke obur aqu`c kest`cciaets be I`rlf <0, Guea <:, \aptaidar <:, `em Malaidar 4?, 4::;, `s cben `s Is. D`rtz rai`kes ke tfa sarvkla bo tfa Lbip`ey `s bo tfa vastken m`ta. ]fasa `w`rms (br `otar bea ya`r tfa eat `otar-t`x v`cuas bo tfasa `w`rms) `ra sudgalt tb lart`ke lc`wd`lh prbvkskbes ke tfa avaet bo ` tarike`tkbe bo Is. D`rtz‛ aipcbyiaet obr l`usa br wktfbut nbbm ra`sbe murken tfa tari bo tfa @nraaiaet. Zursu`et tb tfa @nraaiaet, be Oadru`ry 41, 4::;, Is. D`rtz w`s nr`etam stblh bptkbes `em rastrkltam stblh uekts obr 4::; wktf ` v`cua bo `pprbxki`tacy $6 ikcckbe.

0:;

 

\lfamuca KK”_`cu`tkbe `em Pu`ckoyken @llbuets [a`rs Aemam Malaidar <0, 4::?, 4::>, `em 4::6 D`c`ela `t Dankeeken bo [a`r

^rkta-Boos Eat bo, Talbvarkas

Lf`rnam tb Axpaesas

D`c`ela `t Aem bo [a`r

(Ke tfbus`ems)

@llbuets ralakv`dca @ccbw`ela obr mbudtouc `llbuets 4::? 4: :? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4::> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

=0,61> =0,6 1> <6,0;? =?,140

D`c`ela `t Dankeeken bo [a`r

$ 1, 1,:> :>: : 4<,:06 4=,;<>

Lf`rnam tb Axpaesas

$

(6,><0 (6,> <0)) $<6, $<6,0; 0;? ? (0=,?;<) =?,140 (0;,616) 10,?::

Lf`rnam (Lramktam) tb Btfar @llbuets(*)

D`c`ela `t Aem bo [a`r

(Ke tfbus`ems)

Maoarram t`x `ssat v`cu`tkbe `ccbw`ela 4::? 4: :? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0,1 $0,1:> :>,6 ,6=6 =6 4::> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;1,>>; 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??,=66

$01,4: $01, 4:? ? ;,6:? 41,?>=

$(0, $( 0,=4 =4>, >,4> 4>1) 1) $;1, $;1,>> >>; ; (<;,:;>) ??,=66 (6,?04) 6<,11:

(*) @ibuets ebt lf`rnam (lramktam) tb axpaesas wara lf`rnam (lramktam) tb stblhfbcmars‛ aqukty, maoarram t`x `ssats/(ck`dkcktkas), br nbbmwkcc. Ke `mmktkbe, ke 4::?, ` malra`sa ke tfa v`cu`tkbe `ccbw`ela bo $0.0 dkcckbe w`s mua tb tfa raibv`c bo maoarram kelbia t`x `ssats `rksken orbi uera`ckzam axlass t`x daeaokts orbi stblh-d`sam `w`rms `em tfakr rac`tam v`cu`tkbe `ccbw`ela, ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa `mbptkbe bo \O@\ 04<T.

00:

 

\acaltam Pu`rtarcy Oke`elk`c M`t` (Qe`umktam) Pu`rtars Aemam I`rlf <0, 4::>

Guea <:, 4::>

\aptaidar <:, Malaidar <0, I`rlf <0, 4::> 4::> 4::6(0)

Guea <:, 4::6

\aptaidar <:, Malaidar <0, 4::6 4::6(4)

(Ke tfbus`ems, axlapt par sf`ra `ibuets)

Tavaeuas Tavaeu as . . . . . . . . . . $0,?> $0,?>0,61 0,61: : $0,?;>,; $0,?;>,;4: 4: $0,>?>, $0,>?>,1:? 1:? Nrbss Nrb ss prb prbokt okt . . . . . . . . $ ;16 ;16,40< ,40< $ $0,:0 0,:0=,; =,;:6 :6 $0, $0,:4>, :4>,<:? <:? Eatt ke Ea kelb lbia ia/( /(cb cbss ss)) . . . . $ 0= 0=4, 4,=4 =4= = $ 0? 0?:, :,1? 1?> > $ 01 010, 0,46 46? ?

$0,6<0,;;6 $0,6<0, ;;6 $0,60>, $0,60>,?:4 ?:4 $0, $0,>;6, >;6,:61 :61 $0, $0,>6? >6?,=4? ,=4? $0,0<:, $0, 0<:,:6; :6; $0, $0,:?4, :?4,10; 10; $0,:<4 $0,:<4,0> ,0>= = $0, $0,:0= :0=,0=; ,0=; $ 4: 4:1, 1,>4 >4< < $ 1= 1=4, 4,0? 0?< < $ 0< 0<0, 0,40 401 1 $ 1= 1=,< ,<=6 =6

$0,6:?,<6; $0,6:?, <6; $0,:>?, $0,: >?,4;6 4;6 $ (<: (<:<, <,=4 =46) 6)

Eat kelbia/(cbss) par sf`ra”d`skl . . . . . . $

:.00 $

:.04 $

:.00

$

:.01 $

:.=0 $

:.0: $

:.:=

$

(:.44)

Eat kelbia/(cbss) par sf`ra”mkcutam . . . . $

:.0: $

:.00 $

:.00

$

:.01 $

:.<> $

:.:; $

:.:=

$

(:.44)

\f`ras usam ke par sf`ra l`cluc`tkbe” d`sk d` skll . . . . . . . . . . . . 0, 0,<1 <14, 4,=> =>? ? 0, 0,<< <<;, ;,1; 1;= =

0,<< 0, <<1, 1,:; :;4 4

0,<4 0, <46, 6,>6 >6= =

0,<< 0, <<<, <,>< ><: : 0, 0,<> <>4, 4,?4 ?4; ;

0,<6 0, <6<, <,>6 >6? ?

0,<6 0, <6>, >,>1 >16 6

\f`ras usam ke par sf`ra l`cluc`tkbe” mkcu mk cuta tam m . . . . . . . . . . 0, 0,=0 =06, 6,44 441 1 0, 0,=: =:<, <,60 60; ;

0,<; 0, <;1, 1,:1 :1? ?

0,<; 0, <;?, ?,<: <:? ?

0,<; 0, <;1, 1,=0 =0? ? 0, 0,<; <;;, ;,4> 4>> >

0,<; 0, <;>, >,1> 1>< <

0,<6 0, <6>, >,>1 >16 6

(0)

Eat kelbia obr tfa qu`rtar aemam I`rlf <0, 4::6 kelcumas ` ebe-l`sf n`ke bo $=:0 ikcckbe rac`tam tb @ckd`d`

(4)

Nrbup‛s KZB bo @ckd`d`.lbi, eat bo t`x. Eat kelbia obr tfa qu`rtar aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 kelcumas ` nbbmwkcc kip`kriaet lf`rna bo $=66 ikcckbe `em eat rastrulturken lf`rnas bo $;: ikcckbe.

000

 

Ktai ;.   Lf`enas ke `em Mks`nraaiaets ^ktf @llbuet`ets be @llbuetken `em Oke`elk`c Mkslcbsura Ebea.

Ktai ;@.   Lbetrbcs `em Zrblamuras Zrblamuras Av`cu`tkbe bo Mkslcbsura Lbetrbcs `em Zrblamuras ]fa Lbip`ey‛s i`e`naiaet, wktf tfa p`rtklkp`tkbe bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s prkelkp`c axalutkva booklar `em prkelkp`c oke`elk`c booklar, f`s av`cu`tam tfa aooaltkvaeass bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s mkslcbsura lbetrbcs `em prblamuras (`s sulf tari ks maokeam ke Tucas 0<`-01(a) `em 01m-01(a) uemar tfa Axlf`ena @lt) `s bo tfa aem bo tfa parkbm lbvaram dy tfks rapbrt. D`sam be sulf av`cu`tkbe, tfa Lbip`ey‛s prkelkp`c axalutkva booklar `em prkelkp`c oke`elk`c booklar f`va lbelcumam tf`t, `s bo tfa aem bo sulf parkbm, tfa Lbip`ey‛s mkslcbsura lbetrbcs `em prblamuras wara aooaltkva.

I`e`naiaet‛s Tapbrt be Ketare`c Lbetrbc Bvar Oke`elk`c Tapbrtken ]fa Lbip`ey‛s i`e`naiaet i`e`naiaet ks raspbeskdca raspbeskdca obr ast`dcksfken ast`dcksfken `em i`ket`keken `maqu`ta `maqu`ta ketare ketare`c `c lbetrb lbetrbcc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken `s maokeam ke Tucas 0<`-01(o) `em 01m-01(o) uemar tfa Axlf`ena @lt. Qemar tfa suparvkskbe `em wktf tfa p`rtklkp`tkbe bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s i`e`naiaet, kelcumken kts prkelkp`c axalutkva booklar `em prkelkp`c oke`elk`c booklar, tfa Lbip`ey lbemultam `e av`cu`tkbe bo tfa aooaltkvaeass bo kts ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken d`sam be lrktark` ast`dcksfam ke tfa or`iawbrh ke  Ketare`c Lbetrbc ” Ketanr Ketanr`tam `tam Or`iawbrh  kssuam   kssuam dy tfa Lbi Lbiikt ikttaa taa bo \pbesb \pb esbrke rken nlcumam Brn`ek Brn z`tkbe bo are`c tfa`c ]ra ]ra`mw `mw`y Lbiiks Lbi iksskb skbe. e. rap D`sam D`s amken be w`s tfks aoo av`cu` av` cu`tkb tkbe, e, Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s i`e`na i`e `naiae iaet t lbe lbelcu mam`ekz`t tf`t tf` t kbes ktss ket ketare lbetrb lbe trbcc`ybva bvar r oke oke`el `elk`c k`c rapbrt brtken aooalt altkva kva `s tfa bo  Malaidar <0, 4::6. Dal`usaa bo kts kef Dal`us kefara araet et cki ckikt` kt`tkb tkbes, es, keta ketare` re`cc lbe lbetrb trbcc bva bvarr oke` oke`elk elk`c `c rap rapbrt brtken ken i`y ebt pra pravae vaett br mat matalt alt `cc iksst`taiaets. @csb, prbgaltkbes bo `ey av`cu`tkbe bo aooaltkvaeass tb outura parkbms `ra sudgalt tb tfa rksh tf`t lbetrbcs i`y dalbia ke`maqu`ta dal`usa bo lf`enas ke lbemktkbes, br tf`t tfa manraa bo lbipck`ela wktf tfa pbcklkas br prblamuras i`y matarkbr`ta. ]fa Lbip`ey‛s kemapaemaet kemapaemaet rankstaram rankstaram pudckl `llbuetken `llbuetken okri f`s kssuam `e `ttast `ttast`tkbe `tkbe rapbrt ran`rmken kts `ssassiaet bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken `s bo Malaidar <0, 4::6, wfklf `ppa`rs be p`na 11.

Lf`enas ke Ketare`c Lbetrbc Bvar Oke`elk`c Tapbrtken ]fara f`va ebt daae `ey lf`enas ke tfa Lbip`ey‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken (`s sulf tari ks maokeam ke Tucas 0<`-01(o) `em 01m-01(o) uemar tfa Axlf`ena @lt) murken tfa ibst ralaet oksl`c qu`rtar tf`t f`va i`tark`ccy `ooaltam, br `ra ra`sbe`dcy ckhacy tb i`tark`ccy `ooalt, tfa Lbip`ey‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken.

Ktai ;D.   Btfar Keobri`tkbe @mbptkbe bo Axalutkva Kelaetkva Zc`e Be Oad Oadru` ru`ry ry 41, 4:: 4::;, ;, tfa Lbi Lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe Lbi Lbiikt ikttaa taa `pp `pprbv rbvam am ` eaw `eeu`c `eeu`c l`s l`sf f dbe dbeus us pc` pc`e e obr sae saekbr kbr axalutkvas bo tfa Lbip`ey, tfa [`fbb! Axalutkva Kelaetkva Zc`e (tfa –AKZ’). A`lf p`rtklkp`et ke tfa AKZ ks `sskneam ` t`rnat dbeus parlaet`na a`lf ya`r tf`t ks axprassam `s ` parlaet`na bo tfa p`rtklkp`et‛s `eeu`c d`sa s`c`ry. ]fa `nnran`ta dbeus pbbc `v`kc`dca uemar tfa AKZ obr ` p`rtkluc`r ya`r wkcc aqu`c tfa `nnran`ta `ibuet bo  tfa p`rtklkp`ets‛ t`rnat dbeus bppbrtuektkas, iuctkpckam dy ` o`ltbr (tfa –Ouemken Zarlaet`na’) tf`t i`y r`ena orbi 1: parlaet tb 4:: parlaet d`sam be [`fbb!‛s bpar`tken l`sf ocbw (`s maokeam ke tfa AKZ) rasucts obr tf`t ya`r `s ` parlaet`na bo `e bpar`tken l`sf ocbw t`rnat sat dy tfa Lbipaes`tkbe Lbiikttaa obr tfa ya`r. @e kemkvkmu`c p`rtkl p`r tklkp` kp`et‛ et‛ss dbe dbeus us wkc wkccc da d`s d`sam am >: par parlae laett be Lbi Lbip`e p`ey y par parobr obri`e i`ela la `em <: par parlae laett d`s d`sam am be kem kemkvk kvkmu` mu`cc

004

 

par parobri obri`el `ela. a. ]fa kem kemkvk kvkmu` mu`cc par parobri obri`el `elaa lbi lbipbe pbeaet aet bo ` p`r p`rtkl tklkp` kp`et‛s et‛s dbe dbeus us wkc wkccc da mat matari arikea keam m dy tfa Lbipaes`tkb Lbipae s`tkbe e Lbiikt Lbiikttaa taa wktf raspa raspalt lt tb axalu axalutkva tkva booklars bo tfa Lbip`ey `em dy i`e`naiaet wktf raspalt tb tfa btfar p`rtklkp`ets ke tfa AKZ, axlapt tf`t ke eb avaet wkcc tfa tbt`c `ibuet bo dbeusas p`km uemar tfa AKZ obr ` p`rtkluc`r ya`r axlaam tfa `nnran`ta dbeus pbbc obr tf`t ya`r. @ p`rtklkp`et naear`ccy iust rai`ke aipcbyam dy tfa Lbip`ey uetkc AKZ dbeusas `ra `ltu`ccy `ltu`ccy p`km ke brmar tb da acknkd acknkdca ca obr ` dbeus. ]fa obccbwken t`dca sats obrtf tfa 4::; t`rnat dbeus parlaet`na, axprassam `s ` parlaet`na bo tfa p`rtklkp`et‛s `eeu`c d`s `eeu`c d`saa s`c s`c`ry `ry,, obr tfa Lbi Lbip`e p`ey‛s y‛s prk prkelk elkp`c p`c axa axalut lutkva kva book booklar lar,, prk prkelk elkp`c p`c oke oke`el `elk`c k`c book booklar lar,, `em tfa btf btfar ar axalutkva booklars wfb wara e`iam ke tfa \uii`ry Lbipaes`tkbe ]`dca bo tfa Lbip`ey‛s Zrbxy \t`taiaet okcam wktf tfa \AL be Guea ;, 4::6 `em `ra lurraetcy lurraetcy aipcbyam dy tfa Lbip`e Lbip`ey7 y7 E`ia `em Zrkelkp`c Zbsktkbe

4::; ]`rnat Dbeus (% bo D`sa \`c`ry)

L`rbc D`rtz Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar

4::%

Garry [`en Lfkao [`fbb

*

\us`e Malhar Zraskmaet

*

Dc`ha Gbrnaesae Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar

*

Iklf`ac G. L`cc`f`e Axalutkva _kla Zraskmaet, Naear`c Lbuesac `em \alrat`ry

>1%

Iklf`ac @. Iurr`y \aekbr _kla Zraskmaet, Oke`ela `em Lfkao @llbuetken Booklar

1:%

*

Ir. [`en, [`en, Is. Malhar Malhar `em Ir. Ir. Gbrnaesae Gbrnaesae wkcc wkcc ebt p`rtklkp`t p`rtklkp`taa ke tfa AKZ.

I`e`naiaet Lf`ena Be G`e G`eu`r u`ry y 0<, 4:: 4::;, ;, wa `ee `eebue buelam lam tf`t \ua Mal Malhar har kem kemkl` kl`tam tam sfa wbucm ras raskne kne `ot `otar ar ` tr` tr`esk esktkb tkbe e par parkbm kbm.. Is. Malhar‛s m`ta bo raskne`tkbe wkcc da @prkc 0, 4::;.

Z`rt KKK Ktai 0:.   Mkraltbrs, Axalutkva Booklars `em Lbrpbr`ta Nbvare`ela ]fa keobri`tkbe raqukram dy tfks ktai ks kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela tb [`fbb!‛s Zrbxy \t`taiaet obr kts 4::; @eeu`c Iaatken bo \tblhfbcmars tb da okcam wktf tfa \AL wktfke 04: m`ys `otar tfa aem bo tfa oksl`c ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6. Ktai 00.   Axalutkva Lbipaes`tkbe ]fa keobri`tkbe raqukram dy tfks ktai ks kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela tb [`fbb!‛s Zrbxy \t`taiaet obr kts 4::; @eeu`c Iaatken bo \tblhfbcmars tb da okcam wktf tfa \AL wktfke 04: m`ys `otar tfa aem bo tfa oksl`c ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6. I`e`naiaet `em Tac`tam \tblhfbcmar Ktai 04.   \alurkty Bwearsfkp bo Lart`ke Daeaoklk`c Bwears `em I`e`naiaet  I`ttars

]fa keobri`tkbe raqukram dy tfks ktai ks kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela tb [`fbb!‛s Zrbxy \t`taiaet obr kts 4::; @eeu`c Iaatken bo \tblhfbcmars tb da okcam wktf tfa \AL wktfke 04: m`ys `otar tfa aem bo tfa oksl`c ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6.

00<

 

Ktai 0<.   Lart`ke Tac`tkbesfkps `em Tac`tam ]r`es`ltkbes, `em Mkraltbr Kemapaemaela ]fa keobri`tkbe raqukram dy tfks ktai ks kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela tb [`fbb!‛s Zrbxy \t`taiaet obr kts 4::; @eeu`c Iaatken bo \tblhfbcmars tb da okcam wktf tfa \AL wktfke 04: m`ys `otar tfa aem bo tfa oksl`c ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6.

Ktai 0=.   Zrkelkp`c @llbuet`et Oaas `em \arvklas ]fa keobri`tkbe raqukram dy tfks ktai ks kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela tb [`fbb!‛s Zrbxy \t`taiaet obr kts 4::; @eeu`c Iaatken bo \tblhfbcmars tb da okcam wktf tfa \AL wktfke 04: m`ys `otar tfa aem bo tfa oksl`c ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6.

Z`rt K_ Ktai 01.   Axfkdkts `em Oke`elk`c \t`taiaet \lfamucas (`) ]fa obccbwken mbluiaets `ra okcam `s p`rt bo tfks rapbrt7 0.  Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets7 Z`na

 Kemax ]b ] b Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets

Lbesbckm`tam Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets7 Tapbrt Tap brt bo bo Kemapa Kemapaema emaet et Tanks Tankstar taram am Zudck Zudckll @llbue @llbuetke tken n Okri Okri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo Kelbia obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbesbc Lbe sbckm` km`tam tam D`c` D`c`ela ela \faa \faats ts `s bo bo Malaid Malaidar ar <0, <0, 4::> 4::> `em 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo L`sf Ocbws obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lbesbckm`tam \t`taiaets bo \tblhfbcmars‛ Aqukty obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ebtas Ebt as tb Lbe Lbesbc sbckm` km`tam tam Oke` Oke`elk elk`c `c \t`ta \t`taiae iaets ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11 1? 1> 16 ?: ?4

4.  Oke`elk`c \t`taiaet \lfamucas7 Oke`elk`c \t`taiaet \lfamucas7 KK”_`cu`tkbe `em Pu`ckoyken @llbuets obr a`lf bo tfa tfraa ya`rs ke tfa parkbm aemam Mala Ma laid idar ar <0, <0, 4::6 4::6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @cc btfar slfamucas `ra bikttam dal`usa tfay `ra ebt `ppckl`dca br tfa raqukram keobri`tkbe ks sfbwe ke tfa Lbesbckm`t Lbesbckm`tam am Oke`elk`c Oke`elk`c \t`taiaets \t`taiaets br Ebtas Ebtas tfaratb tfaratb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \uppcaiaet`ry Oke`elk`c M`t`7 \acaltam \acalt am Pu`rtarcy Pu`rtarcy Oke`el Oke`elk`c k`c M`t` M`t` (ue`umkta (ue`umktam) m) obr tfa tfa twb ya`rs aemam Malai Malaidar dar <0, <0, 4::6 . . . . . . . .

00: 00 :

000

<.  Axfkdkts7 ]fa ax ]fa axfk fkdk dkts ts ck ckst stam am ke tf tfaa Ax Axfk fkdk dktt Kem Kemax ax (ob (obcc ccbw bwke ken n tf tfaa sk skne ne`t `tur uras as p` p`na na bo tf tfks ks ra rapb pbrt rt)) `r `raa okc okcam am wk wktf tf,, br kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela ke, tfks rapbrt.

00=

 

\kne`turas Zursu`et tb tfa raqukraiaets bo \altkbe 0< br 01(m) bo tfa \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt bo 0;<=, tfa Tankstr`et f`s mucy l`usam tfks rapbrt tb da skneam be kts daf`co dy tfa uemarskneam, tfarauetb mucy `utfbrkzam, be tfa 4>tf m`y bo Oadru`ry 4::;. [@FBB! KEL. Dy7

/s/

DC@HA  G BTNAE\AE Dc`ha Gbrnaesae Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar (Zrkelkp`c Oke`elk`c Booklar)

Zbwar bo @ttbreay HEB^ @CC ZAT\BE\ D[ ]FA\A ZTA\AE]\, tf`t a`lf parsbe wfbsa skne`tura `ppa`rs dacbw lbestktutas `em `ppbkets L`rbc D`rtz `em Dc`ha Gbrnaesae, fks br far `ttbreays-ke-o`lt, a`lf wktf tfa pbwar bo sudstktutkbe, obr fki br far ke `ey `em `cc l`p`lktkas, tb skne `ey `iaemiaets tb tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H `em tb okca tfa s`ia, wktf Axfkdkts tfaratb `em btfar mbluiaets ke lbeealtkbe tfarawktf wktf tfa \alurktkas `em Axlf`ena Lbiiksskbe, farady r`tkoyken `em lbeokriken `cc tf`t a`lf bo s`km `ttbreays-ke-o`lt, br sudstktuta br sudstktutas i`y mb br l`usa tb da mbea dy vkrtua farabo. Zursu`et tb tfa raqukraiaets bo tfa \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt bo 0;<=, tfks rapbrt f`s daae skneam dacbw dy tfa obccbwken parsbes be daf`co bo tfa Tankstr`et `em ke tfa l`p`lktkas `em be tfa m`tas kemkl`tam7

 / \ /

\kne`tura

]ktca

M`ta

L@TBC D @T]W

Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar `em Mkraltbr (Zrkelkp`c Axalutkva Booklar)

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar (Zrkelkp`c Oke`elk`c Booklar)

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Iklf`ac Iurr`y

\aekbr _kla Zraskmaet, Oke`ela `em Lfkao @llbuetken Booklar (Zrkelkp`c @llbuetken Booklar)

TB[ D B\]BLH

Lf`k Lf `kri ri`e `e bo tf tfaa Db` b`rm rm

Oadr Oa dru` u`ry ry 4> 4>,, 4: 4::; :;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

L`rbc D`rtz

 / \ /

DC@HA  G BTNAE\AE Dc`ha Gbrnaesae

 / \ /

IKLF@AC  I QTT@[

 / \ /

Tby Dbstblh

 / \ /

OT@EH  D KBEMK Or`eh Dkbemk

 / \ /

TBE@CM D QTHCA Tbe`cm Durhca

 / \ /

GBFE L F@ZZCA Gbfe Lf`ppca

 / \ /

ATKL F KZZA@Q Arkl Fkppa`u

001

 

\kne`tura

]ktca

M`ta

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Mkraltbr

Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

L`rc Kl`fe

 / \ /

_[BIA\F  G B\FK _ybiasf Gbsfk

 / \ /

@T]FQT  HATE @rtfur Hare

 / \ /

I@T[ @NEA\ ^ KCMATB]]AT I`ry @neas ^kcmarbttar

 / \ /

N@T[ ^KC\BE N`ry ^kcsbe

 / \ /

GATT[  [@EN Garry [`en

00?

 

AVFKDK] KEMAV ]fa obccbwken axfkdkts `ra kelcumam, br kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela, ke tfks @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H (`em `ra euidaram ke `llbrm`ela wktf Ktai ?:0 bo Tanuc`tkbe \-H). Zursu`et tb Ktai ?:0(`)(4) bo Tanuc`tkbe \-H, tfks axfkdkt kemax kiiamk`tacy pralamas tfa axfkdkts. Axfkdkt Euidar

Maslrkptkbe

4.0 4. 0

\tblh \tbl h Zur Zurlf lf`s `saa `em `em Lb Lbet etrk rkdu dutk tkbe be @n @nra raai aiae aet, t, m` m`ta tam m `s `s bo bo @un @unus ustt 0:, 0:, 4: 4::1 :1,, dy dy `em `em da datw twaa aae e [`fbb! Kel. `em @ckd`d`.lbi Lbrpbr`tkbe (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 4.0 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Lurraet Tapbrt be Obri 6-H, okcam @unust 0?, 4::1 `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

4.4 4. 4

@iaemi @iae miae aett tb tf tfaa \tb \tblh lh Zu Zurl rlf` f`sa sa `e `em m Lb Lbet etrk rkdu dutk tkbe be @n @nra raai aiae aet, t, m` m`ta tam m `s bo Bl Bltb tbda darr 4= 4=,, 4: 4::1 :1,, dy `em datwaae [`fbb! Kel. `em @ckd`d`.lbi Lbrpbr`tkbe (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 4.4 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Lurraet Tapbrt be Obri 6-H, okcam Bltbdar 4>, 4::1 Xtfa Bltbdar 4>, 4::1 Obri 6-HY `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

4.< 4. <

]`b D` ]`b D`b b \f \f`r `raa Zu Zurl rlf` f`sa sa @n @nra raai aiae aet, t, m` m`ta tam m `s bo Bl Bltb tbda darr 4= 4=,, 4: 4::1 :1,, dy `e `em m `i `ibe ben n [` [`fb fbb! b! Kel Kel., ., \BO]D@EH LBTZ. `em \D ]D Fbcmken Ckiktam (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 4.< tb tfa Bltbdar 4>, 4::1 Obri 6-H `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

4.= 4. =

\albem \alb em`r `ry y \f \f`r `raa Zu Zurl rlf` f`sa sa @n @nra raai aiae aet, t, m` m`ta tam m `s bo Bl Bltb tbda darr 4= 4=,, 4: 4::1 :1,, dy `e `em m `i `ibe ben n [` [`fb fbb! b! Kel Kel.. `em lart`ke sf`rafbcmars bo @ckd`d`.lbi Lbrpbr`tkbe (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 4.= tb tfa Bltbdar 4>,

4.1 4. 1

4::1 Obri 6-H `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) \f`r \f `raf afbc bcma mars rs @n @nra raai aiae aet, t, m` m`ta tam m `s bo Bl Bltb tbda darr 4= 4=,, 4: 4::1 :1,, dy `e `em m `i `ibe ben n @c @ckd` kd`d` d`.l .lbi bi Lb Lbrp rpbr br`t `tkb kbe, e, [`fbb!! Kel., \BO]D@EH LBTZ., tfa I`e`n [`fbb I`e`naiaet aiaet Iaidars, `em tfa btfar sf`ra sf`rafbcma fbcmars rs e`iam tfarak tfa rake e (Okc (Okcam am `s Axf Axfkdk kdktt 4.1 tb tfa Bltbdar Bltbdar 4>, 4::1 Obr Obri i 6-H `em kel kelbrp brpbr` br`tam tam farake dy raoaraela.)

<.0 <. 0

@iaema @iae mam m `em `em Ta Tast st`t `tam am La Lart rtko kokl kl`t `taa bo bo Kel Kelbr brpb pbr` r`tk tkbe be bo Ta Tank nkst str` r`et et (O (Okc kcam am `s Ax Axfk fkdk dktt <.0 <.0 tb tf tfaa Tankstr`et‛s Pu`rtarcy Tapbrt be Obri 0:-P obr tfa qu`rtar aemam Guea <:, 4::: `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

<.4 <. 4

@iaema @iae mam m Dyc Dyc`w `wss bo bo Tan Tanks kstr tr`e `ett (Okc (Okcam am `s Ax Axfk fkdk dktt <.0 <.0 tb tf tfaa Tan Tanks kstr tr`e `et‛ t‛ss Lur Lurra raet et Ta Tapb pbrt rt be Obri 6-H, okcam Oadru`ry ?, 4::; `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

=.0 =. 0

@iaema @iae mam m `e `em m Ta Tast st`t `tam am Tk Tknf nfts ts @n @nra raai aiae aet, t, m` m`ta tam m `s bo @p @prk rkcc 0, 4: 4::1 :1,, dy `e `em m da datw twaa aae e [` [`fb fbb! b! Kel Kel.. `em Aquksarva ]rust Lbip`ey, E.@., `s rknfts `naet (Okcam `s Axfkdkt =.0 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Lurraet Tapbrt be Obri 6-H, okcam @prkc =, 4::1 `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.0+ 0:. 0+

Obri bo Kem Obri Kemaie aiekok kokl`t l`tkbe kbe @nr @nraai aaiaet aet wkt wktf f lar lart`k t`ke e bo tfa Tan Tankst kstr`e r`et‛s t‛s book booklar larss `em mkr mkralt altbrs brs (Ok (Okcam cam `s Axfkdkt 0:.0 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Lurraet Tapbrt be Obri 6-H okcam be I`rlf 44, 4::? `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.4 0: .4(@ (@)+ )+

[`fbb! [`fb b! Kel. Kel. @iaem @iaemam am `em `em Tast` Tast`ta tam m 0;;1 0;;1 \tblh \tblh Zc`e Zc`e (Okc (Okcam am `s @eea @eeax x @ tb tfa Tanks Tankstr tr`e `et‛ t‛ss maokektkva prbxy st`taiaet okcam be @prkc <:, 4::>) `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.4 0: .4(D (D)+ )+

Obri bo \tblh Obri \tblh Bptk Bptkbe be @nra @nraai aiae aett uemar uemar [`fbb [`fbb!! Kel. Kel. @iaem @iaemam am `em `em Tast` Tast`ta tam m 0;;1 0;;1 \tblh \tblh Zc`e Zc`e (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.4<(@) tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Pu`rtarcy Tapbrt be Obri 0:-P obr tfa qu`rtar aemam Guea <:, 4::> Xtfa Guea <:, 4::> 0:-PY `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.4 0: .4(L (L)+ )+

Obri bo Tastrk Obri Tastrklt ltam am \tblh \tblh @w`rm @w`rm @nraa @nraaia iaet et uemar uemar [`fb [`fbb! b! Kel Kel.. @iaem @iaemam am `em `em Tast` Tast`ta tam m 0;;1 \tblh Zc`e (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.4<(D) tb tfa Guea <:, 4::> 0:-P `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.4(M 0:. 4(M)+ )+

Obri bo Tast Obri Tastrkl rkltam tam \tbl \tblh h Qekt Qekt @w`rm @w`rm @nr @nraai aaiaet aet uem uemar ar tfa tfa [`fb [`fbb! b! Kel. Kel. @iae @iaemam mam `em Tas Tast`t t`tam am 0;;1 \tblh Zc`e (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.4<(L) tb tfa Guea <:, 4::> 0:-P `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

00>

 

Axfkdkt Euidar

0:.4(A 0:. 4(A)+ )+

0:.4(O) 0:. 4(O)+* +* 0:.4(N)+* 0:.4(N )+* 0:.4(F)+* 0:.4(F )+* 0:.4 0: .4(K) (K)+* +* 0:.< 0: .<(@ (@)+ )+

0:.<(D 0:. <(D)+ )+

0:.=(@ 0:. =(@)+ )+ 0:.=(D 0:. =(D)+ )+

0:.= 0: .=(L (L)+ )+

0:.1 0: .1

0:.? 0: .?

0:.> 0: .> 0:.6 0: .6

0:.; 0: .;

0:.0: 0:. 0:

0:.00+ 0:. 00+

Maslrkptkbe

Obri bo \tb Obri \tblh lh @ppr @ppralk alk`tk `tkbe be Tknf Tknfts ts @w`r @w`rm m @nraa @nraaiae iaett uemar uemar [`f [`fbb! bb! Kel Kel.. @iaem @iaemam am `em `em Tast Tast`ta `tam m 0;;1 \tblh Zc`e (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.4<(M) tb tfa Guea <:, 4::> 0:-P `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) Obri Obr i bo Axalut Axalutkva kva Kelae Kelaetkva tkva Ebtk Ebtkla la bo \tblh \tblh Bptk Bptkbe be Nr`et Nr`et `em `em \tblh \tblh Bptkbe Bptkbe @w`r @w`rm m @nraai @nraaiaet aet uemar [`fbb! Kel. @iaemam `em Tast`tam 0;;1 \tblh Zc`e. Obri bo Axalutk Axalutkva va Kelaetk Kelaetkva va Tastrk Tastrkltam ltam \tblh Qekt @w`rm @nraa @nraaiaet iaet (tkia(tkia-d`sam d`sam vastk vastken) en) uemar uemar [`fbb! Kel. @iaemam `em Tast`tam 0;;1 \tblh Zc`e. Obri bo Axalut Axalutkva kva Kelaet Kelaetkva kva Zarobri Zarobri`ela `ela Tastrk Tastrkltam ltam \tblh Qekt @w`rm @nraai @nraaiaet aet (]\T varskb varskbe) e) uemar [`fbb! Kel. @iaemam `em Tast`tam 0;;1 \tblh Zc`e. Obri Ob ri bo Ax Axal alut utkv kvaa Ke Kela laetk etkva va Zarobr Zarobri` i`el elaa Ta Tast strk rklt ltam am \tblh \tblh Qe Qekt kt @w`rm @w`rm @n @nra raai aiae aett (B (BLO LO varskbe) uemar [`fbb! Kel. @iaemam `em Tast`tam 0;;1 \tblh Zc`e. [`fb [` fbb! b! Ke Kel. l. @ia iaem emam am `e `em m Ta Tasst` t`ta tam m 0; 0;;? ;? Ai Aipc pcby byaaa \t \tbl blh h Zu Zurl rlf` f`ssa Zc Zc``e (O (Okc kcam am `s Axfk Ax fkdk dktt 0: 0:.< .<(@ (@)) tb tf tfaa Ta Tank nkst str` r`et et‛s ‛s @e @eeu eu`c `c Ta Tapb pbrt rt be Ob Obri ri 0: 0:-H -H ob obrr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Malaidar <0, 4::> Xtfa Malaidar <0, 4::> 0:-HY `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) Obri Obr i bo Aerb Aerbccia cciaet et @nraa @nraaiae iaett uemar uemar [`fb [`fbb! b! Kel. Kel. @iae @iaemam mam `em Tas Tast`t t`tam am 0;;? 0;;? Aip Aipcby cbyaa aa \tbl \tblh  h  Zurlf`sa Zc`e (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.<(D) tb tfa Malaidar <0, 4::> 0:-H `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) [`fbb! [`f bb! Kel. Kel. @iae @iaemam mam `em Tast Tast`ta `tam m 0;;? 0;;? Mkral Mkraltbr tbrs‛ s‛ \tblh \tblh Zc` Zc`e e (Okcam (Okcam `s Axfk Axfkdkt dkt 0:.= 0:.=(@) (@) tb tfa tfa Malaidar <0, 4::> 0:-H `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) Obri Obr i bo Ebtk Ebtkla la bo \tb \tblh lh Bptk Bptkbe be Nr`e Nr`ett `em `em Mkralt Mkraltbr br Ebest Ebest`tu `tutbr tbry y \tblh \tblh Bptk Bptkbe be @nra @nraaia aiaet et (Okca (Okcam m `s Axfkdkt 0:.4 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Lurraet Tapbrt be Obri 6-H okcam be Guea 0, 4::? Xtfa Guea 0, 4::? Obri 6-HY `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) Obri Ob ri bo Ebtkl Ebtklaa bo Tastr Tastrkl klta tam m \tblh \tblh Qekt Qekt Nr`et Nr`et `em Mkral Mkraltb tbrr Tastr Tastrkl klta tam m \tblh \tblh Qekt Qekt @w`rm @w`rm @nraaiaet (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.< tb tfa Guea 0, 4::? Obri 6-H `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) Gbke Gb kett _a _aet etura ura @n @nra raai aiae aett m` m`ta tam m @p @prk rkcc 0, 0; 0;;? ;? dy `e `em m da datw twaa aae e tf tfaa Ta Tank nkst str` r`et et `e `em m \B \BO] O]D@ D@EH EH Lbrpbr`tkbe (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.> tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s @eeu`c Tapbrt be Obri 0:-H obr tfa ya`r aemam Malaidar <0, 4::4 Xtfa Malaidar <0, 4::4 0:-HY `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) [`fb [` fbb! b! G` G`p` p`e e Ck Ckla laes esaa @n @nra raai aiae aett m` m`ta tam m @p @prk rkcc 0, 0; 0;;? ;? dy `e `em m da datw twaa aae e tf tfaa Ta Tank nkst str` r`et et `e `em m [` [`fb fbb! b! G`p`e Lbrpbr`tkbe (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.=< tb @iaemiaet Eb. 4 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Tankstr`tkbe \t`t \t `tai aiae aett be Ob Obri ri \\-<, <, Ta Tank nkst str` r`tk tkbe be Eb Eb.. << <<<<-0: 0::4 :4;6 ;6,, ok okca cam m be Ma Mala laid idar ar 4< 4<,, 4: 4::4 :4 `e `em m kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) @iaemi @iae miae aett @n @nra raai aiae aett m` m`ta tam m \a \apt ptai aida darr 0> 0>,, 0; 0;;> ;> dy `e `em m da datw twaa aae e Ta Tank nkst str` r`et et `e `em m \B \BO] O]D@ D@EH EH Lbrpbr`tkbe (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.00 tb tfa Malaidar <0, 4::4 0:-H `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) @iae @i aemi miae aett tb [` [`fb fbb! b! G` G`p` p`e e Ck Ckla laes esaa @n @nra raai aiae aett m` m`ta tam m \a \apt ptai aida darr 0> 0>,, 0; 0;;> ;> dy `e `em m da datw twaa aae e tf tfaa Tankstr`et `em [`fbb! G`p`e Lbrpbr`tkbe (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.=: tb @iaemiaet Eb. 0 bo tfa Tankst Tan kstr`e r`et‛s t‛s Tan Tankst kstr`t r`tkbe kbe \t` \t`tai taiaet aet be Obr Obri i \-<, Tan Tankst kstr`tk r`tkbe be Eb. <<< <<<-0:: -0::4;6 4;6,, okca okcam m be Ebvaidar 4>, 4::4 `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) Lbe besa saet et `em `em Tas Tas``ca @nr @nraa aaia iaet et m`t m`tam am `s `s bo I`r I`rlf lf 41, 41, 4:: 4::4, 4, dat datw waa aae e tfa tfa Tank Tanksstr tr``et `em `em \BO]D@EH Lbrp. (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.=: tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Pu`rtarcy Tapbrt be Obri 0:-P obr tfa qu`rtar aemam I`rlf <0, 4::4 `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) ^`kvar ^`k var `em _bt _btken ken @nr @nraai aaiaet aet dat datwaa waae e tfa Tan Tankst kstr`e r`ett `em \BO \BO]D@ ]D@EH EH Lbr Lbrp. p. m`t m`tam am Oad Oadru` ru`ry ry 4?, 4::= (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.<6 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Pu`rtarcy Tapbrt be Obri 0:-P obr tfa qu`rtar aemam I`rlf <0, 4::= `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.) Aipcby Aip cbyiae iaett Catt Cattar, ar, m`t m`tam am Blt Bltbda bdarr 4;, 4:: 4::=, =, dat datwaa waae e tfa Tan Tankst kstr`e r`ett `em Ikl Iklf`a f`acc Iur Iurr`y r`y (Ok (Okcam cam `s Ax Axfk fkdk dktt 0: 0:.4 .4; ; tb tf tfaa Ta Tank nkst str` r`et et‛s ‛s @e @eeu eu`c `c Ta Tapb pbrt rt be Ob Obri ri 0: 0:-H -H ob obrr tf tfaa ya ya`r `r ae aema mam m Malaidar <0, 4::= Xtfa Malaidar <0, 4::= 0:-HY `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

006

 

Axfkdkt Euidar

Maslrkptkbe

0:.0 0: .04 4

@iaemi @iae miae aett Eb. Eb. 4 tb tb [`f [`fbb bb!! G`p G`p`e `e Ck Ckla laes esaa @nr @nraa aaia iaet et m` m`ta tam m G`e G`eu` u`ry ry <0 <0,, 4:: 4::1 1 dy `e `em m da datw twaa aae e tfa Tankstr`et `em [`fbb! G`p`e Lbrpbr`tkbe (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.<: tb tfa Malaidar <0, 4::= 0:-H `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.0<+ 0:. 0<+* *

\uii`r \ui i`ry y bo Lbi Lbipae paes`t s`tkbe kbe Z`y Z`y`dc `dcaa tb E`i E`iam am Axa Axalut lutkva kva Boo Bookla klars. rs.

0:.0 0: .0=+ =+

Booarr Catt Booa Cattar ar,, m`ta m`tam m `s bo bo I`y I`y 0=, 0=, 4::> 4::>,, datw datwaa aae e tfa tfa Tank Tankst str` r`et et `em `em Dc` Dc`ha ha Gbr Gbrna naes esae ae (Ok (Okca cam m `s Axfk Ax fkdk dktt 0: 0:.0 .0 tb tf tfaa Ta Tank nkst str` r`et‛ et‛ss Lu Lurr rrae aett Ta Tapb pbrt rt be Ob Obri ri 6-H ok okca cam m be I` I`y y 01 01,, 4: 4::> :> `e `em m kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.01+ 0:. 01+* *

[`fbb! Kel [`fbb! Kel.. Lf`e Lf`ena na ke ke Lbetr Lbetrbc bc Aipc Aipcbya byaaa \avar \avar`el `elaa Zc`e Zc`e obr obr Cava Cavacc K `em `em Cava Cavacc KK Aip Aipcby cbyaas aas,, `s `iaemam be Malaidar 0:, 4::6.

0:.0 0: .0? ?

@nraai @nra aiae aet, t, m` m`ta tam m Guc Gucy y 40, 40, 4: 4::6 :6,, dy dy `em `em `i `ibe ben n [`f [`fbb bb!! Kel Kel., ., Kl Kl`f `fe e Z`r Z`rte tear arss CZ, CZ, Kl Kl`f `fe e Z`r Z`rte tear arss I`star Ouem CZ, Kl`fe Z`rtears I`star Ouem KK C.Z., Kl`fe Z`rtears I`star Ouem KKK C.Z., Fknf Tkvar Ckiktam Z`rtearsfkp `em L`rc L. Kl`fe. (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.0 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Lurraet Tapbrt be Obri 6-H okcam Gucy 40, 4::6 `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.0>(@)+ 0:.0>(@ )+

Aipcbyiaet @nraai Aipcbyiaet @nraaiaet aet Cattar, Cattar, m`tam G`eu` G`eu`ry ry 0<, 0<, 4::;, 4::;, datwaa datwaae e tfa tfa Tankstr` Tankstr`et et `em `em L`rbc L`rbc D`rtz (Okcam `s Axfkdkt 0:.0 tb tfa Tankstr`et‛s Lurraet Tapbrt be Obri 6-H okcam G`eu`ry 01, 4::; `em kelbrpbr`tam farake dy raoaraela.)

0:.0>(D)+* 0:.0>(D )+*

Ebtklaa bo \tblh Ebtkl \tblh Bptkbe Bptkbe Nr`et, Nr`et, m`tam m`tam G`eu`ry G`eu`ry <:, 4::;, 4::;, datwaae datwaae tfa Tankstr` Tankstr`et et `em L`rbc L`rbc D`rtz. D`rtz.

0:.0>(L)+* 0:.0>(L)+* 0:.0>(M 0:. 0>(M)+* )+*

\tblh Bptkbe @nraa @nraaiaet, iaet, m`tam m`tam G`eu`ry G`eu`ry <:, 4::;, 4::;, datwaae datwaae tfa Tankstr` Tankstr`et et `em L`rbc D`rtz. Tastrk Tas trklta ltam m \tbl \tblh h @w` @w`rm rm @nraaiae @nraaiaet, t, m`tam G`eu`ry G`eu`ry <:, 4::;, datwaae datwaae tfa Tankstr Tankstr`et `et `em L`rbc L`rbc D`rtz.

0:.0>(A)+* 0:.0>(A )+*

Ebtkla bo Kelaetkva Kelaetkva \tblh \tblh Bptkbe Bptkbe Nr`et Nr`et `em \tblh Bptkbe Bptkbe @w`rm @w`rm @nraaia @nraaiaet, et, m`tam m`tam Oadru`ry Oadru`ry 41, 41, 4::;, datwaae tfa Tankstr`et `em L`rbc D`rtz.

0:.0>(O)+* 0:.0>(O )+*

Kelaetkva Tastrkl Kelaetkva Tastrkltam tam \tblh \tblh Qekt Qekt @w`rm @w`rm @nraaiaet @nraaiaet (tkia-d (tkia-d`sam `sam vastke vastken), n), m`tam m`tam Oadru`ry Oadru`ry 41, 4::;, 4::;, datwaae tfa Tankstr`et `em L`rbc D`rtz.

0:.0 0: .0>(N >(N)+* )+*

Kelaet Kela etkv kvaa Za Zaro robr bri` i`el elaa Ta Tast strk rklt ltam am \tb \tblh lh Qe Qekt kt @w @w`r `rm m @n @nra raai aiae aett (] (]\T \T va vars rskb kbe) e),, m` m`ta tam m Oadru`ry 41, 4::;, datwaae tfa Tankstr`et `em L`rbc D`rtz.

0:.0 0: .0>(F >(F)+* )+*

Kelaet Kela etkv kvaa Za Zaro robri bri`e `ela la Ta Tast strk rklt ltam am \t \tbl blh h Qe Qekt kt @w @w`r `rm m @n @nra raai aiae aett (B (BLO LO va vars rskbe kbe), ), m` m`ta tam m Oadru`ry 41, 4::;, datwaae tfa Tankstr`et `em L`rbc D`rtz.

0:.0 0: .06+ 6+* *

[`fb [` fbb! b! Ke Kel. l. Ax Axal alut utkv kvaa Ke Kela laet etkv kvaa Zc` Zc`e. e.

40.0* 4<.0 4< .0* *

Ckst bo \udskmk` k`rk rkaas. Lbes Lb esae aett bo Kem Kemap apae aema maet et Ta Tank nkst star aram am Zu Zudc dckl kl @l @llb lbue uetk tken en Ok Okri ri..

4=.0 4= .0

Zbwa Zb warr bo @t @ttb tbre reay ay (s (saa aa tf tfaa sk skne ne`t `tura ura p` p`na na bo tf tfks ks @e @eeu eu`c `c Ta Tapb pbrt rt be Obr Obri i 0: 0:-H -H.) .)

<0.0* <0. 0*

Lartkokl`t Lartkok l`taa bo Lfk Lfkao ao Axa Axalut lutkva kva Boo Bookla klarr Zur Zursu` su`et et tb \alurk \alurktka tkass Axl Axlf`e f`ena na @lt Tuc Tucas as 0<` 0<`-0= -0=(`) (`) `em 01m01 m-0= 0=(` (`)) `s @m @mbp bpta tam m Zu Zurs rsu` u`et et tb \a \alt ltkb kbe e <: <:4 4 bo tfa tfa \` \`rd rd`e `eas as-B -Bxc xcay ay @l @ltt bo 4: 4::4 :4,, m` m`ta tam m Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;.

<0.4 <0 .4* *

Lartkok Lartk okl` l`ta ta bo Lf Lfka kaoo Oke Oke`e `elk lk`c `c Bo Book okla larr Zur Zursu su`e `ett tb tb \ \al alurk urktk tkas as Ax Axlf lf`e `ena na @l @ltt T Tuc ucas as 0< 0<``-0= 0=(` (`)) `em `em 01m01 m-0= 0=(` (`)) `s @m @mbp bpta tam m Zu Zurs rsu` u`et et tb \a \alt ltkb kbe e <: <:4 4 bo tfa tfa \` \`rd rd`e `eas as-B -Bxc xcay ay @l @ltt bo 4: 4::4 :4,, m` m`ta tam m Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;.

<4* <4 *

Lartkok Lartk okl` l`ta ta bo Lf Lfka kaoo Ax Axal alut utkv kvaa Bo Book okla larr `e `em m Lf Lfka kaoo Ok Oke` e`el elk` k`cc Bo Book okla larr pu purs rsu` u`et et tb 06 Q. Q.\. \.L. L. \a \alt ltkb kbe e 0<1:, `s @mbptam Zursu`et tb \altkbe ;:? bo tfa \`rd`eas-Bxcay @lt bo 4::4, m`tam Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;.

* Okcam faraw farawktf. ktf. + Kemkl`tas ` i`e`naiaet lbetr`lt br lbipaes`tbry lbipaes`tbry pc`e br `rr`enaiaet.

00;

 

X]FK\ Z@NA KE]AE]KBE@CC[ CAO] DC@EHY

 

Axfkdkt <0.0 Lartkokl`tkbe bo Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar Zursu`et tb \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt Tucas 0<`-0=(`) `em 01m-0=(`) `s @mbptam Zursu`et tb \altkbe <:4 bo tfa \`rd`eas-Bxcay @lt bo 4::4 K, L`rbc D`rtz, lartkoy tf`t7 0. K f`va f`va ravkaw ravkawam am tfks Obri 0:-H bo [`fbb [`fbb!! Kel.8 Kel.8 4.

D`sam be be iy hebwcamna, hebwcamna, tfks tfks rapbrt mbas mbas ebt lbet`ke lbet`ke `ey uetrua uetrua st`taiaet st`taiaet bo ` i`tark`c i`tark`c o`lt br bikt bikt tb st`ta st`ta ` i`tark`c o`lt ealass`ry tb i`ha tfa st`taiaets i`ma, ke cknft bo tfa lkrluist`elas uemar wfklf sulf st`taiaets wara i`ma, ebt iksca`mken wktf raspalt tb tfa parkbm lbvaram dy tfks rapbrt8

<.

D`sam be iy hebwcam hebwcamna, na, tfa oke`elk`c oke`elk`c st`taiae st`taiaets, ts, `em btfar btfar oke`elk`c oke`elk`c keobri`tkbe keobri`tkbe kelcumam kelcumam ke tfks rapbrt, rapbrt, o`krcy prasaet ke `cc i`tark`c raspalts tfa oke`elk`c lbemktkbe, rasucts bo bpar`tkbes `em l`sf ocbws bo tfa rankstr`et `s bo, `em obr, tfa parkbms prasaetam ke tfks rapbrt8

=.

]fa rankstr`et‛s rankstr`et‛s btfar btfar lartkoyken lartkoyken booklar(s) booklar(s) `em K `ra raspbeskdca raspbeskdca obr ast`dcksf ast`dcksfken ken `em i`ket`keken i`ket`keken mkslcbsu mkslcbsura ra lbetrbcs `em prblamuras (`s maokeam ke Axlf`ena @lt Tucas 0<`-01(a) `em 01m-01(a)) `em ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken (`s maokeam ke Axlf`ena @lt Tucas 0<`-01(o) `em 01m-01(o)) obr tfa rankstr`et `em f`va7 (`) Maskneam Maskneam sulf mkslcbsura mkslcbsura lbetrbcs `em prblamuras, prblamuras, br l`usam sulf mkslcbsur mkslcbsuraa lbetrbcs `em prblamuras prblamuras tb da mas maskne kneam am uem uemar ar bur sup suparv arvksk kskbe, be, tb aes aesura ura tf` tf`tt i`t i`tark ark`c `c keo keobri` bri`tkbe tkbe rac rac`tk `tken en tb tfa ran rankst kstr`e r`et, t, kelcumken kts lbesbckm`tam sudskmk`rkas, ks i`ma hebwe tb us dy btfars wktfke tfbsa aetktkas, p`rtkluc`rcy murken tfa parkbm ke wfklf tfks rapbrt ks daken prap`ram8 (d) Maskneam Maskneam sulf ketare`c ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c oke`elk`c rapbrtken, br l`usam sulf sulf ketare`c lbetrbc lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrt rap brtken ken tb da mas maskne kneam am uem uemar ar bur sup suparv arvksk kskbe, be, tb prb prbvkm vkmaa ra` ra`sbe sbe`dc `dcaa `ss `ssur` ur`ela ela ran ran`rm `rmken ken tfa rack`dkckty bo oke`elk`c rapbrtken `em tfa prap`r`tkbe bo oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr axtare`c purpbsas ke `llbrm`ela wktf naear`ccy `llaptam `llbuetken prkelkpcas8 (l) Av`cu`tam Av`cu`tam tfa aooaltkvaeas aooaltkvaeasss bo tfa rankstr`et‛s rankstr`et‛s mkslcbsura mkslcbsura lbetrbcs lbetrbcs `em prblamuras prblamuras `em prasaetam prasaetam ke tfks rapbrt bur lbelcuskbes `dbut tfa aooaltkvaeass bo tfa mkslcbsura lbetrbcs `em prblamuras, `s bo tfa aem bo tfa parkbm lbvaram dy tfks rapbrt d`sam be sulf av`cu`tkbe8 av`cu`tkbe8 `em (m) Mkslcb Mkslcbsam sam ke tfk tfkss rap rapbrt brt `ey lf` lf`ena ena ke tfa rankstr` rankstr`et‛s et‛s ketare`c ketare`c lbetrbc lbetrbc bva bvarr oke oke`el `elk`c k`c rapbrtke rapbrtken n tf` tf`tt bllurram murken tfa rankstr`et‛s ibst ralaet oksl`c qu`rtar (tfa rankstr`et‛s oburtf oksl`c qu`rtar ke tfa l`sa bo `e `eeu`c rapbrt) tf`t f`s i`tark`ccy `ooaltam, br ks ra`sbe`dcy ckhacy tb i`tark`ccy `ooalt, tfa rankstr`et‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken8 `em

1.

]fa rankstr rankstr`et `et‛s ‛s btfar lartkoyk lartkoyken en booklar(s booklar(s)) `em K f`v f`vaa mks mkslcb lcbsam sam,, d`s d`sam am be bur ibst ralaet ralaet av`cu`tkb av`cu`tkbe e bo  ketare ket are`c `c lbe lbetrb trbcc bva bvarr oke` oke`elk elk`c `c rap rapbrt brtken ken,, tb tfa ran rankst kstr`e r`et‛s t‛s `um `umktb ktbrs rs `em tfa `um `umkt kt lbi lbiikt ikttaa taa bo tfa rankstr`et‛s db`rm bo mkraltbrs (br parsbes parobriken tfa aqukv`caet oueltkbes)7 (`) @cc sknekokl`et sknekokl`et maoklkaelka maoklkaelkass `em i`tark`c wa`heassa wa`heassass ke tfa maskne br bpar`tkbe bo ketare`c ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken wfklf `ra ra`sbe`dcy ckhacy tb `mvarsacy `ooalt tfa rankstr`et‛s `dkckty tb ralbrm, prblass, suii`rkza `em rapbrt oke`elk`c keobri`tkbe8 `em (d)) @ey (d @ey or or`u `um, m, wf wfat atfa farr br eb ebtt i` i`ta tark` rk`c, c, tf tf`t `t ke kevb vbcv cvas as i` i`e` e`na naia iaet et br bt btfa farr ai aipc pcby byaa aass wf wfb b f` f`va va ` sknekokl`et rbca ke tfa rankstr`et‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken.

M`tam7 Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Dy7

 

/s/

L@TBC  D @T]W L`rbc D`rtz

Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar

 

Axfkdkt <0.4 Lartkokl`tkbe bo Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar Zursu`et tb \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt Tucas 0<`-0=(`) `em 01m-0=(`) `s @mbptam Zursu`et tb \altkbe <:4 bo tfa \`rd`eas-Bxcay @lt bo 4::4 K, Dc`ha Gbrnaesae, lartkoy tf`t7 0. K f`va f`va ravkaw ravkawam am tfks Obri 0:-H bo [`fbb [`fbb!! Kel.8 Kel.8 4.

D`sam be be iy hebwcamna, hebwcamna, tfks tfks rapbrt mbas mbas ebt lbet`ke lbet`ke `ey uetrua uetrua st`taiaet st`taiaet bo ` i`tark`c i`tark`c o`lt br bikt bikt tb st`ta st`ta ` i`tark`c o`lt ealass`ry tb i`ha tfa st`taiaets i`ma, ke cknft bo tfa lkrluist`elas uemar wfklf sulf st`taiaets wara i`ma, ebt iksca`mken wktf raspalt tb tfa parkbm lbvaram dy tfks rapbrt8

<.

D`sam be iy hebwcam hebwcamna, na, tfa oke`elk`c oke`elk`c st`taiae st`taiaets, ts, `em btfar btfar oke`elk`c oke`elk`c keobri`tkbe keobri`tkbe kelcumam kelcumam ke tfks rapbrt, rapbrt, o`krcy prasaet ke `cc i`tark`c raspalts tfa oke`elk`c lbemktkbe, rasucts bo bpar`tkbes `em l`sf ocbws bo tfa rankstr`et `s bo, `em obr, tfa parkbms prasaetam ke tfks rapbrt8

=.

]fa rankstr`et‛s rankstr`et‛s btfar btfar lartkoyken lartkoyken booklar(s) booklar(s) `em K `ra raspbeskdca raspbeskdca obr ast`dcksf ast`dcksfken ken `em i`ket`keken i`ket`keken mkslcbsu mkslcbsura ra lbetrbcs `em prblamuras (`s maokeam ke Axlf`ena @lt Tucas 0<`-01(a) `em 01m-01(a)) `em ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken (`s maokeam ke Axlf`ena @lt Tucas 0<`-01(o) `em 01m-01(o)) obr tfa rankstr`et `em f`va7 (`) Maskneam Maskneam sulf mkslcbsura mkslcbsura lbetrbcs `em prblamuras, prblamuras, br l`usam sulf mkslcbsur mkslcbsuraa lbetrbcs `em prblamuras prblamuras tb da mas maskne kneam am uem uemar ar bur sup suparv arvksk kskbe, be, tb aes aesura ura tf` tf`tt i`t i`tark ark`c `c keo keobri` bri`tkbe tkbe rac rac`tk `tken en tb tfa ran rankst kstr`e r`et, t, kelcumken kts lbesbckm`tam sudskmk`rkas, ks i`ma hebwe tb us dy btfars wktfke tfbsa aetktkas, p`rtkluc`rcy murken tfa parkbm ke wfklf tfks rapbrt ks daken prap`ram8 (d) Maskneam Maskneam sulf ketare`c ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c oke`elk`c rapbrtken, br l`usam sulf sulf ketare`c lbetrbc lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrt rap brtken ken tb da mas maskne kneam am uem uemar ar bur sup suparv arvksk kskbe, be, tb prb prbvkm vkmaa ra` ra`sbe sbe`dc `dcaa `ss `ssur` ur`ela ela ran ran`rm `rmken ken tfa rack`dkckty bo oke`elk`c rapbrtken `em tfa prap`r`tkbe bo oke`elk`c st`taiaets obr axtare`c purpbsas ke `llbrm`ela wktf naear`ccy `llaptam `llbuetken prkelkpcas8 (l) Av`cu`tam Av`cu`tam tfa aooaltkvaeas aooaltkvaeasss bo tfa rankstr`et‛s rankstr`et‛s mkslcbsura mkslcbsura lbetrbcs lbetrbcs `em prblamuras prblamuras `em prasaetam prasaetam ke tfks rapbrt bur lbelcuskbes `dbut tfa aooaltkvaeass bo tfa mkslcbsura lbetrbcs `em prblamuras, `s bo tfa aem bo tfa parkbm lbvaram dy tfks rapbrt d`sam be sulf av`cu`tkbe8 av`cu`tkbe8 `em (m) Mkslcb Mkslcbsam sam ke tfk tfkss rap rapbrt brt `ey lf` lf`ena ena ke tfa rankstr` rankstr`et‛s et‛s ketare`c ketare`c lbetrbc lbetrbc bva bvarr oke oke`el `elk`c k`c rapbrtke rapbrtken n tf` tf`tt bllurram murken tfa rankstr`et‛s ibst ralaet oksl`c qu`rtar (tfa rankstr`et‛s oburtf oksl`c qu`rtar ke tfa l`sa bo `e `eeu`c rapbrt) tf`t f`s i`tark`ccy `ooaltam, br ks ra`sbe`dcy ckhacy tb i`tark`ccy `ooalt, tfa rankstr`et‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken8 `em

1.

]fa rankstr rankstr`et `et‛s ‛s btfar lartkoyk lartkoyken en booklar(s booklar(s)) `em K f`v f`vaa mks mkslcb lcbsam sam,, d`s d`sam am be bur ibst ralaet ralaet av`cu`tkb av`cu`tkbe e bo  ketare ket are`c `c lbe lbetrb trbcc bva bvarr oke` oke`elk elk`c `c rap rapbrt brtken ken,, tb tfa ran rankst kstr`e r`et‛s t‛s `um `umktb ktbrs rs `em tfa `um `umkt kt lbi lbiikt ikttaa taa bo tfa rankstr`et‛s db`rm bo mkraltbrs (br parsbes parobriken tfa aqukv`caet oueltkbes)7 (`) @cc sknekokl`et sknekokl`et maoklkaelka maoklkaelkass `em i`tark`c wa`heassa wa`heassass ke tfa maskne br bpar`tkbe bo ketare`c ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken wfklf `ra ra`sbe`dcy ckhacy tb `mvarsacy `ooalt tfa rankstr`et‛s `dkckty tb ralbrm, prblass, suii`rkza `em rapbrt oke`elk`c keobri`tkbe8 `em (d)) @ey (d @ey or or`u `um, m, wf wfat atfa farr br eb ebtt i` i`ta tark` rk`c, c, tf tf`t `t ke kevb vbcv cvas as i` i`e` e`na naia iaet et br bt btfa farr ai aipc pcby byaa aass wf wfb b f` f`va va ` sknekokl`et rbca ke tfa rankstr`et‛s ketare`c lbetrbc bvar oke`elk`c rapbrtken.

M`tam7 Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

Dy7

 

/s/

DC@HA G BTNAE\AE Dc`ha Gbrnaesae Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar

 

Axfkdkt <4 Lartkokl`tkbe bo Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar `em Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar Zursu`et tb 06 Q.\.L. \altkbe 0<1:, `s @mbptam Zursu`et tb \altkbe ;:? bo tfa \`rd`eas-Bxcay @lt bo 4::4 Ke lbeealtkbe wktf tfa @eeu`c be Obri 0:-H bo [`fbb! Kel. (tfabe –Lbip`ey’) obr tfa aemam Malaidar <0, 4::6 `s okcam wktfTapbrt tfa \alurktkas `em Axlf`ena Lbiiksskbe tfa m`ta farabo (tfaya`r –Tapbrt’), L`rbc D`rtz, `s Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar bo tfa Lbip`ey, `em Dc`ha Gbrnaesae, `s Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar bo tfa Lbip`ey, a`lf farady lartkokas, pursu`et tb 06 Q.\.L. § 0<1:, `s `mbptam pursu`et tb §;:? bo tfa \`rd`easBxcay @lt bo 4::4, tb tfa dast bo far `em fks hebwcamna, raspaltkvacy, tf`t7 (0) ]fa Tapbrt ouccy lbipckas wktf tfa raqukraiaets bo \altkbe 0<(`) br 01(m) bo tfa \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt bo 0;<=8 `em (4) ]fa keobri`tkbe lbet`keam ke tfa Tapbrt o`krcy prasaets, ke `cc i`tark`c raspalts, tfa oke`elk`c lbemktkbe `em rasucts bo bpar`tkbes bo tfa Lbip`ey.  /s/ E`ia7 ]ktca7 M`tam7

L`rbc D`rtz Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

 /s/ E`ia7 ]ktca7 M`tam7

L@TBC D @T]W

DC@HA  G BTNAE\AE Dc`ha Gbrnaesae Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar Oadru`ry 4>, 4::;

]fa obranbken obranbken lar lartkok tkokl`t l`tkbe kbe ks dak daken en oure oureksf ksfam am pur pursu` su`et et tb 06 Q.\ Q.\.L. .L. \altkbe \altkbe 0<1 0<1:. :. Kt ks ebt daken okca okcam m obr purpbsas bo \altkbe 06 bo tfa \alurktkas Axlf`ena @lt bo 0;<=, `s `iaemam, `em kt ks ebt tb da kelbrpbr`tam dy raoaraela ketb `ey okcken bo tfa Lbip`ey, ran`rmcass bo `ey naear`c kelbrpbr`tkbe c`enu`na ke sulf okcken.

 

X]FK\ Z@NA KE]AE]KBE@CC[ CAO] DC@EHY

 

DB@TM BO MKTAL]BT\

CA@MAT\FKZ

L`rbc D`rtz

@rkstbtca D`cbnf

Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar

Axalutkva _kla Zraskmaet, Zrbmults `em L]B

Or`eh Dkbemk

\aekbr I`e`nken Mkraltbr, ^`tar_kaw @mvksbrs CCL

L`rbc D`rtz

Tby Dbstblh

Iklf`ac L`cc`f`e

Lf`kri`e, [`fbb! Kel. _kla Lf`kri`e, Mact` @kr Ckeas, Kel. Lf`kri`e, ]fa Z`rtearsfkp obr ` Mrun-Oraa @iarkl`

Axalutkva _kla Zraskmaet, Naear`c Lbuesac `em \alrat`ry

Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar

M`vkm Mkddca

M`vkm Okcb

Obuemar `em I`e`nken Z`rtear, ]fa [ul`kp` Lbip`ekas

Lb-obuemar `em Lfkao [`fbb

Dc`ha Gbrnaesae

Zraskmaet, F`whaya Kevastiaets CCL

Axalutkva _kla Zraskmaet, Lfkao Oke`elk`c Booklar

Iklf`ac Iurr`y Arkl Fkppa`u

I`e`nken Z`rtear, \BO]D@EH L`pkt`c

\aekbr _kla Zraskmaet, Oke`ela Lfkao @llbuetken Booklar

Gaoo Tuss`hbw L`rc Kl`fe

Lf`kri`e bo tfa Db`rm, \t`rokra Fbcmken Lbrpbr`tkbe Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar, Kl`fe L`pkt`c CZ

\aekbr _kla Zraskmaet, Lustbiar @mvbl`ly

Fkc`ry \lfeakmar

Axalutkva _kla Zraskmaet, [`fbb! Ebrtf @iarkl` _ybiasf Gbsfk

Axalutkva _kla Zraskmaet, Ki`nken `em Zrketken Nrbup, Fawcatt-Z`lh`rm Lbip`ey

Acks` \taaca

@rtfur Hare

M`vkm ^kemcay

Kevastbr Lf`kri`e, @iarkl`e Iamk` I`e`naiaet, Kel

\aekbr _kla Zraskmaet, Lfkao Fui`e Tasburlas Booklar

Lfkao I`rhatken Booklar

Garry [`en I`nnka ^kcmarbttar

Lf`kri`e `em Lfkao Axalutkva Booklar, Orbetkar Lbiiuekl`tkbes Lbip`ey

N`ry ^kcsbe

Zrkv`ta Kevastbr

Garry [`en

Lb-obuemar `em Lfkao [`fbb

KEMAZAEMAE] TANK\]ATAM ZQDCKL @LLBQE]KEN OKTI Zrklaw`tarfbusaLbbpars CCZ 0: @ci`mae Dbucav`rm \ukta 0?:: \`e Gbsa, L@ ;100< ]T@E\OAT @NAE] Lbiputarsf`ra ]rust Lbip`ey, E.@. Z.B. Dbx =<:>6 Zrbvkmaela, TK :4;=:-<:>6

\aekbr _kla Zraskmaet, \arvkla Aenkeaarken & Bpar`tkbes

Tbe Durhca

Gbfe Lf`ppca

LBTZBT@]A FA@MPQ@T]AT\ >:0 Okrst @vaeua \ueeyv`ca, L@ ;=:6;

Lb-obuemar `em Lfkao [`fbb

[@FBB! KE_A\]BT TAC@]KBE\ >:0 Okrst @vaeua \ueeyv`ca, L@ ;=:6;

@EEQ@C \]BLHFBCMAT\ IAA]KEN ]fa `eeu`c iaatken bo stblhfbcmars stblhfb cmars wkcc da facm Guea 41, 4::;, 0:7:: `.i., `t tfa \`et` Lc`r` I`rrkbtt, 4>:: Iksskbe Lbccana Dbucav`rm, Dbucav`r m, \`et` Lc`r`, L@

@ lbpy bo tfks rapbrt l`e da obuem beckea `t7 ft `t7 fttp7// tp7//yfbb. yfbb. lckaet.sf`rafbcmar.lbi/ 

©4::; [`fbb! @cc rknfts rasarvam. ]fa tr`mai`rhs `em/br rankstaramtr`mai`rhs bo [`fbb! `em kts sudskmk`rkas raoarram tb farake kelcuma, dut `ra ebt ckiktam tb, [`fbb!, [!, mac.klkb.us, Ocklhr, FbtGbds, Dkx, Nablktkas, Guiplut, C`uelfl`st, Iuskli`tlf, Bvartura, `em tfakr raspaltkva cbnbs. @cc btfar e`ias `ra tr`mai`rhs `em/br rankstaram tr`mai`rhs bo tfakr raspaltkva bwears.